A procedural study of MGNREGS in to identify delays in wage payment

Project Report

Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance & Policy Analysis Project Team

Special Guidance

1. Shri Padamvir Singh, Director General

2. Shri Akhilesh Argal, Director

Guidance

Shri Madan Mohan Upadhyay, Principal Advisor, Centre for Social Sector Development

Project coordinator

Dr. Mangala Gowri M S, Deputy Advisor, Centre for Social Sector Development

Support Staff

1.Megha Lakshakar (Research Associate)

2. Manisha Chauhan (Data Entry Operator)

[A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table of contents

Contents Table of contents ...... 2 List of Abbreviations...... 4 Foreword ...... 5 Executive Summary ...... 6 1. Introduction ...... 11 1.1Background ...... 12 1. Issuing of muster roll ...... 12 2. Marking attendance of workers ...... 12 3. Valuation of muster ...... 12 4. Preparation of wage list ...... 13 5. Janpad level processing ...... 13 6. Generation of Fund Transfer Order (FTO) ...... 13 7. Public fund Management System (PFMS)- ...... 13 8. At the level of the banks ...... 14 1.2 Identified Stakeholders ...... 16 1.3 Objectives of the study ...... 16 1.4 Rationale of the study ...... 16 1.5 Methodology ...... 18 1.6 Sample size ...... 20 1.7 Limitations of the study ...... 22 2. Data Analysis and Interpretation ...... 23 2.1 Findings of the pilot study ...... 23 2.1.1 At the level of JP ...... 24 2.1.2 At the level of G P ...... 25 2.2 District Profiles ...... 26 2.2.1 ...... 26 2.2.2 Balaghat...... 29 2.2.3 Betul ...... 31 2.2.4 Chhatarpur ...... 34 2.2.5 Chhindwara ...... 35 2.2.6 Datia ...... 38 2.2.7 ...... 41 2.2.8 Dindori ...... 44 2.2.9 Harda ...... 46

2 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

2.2.10 ...... 50 2.2.11 ...... 53 2.2.12 Rajgarh ...... 56 2.2.13 Ratlam ...... 59 2.2.14 Sagar ...... 61 2.2.15 Shadol ...... 64 2.2.16 Singrauli ...... 67 2.2.17 Tikamgarh ...... 70 2.3 Consolidated trends...... 73 Table 68: Delays identified in the chosen districts...... 73 2.3.1 Stage 1 ...... 73 2.3.2 Stage 2 ...... 76 2.3.2.1 Other problems ...... 77 2.3.3 Stage 3 ...... 81 2.3.4 Stage 4 ...... 84 2.4 Problems during DBT ...... 84 2.4.1 Issues and challenges at the level of Banks ...... 84 3. Findings as per objectives ...... 87 4. Recommendations ...... 89

3 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

List of Abbreviations

AAO Assistant Accounts Officer AE Assistant Engineer APO Assistant Project Officer BC Banking Correspondent CEOJP Chief Executive Officer, Janpad Panchayat CEOZP Chief Executive Officer Zila Panchayat CPSMS Central Plan Scheme Monitoring System DBT Direct Benefit Transfer FTO Fund Transfer Order GP Gram Panchayat GRS Gram Rozgar Sahayak IBA Indian Bankers Association JP Janpad Panchayat MB Measurement Book MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MIS Management Information System MR Muster Roll NEFT National Electronic Fund Transfer NPCI National Payment Corporation of PFMS Public Fund Management System RBI Reserve Bank of India UTR Unique Transaction Reference

4 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Foreword

Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis (AIGGPA) undertakes research on various schemes and policy issues and works in collaboration with concerned Departments to provide strategic inputs and suggestions. The core staff of the Institute co-ordinate and execute the research programmes. The institute conducts extensive brain storming sessions and workshops with subject matter experts in order to validate the findings.

The past year witnessed many delays in the payment of wages of MGNREGS workers. MGNREGS caters to the lowest strata of people in the society. The scheme is designed to provide social security through asset creation. So delay in the payment of wages in such a scheme would be impacting the most vulnerable section. The scheme in its present form touches the lives of over one crore people in Madhya Pradesh alone. So AIGGPA decided to take up an inquiry into the various stages of the scheme and look into the reasons and duration of delay. A study was designed with this end in view. We are happy to present the findings of our study in this report. We hope that the report helps in addressing the problem of delay in wage payment in MGNREGS as well as in other payments under Direct Benefit Transfer schemes.

Padamvir Singh Director General

5 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Executive Summary

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is a mammoth scheme involving over 45.35 lakh active workers. The scheme has provided employment to 39.78 lakh individuals in 2016-17. Around 6.36 lakhs of works have been taken up in the present financial year. Madhya Pradesh has incurred an expenditure of about 2824 crores ( 2,82,380.44 lakhs) so far and wage payment alone constitutes around 1672 crores ( 1,67,175.27 lakhs). June 20, 2016 was the date, base lined for the study. The data on wage payment suggests that for the year 2016-17, out of 348 crores (Rs.34801.28 lakhs) to be disbursed, 210 crores (21,024.84 lakhs) have been delayed as on June 20, 2016. The final reference date for the study is January 28, 2017. As on that date, out of 1115 crores (111454. 45 lakhs) set for wage payments, 642 crores (64223.95 lakhs) were delayed, involving individual transactions to the tune of 7,26,1077 leading to delay in 58%

As the delay in payment affects a whole cross section of people, it is but natural to look into the nature and causes of delays and suggest possible solutions. Hence Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis (AIGGPA) undertook an exploratory study of the procedures of MGNREGA to understand the nature, time and causes of delay. Evidence for Policy Design, an offshoot of Harvard University also showed interest in the research and collaborated with AIGGPA in this regard.

17 districts were identified for the study and geographically they covered all portions of Madhya Pradesh. 10 of them were those districts with higher amounts of pendency in wage payments (amount wise), 3 of them had relatively lesser amount of pendency and 4 of them were added on request from EPoD. 1 GP each from 3-4 blocks of each of the sampled district was identified on a random basis. In the first round, the entire process of DBT was broken down into various stages. From each of the selected districts, around 50-60 musters were chosen through random purposive sampling. The musters belonged to the selected GPs. All of the chosen musters were delayed ones. Their time frame varied between April 2016 to June 2016. That particular time frame was chosen as delay due to financial insufficiency had to be ruled out. An end to end analysis of these musters were done and average delay in each stage was calculated block wise for each district. The delay at the level of banks was done on a

6 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

macro basis on the same musters. Detailed interview schedules were prepared for all stake holders and a pilot study was conducted in two GPs of district in order to validate the schedules. Field investigators from the respective districts were oriented in a one day session in AIGGPA to interview the field level stakeholders so that procedures pertaining to particular districts could be captured.

The data obtained is given in four phases.

2.1 Findings of the pilot study: In the first section, the findings of the pilot study have been enlisted which will provide a direction into the way the study has been conducted.

2.2. District profiles: Every district has been taken singularly to identify the stages of delay and then an attempt has been made to corroborate the secondary data with the inputs from the field. Here processes from stage 5 to 6 i.e. from Janpad level to beneficiary bank account have been omitted as they are done on a centralized platform.

2.3. Consolidated trends: This section is basically the consolidated data from the field where the procedures, problems, opinions, suggestions etc. have been looked into from a macro perspective.

2.4 Problems during DBT: A workshop with the banking sector was conducted on November 26, 2016 at Narmada Bhavan, Bhopal to discuss the existing problems and to understand the implementation challenges of the bankers. This section tries to encapsulate the problems from stage 5-stage 6.

Overall findings from the study are given in the box below.

In the conclusion part of the report, certain recommendations have been given to address the delays identified.

7 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Overall findings from the study are as follows.

At the level of Gram Panchayats 1. Maximum delay happens at the stage of GRS and CEO Janpad. 88% of districts showed maximum delay at the stage of muster closure and valuation by sub-engineer. 47% of districts showed the second most delay in wage list generation. 35% of districts showed delay at the level of second signatory of FTO which ranked 3rd in terms of delay. 2. No fixed protocols are being followed for issuance of muster from JP. 3. The interval between muster closure and valuation has not been scheduled at least in 81% of the GPs. 4. Contrary to the guidelines in MGNREGA, electronic filling up of attendance is also done after valuation. 5. It is very difficult to track the exact date of valuation, as the sub-engineer is not in the loop of the website. 6. By making the entire system of valuation manual, no uniformity of procedures is seen across districts and the GRS has to spend on an average of 1 day a week in JP. 7. The work distribution of Sub- engineers is another matter of concern as the maximum number of villages allotted to a sub-engineer is 25 and minimum 7. 8. The GRSs also complained of work load as they are used as conduits for execution of many other schemes.

At the level of Janpad Panchayat 9. Considerable amount of time of AAO, APO and CEOJP are also taken up in following up and tracking musters. 10. There have been persistent complaints from GRS, AAO and CEOJP regarding the MGNREGA website, which is very slow. 11. Many AAOs complained that they are forced to generate FTOs at night as the website does not function properly in the day due to simultaneous log ins. 12. CEOJP is not able to process FTOs in times of insufficient funds.

Technical Problems 13. Network connectivity and infrastructural problems are other technical issues that emerged in our survey.

8 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

14. The MGNREGS portal is very slow and at times of mass simultaneous log ins, it does not function.

At the level of Banks 15. Most of the Jan Dhan accounts get frozen on zero balance due to incomplete KYC details and this creates problems during DBT. 16. AADHAR seeding of bank accounts have been very slow. There are 2060173 joint accounts and hence getting the right bank account of the beneficiary, which is AADHAR seeded in NPCI is a problem. NPCI acts a common data base for all the banks. 16. PFMS also causes delay in processing the FTOs and PFMS does not come under the ambit of MGNREGA council 17. At the level of banks also, there are delays in processing FTOs and there are delays in sharing the response after processing. 18. In certain cases the responses shared by banks after FTO processing have gone wrong. One reason for the same is that delayed response by banks are often treated by NPCI as positive response.

19. There is no public domain to know the status of transactions done by NPCI. As on date, they do not have a UTR number for transactions and if any investigation need to be done the RRA number (which is their internal numbering system) is the only option available.

20. Banks face problems when the amount comes back to them from the beneficiary bank. Due to the change in the UTR no: they are not able to trace the funds back to the

FTO. 21. Beneficiary banks were not aware of the disbursement incentives provided by the government.

22. There is no efficient mechanism to assess the performance of Banking correspondents in rural areas. Major Recommendations

 The sub- Engineer could be co-opted into the loop of the software to bring in more accountability in that stage.  Alternately, payment process1. Introduction could be started on the basis of self attestation by

the Gram Panchayats.

9 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

 At the level of banks, a protocol could be introduced where NPCI need to validate delayed responses before treating them as positive responses.

 A revision in the NEFT protocol is also advised in order to trace funds back to the FTO.

 A list of technical nodals of the bank could be created and circulated

10 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

1. Introduction

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) aims to enhance livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing hundred days of wage employment in a financial year to rural households whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Being a scheme for social security, it plays a vital role in the rural economy. The goals of the act are as follows.

I. Social protection for the most vulnerable people living in rural India by providing employment opportunities II. Livelihood security for the poor through creation of durable assets, improved water security, soil conservation and higher land productivity III. Drought-proofing and flood management in rural India IV. Empowerment of the socially disadvantaged, especially women, Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Schedules Tribes (STs), through the processes of a rights- based legislation V. Strengthening decentralized, participatory planning through convergence of various anti-poverty and livelihoods initiatives VI. Deepening democracy at the grass-roots by strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions Effecting greater transparency and accountability in governance

The past year witnessed huge amounts of pendency in wage payments. Only 43% of labour payments have been generated within 15 days of muster closure. Delay in wage payment is in a way an infringement of rights of the workers. This study is intended to understand the procedures starting from issue of musters to wage payment and see if there are any issues relating to specific procedures so that mechanisms can be identified to expedite wage payment and bring them within the optimum time frame.

Madhya Pradesh has 51 districts which are further divided into 313 blocks and 22,813 GPs. As on January 28, 2017 (the date frozen for data consolidation), MP had 61.35 lakhs job cards issued. 161.25 lakh workers were using job cards. In the financial year 2016-17, 45.35 lakh job cards have remained active and 39.78 lakh individuals have been provided employment.

11 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Regarding the number of works taken up by the state, new and spill over works were to the tune of 6.36 lakhs in the present financial year. Of them 3.63 lakhs works are ongoing. 2,72,445 works have been completed.

The central Government has released funds amounting to 2856 crores (285603.08 lakhs) and MP has a utilization percentage of 84.28. The amount released as wages is 1672 crores (1,67,175.27 lakhs) (as on 28th January 2016). The rest of the amount was used for material payments as well as skilled labour payments.

1.1Background

In order to devise a strategy for procedural study, it is necessary to understand the stages through which the programme operates. This will not only help us understand the scope of research but also identify the stakeholders involved. After the sanction of work and work plan made, the entire process goes through the stages mentioned below. The pertinent issues in each stage that need to be looked into have also been included.

1. Issuing of muster roll- Muster roll is the list of applicants selected to work on a particular project. The first issue that needs to be addressed is the time when muster rolls are prepared. If the Gram Panchayat(GP) is resorting to simultaneous preparation of muster rolls along with ongoing work, it can cause delay in valuation.

2. Marking attendance of workers - What is the mechanism adopted for marking attendance? Is there any delay in this stage?

3. Valuation of muster- The muster gets closed on the seventh day. The sub-engineer evaluates the muster after its closure. In an ideal situation, the evaluation of the muster should be conducted on the eighth day. But there is a skewed ration between sub- engineers and GPs. On an average, one Sub Engineer has been allotted over 10 GPs. So the touring of the sub-engineer has to be structured in such a way that he visits each of his allotted G P immediately on the day after muster closure. Other factors that need to be considered here are the distance between GPs and any other reasons that may cause delay in valuation.

12 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

4. Preparation of wage list- The Gram Rozgar Sahayak(GRS) prepares an electronic wage list.

5. Janpad level processing- The wage list is sent to the Janpad office where it goes to the Assistant Account Officer(AAO). The AAO calls for the muster evaluated by the sub-engineer, verifies the signature and then directs it to CEO Janpad. Here a priority rule has been set, where the AAO is mandated to look into the wage lists on a first come first serve basis. So in case of improper documentation, the AAO is forced to wait till the documentation arrives of those wage lists which have been sent first before graduating to the next list.

6. Generation of Fund Transfer Order (FTO) - The AAO generates the Fund Transfer Order (FTO) which is subsequently signed by the CEOJP.

7. Public fund Management System (PFMS)- The FTO signed by the CEOJP is sent to the PFMS. The PFMS performs the following functions.

. Maintain a centralized database of all implementing agencies administering various Schemes at Centre / State /District /Block / Panchayat/Village level and managing government funds.

. Report on details of beneficiaries receiving payments, including details of Aadhaar based payments, geographical location, total Scheme-wise amounts received etc.

. Capture activity-wise/component-wise fund utilization by implementing agencies at various levels under various Schemes of Government of India.

. Provision of financial services in an integrated manner including a validated bank reconciled statement on utilization of funds to all implementing agencies.

As the wage list enters the PFMS, a Central Plan Scheme Monitoring System (CPSMS) id is generated which is used in subsequent transactions with the bank.

13 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

8. At the level of the banks- The FTO then travels to the data centre in Bombay from where money is transferred to concerned bank accounts. The bank follows AADHAR enabled payment through National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). It is mandatory for the applicant to give only that bank account which is AADHAR enabled. For the time being as AADHAAR seeding is not yet complete, bank accounts not linked to AADHAR are also accepted. But once the linking has happened, the funds would get deposited only in that account whose record is available with NPCI.

National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) is an umbrella organization for all retail payments system in India. It was set up with the guidance and support of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Indian Banks’ Association (IBA). The aims of AADHAR enabled payment are as follows.

1. To empower a bank customer to use Aadhaar as his/her identity to access his/ her respective Aadhaar enabled bank account and perform basic banking transactions like balance enquiry, Cash deposit, cash withdrawal, remittances that are intra bank or interbank in nature, through a Business Correspondent. 2. To sub-serve the goal of Government of India (GoI) and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in furthering Financial Inclusion. 3. To sub-serve the goal of RBI in electronification of retail payments. 4. To enable banks to route the Aadhaar initiated interbank transactions through a central switching and clearing agency. 5. To facilitate disbursements of Government entitlements like MGNREGA, Social Security pension, Handicapped Old Age Pension etc. of any Central or State Government bodies, using Aadhaar and authentication thereof as supported by UIDAI. 6. To facilitate inter-operability across banks in a safe and secured manner. 7. To build the foundation for a full range of Aadhaar enabled Banking services.

In case of post office accounts, money is transferred to the nodal post office along with the list. In cases of remote areas where banks are far away, the services of the banking correspondent is availed. As per the above mentioned process, the stakeholders in the process have been identified and given below.

14 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

The banking network may be explained by the flow chart below.

FTO FTO is generated at the JP

PFMS Central data base to generate CPSMS id

Data centre Amount segregated for beneficiary banks

NPCI To facilitate AADHAR based payments

Beneficiary banks Banking correspondent/ Service provider / Micro ATMs/ ATMs

The Banking network

15 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

1.2 Identified Stakeholders

The stakeholders in the above mentioned procedures are as follows. 1. Citizen/ employee 2. Gram Panchayat/ Gram Rozgar Sahayaks 3. Sub-Engineers 4. AAO/ APO 5. Janpad Panchayat 6. Banks 7. Post offices 8. Banking correspondents 9. Government officials at the state and central level 10. Technical staff

1.3 Objectives of the study

The objectives of the proposed study are given under. 1. To mark out the various stages of FTO 2. To find out if guidelines are being adhered to at various stages 3. To identify time lags in each stage a. How much lag is there? b. What kind of lags are seen? i. Procedural ii. Technical iii. Others 4. To suggest possible changes and solutions in order to address the delays caused

1.4 Rationale of the study

The data on wage payment suggests that for the year 2016-17, out of Rs. 348 crores (Rs.34801.28 lakhs) to be disbursed, Rs 210 crores (21,024.84 lakhs) have been delayed as on June 20, 2016. In huge programmes like MGNREGA, there are so many levels of functions operating simultaneously that the officials at each level may take certain conditions to be given and might not report the hassles and bottle necks that they encounter. A procedural study helps to capture such unreported issues and other

16 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

infrastructural and legal constraints. Once the problems at each level get reported properly, the government can initiate procedural changes which will increase speed and effectiveness of the entire process. Secondly, problems need to be understood from a systemic point of view. Sporadic complaints might not get addressed at the policy level. A systematic study will give a holistic view of the project and bring in the much needed focus on procedural improvement.

The entire process of (Direct Benefit Transfer) DBT in MGNREGS

IssuingMR Attendance filling in MR

Janpad Panchayat Gram Panchayat

Evaluation in MB Closure of M R

Sub- engineer Gram RozgarSahayak

Submission of MR & MB Upload data into MIS

GRS/ Sub Engineer Gram RozgarSahayak

FTO generation and first Wage list generation o sign Gram RozgarSahayak AAO

Bank processing for Second Signature payments

CEO Janpad

17 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

MR - Muster roll MB- Measurement Book MIS- Management

Information System AAO- Assistant Accounts Officer CEO- Chief Executive

Officer

1.5 Methodology

Multiple methodologies was used to conduct the study. The entire process of wage payment/ direct benefit transfer was categorized into various stages. The details of the stages are given under.

1.5.1 Breaking up the process into various stages

Stage 1 Date of data entry( muster fill) - Date of closure of muster roll. This happens at the level of GRS. Here the GRS fills up all the data regarding the muster except for the wage rate.

Stage 2 Date of wage list generation - Date of data entry (muster fill). Both the stages can either be carried out by the GRS. In certain cases, wage list generation is done at the Janpad by the Computer Operator.

Stage 3 Date of FTO generation - Date of wagelist generation. FTO is generated by AAO. Wage list is generated either by the GRS or the CO of the Janpad

Stage 4 Date of second sign - Date of FTO generation. The Janpad CEO is the second signatory and FTO is generated by the AAO

Stage5

Date of second sign - debit date.

Stage 6

Debit date - Credit date

18 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

MGNREGA guidelines stipulates maximum time frame to all the stages mentioned above. The details of the same are given below. Payment schedule

Activity

Day 12 Day

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 Day Day11 Day13 14 Day Day15 Executing works

Making & checking measurement

Data entry

Pay order generation & payment of cheques Handing over cheques to banks

Conveyance of cash to paying agency at GP level Disbursement of wages by paying agency

1.5.2. Tracking musters/FTOs from selected districts

In order to identify delays in various stages, random purposive sampling of musters from 17 districts were done. Delayed musters between April 2016- June 2016 were identified from 17 districts. Care was taken to ensure that the musters were spread out across the districts. The time frame of April to June was selected to rule out the case of insufficient funds in banks. The musters were tracked end to end in Nrega Soft to understand their course. Mean values of the number of days in each stage was calculated and their differences assessed.

Based on the same, different set of questionnaires were developed. Primary data on procedures adopted was collected from the field to understand the gap between reporting and reality and to identify those aspects which have not been captured in the

19 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

software. A set of pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaires were used for interview schedules. Stakeholder discussions at different levels was conducted to identify their perspectives and problems. The technical staffs were also interviewed to understand the technical snags. The working of the software was monitored from back end to front end.

1.6 Sample size

17 districts were chosen for study. 10 worst performing districts and 3 relatively better performing districts were identified initially. Later on, after a formal request from Evidence For Policy Design to add certain districts from their research proposal on a related issue, 4 more districts were added. The pilot testing for validation of the questionnaires was done in 2 blocks of Bhopal. Three- four blocks and one GP from each block was identified for field study. The list of the districts and their respective blocks as well as GPs identified for interview schedules are given below.

List of Gram Panchayats chosen

No Name of district Name of block Name of Gram Panchayat Number of Musters 1. Balaghat Balaghat Ameda 13 Katangi Badpani 12 Lalbarra Amoli 13 Warseoni Sikandra 12

2. Rajgarh Biaora Alampura 13 Rajgarh Baga 12 Zirapur Gadiya 13 Sarangpur Chakrod 12

3. Dhar Jogardi 13 Dhar Baggad 12 Nalchha Aali 13 Tirla Bori 12

4. Dindori Dindori Aurai 12 Shahpura Amera 13 Karanjiya Baharpur 12 Bajag Angai 13

5. Alirajpur Alirajpur Aali 12 Umri 13 Kathiawada Guneri 12 Sondwa Genda 13

6. Ratlam Ratlam Amleta 12

20 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Jaora Borda 13 Alot Devgarh 12 Piploda Mawta 13

7. Jhabua Jhabua Barod 13 Charel 12 Kalighati 13 Amli 12

8. Singrauli Chitrangi Bichhi 17 Deosar Banjari 17 Waidhan Chaura 16

9. Sagar Banda Bamana 13 Malthone Besra 12 Sagar Surkhi 13 Shahgarh Adavan 12

10 Chhatarpur BadaMalehara Simariya 13 Chhatarpur Morwa 12 Nowgaon Bilahri 13 Rajnagar Digouni 12

11. Betul Amla Andhariya 13 Betul Arul 12 Bhimpur Kutanga 13 Chicholi Bori 12

12. Chhindwara Chaurai Badagon 13 Chindwara Jamuniya 12 Mokhed Devgarh 13 Sausar Borgaon 12

13. Mandla Bijadandi Barangda 13 Mandla Boriya 12 Nainpur Bijegaon 13 Narayanganj Kunda 12

14. Harda Harda Bedi 17 Chiklapat 17 Kirkhiya Dolariya 16

15. Tikamgarh Baldeogarh Ganeshpura 13 Tikamgarh Umari 12 Jatara Digoura 13 Prithvipur Veersagar 12

16. Datia Bhander Godan 17 Datia Bajni 17 Seondha Devpura 16

17. Mair tola 13

21 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Burhar Chandrapur 12 Gohparu Gurha 13 Jaisinghnaga Pasorh 12

Districts taken for study on MP map

1.7 Limitations of the study

As the sample was purposive, districts were chosen as per their pendency of FTOs. Due to the same, geographical and demographical variations have not been considered. As far as the interview schedules are concerned, the respondent could affect its authenticity by opting for technically correct answers. Problems pertaining to particular places were tried to capture through open ended questions. Here too, the respondents have lost focus many a times and digressed to irrelevant issues. Nevertheless, efforts have been made to create separate profiles for the districts chosen to understand the hassles in the procedures followed by them by combining the primary as well as secondary data.

22 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

2. Data Analysis and Interpretation

The data has been categorized into 2 parts. As mentioned in the previous chapter, the initial phase of the study consisted of end to end analysis of the selected musters of the sample districts. Random purposive sampling technique was used to identify the stage where maximum delay happens and to see if there are any repetitive trends across districts. The data obtained is given in four phases.

2.1 Findings of the pilot study: In the first section, the findings of the pilot have been enlisted which will provide a direction into the way the study has been conducted.

2.2. District profiles: Every district has been taken singularly to identify the stages of delay and then an attempt has been made to corroborate the secondary data with the inputs from the field. Here processes from stage 5 to 6 i.e. from the Janpad level to beneficiary bank account have been omitted as they are done on a centralized platform.

2.3. Consolidated trends: This section is basically the consolidated data from the field where the procedures, problems, opinions, suggestions etc have been looked into from a macro perspective.

2.4 Problems during DBT: A workshop with the banking sector was conducted on November 26, 2016 at Narmada Bhavan, Bhopal to discuss the existing problems and to understand the implementation challenges of the bankers. The third section tries to encapsulate the problems from stage 5-stage 7.

2.1 Findings of the pilot study

As per the research design given in the proposal, a pilot study was conducted in two phases in two different blocks of . Biaragarh Gram Panchayat in Berasia Japad and Imliya Gram Panchayat in Phanda Janpad were covered in the pilot study. The study was conducted through structured questionnaire format and open ended discussion methods. At the Gram Panchayat level, the Gram RozgarSahayak (GRS)s, Sub engineer and some random beneficiaries were interviewed. At the Janpad level, the Janpad Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Accounts Officer (AAO), and Assistant Project

23 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Officer (APO) were interviewed. A few findings emerged and the pre-set questionnaires were modified accordingly before actual roll out. The findings at respective levels are listed below.

2.1.1 At the level of JP

1. Issues pertaining to infrastructure: a. Out dated hardware equipments were found to be used, which in turn affected the working speed of the employee concerned. b. Back up arrangements in case of power failure was found missing and frequent power cuts interrupted work.

2. Issues pertaining to technology: a. The speed of the NregaSoft server was an issue that kept on rising throughout the discussions. Drops in network connectivity and fluctuating speed are issues that need to be addressed from the level of development. During discussions, it was understood that simultaneous log ins for 230000 GRSs has not been factored in the software, which in turn leads to overloading. b. There have been cases where FTOs are seen to be rejected by banks in the software, whereas the beneficiaries receive payment in their respective accounts. So before re- processing FTOs, it becomes mandatory to confirm with the beneficiary on payment status to avoid duplication. c. In cases of errors that are bonafide and which can be rectified in the first instance, edit option is not available. The concerned officer has to reject the transaction and re- process the same. d. Material payments too once accepted cannot be revised or reverted in the software. e. There are certain projects which come under convergence scheme like Indira Awas Yojana. They normally come as individual files in a bulk. If a 'group accept' option is available where in individual cases can be rejected, time can be utilized effectively. f. Though only aadhar seeded bank accounts are accepted in the scheme, all of them are not aadhar enabled. Hence accounts in a single muster, if aadhar enabled goes to one window and the others to another window in the software. AAOs during verification has to search for different bank accounts in these two windows respectively which

24 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

become cumbersome as the scale of things get bigger. There has been a request to maintain both the categories in a single window for convenience.

3. Procedural issues a. In case of pendency, there is confusion as to whom to contact to identify the reason for pendency/ delay once the FTO (Fund Transfer Order) has been signed by the second signatory i.e CEO Janpad. b. As on date, the Janpad CEO/ AAO is not in a position to know the position of funds in the bank. There have been instances where FTO has been generated and passed at Janpad level but rejected by banks in bulk due to insufficient funds. This would lead to doubling of effort and time. c. Leave protocol for AAO is not available as on date. d. Bairagarh GRS submits wage list from the Gram Panchayat and later submit the verification documents by hand. Due to the sequential clause in generating FTOs, the AAO has to generate FTO even before the supporting documents arrive. e. Upon rejection of a wagelist, it goes to the district level from where it is sent to the GRS. The addition of another level leads to delay in reprocessing.

2.1.2 At the level of G P

Administrative issues a. The Superintending Engineer is not able to verify all the works in all the Gram Panchayats in his/her sector due to lack of time. They generally resort to random verification method. b. The Sub Engineers are allotted 10 Gram Panchayats on an average which becomes quite humungous for them. c. Most of the monitoring is done over phone and email.

Technical issues

The sub-engineer is the only person out of the technical loop and so manual intervention in this stage also leads to delay.

25 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Procedural issues a. Submission of valuation documents is done manually by the GRS and so he has to make repeated rounds to the Janpad Panchayat. This reduces his time in the Gram Panchayat. b. Normally, a time lag occurs between submission of wage list and supporting documents when wage list is sent from GP. A protocol to submit wage lists is needed in this regard. c. When FTOs are rejected, the GRS is not clear on how to re-initiate proceedings keeping the beneficiaries in loop. Sporadic efforts due to constant monitoring are adopted as of now. A standard set of operating procedures need to be devised in this regard.

2.2 District Profiles

This section shows the district wise scenario and the procedures adopted therein. An attempt has been made to corroborate the secondary data with the inputs from the field. It does not include data at the level of banks.

2.2.1 Alirajpur

Alirajpur district of Madhya Pradesh has a population of 728,999 as per the 2011 census. The total number of households is 123,034 of which almost 47% households have demanded work. The total expenditure on unskilled labour for the current financial year (till February 2017) is 42. 4 crores (4247.93 lakhs). June 20, 2016 was the base lined date for the study. On June 20, 2016, of the 13.37 crores (1337.89 lakhs) to be disbursed through 141238 transactions, Rs 7.68 crores (768.82 lakhs) were delayed which involved 81863 transactions. As on 28th January 2017, (which is the final date frozen for current status) the delayed amount is 18.98 crores (1898.84 lakhs) out of a total of Rs. 31 crores (3179.08 lakhs) leading to a lag of 60 % in payments. Out of 288 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 234 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 5905. The labour engagement status has been given in the tables below.

26 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table 1: Job card status in Alirajpur

1 2 3 4 6 7 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of HH S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued job No. of HH No. of HH working cards (Till the reporting month) demanded provided under SCs STs Others Total employment employment NREGA (Till the (Till the during the reporting reporting reporting month) month) month

1 ALIRAJPUR 3054 15666 172 18892 9855 7371 1342

2 BHABRA 31 17040 355 17426 6170 4356 703

3 JOBAT 2995 11816 490 15301 8036 4293 938

4 KATTHIWADA 5800 10069 1614 17483 11895 10197 2334

5 SONDWA 5329 16354 1316 22999 15890 14074 1878

6 UDAIGARH 2641 10524 770 13935 6222 3979 977 Total 19850 81469 4717 106036 58068 44270 8172

Table 2: Person days generated in the district

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated (Till the Cumulative No. of Disabled beneficiary reporting month) No. of HH individuals SCs STs Others Total Women completed 100 days (Till the reporting month 46227 281228 2734 330189 146876 131 269 276 178451 5024 183751 68013 68 107 29908 117467 5440 152815 63101 48 169 179236 305672 47725 532633 234423 254 170 143575 487324 38751 669650 299540 238 476 38487 123458 8569 170514 73050 50 216 437709 1493600 108243 2039552 885003 789 1407 Source: nrega.nic.in

60 musters were tracked to identify the various stages of delay and it was found that stage 1 and stage 2 take maximum time of 20 days and 16 days respectively. This is the same in all the three blocks that were surveyed. The details of the averages derived is given in Table 3.

Coming to the procedures adopted in the district, except for one GRS, none of them knew about the circular that says that muster could be issued 4 weeks prior to work. The works starts on a fixed day and GRSs claim that it ends on a fixed day. There are discrepancies in their answers regarding the visit of Sub Engineer to GP which might imply that they are not following any fixed schedule for valuation. 2 of them fill up the wage list before valuation and two of them do it later. But when queried about the time of filling up attendance online, 3/4 said that they do it after 1-2 days of valuation. All

27 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

of them fill up the wage list from their respective GPs. On sending the wage list to the JP, procedures are divided with half of the sample opting to send it on the same day and the other half doing it after 1-2 days. 3/4th of them have highlighted the issue of technical problems with net connection while sending the wage list. Regarding a particular muster, a GRS spends around 1 day /week in the JP. Their needs in the JP range from getting muster issued to depositing valuation documents. 3/4 have faced problems while logging into the official site of MGNREGS. The monitoring authority seems to be mixed with one block opting for a three tier route of APO, AAO and CEO whereas another GP opting for direct reporting to CEO. Communication with JP happens over phone as well as in person and the frequency of interaction varies from every day to weekly basis. All of them come to know about rejected FTOs from the JP and 3/4 get to know the reason for rejection. Beneficiaries are contacted in person as well as over phone.

Table 3: Average days of delay as per the selected musters.

Alirajpur Date of Date of Date of FTO Date of Date of 2nd muster fill- wage list generation- second sign- sign-date of date of generation Date of wage Date of FTO muster muster -date of list generation(N closure(N-H) closure (I-H) muster fill generation -L) Stage 4 Stage 1 (J-I) Stage 2 (L-J) Stage 3

Mean 19.7 15.55 10.96667 3.116667 49.33333 Median 14 9 3 0 45 Mode 14 1 0 0 35 Standard 9.908565 13.33966 14.55902 8.368811 14.14773 deviation

The recent pendency status at various levels as per January 28, 2017 is given in Table 4. As per those figures, stage 2 is showing a higher pendency. In Alirajpur, the problem of delay seem to be surrounding stage1, stage 2 and to a lesser degree stage 3.

Table no: 4 Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 123 Wage list not generated within due date 185 Pending at the level of first signatory 18 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 62 Source: nrega.nic.in

28 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Graph 1: Average no of days taken till stage 4 in various blocks

Alirajpur

25 22.4 20.25 18.92 20 17 17.69 14.46 15 12.5 Stage 1 10 Stage 2 6.25 5 4 Stage 3 5 3.87

Average number Average ofdays 0.46 Stage 4 0 Sondwa Jobat Alirajpur Stages blockwise

2.2.2 Balaghat

The total population of Balaghat as per 2011 census is 1,701,698. Of the households numbering 390,930, 48% households have demanded work. Rs. 10343.38 have been spent in total on unskilled labour in the current financial year (till February 2017). June 20, 2016 was the base lined date for the study. On June 20, 2016, of the Rs. 29.4 crores (2945.36 lakhs) to be disbursed through 33,525 transactions, Rs. 12.23 crores (1223.08 lakhs) was delayed which involved transactions to the tune of 141495. As on 28th January 2017, (which is the final date frozen for current status), the delayed amount is Rs. 3343.84 lakhs out of a total of Rs. 7276.09 lakhs, leading to a lag of 47% in payments. Out of 690 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 588 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 41953. The labour engagement status of the district has been given in the tables below.

As there were problems with the dates in the musters of Balaghat obtained from nrega.nic.in. further calculation was not done. But major pendency seems to be at stages 4, 1 and 2

29 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table 5: Job card status in Balaghat

1 2 3 4 5 6 a b C d Cumulative Cumulative No. of HH S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued No. of HH No. of HH working jobcards (Till the reporting demanded provided under month) employment employment NREGA SCs STs Others Total (Till the (Till the during the reporting reporting reporting month) month) month

1 BAIHAR 1065 12476 8637 22178 13529 10912 2902

2 BALAGHAT 1154 4379 17001 22534 14306 12686 3820

3 BIRSA 2235 15745 13141 31121 24680 20594 4728

4 KATANGI 1538 2981 26181 30700 19462 15484 4802

5 KHAIRLANJI 1926 1811 24860 28597 17272 13786 2684

6 KIRNAPUR 1324 1910 26983 30217 19034 16082 4810

7 LALBARRA 794 1805 30711 33310 22430 20101 4170

8 LANJI 1402 4925 28396 34723 20750 16167 5385

9 PARASWADA 804 10843 9269 20916 16528 14182 6944

10 WARASEONI 2428 3060 23603 29091 18421 16871 4068 Total 14670 59935 208782 283387 186412 156865 44313

Table 6: Person days generated in Balaghat

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated (Till the reporting Cumulative No. of Disabled month) No. of HH beneficiary individuals SCs STs Others Total Women completed 100 days (Till the reporting month 11355 184649 132578 328582 163818 60 1308 17096 70400 263465 350961 200167 25 575 43476 374304 276090 693870 306657 201 1643 20267 43373 400065 463705 215270 41 1006 22991 33319 312904 369214 190237 4 330 16897 25077 326793 368767 208827 16 721 16662 40257 590306 647225 339584 71 528 14856 71608 301220 387684 251304 13 157 14413 272790 190902 478105 227347 64 639 48495 82735 526866 658096 341600 186 531 226508 1198512 3321189 4746209 2444811 681 7438 Source: nrega.nic.in

Table7: Recent pendency status of FTO

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 271 Wage list not generated within due date 143 Pending at the level of first signatory 69 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 232 Source: nrega.nic.in

30 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

2.2.3 Betul

As per 2011 census, the total population of Betul is 1,575,362. There are 328,484 households in the district. 36% households have demanded work. Rs.5129.87 lakhs have been spent on unskilled labour in the current financial year (till February 2017). The base line date for the study as mentioned above is June 20, 2017. As on that date, Rs.500.26 lakhs involving 63860 transactions were delayed out of Rs.1025.27 lakhs. On 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status), the delayed amount is Rs.1574.01 lakhs out of a total of Rs.3614.64 lakhs leading to a lag of 44% in unskilled wage payments. Out of 556 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 532 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 59878. The labour engagement status of the district has been given in the tables below.

Table 8: Job card status in Betul

1 2 3 4 5 6 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of HH S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued job No. of HH No. of HH working cards (Till the reporting month) demanded provided under SCs STs Others Total employment employment NREGA (Till the (Till the during the reporting reporting reporting month) month) month

1 AMLA 2948 6596 9645 19189 10835 6400 3090

2 ATHNER 1906 8580 6802 17288 8305 6127 2629

3 BETUL 5455 6364 7845 19664 12033 9253 3877

4 BHAINSDEHI 3664 12317 6426 22407 13256 9784 4773

5 BHIMPUR 759 21838 2452 25049 16159 13322 4981

6 CHICHOLI 749 10895 4354 15998 9109 6821 3058 7 GHORA 1870 16329 7389 25588 13627 10092 4775

DONGRI

8 MULTAI 1952 2175 10582 14709 10518 6932 4303 9 PRABHAT 3269 5346 8881 17496 11725 8433 4813

PATTAN

10 SHAHPUR 6904 9007 5280 21191 11572 8118 3783 Total 29476 99447 69656 198579 117139 85282 40082

31 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table 9: Person days generated in Betul

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated (Till the Cumulative No. of Disabled beneficiary reporting month) No. of HH individuals SCs STs Others Total Women completed 100 days (Till the reporting month 28673 61138 86780 176591 80299 4 205 26297 92304 65990 184591 79382 154 180 76522 110057 125458 312037 156963 19 442 42660 135089 67389 245138 105610 162 605 11112 393393 31026 435531 181538 111 118 10526 176816 34106 221448 105148 32 40 20006 211033 92357 323396 157611 253 88 29621 38878 155021 223520 90137 282 166 47755 98942 118309 265006 123919 43 132 86665 113749 68639 269053 113856 54 407 379837 1431399 845075 2656311 1194463 1114 2383 Source: nrega.nic.in

A total of 60 musters were analyzed end to end. It was found that unlike other districts, stage 3 takes the maximum time followed by stage 1. The same pattern was observed in all the blocks of the district.

Table 10: Average no of days in each stage

Betul Date of Date of Date of Date of Date of muster wagelist FTO second sign- 2nd sign- fill-date generation- generation- Date of FTO date of of date of Date of generation(N- muster muster muster fill wagelist L) Stage 4 closure(N- closure (J-I) Stage 2 generation H) (I-H) (L-J) Stage Stage 1 3

Mean 12.86667 0.416667 26.18333 7.583333 47.05 Median 12 0 4.5 1 37 Mode 5 0 0 1 24 Standard deviation 9.190022 1.124333 29.81155 8.774562 21.77499

Table 11: Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 237 Wage list not generated within due date 233 Pending at the level of first signatory 81 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 147 Source: nrega.nic.in

32 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

In order to understand if there are any differences in the procedures adopted in the district, the field level staff were interviewed by our FIs. 3/4 of them spoke of issuing musters 2 days prior to start of work. All of them follow a fixed schedule for starting work and ending it. As per the GRSs, the SEs have fixed days for valuation. 3/4 of them said that the SEs visited GPs once a week. 3/4 of them fill up the wage list after valuation from JP and they submit the valuation document after sending the wage list. Problems relating to electricity and issues with the server were highlighted as problems while sending wage list. 3/4 GRSs spend one day a week in JP with regard to a particular muster. The reasons vary from getting muster issued to submitting valuation documents. All of them are directly reporting to the APO and to the AAO. The main mode of communication is over the phone and through whats app. Meetings in person are also held. Discussion over muster with the JP happens once in a week.

The recent pendency status in Betul is given in Table 11 which is shown above. There seem to be problems in stage 1, 2 and 4.

Graph 2 : Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Betul

Betul 20 18.5 18.28 18.5 18 16 14 12.96 13.15 12.96 12 Stage 1 10 8 Stage 2 5.3 6 4.62 4.62 Stage 3 4 1.69 2 1.69

averagenumber ofdays 2 Stage 4 0 Amla Betul Chicholi Blocks stagewise

33 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

2.2.4 Chhatarpur

Chhatarpur has a population of 1,762,375 as per the 2011 census. Of the 355,252 households in the district, 14 % have demanded work. Rs. 4543.58 lakhs have been spent on unskilled labour in the current financial year (till February 2017). The base line date for the study as mentioned above is June 20, 2017. As on that date, Rs. 579.31 lakhs, involving 64436 transactions were delayed out of Rs. 743.85 lakhs. On 28th January 2017, (which is the final date frozen for current status), the delayed amount is Rs. 2374.35, out of Rs. 3204.97 lakhs leading to a lag of 74% in unskilled wage payments. Out of 557 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 497 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 16658. The labour engagement status of the district has been given in the tables below. Table 12: Job card status in Chhatarpur

1 2 3 4 5 6 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of HH S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued job No. of HH No. of HH working cards (Till the reporting month) demanded provided under SCs STs Others Total employment employment NREGA (Till the (Till the during the reporting reporting reporting month) month) month 1 BADA 3455 1717 7924 13096 7328 5865 1636

MALEHARA

2 BIJAWAR 4399 2286 9533 16218 4477 3147 552

3 BUXWAHA 1248 2189 9243 12680 4636 3998 743

4 CHHATARPUR 2810 4171 14611 21592 6330 5256 1067

5 GAURIHAR 3986 552 8778 13316 6049 4865 699

6 LAUNDI 2591 245 5673 8509 4792 3705 541

7 NOWGOAN 3474 123 9772 13369 5960 5191 1217

8 RAJNAGAR 2148 2213 11117 15478 10260 8619 1672 Total 24111 13496 76651 114258 49832 40646 8127

Table 13: Person days generated in Chhatarpur

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated (Till the reporting Cumulative No. of HH No. of Disabled beneficiary month) completed 100 days individuals SCs STs Others Total Women (Till the reporting month 76051 38292 210485 324828 137373 722 85 33398 11171 83821 128390 50473 139 10 16631 28868 121622 167121 71606 76 49 27852 39695 216575 284122 110621 400 52 79122 6497 189687 275306 116696 497 97 42554 2429 129521 174504 74714 131 209 56899 1025 245280 303204 124707 566 51 56699 48510 368928 474137 187571 889 64 389206 176487 1565919 2131612 873761 3420 6 Source: nrega.nic.in

34 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Of the 50 musters tracked, due to software error in dating format, the details of the musters in stage 1 could not be identified. Due to discrepancies in the data received, the block wise depiction of various stages of the muster could not be shown in graphical format. The analysis of available data shows that stage 2 and stage 3 take over 20 days on an average. The mean for the district per se is 41.76 with standard deviation of 18.71.

Table 14: Average delay in various stages

Chhatarpur Date of Date of Date of Date of 2nd sign-date of wage list FTO second sign- muster closure(N-H) generation- generation- Date of FTO date of Date of generation(N- muster fill wage list L) Stage 4 (J-I) Stage 2 generation (L-J) Stage 3 mean 27.6 22.4 0.645833 41.76 median 25 19 0 35.5 mode 19 13 0 35 standard 14.41088 18.85714 1.494523 18.17215 deviation

As per the recent status, stages 1 and 2 seem to have problem of pendency.

Table 15: Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 416 Wage list not generated within due date 150 Pending at the level of first signatory 6 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 42 Source: nrega.nic.in

2.2.5 Chhindwara

The population of as per 2011 census is 2,090,922. Of the 442,366 households in the district, 32% have demanded work. Rs. 6985.94 lakhs have been spent on unskilled labour in the current financial year (till February 2017). The base line date for the study as mentioned above is June 20, 2017. As on that date, out of Rs. 968.49 lakhs involving 114886 transactions, Rs. 402.52 lakhs were delayed which

35 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

implied a delay on 47270 transactions. On 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status), the delayed amount is Rs. 1588.59 out of Rs. 4817.22 lakhs leading to a lag of 32 % in unskilled wage payments. Out of 781 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 625 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 54156. The labour engagement status of the district has been given in the tables below. Table 16: Job card status in Chhindwara

1 2 3 4 5 6 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued No. of HH No. of HH HH jobcards (Till the reporting month) demanded provided working SCs STs Others Total employment employment under (Till the (Till the NREGA reporting reporting during month) month) the reporting month

1 AMARWARA 3061 11396 10965 25422 14327 10869 5174

2 BICHHUA 2810 6699 3029 12538 6157 3884 1285

3 CHAURAI 3087 3264 10742 17093 8573 5865 2119

4 CHHINDWARA 3975 5471 10288 19734 9068 6953 3514

5 HARAI 3824 19710 2616 26150 22394 14698 6498

6 JAMAI 7108 16486 6247 29841 22215 16959 8062

7 MOHKHED 4603 5933 7540 18076 10818 6647 2154

8 PANDHURNA 3989 7503 7539 19031 11652 9756 5441

9 PARASIA 4994 8849 7165 21008 15794 10404 5196

10 SAUSAR 2322 3190 6364 11876 6023 4574 2082

11 TAMIA 2652 17066 3060 22778 16305 12868 7702 Total 42425 105567 75555 223547 143326 103477 49227

Table 17: Person days generated in Chhindwara

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated (Till the Cumulative No. of Disabled beneficiary reporting month) No. of HH individuals SCs STs Others Total Women completed 100 days (Till the reporting month 47321 165225 110675 323221 149283 230 78 21795 48939 22145 92879 43138 28 126 29486 35581 121903 186970 78708 172 60 51784 91328 123095 266207 134485 290 157 88305 412841 56036 557182 241838 724 464 146426 386569 92979 625974 266409 547 340 45754 64589 71025 181368 84354 4 44

36 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

65184 141233 116604 323021 139282 46 349 82221 154467 94800 331488 173158 263 536 29144 43005 109974 182123 65211 30 56 39635 335755 57697 433087 200075 359 426 647055 1879532 976933 3503520 1575941 2693 2636 Source: nrega.nic.in

Of the 47 musters analyzed, stage 3 showed the largest amount of delay with a mean of 13 days. The average for the whole muster process is 24 days which looks better compared to the rest of the districts.

Table 18: Average days taken in various stages of FTO

Chindwara Date of Date of Date of Date of Date of muster fill- wagelist FTO second sign- 2nd sign- date of muster generation generation Date of FTO date of closure (I-H) -date of -Date of generation(N muster Stage 1 muster fill wagelist -L) Stage 4 closure(N (J-I) Stage generation -H) 2 (L-J) Stage 3

Mean 8.466666667 1.111111 13.22222 1.2 24 Median 7 0 10 1 18 Mode 4 0 13 1 18 Standard 5.04795188 3.227877 14.63167 0.990867 16.30533 deviation

Coming to the picture on field, one of the GRSs was aware of the 4 week clause circulated by the state council. All of them admitted to having fixed days for starting the work, muster closure and valuation. 2/4 GPs had Sub Engineers visiting them twice a week. On a normal course, all of them prepared the wage list 1-2 days after valuation. 3/4 prepared the wage list from the GP itself. Valuation documents are submitted to the JP after valuation by 3/4 of GRSs. Half of them encountered technical problems while generating wage list. 3/4 spent an average of 1 day at the JP with regard to a particular muster and their tasks in the JP included issuance of muster, submission of valuation documents, to redress technical problems and for wage list generation. Reporting structures are quite diffused here with AAO, CEO and APO all taking various roles. Monitoring happens mostly on a weekly basis and telephones and whats app seem to be the preferred mode of communication. 3/4 do not get to know the reason for rejection of FTO.

37 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

The overall pendency status along with the level of pendency as per the reporting month is given in the table below. As per the data available, stage 1, stage 2 and stage 4 seem to be taking more time than is expected.

Table 19: Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 374 Wage list not generated within due date 106 Pending at the level of first signatory 38 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 199 Source: nrega.nic.in

Graph 3: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Chhindwara

Chhindwara 18 16.61 16 14 12 11.13 9.67 10 Stage-1 8 Stage-2 6 4 Stage-3

verage numberverage of days 2 0 Stage-4 0 Saunsar Mohkhed Chhindwara Churai stages blockwise

2.2.6 Datia

As per 2011 census, Datia has a population of 786,754. Of the 159,781 households 9% have demanded work. Expenditure to the tune of Rs.650.46 lakhs have been incurred in Datia as unskilled labour engagement. June 20, 2016 was the base lined date for the study. On June 20, 2016, of the Rs. 242.25 lakhs to be disbursed through 25095 transactions, Rs. 63.65 lakhs were delayed which involved 6986 transactions. As on 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status), the pending amount is Rs. 218.35 lakhs out of a total of Rs. 743.30 lakhs leading to a lag of 29% in

38 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

payments. Out of 213 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 125 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 4936.

Table 20: Job card status in Datia

1 2 3 4 6 7 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued No. of HH No. of HH HH jobcards (Till the reporting demanded provided working month) employment employment under SCs STs Others Total (Till the (Till the NREGA reporting reporting during month) month) the reporting month

1 BHANDER 3040 112 3583 6735 3559 2096 574

2 DATIA 5865 916 8048 14829 7024 5226 1641

3 SEONDHA 2159 29 7002 9190 4094 2585 677 Total 11064 1057 18633 30754 14677 9907 2892

Table 21: Person days generated in Datia

Cumulative Person days generated(Till the reporting month) Cumulative No. No. of SCs STs Others Total Women of HH Disabled completed 100 beneficiary days (Till the individuals reporting month 20455 1450 36471 58376 19470 5 34 61875 8153 79515 149543 40953 10 124 17390 160 64825 82375 30228 8 14 99720 9763 180811 290294 90651 23 172 Source: nrega.nic.in

Random purposive sampling led us to only 11 valid musters in Datia. The largest amount of delay was witnessed in stage 1. All the three blocks of the district showed the same trend. Total average delay was 25 days of which over 81% delay happened at the GP itself. The latest figures of pendency at each stage is given in table 23. Stage 1 is most critical in the recent data also.

39 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table 22: Average days taken in various stages of FTO

Datia Date of Date of Date of Date of Date of 2nd muster wage list FTO second sign- sign-date of fill-date generation- generation- Date of FTO muster of date of Date of generation(N- closure(N-H) muster muster fill wage list L) Stage 4 closure (J-I) Stage 2 generation (I-H) (L-J) Stage Stage 1 3

Mean 20.55556 1 2 1.777778 25.33333 median 24 0 0 1 29 mode 24 0 0 0 29 Standard 6.710274 2.645751 4.898979 1.922094 8.246211 deviation

One of the interviewed GRSs was aware of the 4 week clause issued by the state council. All of them had fixed days for starting the work and ending it. 1/3 admitted of not having any fixed day for valuation. Sub- engineers visited GPs once in a week. Wage list is generated 1-2 days after valuation from the GP at least by two of them. Except for one, the others send the valuation documents after the wage list is sent to JP. They experience technical problems while generating and sending wage list. 2 of them spend 1/2 day a week at the JP. APO seems to have no role in the district and monitoring happens only through phone at a frequency of once in 3 days in 2/3 cases. All of them get to know the reasons of rejection of FTO from the JP. Grievance redressal mechanism for technical problems seem to be diffused.

Table 23: Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 186 Wage list not generated within due date 6 Pending at the level of first signatory 0 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 0 Source: nrega.nic.in

40 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Graph 4: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Datia

Datia 30 24 25 19 20 Stage 1 15 13 Stage 2 10 4.5 Stage 3 average time takenaveragetime 5 3 2.25 3.25 0 0 0 0 0 Stage 4 0 Seondha Datia Bhander Stages blocwise

2.2.7 Dhar

As per 2011 census, Dhar has a population of 2,185,793. Of the 423,324 households 30% have demanded work. Expenditure to the tune of Rs. 7346.28 lakhs have been incurred in Dhar on unskilled labour engagement. June 20, 2016 was the base lined date for the study. On June 20, 2016, of the Rs. 1652.82 lakhs to be disbursed through 180575 transactions, Rs.1168.16 lakhs were delayed which involved 129246 transactions. As on 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status), the delayed amount is Rs. 2575.17 lakhs out of a total of Rs. 4788.76 lakhs leading to a lag of 54% in payments. Out of 716 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 698 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 54658.

Due to software errors in the data received, very few musters were found valid for analysis. In Dhar, it takes an average of 30 days in the case of late musters to complete the whole process. Stage 2 takes the maximum time of 35.7 days but the standard deviation is 73.5 which shows a very high variance, questioning the validity of the finding. Due to the same reason, the graph too does not depict the picture clearly.

41 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table 24: Job card status in Dhar

1 2 3 4 5 6 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of HH S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued job No. of HH No. of HH working cards (Till the reporting month) demanded provided under SCs STs Others Total employment employment NREGA (Till the (Till the during reporting reporting the month) month) reporting month

1 4131 14495 13386 32012 14366 10073 2543

2 BAGH 918 18618 1241 20777 8701 5746 2130

3 DAHI 1733 17292 3651 22676 11221 8464 3750

4 DHAR 2396 2131 5685 10212 2475 1744 531

5 3252 11688 4934 19874 5674 3702 807

6 GANDHWANI 567 26932 917 28416 14026 9086 1996

7 KUKSHI 2772 9996 1761 14529 5408 3192 883

8 3804 14168 7900 25872 7214 5127 1306

9 NALCHHA 4683 9548 6418 20649 10459 6922 2547

10 NISARPUR 2336 6214 4057 12607 3200 1365 315

11 6584 29486 11203 47273 27373 18185 4017

12 TIRLA 3423 9737 2963 16123 8220 5967 2103

13 UMARBAN 2826 17216 3146 23188 7320 4520 839 Total 39425 187521 67262 294208 125657 84093 23767

Table 25: Person days generated in Dhar

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated (Till the Cumulative No. of Disabled beneficiary reporting month) No. of HH individuals SCs STs Others Total Women completed 100 days (Till the reporting month 46244 226961 133222 406427 176123 11 29 6631 182214 8353 197198 81703 43 109 19618 228121 37720 285459 116661 29 116 22504 14936 33259 70699 32014 51 12 16187 91885 23550 131622 59320 16 23 4167 317434 10716 332317 138168 55 77 19826 81828 9650 111304 49311 1 33 26267 86409 56443 169119 73411 33 51 67750 175513 63786 307049 140076 390 161 8906 23957 7552 40415 17984 0 2 104749 481641 178973 765363 360750 439 140 56785 139421 51740 247946 112829 176 128 15742 111620 13271 140633 64092 5 151 415376 2161940 628235 3205551 1422442 1249 1032 Source: nrega.nic.in

42 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table 26: Average days taken in various stages of FTO

Dhar Date of Date of Date of Date of Date of muster wage list FTO second sign- 2nd sign- fill-date generation- generation- Date of FTO date of of date of Date of generation(N- muster muster muster fill wage list L) Stage 4 closure(N- closure (J-I) Stage 2 generation H) (I-H) (L-J) Stage Stage 1 3

Mean 27 35.72222 7.166667 2.882353 29.88889 Median 14 6.5 5 2 22 Mode 14 0 5 0 19 Standard deviation 38.41875 73.56614 8.382405 2.847858 23.19708

Only three GPs could be covered as one of the GRSs was not available for interview. None of them were aware of the 4 week clause in getting muster rolls issued. Though all of them have fixed days for starting work, 1/3 does not have a scheduled day for closure of muster. One of them again admitted that there is no fixed day for visit by sub-engineer. 2/3 filled up muster rolls after valuation and one did not answer any questions relating to submission of wage list to JP. 2 of them prepare the wage list from the GP itself. They send the valuation documents only after the wage list. The GRS need to spend at least one day a week in JP with regard to a particular muster. One of the predominant reason for going to JP is technical problems in the software. The AAOs largely supervise the GRSs with the exception of 1/3, where the CEO is also involved in the picture. Monitoring happens at least once a week and personal as well as telephonic modes of communication are adopted. There was no clarity on how they get to know about the rejected FTOs.

The present pendency of musters at various levels are as follows. (as on January 28, 2017). Stage 1, 2 and 4 seem to be taking maximum time.

Table 27: Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 723 Wage list not generated within due date 229 Pending at the level of first signatory 17 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 184 Source: nrega.nic.in Graph 5: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Dhar

43 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Dhar

80 71.77 70 60 49.86 50 Stage 1 40 30 Stage 2 18.7 20 Stage3

Average noof days Average 9.58 8.48.7 7.67 5.62 10 2.6 2.25 2.58 Stage 4 0 Kukshi Nalcha Tirla Stages blockwise

2.2.8 Dindori

The population of as per 2011 census is 704,524. Of the 169,044 households in the district, 80% have demanded work. Rs.7145.54 lakhs have been spent on unskilled labour in the current financial year (till February 2017). The base line date for the study as mentioned above is June 20,2017. As on that date, out of Rs. 1662.11 lakhs involving 192674 transactions, Rs. 1050.63 lakhs were delayed which implied a delay on 126448 transactions. On 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status), the delayed amount is Rs. 2811.57 lakhs out of Rs. 4346.35 lakhs leading to a lag of 64.56 % in unskilled wage payments. Out of 364 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 352Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 59268. The labour engagement status of the district has been given in the tables below.

48 musters of Dindori district were looked into. The delayed musters showed an average of 31 days with standard deviation of 15.5. Stage 1 took almost 15 days followed by stage 2 which took around 9 days. Block wise analysis shows a mixed picture. As per the graph, stage 4 takes the least amount of time.

44 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table 28: Job card status in Dindori

1 2 3 4 5 6 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of HH S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued No. of HH No. of HH working jobcards (Till the reporting demanded provided under month) employment employment NREGA SCs STs Others Total (Till the (Till the during the reporting reporting reporting month) month) month

1 AMARPUR 408 9878 8235 18521 17451 15996 5546

2 BAJAG 925 12117 7078 20120 16508 14326 3147

3 DINDORI 1333 11871 17850 31054 26172 21337 7462

4 KARANJIYA 632 12245 6809 19686 15231 11514 2851

5 MEHANDWANI 260 16372 3609 20241 17646 13682 5816

6 SAMNAPUR 790 11330 9002 21122 19149 15914 4456

7 SHAHPURA 670 4605 25362 30637 23584 19696 6154 Total 5018 78418 77945 161381 135741 112465 35432

Table 29: Person days generated

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated (Till the reporting Cumulative No. of Disabled beneficiary month) No. of HH individuals SCs STs Others Total Women completed 100 days (Till the reporting month 15675 391531 301201 708407 322221 882 194 16577 370830 182067 569474 259878 386 411 31652 244018 350854 626524 285452 275 419 9738 213391 110896 334025 143352 211 228 3811 265551 52802 322164 115705 120 226 15656 250917 192422 458995 219563 253 373 9958 73115 407555 490628 212425 129 249 103067 1809353 1597797 3510217 1558596 2256 2100 Source: nrega.nic.in

The most pertinent aspect in Dindori that came out during field investigations was the missing measurement book. The entire process of valuation was not clear as the GRS was unable to show the MB. In the recent pendency status, we see a repetitive trend in Dindori also where stages 1, 2 and 4 are getting delayed. Table 30: Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 279 Wage list not generated within due date 174 Pending at the level of first signatory 20 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 142 Source: nrega.nic.in

45 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table 31: Average time for various stages of FTO

Dindori Date of Date of Date of Date of Date of 2nd muster wage list FTO second sign- sign-date of fill-date generation- generation- Date of FTO muster of date of Date of generation(N- closure(N-H) muster muster fill wage list L) Stage 4 closure (J-I) Stage 2 generation (I-H) (L-J) Stage Stage 1 3

Mean 15.425 9.369565 7.869565 5 30.8913 Median 16 4.5 1.5 0 28 Mode 7 0 0 0 35 Standard 8.205338 11.91331 15.36028 8.864411 15.54667 deviation

Graph 6: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Dindori

Dindori 25 20.71 19.43 20 14.14 15 12.87 12.57 Stage 1 9.7 10 7.5 Stage 2 Stage 3

Average no ofAverage days 5 3 2.61.67 0.71 0.3 Stage 4 0 Shahpura Karanjia Dindori Bajag Blocks stagewise

2.2.9 Harda

Harda is the least populous district of Madhya Pradesh with a population of 570,302 (as per 2011 census). The total number of households is 112,545 of which 15% have demanded work. Rs.988.05 lakhs have been spent as wages to unskilled labour in Harda this current financial year. June 20, 2016 was the base lined date for the study. On June 20, 2016, of the Rs. 148.08 lakhs to be disbursed through 16080 transactions,

46 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Rs. 63.65 lakhs were delayed which involved 6986 transactions. As on 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status), the pending amount is Rs. 218.35 lakhs out of a total of Rs.743.30 lakhs leading to a lag of 29% in payments. Out of 213 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 125 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 4936.

Table No: 32 Details on job cards in Harda

a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of HH S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued No. of HH No. of HH working jobcards (Till the reporting demanded provided under month) employment employment NREGA SCs STs Others Total (Till the (Till the during the reporting reporting reporting month) month) month

1 HARDA 3206 3257 2905 9368 5968 4934 2627

2 KHIRKIYA 2629 5436 2936 11001 5136 4245 1664

3 TIMARNI 3554 6482 3924 13960 5702 4517 2272 Total 9389 15175 9765 34329 16806 13696 6563

Table No: 33 Details on person days in MGNREGA

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated(Till the Cumulative No. of No. of Disabled reporting month) HH completed 100 beneficiary individuals SCs STs Others Total Women days (Till the reporting month 61016 59060 60194 180270 82317 144 73 35780 69305 55812 160897 69032 200 28 30901 66136 30760 127797 54300 79 49 127697 194501 146766 468964 205649 423 150 Source: nrega.nic.in

Of the total number of delayed musters identified in the chosen time frame, 43 musters were selected. The table shows the average number of days needed to complete each stage of FTO/muster roll. The muster analysis of Harda shows a mixed picture whereby maximum time is taken to fill the data after the evaluation of sub-engineer. All the three blocks have exceeded the time limit. Stage 3 also shows an average time frame of 15 days. The average time taken in the processing of FTO is 51 days, even though the deviation in the data is also quite high.

47 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table no:34 Average time taken in various stages of FTO

Harda Date of muster Date of wage Date of FTO Date of Date of fill-date of muster list generation- generation- second sign- 2nd sign- closure (I-H) Stage date of muster Date of wage Date of FTO date of 1 fill list generation generation(N- muster (J-I) Stage 2 (L-J) Stage 3 L) Stage 4 closure(N- H)

Mean 30.36 0.39 14.64 8.94 50.70 Median 15 0 1 1 51 Mode 58 0 1 0 38 St. Dev 31.98 0.61 16.02 20.23 27.24

As on 28th January 2017, the delay at various stages are as follows. As per the data available, Harda is one of the better performing districts. Maximum delay is found to be in stage 1.

Table no 35: Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 70 Wage list not generated within due date 2 Pending at the level of first signatory 5 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 7 Source: nrega.nic.in

Graph 7: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Harda

Harda

45 40.24 40 35 29.67 30 25 22.54 19.15 Stage 1 20 17.53 13.85 Stage 2 15 8.33 10 Stage 3 4.06

Average number Average ofdays 5 0 1.67 0.06 0.92 Stage 4 0 Timrani Khirkiya Harda Stages blockwise

48 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Corroborating the above data with the field, all the three selected Gram Rozgar Sahayaks were unaware of the circular asking them to get muster rolls issued form Janpad 4 weeks prior to the start of work. Printed muster rolls are available in the GP also, which negates delay in issuing muster rolls. Though all of them did admit following fixed days for closure of muster, there were no fixed days for visit of sub engineer. All them fill up the data in the MIS only after valuation and even though the GRSs as well as the Sub engineers claim that they make atleast 1 visit to the concerned GP in a week, it does not seem to be the case.

As a practice each GRS takes two days to send the wage list to the JP after evaluation, though 2 of them claim that verification also happens before wage list preparation which seems skeptical as AEs also do not follow a fixed tour programme in Harda. None of the Gram Rozgar Sahayaks reported any kind of problems in wage list generation during the structured interview schedule.

GRS has to spend at least one day in JP with regard to a particular muster. They go to the JP mainly to get muster issued, to submit the valuation documents and for getting print outs. They fill up the wage list from the GP itself. They submit the valuation documents with the AAO or at the aavak jaavak section of JP. 2/3 get receipt for the documents submitted. The GRSs have not felt any problems in the procedure so far. They report directly to the APO or AAO and phone conversations as well as whats app seem to be the main mode of communication. The interval between conversations varies from a daily basis to a weekly basis.

In the absence of GRS, the Sachiv takes charge of the GP. The GRSs get to know about the rejected FTOs from the JP especially from AAO and normally they come to know about the reason for rejection as well. In matters relating to bank accounts, the beneficiary is contacted in person. With regard to technical problems of the website, the GRSs contact the computer operator at the JP level and normally the problem gets rectified on the same day itself.

In the open round of discussion, the GRSs complained that they were overburdened and internet costs are not being met. They also expressed a need for TA and DA. All of

49 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

them complained about the delay caused at the level of sub- engineers. Interruption in power supply was another problem while working online.

The sub-engineers were allotted around 10 GPs on an average and they reported to the AE. They were monitored at least two times a week over the phone regarding pendency of valuation. As per the sub-engineers, the GRSs don't fill up muster on time and do not provide them the Measurement Book (MB) kept at the GP. Transportation facilities to interior GPs are not sufficient. Yet they tour 2 GPs a day.

At the level of JP, while not in the receipt of valuation documents, the AAOs contact the GRSs in person or over phone till the documents are submitted. The problems while generating FTOs are mainly technical. The internet server is not consistent. The hardware is also quite outdated for two of the AAOs. All of them contacted the ZP data manager in the event of technical problems.

2.2.10 Jhabua

Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh has a population of 1,025,048 as per the 2011 census. The total number of households is 193,116 of which almost 42% households have demanded work. The total expenditure on unskilled labour for the current financial year (till February 2017) is Rs.4840.26 lakhs. June 20, 2016 was the base line date for the study. On June 20, 2016, of the Rs.912.47 lakhs to be disbursed through 103908 transactions, Rs.718.43 lakhs were delayed, which involved 82270 transactions. As on 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status) the delayed amount is Rs.2463.39 lakhs out of a total of Rs.3069.77 lakhs leading to a lag of 74% in payments. Out of 375 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 289 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 25294. The labour engagement status has been given in the tables below.

50 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table no 36: Details of job card status in Jhabua

1 2 3 4 5 6 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of HH S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued No. of HH No. of HH working jobcards (Till the reporting month) demanded provided under SCs STs Others Total employment employment NREGA (Till the (Till the during reporting reporting the month) month) reporting month

1 JHABUA 707 30182 797 31686 12914 9259 5350

2 MEGHNAGAR 1223 28474 1191 30888 13973 11196 2869

3 PETLAWAD 1527 30727 6032 38286 19242 14466 1615

4 RAMA 4467 20939 1580 26986 10783 8310 2612

5 811 26075 1720 28606 8835 6021 2132

6 THANDLA 2809 28375 1896 33080 15707 13351 4794 Total 11544 164772 13216 189532 81454 62603 19372

Table No 37: Details of person days generated

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated (Till the Cumulative No. of Disabled beneficiary reporting month) No. of HH individuals SCs STs Others Total Women completed 100 days (Till the reporting month 5100 219657 4179 228936 107163 308 313 12147 389730 11969 413846 191348 448 487 20848 428195 82445 531488 239359 324 268 46830 244827 11494 303151 139096 397 413 6099 190757 9272 206128 94305 304 52 42315 458620 20635 521570 243094 576 52 133339 1931786 139994 2205119 1014365 2357 1585 Source: nrega.nic.in

56 musters were looked into in the case of Jhabua. The average delay seems to be 66 days which looks severely high. Stage 1 has consumed more than half of the time with a delay of over 38 days. In contrast to other districts, stage 3 takes the second most lengthy time frame of 24 days.

Our investigation in four GPs of Jhabua showed that all of them used to get musters issued 2 days prior to the start of work. 3/4 GPs have fixed days for start of work. Half of them said that Sub engineers do not have fixed schedule for valuation. All of them claim that Sub engineers visited the GPs almost once a week. Regarding the preparation of wage list, there seems to be uniformity in the district with all the GRSs doing it after 1-2 days of valuation. 3/4 prepared the wage list from the GP itself. They spent 1-2 days a week in JP for submitting valuation documents and getting muster

51 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

issued. All of them replied in the negative, when asked if mistakes in valuation documents got rectified immediately. This can be the cause of delay in stage 3. APO seems to be the first point of connect between the GRS and the JP. Monitoring happens largely once a week over the phone. 3/4 GPs get muster issued from the JP.

Table No 38: Average time taken at various stages of delayed FTOs

Jhabua Date of Date of Date of Date of Date of 2nd muster wagelist FTO second sign- sign-date of fill-date generation- generation- Date of FTO muster of date of Date of generation(N- closure(N-H) muster muster fill wagelist L) Stage 4 closure (J-I) Stage 2 generation (I-H) (L-J) Stage Stage 1 3

Mean 37.71429 4.25 23.53571 0.410714 65.91071 Median 34 1 21 0 63 Mode 34 0 14 0 49 Standard 16.4214 5.93985 16.78957 0.781067 17.81447 deviation

When we examined the recent pendency status, stages 1,2 and 4 seemed to be taking maximum time.

Table No:39 Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 383 Wage list not generated within due date 195 Pending at the level of first signatory 71 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 163 Source: nrega.nic.in

52 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Graph 8: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Jhabua

Jhabua 50 47.08 45 42.71 40 33.82 35 30 26.48 Stage 1 25 20 15.71 Stage 2 15 12.31 10.08 Stage 3

averageno of days 10 2.74 5 0.43 0 Stage 4 0 Thandla Petlawad Meghnagar Jhabua stages blockwise

2.2.11 Mandla

Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh has a population of 1,054,905 as per 2011 census. The total number of households is 248,825 of which 55% have demanded work. Rs.5049.4 lakhs have been spent on unskilled labour in the current financial year. June 20, 2016 was the base line date for the study. On June 20, 2016, of the Rs.1086.63 lakhs to be disbursed through 140171 transactions, Rs.426.60 lakhs were delayed which involved 55680 transactions. As on 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status), the pending amount is Rs.1395.25 lakhs out of a total of Rs.3281.99 lakhs leading to a lag of 43% in payments. Out of 486 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 426 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 55166.

58 musters were selected for tracking. 18 musters had invalid values for stage 1 due to problem in the entry of dates. In contrast to the other districts, stage 3 takes up the maximum time followed by stage 1. The average time for completion of a delayed muster seems to be around 32 days.

53 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table No 40: Details of job cards in Mandla

1 2 3 4 5 6 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued No. of HH No. of HH HH jobcards (Till the reporting month) demanded provided working SCs STs Others Total employment employment under (Till the (Till the NREGA reporting reporting during month) month) the reporting month

1 BICHHIYA 9580 9080 12807 31467 18545 11851 3066

2 BIJADANDI 121 13504 2575 16200 11125 8174 3089

3 GHUGHRI 742 13492 8235 22469 13875 8731 3009

4 MANDLA 1247 13820 11480 26547 20216 15325 7608

5 MAWAI 1609 15122 4940 21671 15608 10827 2697

6 MOHGAON 948 11677 6709 19334 14028 10996 4450

7 NAINPUR 6523 5965 14022 26510 18511 13738 5493

8 NARAYANGANJ 476 14457 5895 20828 15577 12786 6200

9 NIWAS 790 7883 5554 14227 10287 7928 2969 Total 22036 105000 72217 199253 137772 100356 38581

Table no 41: Details of person days generated

a b c d E Cumulative Persondays generated (Till the Cumulative No. of Disabled reporting month) No. of HH beneficiary individuals SCs STs Others Total Women completed 100 days (Till the reporting month 109642 98883 114671 323196 162013 39 68 1692 164577 31855 198124 89684 5 172 4360 100327 48481 153168 55001 0 71 18632 246284 159235 424151 208911 28 426 16270 202556 61232 280058 125666 15 107 12162 188950 96839 297951 121856 18 77 93286 79491 231464 404241 221921 47 126 8722 263682 91384 363788 141417 41 271 9042 135555 68211 212808 91303 7 286 273808 1480305 903372 2657485 1217772 200 1604 Source : nrega.nic.in

54 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table no 42: Average time taken during various stages of FTO

Mandla Date of Date of Date of Date of Date of 2nd muster wagelist FTO second sign- sign-date of fill-date generation- generation- Date of FTO muster of date of Date of generation(N- closure(N-H) muster muster fill wagelist L) Stage 4 closure (J-I) Stage 2 generation (I-H) (L-J) Stage Stage 1 3

Mean 12.975 7.068966 14.18966 3.844828 32.24138 Median 13 3 2 0 23 Mode 15 3 0 0 18 Standard 4.434639 9.824534 19.40741 9.109089 15.98169 deviation

Three blocks/ GPs were visited during the field study. 2/3 GPs get the muster issued from JP 1 week prior to the start of work. All of them have fixed days for starting work but it is not so in the case of closure of muster at least in one GP. The Sub Engineers make a visit to the GPs at least once a week. Wage list is prepared 1-2 days after valuation and in 2/3 GPs, it is prepared from the GP. Valuation documents are submitted in JP after generating wage list. The time spent in JP by the GRS varies from ½ a day a week to 2 days a week. The purpose ranges from getting muster issued to sorting out technical problems. 2/3 complained that they are not able to log in easily to the website. Only in one case, the AAO and CEO are involved in the reporting structure. In the other two cases, the APO is the supervising authority. In one GP, in contrast to other GPs, phone is not the preferred mode of communication. The interaction with the JP officials happen largely in person. Again they are not clear as to whom to contact in case of technical snags.

The muster data as well as the present status show that stages 1 and 2 are the critical areas.

55 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Graph 9: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Mandla

Mandla 20 18.18 18 16 14.10 14 11.89 12 stage 1 10 8 6.09 stage2 6 5 3 stage 3 averageno ofdays 4 1.77 1.67 2 1.06 stage 4 0 Bijadandi Mandla Nainpur Stages Blockwise

Table No 43: Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 368 Wage list not generated within due date 115 Pending at the level of first signatory 12 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 18 Source: nrega.nic.in

2.2.12 Rajgarh

The population of as per 2011 census is 1,545,814. Of the 344,504 households in the district, 22 % have demanded work. Rs. 6631.61 lakhs have been spent on unskilled labour in the current financial year (till February 2017). The base line date for the study as mentioned above is June 20,2017. As on that date, out of Rs.1822.14 lakhs, involving 190287 transactions, Rs.1178.66 lakhs were delayed which implied a delay on 123514 transactions. On 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status), the delayed amount is Rs.2915.41 lakhs out of Rs.4625.85 lakhs leading to a lag of 63% in unskilled wage payments. Out of 621 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 497 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 17921. The labour engagement status of the district has been given in the tables below.

56 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table 44: Job card status in Rajgarh

1 2 3 4 5 6 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued No. of HH No. of HH HH jobcards (Till the reporting demanded provided working month) employment employment under SCs STs Others Total (Till the (Till the NREGA reporting reporting during month) month) the reporting month

1 BIAORA 5636 1420 23678 30734 11992 10072 2243

2 KHILCHIPUR 4013 752 35244 40009 16040 13512 3491

3 NARSINGHGARH 7862 1138 21900 30900 9696 6914 1978

4 RAJGARH 7017 1656 38091 46764 14857 12126 2087

5 SARANGPUR 4534 1473 12484 18491 8313 6745 2304

6 ZIRAPUR 8028 284 37482 45794 15653 13155 5019 Total 37090 6723 168879 212692 76551 62524 17122

Table 45: Details of Person days generated

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated (Till the Cumulative No. of No. of Disabled reporting month) HH completed 100 beneficiary SCs STs Others Total Women days (Till the individuals reporting month 81410 16752 382468 480630 202166 234 79 59300 9018 583037 651355 271580 1048 133 51013 7531 230974 289518 108971 220 116 97017 17431 488291 602739 264615 492 157 55832 22769 233723 312324 120845 308 137 94880 3159 507297 605336 244113 915 171 439452 76660 2425790 2941902 1212290 3217 793 Source: nrega.nic.in

Table 46: Average no of days taken at various stages

Rajgarh Date of Date of Date of Date of Date of 2nd muster wage list FTO second sign- sign-date of fill-date generation- generation- Date of FTO muster of date of Date of generation(N- closure(N-H) muster muster fill wagelist L) Stage 4 closure (J-I) Stage 2 generation (I-H) (L-J) Stage Stage 1 3

Mean 25.56818 11.75 5.522727 1.045455 43.88636 Median 16 4 0 0 31 Mode 13 4 0 0 20 Standard 17.58752 11.52374 10.46698 1.916326 27.53874 deviation

57 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Of the 46 musters examined, the average delay shown is around 44 days with a high standard deviation of 27.5. Stage 1 takes the maximum no of days followed by stage 2.

None of the GRSs knew of the 4 weeks time period to get muster issued. All of them claim to be starting work on a fixed day and have assigned a fixed day for closing the work also. Half of the respondents said that there was a fixed day for valuation. 3/4th of them prepare the wagelist 1-2 days after valuation. Wage list is prepared from the GP. There is a major discrepancy in their answers as at one point they say that the wage list is prepared 1-2 days after valuation and at other end they claim to be sending the wage list to the AAO on the day of valuation. Both statements cannot hold true. Half of them experience technical problems while sending wage list. They visit the JP mainly to submit valuation documents and the time frame may vary from 1/2 a day to 2 days a week. In case of discrepancy between the prepared wage list and valuation document, there is quite some confusion regarding the procedure to correct them. Interaction with the JP officials happens mainly over phone and through whats app.

Graph 10: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Rajgarh

Rajgarh 50 43.15 45 40 35 30 23 Stage 1 25 20 16.9 Stage 2 15 8.63 8 Stage 3

Average no ofAverage days 10 5.38 3.5 3.3 5 2 0.1 0.2 0.8 Stage 4 0 Jirapur Sarangpur Rajgarh Blockwise stages

The critical stages in the district seems to be stage 1, 2 and 4 as per the recent pendency status.

58 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table 47: Recent pendency status at various levels

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 314 Wage list not generated within due date 240 Pending at the level of first signatory 0 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 186 Source: nrega.nic.in

2.2.13 Ratlam

The population of Ratlam as per 2011 census is 1,455,069. Of the 295,172 households in the district, 21% have demanded work. Rs.4361.38 lakhs have been spent on unskilled labour in the current financial year (till February 2017). The base line date for the study as mentioned above is June 20,2017. As on that date, out of Rs.1415.26 lakhs involving 141349 transactions, Rs. 724.80 lakhs were delayed which implied a delay on 81863 transactions. On 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status), the delayed amount is Rs.1601.17 lakhs out of Rs.3361.07 lakhs leading to a lag of 49% in unskilled wage payments. Out of 418 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 332 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 9405. The labour engagement status of the district has been given in the tables below.

Table 48: Details of job card status

1 2 3 4 5 6 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of HH S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued No. of HH No. of HH working jobcards (Till the reporting month) demanded provided under SCs STs Others Total employment employment NREGA (Till the (Till the during the reporting reporting reporting month) month) month

1 ALOT 7232 231 19507 26970 13611 12616 3335

2 BAJNA 19899 7459 1153 28511 16060 11371 1456

3 JAORA 5576 882 9628 16086 7172 6390 2168

4 PIPLODA 2915 3550 6023 12488 5797 4412 759

5 RATLAM 6033 3604 7163 16800 9094 7664 1462

6 SAILANA 3414 13683 1772 18869 8829 7058 742 Total 45069 29409 45246 119724 60563 49511 9922

Table 49: Details of person days generated

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated(Till the Cumulative No. of Disabled beneficiary reporting month) No. of HH individuals SCs STs Others Total Women completed 100 days (Till the

59 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

reporting month 173323 4620 535087 713030 176588 327 54 278660 133168 21290 433118 194560 197 133 110095 17468 222336 349899 89453 638 19 40921 35863 60761 137545 48493 88 38 101976 69725 194551 366252 136564 81 92 34273 195063 17362 246698 114361 75 51 739248 455907 1051387 2246542 760019 1406 387 Source: nrega.nic.in

60 musters were looked into in total in Ratlam and an average delay of 47 days was found in the case of delayed musters in the selected timeframe. The maximum time frame was observed in the stage 3 with a standard deviation of 29.8 days and stage 1 also took up around 12 days on an average.

Table 50: Average no of days taken in various stages

Ratlam Date of Date of Date of Date of Date of 2nd muster wagelist FTO second sign- sign-date of fill-date generation- generation- Date of FTO muster of date of Date of generation(N- closure(N-H) muster muster fill wagelist L) Stage 4 closure (J-I) Stage 2 generation (I-H) (L-J) Stage Stage 1 3

Mean 12.86667 0.416667 26.18333 7.583333 47.05 Median 12 0 4.5 1 37 Mode 5 0 0 1 24 Standard deviation 9.190022 1.124333 29.81155 8.774562 21.77499

The recent data shows maximum pendency at stage 1. The data from the field suggests that none of the GRSs adhered to the four week norm in getting musters issued from the JP. All of them had fixed days for starting the work and only 3/4th of them had days fixed for ending the work. Only in half the cases, the Sub- Engineer had a proper schedule for GP visits. Again half of the Sub engineers paid at least two visits a week to a GP, which seemed to be on the higher side. Wage lists were filled up from the GPs after 1-2 days of valuation in 3/4 cases. Valuation documents are sent to the JP prior to wage list in half the cases. The time spent in JP varies from half a day a week to two days a week. And the main reason for going to the JP seem to be to submit the

60 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

valuation documents. 3/4 GRSs complained of problems while logging into the mgnrega website. The major monitoring authority, seem to be the AAO in all cases and the CEO in 3/4 of the cases. Interaction happens on a personal basis as well as over phone in 3/4 cases. The frequency of interaction varies from daily to weekly basis.

Graph11: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Ratlam

Ratlam 50 46.58 45.5 45 40 35 30 26.13 22.25 Stage 1 25 19 20 Stage 2 15 12.65 9.14 8.25 Stage 3

Average no ofAverage days 10 2.88 5 0.5 0 0 0 1.08 0.5 1.25 Stage 4 0 Ratlam Piploda Jaora Aalot Stages blockwise

Stage 1 and 3 seems to be the most critical areas as per the old and new delay levels.

Table 51: Recent pendency status No of muster rolls not filled in due date 80 Wage list not generated within due date 37 Pending at the level of first signatory 35 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 45 Source: nrega.nic.in

2.2.14 Sagar

The population of as per 2011 census is 2,378,458. Of the 514,608 households in the district, 13% have demanded work. Rs. 4122.7 lakhs have been spent on unskilled labour in the current financial year (till February 2017). The base line date for the study as mentioned above is June 20,2017. As on that date, out of Rs. 875.66 lakhs involving 92458 transactions, Rs. 627.23 lakhs were delayed which implied a delay on 66306 transactions. On 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status) the delayed amount is Rs. 1745.90 lakhs out of Rs. 2504.70

61 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

lakhs leading to a lag of 70% in unskilled wage payments. Out of 755 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 692 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 23153. The labour engagement status of the district has been given in the tables below. Table 52: Details of job card status

1 2 3 4 5 6 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of HH S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued No. of HH No. of HH working jobcards (Till the reporting demanded provided under month) employment employment NREGA SCs STs Others Total (Till the (Till the during the reporting reporting reporting month) month) month

1 BANDA 2462 3870 14074 20406 8179 5701 865

2 BINA 1784 2471 5087 9342 2976 1319 399

3 DEORI 4734 4537 13120 22391 4761 2968 724

4 JAISINAGAR 3566 2029 11595 17190 5846 3394 993

5 KESLI 3593 4129 8366 16088 5505 3682 569

6 KHURAI 2631 2125 5906 10662 5146 3907 894

7 MALTHONE 2579 3040 11017 16636 8317 5622 1125

8 RAHATGARH 3879 3618 15748 23245 6261 4572 1079

9 REHLI 2753 4435 16325 23513 10546 7309 2371

10 SAGAR 2612 6485 17321 26418 7742 4763 1394

11 SHAHGARH 1561 2183 6663 10407 2395 1472 226 Total 32154 38922 125222 196298 67674 44709 10639

Table 53: Details of person days generated a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated(Till the Cumulative No. of No. of Disabled reporting month) HH completed beneficiary individuals SCs STs Others Total Women 100 days (Till the reporting month 19189 40327 166716 226232 70032 178 26 7478 10818 22457 40753 12867 19 5 28514 25757 58630 112901 46166 74 26 21226 14488 76280 111994 35696 65 9 29048 35145 60069 124262 46928 78 6 29771 27135 92764 149670 56139 120 7 41265 42738 151781 235784 77941 280 20 34979 32383 140970 208332 68457 112 48 21419 47909 161601 230929 91340 125 28 16036 40348 107235 163619 50866 47 110 5902 9556 33840 49298 20609 31 13 254827 326604 1072343 1653774 577041 1129 298

Source: nrega.nic.in

The analysis of musters show a delay of around 35 days with stage 1 and stage 3 consuming around 15 days and 13 days respectively.

62 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table 54: Average no of days taken in various stages

Sagar Date of Date of Date of Date of Date of muster wage list FTO second sign- 2nd sign- fill-date generation- generation- Date of FTO date of of date of Date of generation(N- muster muster muster fill wage list L) Stage 4 closure(N- closure (J-I) Stage 2 generation H) (I-H) (L-J) Stage Stage 1 3 mean 14.80488 10.71429 13.24 1.78 35.4 median 16 0 1.5 1 31 mode 16 0 1 0 25 standard 7.836516 20.15461 19.24658 2.073054 17.4274 deviation

3/4 GPs get the muster issued 2 days prior to the work. All of them have fixed days for starting the work but only 3/4 have fixed days for ending the work. Similarly 3/4 claim to have fixed schedule for valuation of work where the sub-engineer visits the GPs twice in a week. All of them fill up the wage list after valuation and enter attendance after 1-2 days after valuation. all of them fill up the wage list from the GP. 3/4 submit the valuation documents after filling up the wage list. Time spent in the JP varies from one day a week to 3 days a week. APO seems to be the main monitoring authority and the frequency of interaction with the JP happens once in a week to once in two days. As per the recent figures , the critical areas in the district seem to be stage 2, 1, 4 and 3 in the same order.

Table 55: Recent pendency status No of muster rolls not filled in due date 236 Wage list not generated within due date 312 Pending at the level of first signatory 81 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 99 Source: nrega.nic.in

Stages 2 and 1 seem to be taking maximum time as per the recent pendency status.

63 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Graph 12: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Sagar

Sagar 45 41.67 40 35 30 23.5 24 25 20.33 Stage 1 20 Stage 2 15 10.35 10 7.33 6.73 7.56 Stage 3 Average no ofAverage days 4.5 4.33 5.47 2.13 5 1.067 0.087 0.671.22 Stage 4 0 Shahgarh Sagar Malthone Banda Stages Blockwise

2.2.15 Shadol

Shahdol has a population of 1,066,063 as per the 2011 census. The total number of households are 249,982 of which 34.68% households have demanded work. June 20, 2016 was the base lined date for the study. On June 20, 2016, of the Rs.326.23 lakhs to be disbursed through 33719 transactions, Rs.213.23 lakhs were delayed which involved 22219 transactions. As on 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status), the pending amount is Rs.871.28 lakhs out of a total of Rs.1839.33 lakhs leading to a lag of 48 % in payments. Out of 391 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 371 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 57,156.

Table No: 56 Details on job cards in Shadol

1 2 3 4 6 7 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued No. of HH No. of HH HH jobcards (Till the reporting demanded provided working month) employment employment under SCs STs Others Total (Till the (Till the NREGA reporting reporting during month) month) the reporting month

1 BEOHARI 6001 11534 12266 29801 10782 6221 2439

2 5639 22465 11683 39787 24958 16893 7879

3 GOHPARU 2830 16404 6382 25616 18418 12521 7568

64 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

4 7417 14096 13455 34968 18796 13321 7181

5 SOHAGPUR 5089 15945 8501 29535 13742 9974 4683 Total 26976 80444 52287 159707 86696 58930 29750

Table No: 57 Details on person days in Shadol

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated (Till the reporting month) Cumulative No. of SCs STs Others Total Women No. of HH Disabled completed 100 beneficiary days (Till the individuals reporting month 37818 64463 38050 140331 66800 98 62 55752 259335 103700 418787 191860 180 223 43490 255665 70327 369482 195751 254 141 80409 168560 95587 344556 180012 268 606 53773 177316 44949 276038 146771 142 304 271242 925339 352613 1549194 781194 942 1336 Source: nrega.nic.in

A total of 62 musters were tracked in Shadol. The average time taken by various stages are given in the table below. Stage 3 seems to take the maximum time. The delay can happen at the level of the GRS or the AAO. Similarly stage 1 also takes an average of 18 days. As on date, the pendency status at various levels are given below. Interaction with the field level staff gave a very diverse picture.

Table 58: Average period at various stages of the muster

Shadol Date of Date of Date of FTO Date of Date of 2nd muster fill- wage list generation- second sign- sign-date of date of generation- Date of Date of FTO muster muster date of wage list generation(N- closure(N-H) closure (I- muster fill generation L) Stage 4 H) Stage 1 (J-I) Stage 2 (L-J) Stage 3

Mean 18.05 5.666667 28.36667 0.65 52.73333 median 14 7 28 1 42 mode 24 7 32 1 35 Standard 13.20943 3.721976 24.52668 0.480995 25.61042 deviation

65 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

As per the data from the field, none of the GRSs were aware of the circular asking them to get muster rolls issued four weeks in advance. All of them start work and end it on fixed days. The SEs have a fixed day for valuation and they visit the GPs atleast once a week. All of them fill up the wage list only after valuation. Half of them fill it up from the JP and do it after 2 days of valuation. There is no standard procedure adopted for sending the valuation documents. Half of them send it before sending the wage list and half after it. They go to the JP due to problems with internet connection in the GP. The procedure adopted for verification is not clear.

The GRSs at one point say that verification is not a regular process but they do maintain that, they fill up the wage list only after verification, which happens two days after valuation. They spend 1-3 days in JP with regard to a particular muster. Though they mainly go to the JP for submission of valuation documents and getting musters issued, due to technical problems they have to remain in JP for online works. On pendency, 3 of them are answerable to AAO, APO and CEO and the main mode of communication is through phone and whatsapp. Interaction with JP staff varies from daily basis to weekly once.

Two of the GRSs get to know about the rejected FTOs from the MIS reports where as the other two get their information from Janpad. With regards to reasons for rejection, 2 of them claimed that they get to know the reason while the other two replied in the negative. In case of problems with bank accounts, all of them intimate the beneficiary in person.

Table 60: Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 176 Wage list not generated within due date 192 Pending at the level of first signatory 10 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 22 Source: nrega.nic.in

66 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Graph 13: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Shadol

Shahdol

40 35.27 35 30 23.47 24.24 25 21.44 21.18 Stage 1 20 17.74 16.2816.75 13.47 15 12.67 Stage 2 10 5.61 Stage 3 4.22 2.96 5 2.34 0.88 Average numbner Average ofdays 0 Stage 4 0 JaisinghNagar Gohparu Burhar Beohari Stages Blockwise

2.2.16 Singrauli

The population of as per 2011 census is 1,178,273. Of the 242,631 households in the district, 28% have demanded work. Rs. 4433.2 lakhs have been spent on unskilled labour in the current financial year (till February 2017). The base line date for the study as mentioned above is June 20,2017. As on that date, out of Rs. 957.24 lakhs involving 104747 transactions, Rs. 713.37 lakhs were delayed which implied a delay on 78351 transactions. On 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status), the delayed amount is Rs. 1745.90 lakhs out of Rs. 2504.70 lakhs leading to a lag of 70% in unskilled wage payments. Out of 316 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 233 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of15118. The labour engagement status of the district has been given in the tables below.

Table 60: Details of job card status 1 2 3 4 5 6 a b c d Cumulative Cumulative No. of HH S.No Block Cumulative No. of HH issued No. of HH No. of HH working jobcards (Till the reporting demanded provided under month) employment employment NREGA SCs STs Others Total (Till the (Till the during the reporting reporting reporting month) month) month

1 CHITRANGI 12260 18662 25480 56402 27528 20610 4380

2 DEOSAR 11948 13104 22589 47641 26673 21968 4511

67 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

3 WAIDHAN 7765 14265 27214 49244 14741 10762 2764 Total 31973 46031 75283 153287 68942 53340 11655

Table 61: No of person days generated

a b c d e Cumulative Person days generated(Till the Cumulative No. of Disabled beneficiary reporting month) No. of HH individuals SCs STs Others Total Women completed 100 days (Till the reporting month 178493 257586 356861 792940 352229 635 565 171858 196349 357470 725677 302339 375 109 56277 121557 191137 368971 162725 188 43 406628 575492 905468 1887588 817293 1198 717 Source: nrega.nic.in 55 musters were taken for analysis. Data for stage 1 in 4 musters were not available. The average time taken by delayed musters in Singrauli is 34 days with a standard deviation of 34 days and the maximum time has happened in stage 3 followed by stage 1.

As per the recent status, the pendency at stage 4 seem to be the highest. Singrauli presents a mixed picture and it is difficult to pin point the critical stages where delay happens.

Table 62: Average time taken by the musters at various stages Singrauli Date of Date of Date of Date of Date of 2nd muster wagelist FTO second sign- sign-date of fill-date generation- generation- Date of FTO muster of date of Date of generation(N- closure(N-H) muster muster fill wagelist L) Stage 4 closure (J-I) Stage 2 generation (I-H) (L-J) Stage Stage 1 3

Mean 11.76471 8.8 15.01818 0.563636 34.43636 Median 11 2 5 0 27 Mode 4 1 0 0 22 Standard 6.706976 10.02478 17.83929 0.687552 16.41675 deviation

68 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Table 63: Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 54 Wage list not generated within due date 63 Pending at the level of first signatory 77 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 249 Source: nrega.nic.in

Graph 14: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Shadol

Singrauli 25 19.62 20 16.97 17.12 15 Stage 1 9.88 10 Stage 2 Stage 3 Average no ofAverage days 5 2.35 1.34 Stage 4 0 Waidhan Deosar Stages Blockwise

The interview schedules from the field suggest that the GRSs get the musters issued 2 days prior to work. All of them have fixed days for starting work where as only one of them have a fixed day for ending work. All of them claimed about sub-engineers visiting them once a week with a fixed schedule for valuation. In all the sample GPs attendance as well as wage list is prepared one to two days after valuation. 2/3 do it from the GP itself. All of them submit the valuation documents after sending the wage list and 2/3 find technical problems while generating wage list. All of them spend one day a week in JP and 2/3 go to the JP for submitting valuation documents. AAO and CEO are the main monitoring authorities and interaction with the JP officials happen once in a week over phone and in person.

69 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

2.2.17 Tikamgarh

As per the 2011 census Tikamgarh has a population of 1,445,166. The total number of households is 295,483 of which 14% households have demanded work. June 20, 2016 was the base lined date for the study. On June 20, 2016, of the Rs. 640.61 lakhs to be disbursed through 66396 transactions, Rs. 508.78 lakhs were delayed which involved 52834 transactions. As on 28th January 2017 (which is the final date frozen for current status) the pending amount is Rs. 2195.85 lakhs out of a total of Rs. 2792.07 lakhs leading to a lag of 79% in payments. Out of 459 Gram Panchayats, works are in progress in 359 Gram Panchayats and unskilled labour engagement is to the tune of 12134. Table No:64 Details on job cards in Tikamgarh

S.N Block Cumulative No. of HH issued Cumulative Cumulative No. of o jobcards (Till the reporting No. of HH No. of HH HH month) demanded provided working SCs STs Other Total employmen employmen under s t (Till the t (Till the NREGA reporting reporting during month) month) the reportin g month 1 BALDEOGA 1023 5271 4134 1075

RH

2 JATARA 1847 5966 14458 22271 12290 10566 3653

3 NIWARI 1211 2132 6331 9674 4725 3946 1375

4 PALERA 3563 2231 9479 15273 8125 6937 2667

5 PRITHVIPUR 1019 2734 9434 13187 5621 4099 1047 6 TIKAMGAR 1825 972 5628 8425 4962 3824 1216

H Total 10488 16108 53934 80530 40994 33506 11033

Table No: 65 Details on person days in Tikamgarh

Cumulative Person days generated (Till the reporting month) Cumulative No. of SCs STs Others Total Women No. of HH Disabled completed 100 beneficiary days (Till the individuals reporting month 15027 33354 153290 201671 85550 280 70 58939 162338 432527 653804 265600 1668 18 24014 51289 158088 233391 97241 333 109 74252 37538 199583 311373 111698 333 54 14254 39757 147151 201162 87774 222 40 32045 20787 146396 199228 88510 309 20 218531 345063 1237035 1800629 736373 3145 311

70 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

A total of 62 musters were tracked end to end. The table shows the average number of days needed to complete each stage of FTO/muster roll. An average of 29 days was taken in the case of delayed musters for the whole process. Maximum time was taken in stage 4 closely followed by stage 1. But the standard deviation in both cases is above 34. Table 66: Average no of days taken at various stages of FTO

Tikamgarh Date of Date of wage Date of FTO Date of Date of 2nd muster list generation- second sign- sign-date of fill-date of generation- Date of wage Date of FTO muster muster date of list generation generation(N closure(N-H) closure (I- muster fill (L-J) Stage 3 -L) Stage 4 H) Stage 1 (J-I) Stage 2

Mean 28.83 4.28 14.55 31.83 28.83 Median 17.5 1 9 11 17.5 Mode 3 0 3 62 3 Standard 34.83 6.94 16.31 34.21 34.83 Deviation

Jatara and Prithvipur shows high variation in stages and the average time taken to process an FTO/ muster seems to be 29 days. As per our frozen date, the pendency at various levels are in table 67.

Graph 15: Average no of days taken in each stage in various blocks of Tikamgarh

Tikamgarh 66.19 70 62.4 60 50

40 Stage 1 30 Stage 2 17.9 17.9 14.58 20 14.25 Stage 3 109.75 9.46 10.45 8.3 10.8 10 4.8 Average number Average of days 0 0.35 2.7 Stage 4 0 Baldeogarh Jatara Prithvipur Tikamgarh Stages Blockwise

71 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

As per the data from the field, none of the GRSs knew of the four week time frame for getting muster issued from the JP. Though there is a fixed day for starting the work, in one GP the day for closure of muster is not fixed. In 2 GPs the SEs have a fixed tour programme. Regarding the visit of the SE, there is quite some variation here, with one SE visiting 2 the GP two times a week and the another restricting himself to once in two weeks. All the GRSs fill up the wage list only after valuation. One of them takes almost 6 days to fill up the wage list after valuation. 3/4 fill up the wage list from the JP and 2 out of four submit the valuation documents before filling up the wagelist. Once again there is no clarity about the process of verification. Half of the sampled GRSs spend over 3 days a week in JP. Their reasons are also quite varied. Again APO is the supervising authority of GRSs here in 3/4 cases. Their interaction with the JP officials occur mostly in person and over the phone in most cases. All of them get to know the reason for rejection of FTOs and there seems to be no established protocol for handing over valuation documents.

Table 67: Recent pendency status

No of muster rolls not filled in due date 260 Wage list not generated within due date 148 Pending at the level of first signatory 175 Pending at the level of 2nd signatory 219 Source: nrega.nic.in

72 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

2.3 Consolidated trends

As per the district profiles given in the previous section, delays have been identified in the following stages. Depending upon the magnitude of the delay the gradient of the colour changes.

Table 68: Delays identified in the chosen districts

District Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 1. Alirajpur 1( 20 days) 2 (16days) 3 (11 days) 3 2. Balaghat* 1 3 2 3. Betul 2 (13 days) 2 1( 26 days) 3(8days) 4. Chhatarpur* 1 (28 days) 2 (22 days) 1(42 days) 5. Chhindwara 2 (8 days) 3 1 (13 days) 2 6. Datia 1 ( 21 days) 2 7. Dhar 2 (27 days) 1(36 days) 3 (8days) 3 8. Dindori 1(15 days) 2 ( 9 days) 3 9. Harda 1(30 days) 2 (15 days) 3 (9 days) 10. Jhabua 1(37 days) 3 (4 days) 2(24 days) 3 11. Mandla 2 (13 days) 3 (7 days) 1( 14 days) 12. Rajgarh 1(26 days) 2 (12 days) 3 (6days) 3 13. Ratlam 2 (13 days) 3 1 (26 days) 3(8 days) 14. Sagar 1 (15 days) 3 (11 days) 2 (13 days) 4 15. Shadol 2(18 days) 3(6 days) 1(28 days) 16. Singrauli 2 (12 days) 3(9 days) 1(15days) 1 17. Tikamgarh 2 (29 days) 4 3(16 days) 1(32 days)

1.Maximum delay 3. Third in delay

2. Second most delay 4. Fourth in delay

* In Balaghat and Chhatarpur, there were problems with the data and hence delay in days could not be calculated properly.

2.3.1 Stage 1

Variables involved

 Closure of muster  Issuance of muster  Work ending on fixed day

Before starting a work, the GP shall inform the PO, so that the PO can issue the required muster rolls. The muster rolls should be authorized by PO and issued to GPs

73 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

and other implementing agencies within three days from the date they declare their intent to start works. E-musters have pre-printed names of workers who have demanded employment. Only in exceptional cases can paper muster rolls be used.

Rule as per circular: Wherever possible GPs can get muster issued from the JP four weeks prior to the work.

Response of GRS on getting muster issued from JP

Graph 16: When to get muster issued

8% Muster should be issued during 18% work 12% Muster should be issued two days prior to work Muster should be issued one week prior to work Muster should be issued four 62% weeks prior to work

On the field it was found that majority of musters were shown to be issued two days prior to the beginning of the work and 18% musters were issued during work. This is usually done to accommodate even the late entrants. But as we have seen in 8/17 cases, the major delay is in stage 1. Advance issuance of musters could be opted to stem delay in this stage. 87% respondents admitted to having fixed days for closure of muster. But only 61% told that the sub-engineers have a scheduled day for visiting the GP for valuation.

56% of the Sub- Engineers visit the GP once in a week. The question that remains is the day on which the visit is paid. In an ideal situation, the engineer should be visiting the GP, the next day after the work ends.

74 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Graph 17: Frequency of Sub-Engineer visit to GP

2% 2% 6% Twice a week

34% Once a week

Biweekly

Once in three weeks 56% Other

As the answers to these questions could be fudged, a calculation based on the day of the visit was done and the result showed that 81% of the GPs do not have a fixed schedule for valuation. As the sub-engineer is not included in the loop of the software, it is difficult to identify the exact date on which valuation was done. On ground, the GRS fill up the e-muster only after valuation. The figures (Graphs 18 and 19) show the interval between work ending and valuation.

Graph 18 :Interval beween work Graph 19 :Marking attendance in ending and valuation the website

40 36 60 52 35 50 30 25 22 40 20 30 15 20

10 4 No ofresponses No 5 10 6 3 0 0 No schedule Within 2 After 2 days days After 1-2 After 3-4 After 5-6 After one days of days of days of week of Valuation valuation valuation valuation valuation

As mentioned above, curiously, the attendance of the labour is also filled in the e- muster after valuation almostly simultaneous with the wage list. Normally filling up of attendance in the portal should be done before valuation. By doing it after valuation, it

75 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

also becomes contingent on the time of valuation. 70% of the GRSs fill up the wage list from the GPs. Only 32% submit the valuation documents before sending the wage list. If the valuation documents are not sent on time, the AAO has to wait for the valuation documents to prepare the FTOs. This entails a delay in that stage also.

59% of the GRSs send the Graph 2: When is wage list sent to JP wage list after 2 days of On the day of valuation valuation and so any delay in Within two days of valuation Within 5 days of valuation valuation again affects the

5% whole process. The sub Engineers have a large no of 36% GPs to cater to. The least no

59% of GPs allotted to a particular Engineer is 7 and the maximum being 25. The average no of GPs and the deviation in the allocation has been captured in the table 70. FIs in the project had a tough time getting access to MB. The whole stage surrounding valuation is not clear as the sub-engineer as on date is out of the loop of the software. The number of GPs the engineers are able to visit on a particular day are also given below.

2.3.2 Stage 2

Date of wage list generation - Date of data entry (muster fill). Both the stages can either be carried out by the GRS or by the computer operator.

Variables involved:

 Valuation by sub-engineer  Wagelist preparation  Technical issues

76 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Average no of GPs allotted to a Sub- Graph 21: No of GPs covered in Engineer one day by Sub-Engineer Table 70 35 33 Mean 11.19048 28 30 Median 10 25 Mode 10 20 standard deviation 4.223044 15 10 5 2 81% of the Sub- engineers replied that 0 they normally go for valuation 1-2 days One Two More than Two after the closure of muster. But the figures above speak otherwise and hence it becomes imminent to put the sub-engineer also into the loop of the software.

2.3.2.1 Other problems

48% of GRSs admitted to having problems while generating wage list and they are as listed below. The question was kept open ended so that maximum answers could be captured. Of the answers that were received, the problems were categorized as per their frequency. Their list is given below.

1. Server issues 2. Infrastructural problems like power cuts 3. Unavailability of bank account numbers of the beneficiary.

Another issue that emerged out of Graph 22: Time spent by GRSs in JP discussions with the GRSs during 30 28 the pilot study was the amount of 25 time that they had to spent outside 20 GP and so a question was asked to 15 12 13 them on the amount of time spent 10 10 in JP on an average in a week.

5 Interestingly 41% went the JP for

0 all the reasons mentioned in the Half day in a One day in Two days in More than graph. 8% did not mention the week a week a week 3 days in a week option of submitting valuation

77 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

documents at all. But the main reason for visiting the JP seems to be for submitting valuation documents followed by technical reasons and getting musters issued. Their frequencies have been given in the graph 24 .

As technical problems emerged to be a major reason for spending time in JP, it was but natural to look into the operational issues regarding the software. 35% of the GRSs have expressed problems to log in. And as per the inputs received during our discussions with the technical staff, the website is designed to cater to 7000 log ins simultaneously and so if GRSs who number over 22000 try to log in at the same time, technical issues could occur. Solutions for the same should come from the level of development.

Graph 23:Main reasons for going to JP 70 58 60

50 42 40 36 34

30 No ofpeople No 20

10 2 0 For getting Wagelist Submitting Technical reasons Others muster issued preparation Valuation documents

The next aspect to be looked into is the monitoring mechanisms. An ideal mechanism is given in the flow chart below.

78 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Monitoring Mechanism

CEO ZP

CEO JP

AE AAO APO

SE SE GRS GRS

But different districts follow different patterns. 3 of the cases showed direct monitoring by the CEO JP of GRS. But the maximum role seems to be that of APO who is actually out of the whole software process. AAO also does monitoring as he/ she is in the direct line of contact with the GRS.

Graph 24: Monitoring authorities of GRS Graph 25: Monitoring authorities of 50 Sub- Engineers 38 39 40 60 30 24 40 20 20

No ofGRS No 0 10 0 ofGRS Number APO AAO CEO Monitoring Authority Monitoring Authority

79 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

When monitoring mechanisms were looked into, the frequency of interaction and mode of communication were also factored in. Phone seems to be the preferred mode of communication and there are whats app groups involving various sections. GRSs also said that as they had to visit the JP for various reasons, interactions on a personal basis also happened. Structured interactions in the form of review or reporting happen mostly on a weekly basis.

The following graphs (27 and 28) show the mode and frequency of interaction of JP with GRS.

Graph 26: Mode of interaction 60 55 50 41 40 28 30

No ofGRS No 20 10 7 7 0 Whatsapp Phone Letter eMail In person Mode of interaction

Graph 27: Frequency of interaction of GRS with JP

40 36 35 30 25 20

No ofGRS No 15 11 9 10 6 5 0 Daily Once in two days Once in three days Once in a week Time

80 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

The main issues highlighted by the GRSs regarding the challenges that they face have been collated from the open ended section in the end of the interview schedule. They are listed below. 1. Problems with connectivity and server. 2. Delay in valuation 3. Paper work in JP 4. Work overload due to work from other Departments 5.Unavailability of muster on time 6. Confusion from Aadhar based payments 7. Freezing of accounts of beneficiary 9. Issues with bank

All the bank related problems have been taken up in the section relating to DBT.

2.3.3 Stage 3

Variables involved:

 Wage list generation  Submission of valuation documents  Net accessibility

When asked how long after the Graph 28:When is FTO generated? receipt of the wage list is the FTO generated, the majority of the AAOs 0% 0% Same day of (55 out of 63) surveyed, answered wage list correctly, picking the first two 26% After 1 day of wage list options. The first two options denote After 2 days of the timeline mandated by Central wage list 74% government for FTO generation. The After 3 days of wage list respondents were almost equally split between after sending the wage list(11%) and before sending the wage list (38%) when asked about the timing of the submission of wage list verification documents to the Block office. This signifies a fair degree of confusion among the AAOs about the timelines. There need to be clarity regarding the process and timelines of FTO generation.

81 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

The next issue to be looked into was the communication modes of the AAo with the GRS as they have to interact very closely throughout the process.

Graph 29: Modes of communication with When asked what was the GRS means of communication 57 adopted in instances where the 60 Phone 33 40 27 e-Mail wage list verification 20 10 9 Whatsapp documents were not received 0 In person on-time, the majority of the Responses Other AAOs relied overwhelmingly on telephonic communication. Whats App and in-person communication are also commonly used by them to do follow up of pending musters.

While probing the details of follow up, once the main medium was understood, the frequency of interaction was also looked into. When asked how many times, the AAOs

Graph 30: Frequency of contacting GRS 45 41 40 35 30 25 20 15 15 10 4 5 2 0 Once Twice More than twice No response

had to contact the GRSs in case of errors in the wagelist, the majority of the officials indicated that it was more than two times. This indicates an inefficient use of the official’s time in following-up with junior officials and tracking the documents involved in the MGNREGA payment process.

The next question pertained to the problems arising while generating FTO. Over 83% of responses pointed towards problems while generating FTO. Then the problems experienced by them were mapped and figure 31 shows the nature of problems.

82 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Graph 31: Nature of problems faced while preparing FTO 60 52 50

40

30

20 9 10 1 0 Technical Other No Response

Majority of the AAOs said they were monitored every day or once in 2 days in the event of pendency in FTOs. This also indicates the amount of time and effort spent by officials in following-up about the progress of each stage in the MGNREGA payment process.

The problems faced by the AAOs were discussed in detail and the following issues emerged to be the main setbacks in the system.

1. Problems related to network and working of the portal 2. Wage list not being sent by the GRS on time 3. Valuation documents not submitted on time 4. Beneficiary bank accounts not updated 5. Slow pace of aadhar seeding of bank accounts. Of the total 7, 698827 active workers though 6948626 no of aadhar cards have been seeded only 1625017 have been moved to aadhar based payments.

83 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

2.3.4 Stage 4

Being the second highest in the hierarchy at district the first question posed was on the monitoring frequency. 76% of them said that they do monitoring on a daily basis and in the case of instances where there is no other delay the FTOs are signed mostly within two days. The details are given in graph 32.

Graph 32: When do you sign the FTO after it is generated?

50 40 30 44 20 10 11

No ofresponses No 9 0 1 Same day within one day in two days more than two days Options

When queried about the kind of delays that can happen at their stage, 91% blamed technical problems. Interestingly only 70% of them knew about fund availability at the level of banks while signing the FTO. As they go for digital signature, when queried as to when do they apply for digital signature in the event of expiry, only 10% applied for new signature prior to expiry.

The main issues that emerged at this stage was server being down and the lack of speed of the portal.

2.4 Problems during DBT

2.4.1 Issues and challenges at the level of Banks

Amongst the musters selected for end to end analysis, time taken at stage 5 and stage 6 were marked out to find out the average time taken.

84 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Stage5- It is the time taken to get the amount debited from the nodal bank after the second signatory signs the FTO.

Stage 6- It is the time taken since debit from the nodal bank to the first credit in a any beneficiary's account whose name is in the muster.

We saw that the average time taken is around 3 days in stage 5 and around 1.1 days in stage 6.

Musters from all Stage 5 Stage 6 selected districts Second sign on FTO- Debit date- credit debit date date Mean 2.983133 1.063939 Median 2 0 Mode 2 0 Standard 4.260503 2.198718 Deviation

The performance of the banking sector in the recent years witnessed certain problems. More than 26000 FTOs of 2016-17, with 244232 transactions are pending to be processed by Bank. Nearly 6000 FTOs are pending for more than a month.

A workshop was organized under the auspices of MGNREGS, Madhya Pradesh for bankers to evolve strategies for making disbursement of funds in direct benefit Transfer schemes in better way. Around 1 crore beneficiaries have been brought into the AADHAR enabled system in MP. Crores of transactions are being conducted through banks and the average delay calculated in 30,000 transactions was around 4 .5 days whereas the banking norms have placed a time frame of 24 hours. Problems and challenges of DBT was discussed at length here and the following problems were identified.

a. Delays in FTO Processing. b. Delays in response sharing after processing of FTOs c. Wrong response in some cases. d. Credited in wrong accounts. e. Processed but not credited. f. Bulk rejections. g. Multiple credit of same transaction. h. Improper credit/UTR details i. Rejections with Improper reasons

85 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

j. Transactions on HOLD. k. Worker account inactivation l. Fund transfer in non-CBS system like post office, CCB. m. Less progress of ADHAAR enabled payment n. Poor progress of PMJDY for individual accounts i.e. single account in a family for all members o. Limited disbursal of Rupay Debit/Credit Cards in rural areas p. Poor network of ATMs, Limited access of BCs. q. Cash disbursal & cash less system in rural areas

The following points emerged as part of the discussions around the above set of problems.

 Aadhar linking process has been quite slow. AADHAR seeding of bank accounts have been very slow. Of the 7029650 bank accounts which have been AADHAR seeded, only 1,78,6122 workers have been converted into AADHAR based payment. (as on January 28, 2017). There are 2060173 joint accounts and hence getting the right bank account of the beneficiary which is AADHAR seeded in NPCI is a problem. NPCI acts a common data base for all the banks.  Late response from user bank is normally taken by NPCI as positive response.  There is a credit limit in the case of Jan Dhan Yojana. Jan Dhan accounts so it get frozen due to incomplete KYC. Similarly banks do not have a standard time frame for freezing inactive accounts.  Many banks are still not aware of the incentives given by the Govt for disbursement of DB. Banks need to change their product code in order to avail the incentive of disbursement given by the GOI.  There is no public domain to know the status of transaction status of NPCI. As on date they do not have an UTR and if any investigation need to be done the RRA number, which is their internal numbering system.  Banks face problems when the amount comes back to them from the beneficiary bank. Due to the change in the UTR no: they are not able to trace the funds back to the FTO. NEFT protocol need to be seen in this regard.  In the case delayed failure report, proper referencing is not there which makes reconciliation impossible.

86 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

3. Findings as per objectives

Objectives Corresponding Findings 1. To mark out the The various stages of FTO has been broken down into 6 various stages of FTO stages. The details of the same is given in the introduction.

2. To find out if Issuance of muster: 1. On the field it was found that majority guidelines are being of musters were shown to be issued two days prior to the adhered to at various beginning of the work and 18% issued musters during work. stages. 2. 81 % of the GPs do not have a fixed schedule for valuation. 3. The attendance of the labour is also filled in the e-muster

after valuation mostly simultaneous with the wage list which entails a delay in stage 1 and 2. 3. To identify time lags in each stage Table 69 shows the lags in each stage. a. How much lag is there? As far as the banking sector is concerned, more than 26000 FTOs of 2016-17, with 244232 transactions are pending to be processed by Bank. Nearly 6000 FTOs are pending for more than a month. b. What kind of lags 48% of GRSs admitted to having problems while generating are seen? wage list and they are as listed below. i. Procedural ii. Technical 1. Server issues 2. Infrastructural problems like power cuts iii. Others 3. Unavailability of bank account numbers of the beneficiary.

35% of the GRSs have expressed problems to log in. And as per the inputs received during our discussions with the technical staff, the website is designed to cater to 7000 log ins simultaneously and so if GRSs who number over 22000 try to log in at the same time, technical issues could occur.

The main issues highlighted by the GRSs as collated from the

87 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

open ended section in the end of the interview schedule are as follows.

1. Problems with connectivity and server. 2. Delay in valuation 3. Paper work in JP 4. Work overload due to work from other Departments 5.Unavailability of muster on time 6. Confusion from Aadhar based payments 7. Freezing of accounts of beneficiary 9. Issues with bank

The problems faced by the AAOs were discussed in detail and the following issues emerged to be the main setbacks in the system.

1. Problems related to network and working of the portal 2. Wagelist not being sent by the GRS on time 3. Valuation documents not submitted on time 4. Beneficiary bank accounts not updated

 AADHAR seeding of bank accounts have been very slow. Of the 7029650 bank accounts which have been AADHAR seeded, only 1,78,6122 workers have been converted into AADHAR based payment. (as on January 28, 2017). There are 2060173 joint accounts and hence getting the right bank account of the beneficiary which is AADHAR seeded in NPCI is a problem.  Late response from user bank is normally taken by NPCI as positive response.  Jan Dhan accounts face problems as they are still not KYC enabled. They get frozen in the event of zero balance if KYC has not been filled. Similarly banks do not have a standard time frame for freezing inactive accounts.  Many banks are still not aware of the incentives given by the Govt for disbursement of DB. Banks need to

88 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

change their product code in order to avail the incentive of disbursement given by the GOI.  There is no public domain to know the status of transaction status of NPCI. As on date they do not have an UTR and if any investigation need to be done the RRA number is the only option available.  Banks face problems when the amount comes back to them from the beneficiary bank. Due to the change in the UTR no: they are not able to trace the funds back to the FTO. NEFT protocol need to be seen in this regard.  In the case delayed failure report, proper referencing is not there which makes reconciliation impossible.

4. To suggest The possible solutions have been given in the recommendation possible changes section. and solutions in order to address the delays caused

4. Recommendations

The first point of delay is in getting muster issued on time. Either the muster may be issued by JP well before time (as is mandated by the recent circular) or the muster may be generated in the GP and later entered in the JP.

It is curious to find that attendance of workers are entered in the website only after attendance. An inquiry into this revealed that once attendance is entered, the GP loses that much person days in the event of underperformance. So normally the GRS wait for valuation to happen and then calibrate attendance of workers accordingly.

A few options could be tried here.

89 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Delegation

1. Give the power of recommendation or even generating the FTO to the GP. The recommendation or generation of FTO could be done on the basis of self attestation instead of waiting for valuation. AIGGPA undertook a random examination of over 100 musters in to see if there are cases of undervaluation by Sub- engineer. We could not find a single case of under valuation.

The valuation process may follow after that and if there is a case of over valuation, recovery option from the respective GPs may be carried out.

Another option can be to set a cap for recommendation/ generation of FTO at the GP level. This can act as check against reckless spending.

2. In the event of wage list based on valuation, the sub-engineer need to be taken into the loop of the software and the sub-engineer should make his entries directly on to the website.

3. Pendency at the level of the CEO JP can happen due to insufficient funds in the bank account. Instead of stalling it there, the FTO may be generated but kept in queue at the level of the bank so that on arrival of funds, the banks are able to process them immediately.

At the level of banks

4. As banking sector are not responsible to government agencies, constituting a grievance redressal forum exclusively for bank related problems in DBT can be thought of.

5. As the system is graduating towards AADHAR based payments, updation of AADHAR linking by banks may be regularly published.

6. In case of late responses from banks, a validation is to be called for by NPCI.

90 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

7. Jan dhan accounts may be switched on to KYC accounts to take off the credit limit as well as to become zero balance accounts.

8. Banks face problems when the amount comes back to them from the beneficiary bank. Due to the change in the UTR no: they are not able to trace the funds back to the FTO. NEFT protocol need to be seen in this regard. End user banks may be advised not to ignore optional fields.

9. Some kind of mechanism may be needed to review the number of incorrect responses from every banks.

10.A list of technical nodals of the banks can be created and circulated.

11. A 2-3 seater call center for addressing the grievances related to banks may be envisaged.

12. The transactions conducted by banking correspondent may be reported on a timely basis.

91 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Annexure Musters analyzed for correction during valuation

Ø- xzke iapk;kr dk uke dk;Z dk uke ,oa dksM eLVj Ø jkf'k dVkSrjk jkf'k Radha Bai w/o Devlarn Indara Awas Yojana Kutir Ts no. 407 Zilela 2015- 1 ZILELA 16(1729002029/IF/9993681475) 4227 4008 0 2 ZILELA kapil dhara kup nirman bapulal rugaji ts no 1200 (1729002029/IF/9993702336) 1558 20040 0 3 SAMRIBODA kapildhara magilal/bhagirat(1729002033/IF/1000061626) 467 9018 0 4 SAMRIBODA kapildhara dhalubai/kaalu(1729002033/IF/1000061643) 7036 2004 0 5 RUPETA Kapildhara kup gappulal / motisingh(1729002039/IF/9993702667) 105 15531 0 6 RUPETA kapildhara radheshyam / punjilal(1729002039/IF/9993739989) 1821 10855 0 7 RASULPURA kapildhara kup jaganath singh so nathu singh(1729002111/IF/9926714317) 2356 13193 0 8 PIPLIYA SALARASI Kapildhara Vikram singh / Dalep Singh(1729002020/IF/9993748018) 4276 15030 0 9 PIPLIYA SALARASI Nirmal Neer PIpliya Salarsi TS 254(1729002020/WC/22012034293017) 1572 8016 0 10 PHODRA india awash/morkhan/ladhkhan(1729002036/IF/9993681540) 1725 2672 0 11 PHODRA कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ अययूबखॉ/यासीन खॉ(1729002036/IF/9993741154) 2958 11022 0

12 PAGARIYARAM ननमऱम नीर (कू ऩ ननमणम ) बड े ताऱाब मे ऩगाररयाराम (1729002038/WC/9993674351) 719 4008 0 13 MUNDLA MOHABBA कपऩऱधारा उदयससह सरदार ससहं(1729002005/IF/9993739428) 1203 7014 0 14 MUNDLA MOHABBA कपऩऱधारा श्रीमनत अमीऱाबाई धीरजससहं (1729002005/IF/9993739431) 2085 15030 0 15 MUDIKHEDI ENDRA AVASH RAJESH/DILIP T.S481(1729002071/IF/9993682149) 4771 2004 0 16 MUDIKHEDI kapildhara devji / gopal(1729002071/IF/9993739453) 1508 11022 0 KAPIL DHARA KUP RAMESH/RATAN SINGH 17 MOLOKHEDI JAFRABAD(1729002099/IF/9993742549) 3081 13026 0

18 MOLOKHEDI KAPIL DHARA KUP MOHAN/PADAM JAFRABAD(1729002099/IF/9993742554) 2700 4008 0 19 LORASHKHURD indra avash yojna - sundarbai w/o jalam godi(1729002088/IF/9993681523) 3980 3006 0 20 LASUDIYAVIJAYASINGH कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ ददनेशससहं /कमऱससहं (1729002060/IF/9993744506) 4573 4008 0

21 LASUDIYAVIJAYASINGH Construction of IAY House -IAY REG. NO. MP1303726(1729002060/IF/IAY/416405) 7953 1002 0 22 LASODIYAKHAS ननमऱम नीर कू ऩ ऱसूड़सऱया खास(1729002101/DW/22012034293796) 6816 14863 0 23 LASODIYAKHAS INDIRA AWAS GOPAL/RATANSINGH (1729002101/IF/9993685818) 4021 2505 0 24 KURAWAR कपऩऱधारा कु ऩ ननमामण काय म सुसशऱा ऩनत हररससह (1729002008/IF/1554) 357 4008 0 25 KURAWAR imdra avash babu kha /rushtam kha(1729002008/IF/9993681471) 7946 1002 0 26 KILLOD कपऩऱ धारा ज嵍गनाथ पऩता ससददऱु ाऱ (1729002134/IF/9993738336) 992 3507 0 27 KILLOD कपऩऱ धारा ज嵍गनाथ पऩता ससददऱु ाऱ (1729002134/IF/9993738336) 3143 4008 0 28 KHAMKHEDA JATRA kapil dhara kup indarsingh thakur (1729002124/IF/9926712892) 39 20040 0 29 KHAMKHEDA JATRA kapil dhara kup indarsingh thakur (1729002124/IF/9926712892) 767 1670 0

30 KHAJURIYA JAWAR Kapildhar kupKaransingh/Bondulal Ts.no.354 AS.no.03(1729002014/IF/9993744761) 4386 5344 0 31 KATLA कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ ननमामण बⴂदाजी पऩता भैराजी (1729002030/IF/1000002185) 2076 1336 0 32 KATLA कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ ननमामण बⴂदाजी पऩता भैराजी (1729002030/IF/1000002185) 2076 2505 0 33 KATLA kapil dhara kup nirman karan singh/sankarlal(1729002030/IF/1000064354) 2070 2004 0 कपऩऱ धारा कू ऩ ननमामण (ऱऱता बाई ऩनत रंजीत ससहं )अ.जा. 34 KARMANKHEDI मनरेगा(1729002007/IF/9993738319) 1393 16032 0 कपऩऱ धारा कू ऩ ननमामण (ऱऱता बाई ऩनत रंजीत ससहं )अ.जा. 35 KARMANKHEDI मनरेगा(1729002007/IF/9993738319) 1878 19706 0 कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ ननमामण (योगᴂद्र ससह पऩता भारतससह)मानरेगा 16- 36 KARMANKHEDI 17(1729002007/IF/9993741378) 2579 19038 0 कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ ननमामण (योगᴂद्र ससह पऩता भारतससह)मानरेगा 16- 37 KARMANKHEDI 17(1729002007/IF/9993741378) 2579 1002 0

38 KALYANPURA Kapildhara Ramprasad Kisanlal T.S.No.1112 Kaliyanp(1729002010/IF/1000037763) 669 4008 0

39 KALYANPURA Kapildhara Ramprasad Kisanlal T.S.No.1112 Kaliyanp(1729002010/IF/1000037763) 669 5010 0

40 JATAKHEDA कपऩऱधारा (कू ऩ ननमामण) ऩरवत ससहं /रंजीतससहं बाऊऩुरा(1729002120/IF/9926705318) 1676 10354 0

41 JATAKHEDA कपऩऱधारा (कू ऩ ननमामण) ऩरवत ससहं /रंजीतससहं बाऊऩुरा(1729002120/IF/9926705318) 2149 9519 0

42 JATAKHEDA कपऩऱधारा (कू ऩ ननमामण) ऩरवत ससहं /रंजीतससहं बाऊऩुरा(1729002120/IF/9926705318) 2161 8684 0

43 JATAKHEDA इन्ददरा आवास योजना अनोखी /भै셂 ससहं बाऊऩुरा (1729002120/IF/9993681452) 424 1503 0

44 JATAKHEDA इन्ददरा आवास योजना अनोखी /भै셂 ससहं बाऊऩुरा (1729002120/IF/9993681452) 424 2004 0 45 JASSUPURA kapildharakup vaseem khan/samad khan(1729002129/IF/9993735203) 787 1002 0 46 JASSUPURA kapildharakup vaseem khan/samad khan(1729002129/IF/9993735203) 787 14028 0 47 JASSUPURA kapildharakup faruk khan /babukhan tsn.1351(1729002129/IF/9993735242) 852 1002 0 48 JASSUPURA kapildharakup faruk khan /babukhan tsn.1351(1729002129/IF/9993735242) 852 14028 0 49 HARRAJKHEDI indra avash bhavan premsingh /kakuram(1729002123/IF/9993679492) 3911 1503 0 50 HARRAJKHEDI indra avash bhavan premsingh /kakuram(1729002123/IF/9993679492) 3911 2505 0

92 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

Ø- xzke iapk;kr dk uke dk;Z dk uke ,oa dksM eLVj Ø jkf'k dVkSrjk jkf'k 51 ARNIYA GAJI कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ उमरावबाई/ऱक्ष्‍मीनारायण(1729002012/IF/9993739622) 1491 20040 0 52 ARNIYA GAJI कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ उमरावबाई/ऱक्ष्‍मीनारायण(1729002012/IF/9993739622) 1493 19873 0 53 ARNIYA GAJI कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ उमरावबाई/ऱक्ष्‍मीनारायण(1729002012/IF/9993739622) 1496 20040 0 54 ARNIYA GAJI कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ न्जतᴂद्रससहं /कमऱससहं (1729002012/IF/9993739624) 2829 1670 0 55 ARNIYA GAJI कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ अननऱ/चनै ससहं (1729002012/IF/9993739626) 2825 20040 0

56 ARNIYA GAJI Bharat Nirman Rajeev Gandhi Sewa Kendra,ARNIYA GANGI(1729002012/SK/1790) 904 2004 0

57 ARNIYA GAJI Bharat Nirman Rajeev Gandhi Sewa Kendra,ARNIYA GANGI(1729002012/SK/1790) 904 26720 0 58 HARNIYAGAON कपऩऱधारा हरᴂद्रससहं /पवक्रमससहं (1729002009/IF/9926703899) 174 5010 0 59 HARNIYAGAON कपऩऱधारा हरᴂद्रससहं /पवक्रमससहं (1729002009/IF/9926703899) 174 15030 0 60 HARNIYAGAON कपऩऱधारा शहादतखॉ/खाजू खॉ(1729002009/IF/9926707477) 187 14028 0 61 HARNIYAGAON कपऩऱधारा शहादतखॉ/खाजू खॉ(1729002009/IF/9926707477) 187 3006 0 62 GWALI Kapildhara Mansingh/Kaniram Pachapura(1729002027/IF/9926705956) 329 3006 0 63 GWALI Kapildhara Mansingh/Kaniram Pachapura(1729002027/IF/9926705956) 329 11022 0 64 GWALI कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ काऱूराम/भे셂ऱाऱ(1729002027/IF/9993743485) 2363 3340 0 65 GWALI कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ काऱूराम/भे셂ऱाऱ(1729002027/IF/9993743485) 2363 8183 0 66 GWALI कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ राधे�‍याम/जगद‍नाथससहं (1729002027/IF/9993743492) 4440 2004 0 67 ROOPCHAND kapilkapil dhara bhagmal/dulichand t.s.2058(1729002113/IF/1000066851) 496 10521 0 68 GURADIYA ROOPCHAND kapilkapil dhara bhagmal/dulichand t.s.2058(1729002113/IF/1000066851) 498 10521 0 69 GURADIYA ROOPCHAND kapildhara kupnirman shivnarayan so kanheyalal(1729002113/IF/9993734544) 514 15030 0 70 GURADIYA ROOPCHAND kapildhara kupnirman shivnarayan so kanheyalal(1729002113/IF/9993734544) 515 15030 0 71 GURADIYA ROOPCHAND kapildhara kup nirman shivprashad/vijay singh(1729002113/IF/9993734561) 506 19873 0 72 GURADIYA ROOPCHAND kapildhara kup nirman shivprashad/vijay singh(1729002113/IF/9993734561) 507 20040 0 73 GURADIYA ROOPCHAND kapildhara kup nirman ramlal/devi(1729002113/IF/9993734565) 502 16032 0 74 GURADIYA ROOPCHAND kapildhara kup nirman ramlal/devi(1729002113/IF/9993734565) 503 16032 0 75 GOVINDPURA कपऩऱधारा कू ऩ ननमामण पवदजी पऩता रामससहं (1729002035/IF/1000002267) 1364 1336 0

76 GOVINDPURA Kapil Dhara Kup Niran Chandar Singh s/o Etaji TS 6(1729002035/IF/1000057831) 6996 11022 0 77 GOPALPUR kapildhara kup sugan bai /kumer singh(1729002077/IF/1000042779) 664 1002 0 78 GOPALPUR kapildhara kup sugan bai /kumer singh(1729002077/IF/1000042779) 664 17034 0 79 GAJANA indira awas nathulal/bhagirath(1729002045/IF/9993680983) 3693 1002 0 80 GAJANA indira awas nathulal/bhagirath(1729002045/IF/9993680983) 3693 2004 0 KAPIL DHARA KUP NIRMAN ( MASUM BEE/PERALI DODI T.S.NO. 81 DODI 1397(1729002037/IF/9993738376) 3466 4676 0 KAPIL DHARA KUP NIRMAN ( MASUM BEE/PERALI DODI T.S.NO. 82 DODI 1397(1729002037/IF/9993738376) 3466 6012 0 83 BHUPHOD kapil Dhara_Lad singh / kuwarji(1729002122/IF/9993739902) 2764 11022 0 84 BHUPHOD kapil Dhara_Lad singh / kuwarji(1729002122/IF/9993739902) 2764 5010 0

85 BHERUPUR KAPILDHARA RAVINDRA / DASHRATH SINGH(1729002043/IF/9993739143) 1113 17535 0 86 BHERUPUR kapildhara bheru singh / sher singh(1729002043/IF/9993739153) 2626 2672 0 87 BHERUPUR शांतीधाम ननमामण काय म (TS NO 378) ऩरोसऱयाऩार(1729002043/LD/180) 7408 1002 0

88 कपऩऱ धारा कू ऩ कमऱा बाई/भोऩाऱससह ts no 4443(1729002114/IF/9926710381) 129 22044 0 89 BAPHAPUR IAY kamu bai w% sewaram(1729002109/IF/9993681459) 3179 4342 0 90 BAPHAPUR kapil dhara kup nirman jeevan devbagas ts 264(1729002109/IF/9993744045) 2816 13026 0

91 BAMULIYA RAIMAL kapildharakup balvaan singh/sardarsingh bamuliya raymal(1729002015/IF/9993748666) 3500 4008 0

92 BAMULIYA RAIMAL kapildharakup balvaan singh/sardarsingh bamuliya raymal(1729002015/IF/9993748666) 4706 9018 0

93 BAMULIYA RAIMAL kapildharakup balvaan singh/sardarsingh bamuliya raymal(1729002015/IF/9993748666) 4706 2004 0 94 BADODIYAGADRI AIY ramsabha bai/ ajap sih ts.463(1729002061/IF/9993679170) 3880 668 0 95 BADODIYAGADRI AIY ramsabha bai/ ajap sih ts.463(1729002061/IF/9993679170) 3880 668 0 96 ARNIYA GAJI इंददरा आवास भगवत/हीमाजी(1729002012/IF/9993681620) 3709 4008 0 97 ARNIYA GAJI इंददरा आवास भगवत/हीमाजी(1729002012/IF/9993681620) 4821 4008 0

98 AMARPURA Kapil Dhara Kup Jitendra/Devisingh T.S.No. 883 Ama(1729002046/IF/1000040666) 615 9018 0

99 AMARPURA Kapil Dhara Kup Jitendra/Devisingh T.S.No. 883 Ama(1729002046/IF/1000040666) 615 1002 0

100 AMARPURA Kapil Dhara Kup Jitendra/Devisingh T.S.No. 883 Ama(1729002046/IF/1000040666) 615 1002 0

93 [A procedural study of MGNREGS in MP to identify delays in wage payment] 2017

94