Physics of Space Plasma Activity
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Stanislav Nikolaevich Rodionov (–)
SCIENCE & GLOBAL SECURITY ,VOL.,NO.,– http://dx.doi.org/./.. Memoriam: Stanislav Nikolaevich Rodionov (–) Oleg Prilutsky and Frank von Hippel Stanislav Rodionov was a member of the first post-World War II generation of Soviet physicists. He began his scientific career in 1953 in what is now known as the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” where he carried out an exper- iment in which, for the first time in the Soviet Union, he captured electrons from tritium decay in a magnetic mirror adiabatic trap. From 1958 to 1973, he worked in the Nuclear Physics Institute of the Siberian Division of USSR Academy of Sciences in Akademgorodok near Novosibirsk. Dur- ing the 1960s, while Rodionov was there, this institute, directed by Academician Budker, built one of the first electron-positron colliders in the world (VEPP-2). Rodionov played a very important scientific-organizational role as the Secretary of the institute’s Scientific Council—its “Round Table.” In 1974, Rodionov returned to Moscow to join the staff of the Soviet Academy of Sciences’ Space Research Institute (IKI) directed by Roald Sagdeev. There he partici- pated in the organization of international collaborations in space research programs, which was a pioneering contribution to opening up Soviet science to the world. Rodionov also supported Sagdeev in doing arms-control research under the aus- pices of the Committee of Soviet Scientists for Peace and Against the Nuclear Threat. This Committee was established during a 17–19 May 1983 All-Union conference of scientists within the Soviet Academy called in response to President Reagan’s 23 MarchspeechaskingAmericanscientiststojoininaStrategicDefenseInitiative to make nuclear-armed ballistic missiles “impotent and obsolete.” Evgeny Velikhov was the first chairman with Sagdeev, Sergei Kapitza and Andrei Kokoshin as his Vice Chairmen. -
Department of Physics and Astronomy 1
Department of Physics and Astronomy 1 PHSX 216 and PHSX 236, provide a calculus-based foundation in Department of Physics physics for students in physical science, engineering, and mathematics. PHSX 313 and the laboratory course, PHSX 316, provide an introduction and Astronomy to modern physics for majors in physics and some engineering and physical science programs. Why study physics and astronomy? Students in biological sciences, health sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, engineering, and prospective elementary and secondary Our goal is to understand the physical universe. The questions teachers should see appropriate sections of this catalog and major addressed by our department’s research and education missions range advisors for guidance about required physics course work. Chemistry from the applied, such as an improved understanding of the materials that majors should note that PHSX 211 and PHSX 212 are prerequisites to can be used for solar cell energy production, to foundational questions advanced work in chemistry. about the nature of mass and space and how the Universe was formed and subsequently evolved, and how astrophysical phenomena affected For programs in engineering physics (http://catalog.ku.edu/engineering/ the Earth and its evolution. We study the properties of systems ranging engineering-physics/), see the School of Engineering section of the online in size from smaller than an atom to larger than a galaxy on timescales catalog. ranging from billionths of a second to the age of the universe. Our courses and laboratory/research experiences help students hone their Graduate Programs problem solving and analytical skills and thereby become broadly trained critical thinkers. While about half of our majors move on to graduate The department offers two primary graduate programs: (i) an M.S. -
Solar and Space Physics: a Science for a Technological Society
Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society The 2013-2022 Decadal Survey in Solar and Space Physics Space Studies Board ∙ Division on Engineering & Physical Sciences ∙ August 2012 From the interior of the Sun, to the upper atmosphere and near-space environment of Earth, and outwards to a region far beyond Pluto where the Sun’s influence wanes, advances during the past decade in space physics and solar physics have yielded spectacular insights into the phenomena that affect our home in space. This report, the final product of a study requested by NASA and the National Science Foundation, presents a prioritized program of basic and applied research for 2013-2022 that will advance scientific understanding of the Sun, Sun- Earth connections and the origins of “space weather,” and the Sun’s interactions with other bodies in the solar system. The report includes recommendations directed for action by the study sponsors and by other federal agencies—especially NOAA, which is responsible for the day-to-day (“operational”) forecast of space weather. Recent Progress: Significant Advances significant progress in understanding the origin from the Past Decade and evolution of the solar wind; striking advances The disciplines of solar and space physics have made in understanding of both explosive solar flares remarkable advances over the last decade—many and the coronal mass ejections that drive space of which have come from the implementation weather; new imaging methods that permit direct of the program recommended in 2003 Solar observations of the space weather-driven changes and Space Physics Decadal Survey. For example, in the particles and magnetic fields surrounding enabled by advances in scientific understanding Earth; new understanding of the ways that space as well as fruitful interagency partnerships, the storms are fueled by oxygen originating from capabilities of models that predict space weather Earth’s own atmosphere; and the surprising impacts on Earth have made rapid gains over discovery that conditions in near-Earth space the past decade. -
Sources for the History of Space Concepts in Physics: from 1845 to 1995
CBPF-NF-084/96 SOURCES FOR THE HISTORY OF SPACE CONCEPTS IN PHYSICS: FROM 1845 TO 1995 Francisco Caruso(∗) & Roberto Moreira Xavier Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F´ısicas Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, 22290–180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Dedicated to Prof. Juan Jos´e Giambiagi, in Memoriam. “Car l`a-haut, au ciel, le paradis n’est-il pas une immense biblioth`eque? ” — Gaston Bachelard Brief Introduction Space — as other fundamental concepts in Physics, like time, causality and matter — has been the object of reflection and discussion throughout the last twenty six centuries from many different points of view. Being one of the most fundamental concepts over which scientific knowledge has been constructed, the interest on the evolution of the ideas of space in Physics would per se justify a bibliography. However, space concepts extrapolate by far the scientific domain, and permeate many other branches of human knowledge. Schematically, we could mention Philosophy, Mathematics, Aesthetics, Theology, Psychology, Literature, Architecture, Art, Music, Geography, Sociology, etc. But actually one has to keep in mind Koyr´e’s lesson: scientific knowledge of a particular epoch can not be isolated from philosophical, religious and cultural context — to understand Copernican Revolution one has to focus Protestant Reformation. Therefore, a deeper understanding of this concept can be achieved only if one attempts to consider the complex interrelations of these different branches of knowledge. A straightforward consequence of this fact is that any bibliography on the History and Philosophy of space would result incomplete and grounded on arbitrary choices: we might thus specify ours. From the begining of our collaboration on the History and Philosophy of Space in Physics — born more than ten years ago — we have decided to build up a preliminary bibliography which should include just references available at our libraries concerning a very specific problem we were mainly interested in at that time, namely, the problem of space dimensionality. -
Plasma Physics in the 20Th Century As Told by Players”
Eur. Phys. J. H 43, 337{353 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2018-90061-5 THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL H Editorial Editorial introduction to the special issue \Plasma physics in the 20th century as told by players" Patrick H. Diamond1,a , Uriel Frisch2, and Yves Pomeau3 1 University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0319, USA 2 Universit´eC^oted'Azur, OCA, Lab. Lagrange, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France 3 Ladhyx, Ecole´ Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France Received 31 October 2018 Published online 30 November 2018 c EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature, 2018 Our ancestors lived in a world where { as far as they were aware { electrons and ions lived happily bound together. But with suitable conditions, e.g. low density and/or high temperature, electrons and ions will unbind and we obtain a plasma, a state of matter of which we became increasingly aware in the 20th century, and which pervades our universe near and far. There are also many applications of plasma physics: chip etching, TV screens, torches, propulsion, fusion (through magnetic or inertial confinement), astrophysics and space physics, and laser physics, to cite just a few. At the crossroads of electrodynamics, continuum physics, kinetic theory and nonlinear physics, plasma physics enjoys an abundance of riches. Actually, so much that we can only cover a fraction of its history in this limited volume. The history of plasma physics presented here covers mostly the period from 1950 to 2000. The issue is focussed both on fundamentals and on applications in controlled fusion through magnetic confinement, which in turn raises a host of fundamental and interesting questions in various areas. -
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics RESEARCH ARTICLE Zonally Symmetric Oscillations of the Thermosphere at 10.1002/2018JA025258 Planetary Wave Periods Key Points: • A dissipating tidal spectrum Jeffrey M. Forbes1 , Xiaoli Zhang1, Astrid Maute2 , and Maura E. Hagan3 modulated by planetary waves (PW) causes the thermosphere to “vacillate” 1Ann and H. J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, 2 over a range of PW periods 3 • The same tidal spectrum can amplify High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA, Department of Physics, Utah penetration of westward propagating State University, Logan, UT, USA PW into the dynamo region, through nonlinear wave-wave interactions • Zonally symmetric ionospheric Abstract New mechanisms for imposing planetary wave (PW) variability on the oscillations arising from thermospheric vacillation are ionosphere-thermosphere system are discovered in numerical experiments conducted with the National potentially large Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model. First, it is demonstrated that a tidal spectrum modulated at PW periods (3–20 days) entering the Supporting Information: ionosphere-thermosphere system near 100 km is responsible for producing ±40 m/s and ±10–15 K • Supporting Information S1 PW period oscillations between 110 and 150 km at low to middle latitudes. The dominant response is broadband and zonally symmetric (i.e., “S0”) over a range of periods and is attributable to tidal dissipation; essentially, the ionosphere-thermosphere system “vacillates” in response to dissipation of Correspondence to: J. M. Forbes, the PW-modulated tidal spectrum. In addition, some specific westward propagating PWs such as the [email protected] quasi-6-day wave are amplified by the presence of the tidal spectrum; the underlying mechanism is hypothesized to be a second-stage nonlinear interaction. -
A Brief History of Magnetospheric Physics Before the Spaceflight Era
A BRIEF HISTORY OF MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS BEFORE THE SPACEFLIGHT ERA David P. Stern Laboratoryfor ExtraterrestrialPhysics NASAGoddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,Maryland Abstract.This review traces early resea/ch on the Earth's aurora, plasma cloud particles required some way of magneticenvironment, covering the period when only penetratingthe "Chapman-Ferrarocavity": Alfv•n (1939) ground:based0bservationswerepossible. Observations of invoked an eleCtric field, but his ideas met resistance. The magneticstorms (1724) and of perturbationsassociated picture grew more complicated with observationsof with the aurora (1741) suggestedthat those phenomena comets(1943, 1951) which suggesteda fast "solarwind" originatedoutside the Earth; correlationof the solarcycle emanatingfrom the Sun's coronaat all times. This flow (1851)with magnetic activity (1852) pointed to theSun's was explainedby Parker's theory (1958), and the perma- involvement.The discovei-yof •solarflares (1859) and nent cavity which it producedaround the Earth was later growingevidence for their associationwith large storms named the "magnetosphere"(1959). As early as 1905, led Birkeland (1900) to proposesolar electronstreams as Birkeland had proposedthat the large magneticperturba- thecause. Though laboratory experiments provided some tions of the polar aurora refleCteda "polar" type of support;the idea ran into theoreticaldifficulties and was magneticstorm whose electric currents descended into the replacedby Chapmanand Ferraro's notion of solarplasma upper atmosphere;that idea, however, was resisted for clouds (1930). Magnetic storms were first attributed more than 50 years. By the time of the International (1911)to a "ringcurrent" of high-energyparticles circling GeophysicalYear (1957-1958), when the first artificial the Earth, but later work (1957) reCOgnizedthat low- satelliteswere launched, most of the importantfeatures of energy particlesundergoing guiding center drifts could the magnetospherehad been glimpsed, but detailed have the same effect. -
Alwyn C. Scott
the frontiers collection the frontiers collection Series Editors: A.C. Elitzur M.P. Silverman J. Tuszynski R. Vaas H.D. Zeh The books in this collection are devoted to challenging and open problems at the forefront of modern science, including related philosophical debates. In contrast to typical research monographs, however, they strive to present their topics in a manner accessible also to scientifically literate non-specialists wishing to gain insight into the deeper implications and fascinating questions involved. Taken as a whole, the series reflects the need for a fundamental and interdisciplinary approach to modern science. Furthermore, it is intended to encourage active scientists in all areas to ponder over important and perhaps controversial issues beyond their own speciality. Extending from quantum physics and relativity to entropy, consciousness and complex systems – the Frontiers Collection will inspire readers to push back the frontiers of their own knowledge. Other Recent Titles The Thermodynamic Machinery of Life By M. Kurzynski The Emerging Physics of Consciousness Edited by J. A. Tuszynski Weak Links Stabilizers of Complex Systems from Proteins to Social Networks By P. Csermely Quantum Mechanics at the Crossroads New Perspectives from History, Philosophy and Physics Edited by J. Evans, A.S. Thorndike Particle Metaphysics A Critical Account of Subatomic Reality By B. Falkenburg The Physical Basis of the Direction of Time By H.D. Zeh Asymmetry: The Foundation of Information By S.J. Muller Mindful Universe Quantum Mechanics and the Participating Observer By H. Stapp Decoherence and the Quantum-to-Classical Transition By M. Schlosshauer For a complete list of titles in The Frontiers Collection, see back of book Alwyn C. -
AS703: Introduction to Space Physics
AS703: Introduction to Space Physics Fall 2015 Course Description The temperature of the sun's surface is 4000K-5000K, but just outside the sur- face, in a region called the corona, the temperatures exceed 1.5 million degrees K. The mechanism that heats and sus- tains these high temperatures remains unexplained. Nevertheless, these high temperatures cause the corona to expel vast quantities of material, creating the solar wind. This plasma wind travels outward from the sun interacting with all solar system bodies. When the solar wind approaches planet Earth, it com- presses and distorts the region dom- inated by the Earth's magnetic field called the magnetosphere. The magnetosphere channels the solar wind around most of the at- mosphere and also into the polar regions. This channeling process drives large currents through the magnetosphere and into the charged part of the atmosphere below it; the partially ionized region called the ionosphere. These processes frequently energize particles creating the ring current, the radiation belts, and send energized particles crashing into the neutral atmosphere creating the Au- rora Borealis. The field of space physics studies physical phenomena from the Sun's outer layers to the upper atmospheres of the planets and, ultimately, to the point where the Solar wind's influence wanes. Understanding this region enables us to have a space program and to communicate through space. It also gives insight into plasma processes throughout the universe. The goal of this course is to provide an introduction to space and solar physics. Since the local space environment is predominantly filled by plasma and electromagnetic energy, a substantial amount of time will be dedicated to learning the basics of plasma physics. -
A Decadal Strategy for Solar and Space Physics
Space Weather and the Next Solar and Space Physics Decadal Survey Daniel N. Baker, CU-Boulder NRC Staff: Arthur Charo, Study Director Abigail Sheffer, Associate Program Officer Decadal Survey Purpose & OSTP* Recommended Approach “Decadal Survey benefits: • Community-based documents offering consensus of science opportunities to retain US scientific leadership • Provides well-respected source for priorities & scientific motivations to agencies, OMB, OSTP, & Congress” “Most useful approach: • Frame discussion identifying key science questions – Focus on what to do, not what to build – Discuss science breadth & depth (e.g., impact on understanding fundamentals, related fields & interdisciplinary research) • Explain measurements & capabilities to answer questions • Discuss complementarity of initiatives, relative phasing, domestic & international context” *From “The Role of NRC Decadal Surveys in Prioritizing Federal Funding for Science & Technology,” Jon Morse, Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP), NRC Workshop on Decadal Surveys, November 14-16, 2006 2 Context The Sun to the Earth—and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics Summary Report (2002) Compendium of 5 Study Panel Reports (2003) First NRC Decadal Survey in Solar and Space Physics Community-led Integrated plan for the field Prioritized recommendations Sponsors: NASA, NSF, NOAA, DoD (AFOSR and ONR) 3 Decadal Survey Purpose & OSTP* Recommended Approach “Decadal Survey benefits: • Community-based documents offering consensus of science opportunities -
Space Physics
UNIVERSITY OF KERALA Syllabus for M.Sc Degree Program in Physics with specialization in Space Physics (With effect from 2020 admissions) UNIVERSITY OF KERALA M. Sc Degree Program in Physics (Space Physics) Objectives: Major objective of the M. Sc Physics program of University of Kerala is to equip the students for pursuing higher studies and employment in any branches of Physics and related areas. The program also envisages developing thorough and in-depth knowledge in Mathematical Physics, Classical Mechanics, Quantum Mechanics, Statistical Physics, Electromagnetic Theory, Nuclear Physics, Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy and Electronics. The program also aims to enhance problem solving skills of students so that they will be well equipped to tackle national level competitive exams. The program also acts as a bridge between theoretical knowhow and its implementation in experimental scenario. Since the specialization of this program is space physics it covers basic ideas of atmospheric physics, solar physics and elements of cosmology. The program also introduces the students to the scientific research approach in defining problems, execution through analytical methods, systematic presentation of results keeping in line with the research ethics through M. Sc dissertations. Program Outcome (i) Define and explain fundamental ideas and mathematical formalism of theoretical and applied physics. (ii) Identify, classify and extrapolate the physical concepts and related mathematical methods to formulate and solve real physical problems. (iii) Identify and solve interdisciplinary problems that require simultaneous implementation of concepts from different branches of physics and other related areas. (iv) To define and explain fundamental ideas of space physics and astrophysics. (v) To define a research problem, translate ideas into working models, interpret the data collected draw the conclusions and report scientific data in the form of dissertation. -
Welcome to Montana State University
Welcome to Montana State University Barnard Hall home of the Physics department Important details • Application deadline: January 10, 2021 • Application fee: waived for participants of this recruiting fair! • GREs: general and subject are not required • Recommendation letters: three letters required • More information: http://physics.montana.edu • Questions: [email protected] Amy Reines Nick Borys Dana Longcope MSU is home to vibrant research & academic communities 2020 Enrollment • Undergraduates: 14,817 • Graduate students: 1,949 • Total: 16,766 2020 Research Expenditures $167 Million Carnegie Classification R1: very high research activity • One of only 131 universities in the US. • Only R1 university in MT, ID, WY, ND, & SD. Proposal Activity for 2019 1,100 proposals submitted $485.9 million in awarded grants Physics Courses foundational required 423 Electromagnetism I 461 Quantum Mechanics I 425 Electromagnetism II 462 Quantum Mechanics II 427 Advanced Optics 441 Solid State Physics 435 Astrophysics 442 Novel materials for Physics/Engineering 437 Laser Applications 475 Observational Astronomy 501 Advanced Classical Mechanics 531 Nonlinear Optics 506 Quantum Mechanics I 535 Statistical Mechanics 507 Quantum Mechanics II 544 Condensed Matter Physics I 516 Experimental Physics 545 Condensed Matter Physics II 519 Electromagnetic Theory I 555 Quantum Field Theory 520 Electromagnetic Theory II 560 Astrophysics 523 General Relativity I 565 Astrophysical Plasma Physics 524 General Relativity II 566 Mathematical Physics I 525 Current