Baseline Assessment: Environmental Law Enforcement in the Seven Program Sites

Philippines Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience (B+WISER)

13 April 2015

FOURTH QUARTER PROGRESS REPORT FY July - September 2014

Philippines Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience (B+WISER)

30 October 2014 Draft

This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. The Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience Program is funded by the USAID, Contract No. AID-492-C-13-00002 and implemented by Chemonics International in association with:

 Fauna and Flora International (FFI)  Haribon Foundation  World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF)

The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.

Baseline Assessment: Environmental Law Enforcement (ELE)

Philippines Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience (B+WISER) Program

Implemented with:

Department of Environment and Natural Resources Other National Government Agencies Local Government Units and Agencies

Supported by:

United States Agency for International Development Contract No.: AID-492-C-13-00002

Managed by:

Chemonics International Inc. in partnership with Fauna & Flora International (FFI) Haribon Foundation World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF)

13 April 2015

CONTENTS

List of Tables ...... ii List of Annexes ...... ii List of Annex Figures ...... iii List of Annex Tables ...... iii Acronyms ...... vii Executive Summary ...... ix 1. Introduction ...... 1 2. Methodology ...... 3 3. Results ...... 6 3.1. Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park (NSMNP) ...... 8 3.2. Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape (UMRBPL) ...... 15 3.3. Kaliwa Watershed Forest Reserve (KWFR) ...... 17 3.4. Naujan Lake National Park (NLNP) ...... 19 3.5. Quinali “A” Watershed (QAW) ...... 21 3.6. Northern Negros Natural Park (NNNP) ...... 23 3.7. Mount Natural Park (MKNP) ...... 25 3.8. Range Natural Park (MKRNP) ...... 27 3.9. Mount Apo Natural Park (MANP) ...... 28 4. Observations ...... 31 4.1. On Violations Committed ...... 31 4.2. On Violators ...... 31 4.3. On Reasons for Violations ...... 32 4.4. On Present Capability/Capacity of Existing Law Enforcement Bodies ...... 33 5. Recommendations ...... 34

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Dates of ELE orientation, assessment and action planning workshop conducted ...... 2 Table 2. Major environmental laws covered by the ELE orientation and assessment workshops ...... 3 Table 3. List of major violations across the Program Sites ...... 7 Table 4. List of violations occurring in NSMNP by CENRO jurisdiction ...... 9 Table 5. Specific areas where some of the major violations occur by CENRO jurisdiction ...... 10 Table 6. Existing efforts on prevention and apprehensions in NSMNP, by CENRO ...... 11 Table 7. Assessment of existing capacity for ELE in NSMNP by CENRO grouping ...... 11 Table 8. Process for ELE Plan Implementation ...... 14 Table 9. Possible sources of assistance/funding for action plan implementation ...... 14 Table 10. Summary of the present capacity assessment results for UMRBPL ...... 16 Table 11. KWFR Summary of the assessment of present capacity on ELE ..... 18 Table 12. NLNP Summary of the present capacity assessment results ...... 20 Table 13. Quinali “A” Summary of the present capacity assessment results .... 21 Table 14. NNNP Summary of the present capacity assessment results ...... 24 Table 15. MKNP Summary of the present capacity assessment results ...... 26 Table 16. MANP Summary of the present capacity assessment results ...... 29

LIST OF ANNEXES

Annex 1. Environmental Law Enforcement Theory of Change (ToC) ...... 36 Annex 2. Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park (NSMNP) Environmental Law Enforcement Workshops Outputs ...... 37 Annex 3. Upper Marikina and River Basin Protected Landscape (UMRBPL) Environmental Law Enforcement Workshops Outputs, April 28-30, 2014 ...... 49 Annex 4. Kaliwa Watershed Forest Reserve (KWFR) Environmental Law Enforcement Workshop Outputs, April 28-30, 2013 ...... 57 Annex 5. Naujan Lake National Park (NLNP) Environmental Law Enforcement Workshop Outputs, May 21-22, 2014 ...... 66 Annex 6. Quinali-A Watershed Environmental Law Enforcement Workshop Outputs, June 23-25, 2014 ...... 90 Annex 7. Negros Natural Park (NNNP) Environmental Law Enforcement Workshop Outputs, October 28-29, 2014 ...... 115

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Annex 8. Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park (MKNP) Environmental Law Enforcement Workshop Outputs, December 9-10, 2014...... 132 Annex 9. Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park (MKRNP) Environmental Law Enforcement Workshop Outputs, December 3-4, 2014 ...... 136 Annex 10. Mount Apo Natural Park (MANP) Environmental Law Enforcement Workshop Outputs, April 24-25, 2014, May 21-23, 2014; and June 18-20, 2014 ...... 140 Annex 11. B+WISER Directory ...... 146

LIST OF ANNEX FIGURES

Annex Figure 1. NSMNP Kaingin and Charcoal-MakingViolations Hotspot Map, November 12-13, 2013 ...... 48 Annex Figure 2. UMRBPL Violation Hotspots Map , April 28-30, 2014 ...... 56 Annex Figure 3. KWFR Combined Violation Hotspots and Pressure Map DATE ...... 64 Annex Figure 4. NLNP Violation Hotspots Maps, May 21-22, 2014 ...... 84 Annex Figure 5. Quinali Violation Hotspots Map June 23-25, 2014 ...... 114 Annex Figure 6. NNNP Violation Hotspots Map, October 28-29, 2014 ...... 131 Annex Figure 7. MKNP Violation Hotspots Map, December 9-10, 2014 ...... 135 Annex Figure 8. MKRNP Violations Hotspots Map...... 138

LIST OF ANNEX TABLES

Annex Table 2-A. Results of ELE Assessment Workshops 1 and 2 for Areas Covered by CENRO Naguillan, Ilagan and San Mariano, September 24, 2013; November 12-13, 2013; and January 8, 2014 ...... 37 Annex Table 2-B. Results of ELE Assessment Workshops 1 and 2 for Areas Covered by CENRO Cabagan, Tumauini and San Pablo ...... 40 Annex Table 2-C. Results of Assessment of ELE Situation in Areas Covered by the Jurisdiction of CENRO Palanan in NSMNP ...... 42 Annex Table 2-D. Specific Environmental Law Enforcement Targets (2014-2017) For NSMNP (Joint Targets of PAMB, DENR and LGUs Under the Coordination of the PASU), January 8, 2014 ...... 47 Annex Table 3-A Results of Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation In UMRBPL ...... 49 Annex-Table 3-B. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in UMPRBPL ...... 53 Annex-Table 4-A. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in KWFR ...... 57

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Annex-Table 4-B. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in KWFR ...... 60 Annex Table 5-A. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Naujan Portion of NLNP ...... 66 Annex Table 5-B. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Naujan Portion of NLNP ...... 69 Annex Table 5-C. Assessment of Current Law Environmental Enforcement Situation in Pola Portion of NLNP ...... 72 Annex Table 5-D. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Pola Portion of NLNP ...... 75 Annex Table 5-E. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Socorro Portion of NLNP ...... 77 Annex Table 5-F. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Socorro Portion of NLNP ...... 78 Annex Table 5-G. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Socorro Portion on NLNP ...... 79 Annex Table 5-H. Assessment of Current Law Environmental Enforcement Capacity in Victoria Portion of NLNP ...... 81 Annex Table 6-A. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Ligao City Portion of QAW...... 90 Annex Table 6-B. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Ligao City Portion of QAW ...... 93 Annex Table 6-C. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Polangui Portion of QAW ...... 95 Annex Table 6-D. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Polangui Portion of QAW ...... 98 Annex Table 6-E. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Oas Portion of QAW ...... 99 Annex Table 6-F. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Oas Portion of QAW ...... 101 Annex Table 6-G. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Libon Portion of QAW ...... 104 Annex Table 6-H. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capability in Libon Portion of QAW ...... 107 Annex Table 6-I. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Guinobatan & Camalig Portion of QAW ...... 110 Annex Table 6-J. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Guinobatan & Camalig Portion of QAW ...... 112 Annex Table 7-A. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in NNNP ...... 115 Annex Table 7-B. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in NNNP ...... 121 Annex Table 8-A. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in MKNP ...... 132

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Annex Table 8-B. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in MKNP ...... 134 Annex Table 9-A. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation (, Malaybalay and side) ...... 136 Annex Table 9-B. Assessment of Current Law Enforcement Situation (Baungon side) ...... 139 Annex Table 10-A. Assessment of Current Law Enforcement Situation in MANP ...... 140 Annex Table 10-B. Assessment of Current Law Enforcement Capacity in MANP ...... 143

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ACRONYMS

A & D Alienable and Disposable AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines B+WISER Philippines Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience Program BBB Bantay Bukid Brigade BD Bantay Dagat BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources BG Bantay Gubat BIN Intelligence Network BKB Bantay Kalikasan Brigade BLET Barangay Law Enforcement Team BLGU Barangay Local Government Unit BMS Biodiversity Monitoring System BPAT Barangay Peace Keeping Action Team CADC Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim CADT Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy CEMO City Environment Management Office CENRO Community Environment and Natural Resources Office CLOA Certificate of Land Ownership Award CRMP Community Resource Management Plan DA-BFAR Department of Agriculture Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources DAR Department of Agrarian Reform DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DENRO Deputized Environment and Natural Resources Officer DOJ Department of Justice ELE Environmental Law Enforcement ENRO Environment and Natural Resources Office/r EO Executive Order ERDB Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau FFI Fauna and Flora International GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GPH Government of the Philippines GPS Global Positioning System IEC Information, Education and Communication IEM Integrated Ecosystem Management IEPTF Isabela Environmental Protection Task Force IP Indigenous Peoples IPRA Indigenous Peoples Rights Act IR Intermediate Results ISF Integrated Social Forestry KGV Kitanglad Guard Volunteers KWFR Kaliwa Watershed Forest Reserve LAWIN Landscape and Wildlife Indicators LGU Local Government Unit M & E Monitoring and Evaluation MOA Memorandum of Agreement

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MANP Mount Apo Natural Park MENRO Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office/r METT Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool MKWD Metro Water District MLET Multi-Sectoral Law Enforcement Team MLGU Municipal Local Government Unit MOA Memorandum of Agreement MPA Marine Protected Area MUZ Multiple Use Zone MVNP National Park NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples NGO Non-Government Organization NGP National Greening Program NIA National Irrigation Administration NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System NLNP Naujan Lake National Park NNNP Northern Negros Natural Park NSMNP Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park PA Protected Area PACBRMA Protected Area Community Based Resource Management Agreement PAMB Protected Area Management Board PASu Protected Area Superintendent PENRO Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office PD Presidential Decree PFG Partnership for Growth PNP Philippine National Police PP Presidential Proclamation QAW Quinali “A” Watershed RA Republic Act RED Regional Executive Director SAF Special Action Force SB Sangguniang Bayan SDM Species Distribution Model SLF Sanitary Landfill SMART Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool SPZ Strict Protection Zone SRPAO Survey and Registration of Protected Area Occupants SWM Solid Waste Management TESDA Technical Education and Skills Development Authority TOC Theory of Change TWG Technical Working Group UMRBPL Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape USAID United States Agency for International Development WPO Wood and Food Production Area WEO Wildlife Enforcement Officer

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Strengthening capacity for environmental law enforcement is a primary intervention designed to support B+WISER Program’s objective on conservation of biodiversity in forest areas and reduction of forest degradation in priority watersheds. In line with this, ELE orientation and assessment and action planning workshops were conducted in B+WISER sites. These are aimed at 1) familiarizing the stakeholders on environmental laws that are pertinent to the management, protection and conservation of the protected areas (PA) and watersheds; 2) coming up with an initial assessment of the current law enforcement situation, issues and challenges in the PA and watersheds; 3) formulating an action plan to strengthen environmental law enforcement; and 4) agreeing on the manpower, logistics, training /capability-building requirements and institutional arrangement/collaborative mechanisms for more effective law enforcement at the site level.

The assessments conducted revealed the major violations committed in each site and the specific locations where they commonly occur, the persons or groups who commit the violations and reasons for such violations. The assessments showed that the top violations that commonly occur across the sites are: 1) illegal charcoal-making and slash and burn/kaingin, 2) violations of the chainsaw law, 3) illegal occupation of lands inside the PA including illegal construction of structures and buildings; 4) illegal collecting, hunting, killing and trading of wildlife; 5) illegal tree cutting, 6) illegal mining and quarrying including the gathering of cave resources, and electrofishing and other violations of fisheries law (e,g in both freshwater and marine area of NSMNP), 7) violations of ecological solid waste management law, 8) burning in critical habitat/open burning, 9) vandalism/ defacing of caves, and 10) treasure hunting. If left unaddressed these violations might escalate further and threaten the biological diversity, ecological integrity and economic and cultural values of the various protected areas and watersheds found within the Program sites. The absence of violations within the Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park is a testament to the efficacy and effectiveness of the local enforcement set up that involves the organized local indigenous peoples (IPs) as volunteer park guards institutionally supported by the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB), Protected Areas Superintendent (PASU) office, Local Government Units (LGUs) and the local Depatment of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The contribution of the Indigeneous Peoples with still intact leadership structure, cultural values and belief systems was also highlighted.

It appeared that both need (e.g. food, subsitence livelihood and income, subsistence products , landlessness) and greed (land speculation, moneyed individuals who fund illegal activities to gain more money) coupled with weak enforcement and institutional and policy flaws (including the succession of different proclamations and overlapping laws that result in vague and conflicting interpretations on the ground) drive violations. Insights have also been provided on the capability of local enforcers to enforce the law and the gaps that need to be addressed including opportunities for collaboration among the various enforcement groups such as the DENR enforcers and deputized enforcers from LGUs, communities, the Philippine National Police (PNP), and the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). The initial action plans prepared (but not included in this report as they need to be further refined and approved en banc by local management bodies) contain specific activities that the local stakeholders themselves have identified and own as necessary to address the gaps assessed and strengthen the enforcement of environmental laws.

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The assessments provided on the ground information that helped B+WISER formulate the initial Theory of Change (TOC) on law enforcement at the Program level. The TOC has guided the refinement and implementation of the initial site-level action plan and conduct of adaptive management for strengthening ELE in each site.

Given the results of the workshops and as next steps, the following are recommended for B+WISER interventions:

 Overlay the violations hotspot maps prepared based on the assessment results with the results of the ecological assessments to refine the assessment of pressures and threats to important biological resources, habitats and ecosystem values. This will help determine areas that need to be monitored and patrolled to input in the operational plan as well as refine the overall strategy for strengthening enforcement in each site.

 B+WISER will help the management bodies (PAMBs and Watershed Councils) refine the initial ELE action plan, implement identified targeted strategies and practice adaptive management based on the TOC per site.

 Strategic interventions at the site level could include the following:

A. Strengthening the prevention part of environmental law enforcement through:

1) the promotion of sustainable natural resource based livelihoods and alternative livelihoods that will generate income for the local communities, including Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) establishment to compensate communities for their conservation efforts; 2) providing alternative, more sustainable sources of and technology for providing needed timber, food, fuel and fiber; 3) strengthening the capacity of local institutions (PAMB, LGUS, DENR, Tribal Councils) to manage and govern and; 4) implementation of Information, Education, Communication (IEC) and behavioral change interventions.

B. Application of Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) that will later transition into the Landscape and Wildlife Indicators (LAWIN) Toolkit to enable conservation to link better with environmental law enforcement;

C. Training and capacity building of environmental law enforcers both from the community and the government sectors and improving and sustaining their partnership, cooperation and collaboration;

D. Enactment and implementation of PAMB regulations and LGU support ordinances at the local level and strengthening national level policy and national support to local implementation;

E. Strengthening the contribution of the indigenous peoples, women and marginalized groups in ELE.

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 Explore other applicable innovative, technology-aided surveillance and quick response system in partnership with the private sector and other relevant organizations in the country and abroad;

 Success stories and lessons learned from ELE site interventions should be documented and disseminated and their possible policy implications should be distilled and shared with decision makers to benefit both local and national policy development and implementation.

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1. INTRODUCTION1

The Philippines Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience (B+WISER) Program broadly contributes to the Government of the Philippines (GPH)-U.S. Partnership for Growth (PFG) and United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) for the Philippines by focusing on inclusive and broad-based economic growth and sustainable ecosystem services.

The B+WISER Program prioritizes four intermediate results (IR) to improve natural resources and environmental services that complement and support the GPH in implementing environmental policies and programs and complement the CDCS development objective three: Environmental resilience improved. These IRs include: Conservation of biodiversity in forest areas; Reduction of forest degradation in priority watersheds; Enhanced capacity to conserve biodiversity, manage forests, and monitor low emissions development; and, Increased capacity for disaster management in highly vulnerable areas.

Strengthening capacity for environmental law enforcement is a primary program intervention designed to support the above-mentioned IRs, particularly on conservation of biodiversity in forest areas and reduction of forest degradation in priority watersheds.

The role in natural resources governance of well-defined laws and regulations and the presence of a robust system to enforce them cannot be overemphasized. Without an effective system for ensuring environmental compliance and for responding to violations, we will not be able to harness the power of laws and regulations to protect and conserve our forests and biological resources, ensure that they are properly utilized and managed, and thereby ensure our continued enjoyment of the services that they provide for our well-being.

Acts constituting violations of environment and natural resources laws are among the major threats to forests and biodiversity. ELE can help ensure that these violations are prevented, lessened or stopped. It should be stressed, however, that ELE does not involve apprehending violators alone. ELE is made up of several components constituting a chain or continuum consisting of: 1) prevention; 2) apprehension; 3) prosecution; 4) adjudication; and 5) service of sentence. Effective ELE requires the concurrence of all these components.

The Theory of Change (ToC) found in Annex 1 outlines the strategies and activities related to ELE and the assumptions on how these are linked to intermediate results and forest and biodiversity targets of the Program . The data from the assessments of ELE situation in the different sites have fed into the formulation of this initial ToC which the Program now uses as the context for providing targeted assistance on ELE. As part of adaptive management, data will continuously be gathered through the use of SMART LAWIN and in accordance with the ToC to refine and update the assessments and subsequently each site’s ELE action plan and the Program’s ELE interventions.

1 Prepared by B+WISER’s Policy and Governance Team (Dr. Maria Zita Toribio, Atty. Wilman C. Pollisco, Ms. Joyce Molina and Ms. Desiree Donceras . Mr. Oliver Agoncillo of USAID-OEE reviewed and provided valuable suggestions for the refinement of this report.

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B+WISER conducted ELE orientation and action planning workshops in all seven Program sites which as explained in the foregoing paragraph fed into the TOC formulation. These workshops aimed at 1) familiarizing the stakeholders on environmental laws that are pertinent to the management, protection and conservation of the protected areas (PA) and watershed to equip them do the ELE assessment ; 2) coming up with an initial assessment of the current law enforcement situation, issues, challenges and opportunities (including gender and IP issues, if any) related to ELE capacity strengthening in the PA and watershed; 3) formulating an action plan to address the gaps in capacity and thereby strengthen ELE; and 4) agreeing on the manpower, logistics, training/capability-building requirements and institutional arrangement / collaborative mechanisms for more effective law enforcement at the site level.

The ELE orientation, assessment and action planning activities were conducted at the Program sites on various dates from September 2013 to December 2014 (Table 1):

Table 1. Dates of ELE orientation, assessment and action planning workshop conducted

BWISER Sites Date of Conduct of ELE Orientation/ Assessment and Action Planning Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park (NSMNP) September 24, 2013 November 12-13, 2013 January 8, 2014 Mt. Apo Natural Park  Metro Kidapawan Water District April 24-25, 2014  Region 11 May 21-23, 2014  Region 12 June 18-20, 2014 Kaliwa Watershed Forest Reserve (KWFR) April 28-30, 2014 Naujan Lake National Park (NLNP) May 21-22, 2014 Quinali A Watershed  Mayon Volcano Natural Park June 23-25, 2014  Mt. Masaraga Watershed Forest June 23-25, 2014 Reserve Bago River Watershed Forest Reserve  Northern Negros Natural Park October 28-29, 2014  Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park Dec 9-10, 2014 Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park Dec 3-4, 2014

This report describes the method used and discusses the results of the assessment workshops conducted, including the activities targeted to be implemented in relation to the TOC.

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2. METHODOLOGY

The ELE orientation cum assessment and action planning activities were conducted over a two day period2 and involved both lectures and workshop sessions. The lectures aimed to equip the participants with technical inputs needed for the series of workshops that followed, which culminated in the preparation of an initial action plan for the site.

The first set of lectures consists of an overview of existing national laws and policies regarding the environment, biodiversity, watersheds and forestry, the prohibited acts and penalties and other law enforcement related provisions. The relevant environmental laws tackled in the ELE orientation and assessment of violations are found in Table 2 below:

Table 2. Major environmental laws covered by the ELE orientation and assessment workshops

Title Remarks Revised Forestry Code (Presidential Decree No. Presidential Decree No. 705, as amended or the Revised 705) Forestry Code of the Philippines lays down the basic principles of forest management and conservation, provides for the administration of forestry, the survey and classification of lands for purposes of forestry, and the use of forest resources. The last part of this Act enumerates the criminal offenses and the corresponding penalties. National Integrated and Protected Areas System The NIPAS Act provides for the establishment and (NIPAS) Act (Republic Act No. 7586) management of a National Integrated Protected Areas System which shall encompass outstanding remarkable areas and biologically important public lands that are habitats of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, biogeographic zones and related ecosystems, whether terrestrial, wetland or marine, all of which shall be designated as “protected areas.” It defines the scope and coverage of and the process and requirements for the establishment of protected areas. It also enumerates the prohibited acts and the corresponding penalties. Caves and Cave Resources Act (Republic Act No. Republic Act No. 9072 of 2001 also known as the National 9072) Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act, mandates the DENR to formulate, develop and implement a national program for the management, protection and conservation of caves and cave resources. It also enumerates prohibited acts and the corresponding penalties. Chainsaw Act of 2002 (Republic Act No. 9175) This Act regulates the ownership, possession, sale, importation and use of chainsaws, and penalizes violations thereof. Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act This Act provides for the conservation, preservation and (Republic Act No. 9147) protection of wildlife species and their habitats, in order to preserve and encourage ecological balance and biological diversity. It further provides for the control and supervision of wildlife capture, hunting and trade. It also provides for the support and promotion of scientific research on the protection of biodiversity. It also enumerates prohibited acts and the corresponding penalties

2 Three days in the case of Regions 11 and 12 activities in Mt. Apo Natural Park (MANP)

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Title Remarks Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 (Republic Act No. This Act provides for the development, management and 8550) conservation of the fisheries and aquatic resources and integrates all laws pertinent thereto. It also enumerates prohibited acts and the corresponding penalties. Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act This Act provides for the creation of water quality No. 9275) management areas, the abatement and control of pollution from land based sources, and lays down water quality standards and regulations. The Act applies to water quality management in all water bodies: fresh, brackish and marine waters. It also enumerates prohibited acts and the corresponding penalties. Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (Republic This Act provides for a systematic, comprehensive and Act No. 9003) of 2000 ecological solid waste management program that covers segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste, and all other waste management activities which do not harm the environment. It also enumerates prohibited acts and the corresponding penalties. Executive Order No. 23, s. 2011 This Executive Order declares a moratorium on the cutting and harvesting of timber in natural and residual forests and creates the anti-illegal logging task force.

The lectures on laws were followed by an orientation on the concepts and practices in environmental compliance and enforcement and elements of a good ELE action plan.

There were three workshops conducted. The first workshop was an assessment of the current environmental compliance and enforcement situation in the PA/watershed and immediate environs (e.g. bufferzone of the PA). The participants were grouped by municipality, except for NSMNP where the grouping was by DENR Community Environment and Natural Resources (CENRO) jurisdiction. Each group was asked to come up with a barangay-level violations hotspots map. The participants were provided guide questions for the workshop, as follows:

1. What major violations are being committed in relation to pertinent environmental laws (forestry, fisheries, wildlife, cave resources, PA, etc.) in your assigned locality? 2. What is the trend in the violations (rising, declining)? Where do they take place? Why do they continue to take place (driving forces)? 3. Who are and what is the sex of persons usually committing these violations and who are behind these violators? 4. What are now being done in the locality to promote law enforcement (from prevention to prosecution stages of the ELE continuum) and who are involved? 5. What major violations/threats remain largely unaddressed at present? 6. What is your vision concerning law enforcement in the PA?

The participants also used existing records of violations, results of past studies if any, existing violations / threats hotspots maps, surveillance data, and other available pertinent data for the first workshop.

The first workshop was followed by another set of lectures on the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) by a technical specialist from the Fauna and Flora International and on the basic rules on enforcement including on arrest, search, seizure/confiscation and detention; evidence gathering and preservation; photo-documentation by Tanggol Kalikasan resource person. The SMART presentation aimed at introducing an international computer-based tool that links ranger patrolling to biodiversity monitoring and conservation. More time was allotted for

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the lecture part (2 days) in MANP which also aimed at providing basic ELE training for barangay officials eyed to be deputized as ELE enforcers. In NSMNP, the Mabuwaya Foundation lectured on ‘Science-Based Environmental Law Enforcement’, highlighting their experience in linking science-derived information through Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) with patrolling and ELE efforts.

The second workshop was then conducted to assess the present capacity on ELE of existing law enforcement bodies/ institutions in the areas covered by the law enforcement initiatives of the PA. As in the first workshop, the participants were provided guide questions as follows:

1. What is the current protection/enforcement capacity of the site to: a) address the major/pressing threats to the PA due to violation of environmental laws and b) implement the stages in the ELE continuum (from prevention to prosecution) in terms of: a) Policy and institutional support at the local level (e.g. support ordinances, PAMB regulations) b) Core staff/body (e.g. deputized groups, multi-sectoral forest protection committee, DENR forest guards, LGU enforcers, deputized PAMB member enforcers) at barangay, municipal/city, provincial and PA levels? c) Pertinent training and skills; d) Logistics/resources (communication, mobility, budget, etc.) e) Institutional arrangements/partnerships/networking at various levels

2. What are the gaps (including gender-related issues) in your current protection/enforcement capacity in terms of the five aspects above?

The third workshop is then conducted to formulate the initial action plan aimed at strengthening environmental compliance and enforcement in the PA. The results of workshops 1 and 2 are used by the participants as inputs in formulating the action plan. A set of guide questions is given to the participants, as follows:

 What enforcement targets in relation to the major violations/threats do we want to achieve (e.g. reduce by 50% illegal cutting of trees by 2016)?  What are the specific priority actions (e.g.policy support, staff, resources, process/partnerships) we need to implement to address the priority gaps and challenges in environmental law enforcement and achieve our targets?  What is our timeframe for implementing these actions? What external assistance or partnerships (e.g. from private sector, etc.) do we need to strengthen local enforcement capacity/capability?  How do we monitor, evaluate, report progress?  How do we integrate efforts by different agencies/groups at barangay, municipal/city and provincial levels and at the PA level to achieve synergy, coordination and complementation in enforcement?  What institutional arrangement will work? What instrument(s) (e.g. MOA) is/ are needed to achieve above?

The participants summarized the results of the three workshops in template matrices provided by the Program

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3. RESULTS

This section discusses the summary of important findings from the three workshops conducted. The detailed outputs of the first two workshops designed to assess the ELE situation are in the Annexes. The draft/initial action plan prepared in the third workshop contains 1) enforcement targets, 2) priority actions needed to address the assessed gaps in capacity and meet the enforcement targets, 3) roles and accountability (with focus on who will be in charge of leading the action), 4) time frame for implementation of actions, 5) external assistance needed, and 6) monitoring and evaluation mechanism. The initial action plans, however, are not included in this report since they still need to be reviewed, refined, and finalized based on additional information generated from other B+WISER assessments and given formal imprimatur by the PAMBs/WMCs en banc. It should be explained that as part of adaptive management, data will continuously be gathered through the use of SMART LAWIN and in accordance with the TOC to refine and update the assessments and consequently the ELE action plan and B+WISER interventions.

Nonetheless, the key enforcement targets and activities identified to address the major violations are included in the summary discussion of results per site in this section. These targets and activities were identified by the stakeholders convened for this activity, which included the representatives of the DENR from any or combination of the Regional Office, Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office (PENRO), Community Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO), the Protected Area Superintendent (PASu) and staff, and representatives from PAMB, LGUs, and local community enforcers. The activities and targets that are applicable to and within the mandate of the DENR to do form part of their regular enforcement functions and consequently are part of their annual work plan.

General Findings on Violations

Table 3 shows the major violations and the sites where these violations have been committed. Based on the results, the most frequently cited violations are illegal charcoal making and kaingin (shifting cultivation) which are reportedly occurring across all the sites assessed. The other most commonly cited violations across the sites are: illegal occupation/squatting, mining/quarrying, unregistered chainsaw/illegal use of chainsaw, electrofishing (top 2) and illegal cutting of trees, improper disposal of garbage, and burning (top 3). Burning is done intentionally as part of land clearing in kaingin farming, as a technique for maintaining grazing areas for farm animals, to facilitate the hunting of wild deer which are attracted to graze on newly sprouted vegetation, and to drive away bees before collecting the honey they produce.

It appears from the Table that the sites with the most number of types of violations of environmental laws are MANP and QAW, with the latter site includes violations of fisheries laws. The sites with the least number of violations are NSMNP, MKNP and MKRNP, which are also the better managed sites based on the high management effectiveness tracking tool (METT) scores they obtained. There are no ELE violations occurring within the MKRNP, a testament to the effectiveness of the local enforcement setup in which the key players are the Kitanglad Guard Volunteers (KGV) which are being supported by the LGUs and the DENR. All of the almost 400 members of the KGVs are indigenous peoples. The effectiveness of law enforcement in this PA is physically evident in the intact natural forests within the PA and the results of the land cover analysis conducted by B+WISER which shows net improvement. Nonetheless, the violations that do occur within the fringes of this PA have to be addressed, lest they spill over and threaten the PA.

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Table 3. List of major violations across the Program Sites

B+WISER Sites Where Violations Occur

Total no. Percentage

of sites of sites with

Specfic Violations with this

BRWFR violation violations

QAW

NLNP

MANP

KWFR

NSMNP s (%)

MKRNP*

UMRBPL NNNP MKNP 1. Charcoal making ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 9 100 Kaingin Making ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 9 100 2. Use of chainsaw ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 8 89 w/o permit / Unregistered chainsaw 3. Illegal Occupation/ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 7 78 Squatting/proliferati on of illegal settlers Mining/quarrying ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 7 78 Wildlife gathering, ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 7 78 trading, hunting, poaching Electrofishing ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 7 78 Illegal timber ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 7 78 cutting 4. Improper disposal ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 6 67 of garbage 5. Burning in critical ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 5 56 habitat/open burning Vandalism/ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 5 56 defacing in caves Treasure hunting ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 5 56 6. Selling of claim ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 4 44 rights w/in the PA Gathering of ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 4 44 stalactites and stalagmites Establishment of ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 4 44 illegal structure Use of poison in ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 4 44 fishing 7. Agricultural ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 3 33 development in prohibited zone Aquatic pollution ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ 3 33 8. Illegal land ⃝ ⃝ 2 22 Conversion Illegal diversion of ⃝ ⃝ 2 22 water Open dumpsite ⃝ ⃝ 2 22 Gathering of birds’ ⃝ ⃝ 2 22 nests Non-segregation of ⃝ ⃝ 2 22 waste 9. Inflicting injury ⃝ 1 11 which cripples and/or impairs the reproductive

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B+WISER Sites Where Violations Occur

Total no. Percentage

of sites of sites with

Specfic Violations with this

BRWFR violation violations

QAW

NLNP

MANP

KWFR

NSMNP s (%)

MKRNP*

UMRBPL NNNP MKNP system of wildlife species Tampering ⃝ 1 11 engine/serial number of chainsaw Mutilating, defacing or ⃝ 1 11 destroying objects of natural beauty Removing destroying ⃝ 1 11 or defacing boundary marks Gold panning ⃝ 1 11 Game fowl breeding ⃝ 1 11 Selling of chainsaw ⃝ 1 11 w/o permit Illegal Pasture ⃝ 1 11 Illegal commercial ⃝ 1 11 fishing Fishing inside the ⃝ 1 11 sanctuary Use of fine mesh nets ⃝ 1 11 in fishing Dynamite fishing ⃝ 1 11 Illegal drilling of water ⃝ 1 11 wells Total No. Of Violations 13 13 14 18 22 14 7 8 20 Cited *violations are outside the PA

The succeeding discussion presents the results of the assessment per site.

3.1. NORTHERN SIERRA MADRE NATURAL PARK (NSMNP)

Three separate iterative assessment and action planning sessions leading to the preparation of an initial ELE action plan for the whole NSMNP were conducted. The first activity was held with the PASU, DENR CENRO and LGU personnel who are involved in ELE in NSMNP. The second activity was held with a larger group which includes the provincial government officials, PAMB members, and LGU and DENR staff and officials with ELE functions. The information gathered from the workshops included an assessment of the status of law enforcement, including the trend in violations, the prevailing enforcement system and capabilities, gaps and challenges and needed actions. The grouping of the participants was by CENRO jurisdiction, namely Naguillan (Ilagan and San Mariano), Cabagan (including Tumauini and San Pablo) and Palanan (coastal municipalities). The third session/iteration was conducted to update and consolidate all the pertinent information and inputs gathered from the two previous sessions to draft the ELE action plan for the whole NSMNP.

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Based on the three iterative assessment and action planning activities conducted, the following were identified as the major violations committed in NSMNP.

A. Terrestrial areas: 1. Timber poaching 2. Poaching, gathering and trading of threatened wildlife species 3. Destruction or degradation of critical habitats, caves and cave resources 4. Kaingin 5. Charcoal-making 6. Human intrusion in the strict protection zone 7. Illegal use of chainsaws 8. Quarrying 9. Surreptitious titling of lands

B. Coastal and Marine areas: 1. Poaching of pawikan and other threatened and endangered coastal and marine species 2. Illegal fishing

The matrices containing the detailed results of the assessments for the areas covered by the different DENR CENROs can be found in Annexes 2-A-C and summarized in Table 4 below:

Table 4. List of violations occurring in NSMNP by CENRO jurisdiction

CENRO Palanan, CENRO Cabagan, San CENRO Naguillan, San Laws Dinapigue, Divilacan, Pablo, Tumauini Mariano, Ilagan Maconacon PD 705 Illegal timber cutting Illegal timber cutting Illegal timber cutting and occupation of forest land Kaingin Kaingin and illegal occupation Illegal charcoal-making Charcoal making Illegal occupation (and issuance of Certificate of Land Ownership Award) NIPAS Act Illegal cutting of trees Illegal occupation Hunting Quarrying Wildlife Act Pawikan and giant fruit bats hunting Birds nest collection Fisheries Code Shell collection Electro-fishing in Electrofishing Electrofishing freshwater Use of fine mesh nets/compressor Illegal commercial fishing vessel Chain Saw Unregistered chain saw Illegal possession of chain saw Cave Resources Gathering of stalactites and stalagmites

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The specific areas where the major violations occur by CENRO jurisdiction are shown in Table 5. Annex Figure 1 shows map of areas considered as hotspots for charcoal-making and kaingin (shifting cultivation) within NSMNP.

Table 5. Specific areas where some of the major violations occur by CENRO jurisdiction

CENRO With Jurisdiction Over Areas Where Violation Occurs Palanan (Divilacan, Violations Cabagan, Tumauini, Naguillan (Ilagan, San Maconacon, Palanan, Cabagan Mariano) Dinapigue) Timber Poaching MUZ, SPZ and coastal San Pablo, Tumauini Within the marine zone Cabagan Pinancanauan river and Provincial and Barangay roads; City of IIagan, San Mariano Kaingin/charcoal making MUZ, SPZ and coastal San Pablo,Tumauini marine zone Cabagan Illegal occupation of San Pablo,Tumauini Ilagan, San Mariano forestlands Cabagan Quarrying Maconacon Sangay Diana River, PO River, Rosu River, Aplaya River; Divilacan and Palanan Gathering of stalactites and Tumauini stalagmites Bats and other wildlife NSMNP buffer zone Whole stretch of NSMNP hunting, collection, trading San Pablo & Tumauini Guano extraction Tumauini, San Pablo Unregistered /illegal Tumauini, San Pablo possession of chainsaw Electrofishing Upstream barangays San Pablo, Cabagan Unauthorized projects Tumauni inside PA Treasure hunting Coastal areas Destruction of scenic Brgy. San Isidro resources within the PA (e.g., waterfalls) Surreptitious titling All coastal municipalities Shell collection Coastal barangays Use of fine mesh nets Coastal barangays Compressor fishing Coastal barangays Encroachment of Divilacan commercial fishing vessels

The summary of existing efforts and capacity to address violations (Workshop 2 in Annexes 2-A- C) is presented in Table 6 below. While the presentation of the ELE initiatives is by CENRO, the LGUs and other local stakeholders provide assistance in these efforts.

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Table 6. Existing efforts on prevention and apprehensions in NSMNP, by CENRO

CENRO Palanan, CENRO Naguilian, CENRO Cabagan, San Pablo Activities Dinapigue, Maconacon, San Mariano Tumauini Divilacan Ilagan Prevention • IEC • Establishment of mobile • Regular prevention • Patrolling checkpoints activities (IEC, etc) • Implementation of EO • Provision of livelihood projects conducted in San 26, NGP • Continuous IEC Mariano and Ilagan • Infrastructure • Establishment of tree City development (farm to plantations market road) • Conduct of aerial surveillance • Conduct of Survey and Registration of Protected Area Occupants (SRPAO) • Enforcement of brgy registration policy Apprehension • Seizure and Seizure and Confiscation Confiscation 16 cases filed in RTC

The summary of existing ELE capacity in NSMNP by CENRO is presented in Table 7 below. The assessment covered also the efforts of LGUs, both municipality and province. For instance, Isabela province has created and supports the Isabela Environmental Protection Task Force (IEPTF). In addition, the province hires 23 full-time enforcers that work with the IEPTF. These enforcers are being provided P100 allowance a day and daily wage of P311 per day. These community enforcers are usually former violators or dependent on forest products gathering.. Other incentives being provided are t-shirt uniform, cellphone (per group of five members), and P500 monthly cellcard allowance. Bantay Gubat members who are hired by the DENR to conduct forest protection and environmental law enforcement to assist in the National Greening Program implementation receive P6,500 montly salary which will be raised to P8,000 under a new DENR guidelines.

Table 7. Assessment of existing capacity for ELE in NSMNP by CENRO grouping

CENRO Palanan CENRO Cabagan, CENRO Naguillan Ilagan, Component Divilacan, Maconacon, San Pablo, Tumauini San Mariano Dinapigue Local policy support SB Resolutions on Anti-Slash LGU legislations No data and Burn Activities PAMB resolutions

Zoning Ordinance

Municipal Ordinance prohibiting surreptious titling Staff/Body for Area is covered by operation High Medium enforcement of the Isabela Environmental Protection Task Force Covered by operations of Covered by operations of (ISEPTF) composed of 2 each ISEPTF ISEPTF of the representatives from the Army, academe, NGOs/Religious group, and POs; each DENR CENRO is a member of this Task Force which replaced the Bantay Kalikasan Brigade organized by Tanggol Kalikasan Municipal Anti Illegal Logging Barangay Peace Keeping 58 Bantay Gubat (DENR hired) Task Force (with the mayor as Action Team (BPAT) in 9 with breakdown as follows: the chair) brgys in the western part San Mariano- 20 Bantay Gubat

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CENRO Palanan CENRO Cabagan, CENRO Naguillan Ilagan, Component Divilacan, Maconacon, San Pablo, Tumauini San Mariano Dinapigue (45 total, 5 each for the 9 inside the buffer zone (2 for Tumauini brgys within the each brgy) buffer zone) which also Naguillan- 8 Bantay Gubat have forest protection BS- 5 Bantay Gubat function, but not deputized Ilagan-25 Bantay Gubat yet. There are Bantay Gubat, Bantay Dagat and Bantay Kalikasan Brigade (BKB) Training/ Insufficient Medium Medium Skills (Needs more skills on paralegal, surveying and mapping skills, skills on LGU implementation of CLUP/Zoning Ordinance, Deputation Training) Available Resources/ Insufficient Low Medium Logistics Aerial surveillance using hired ( LGU and PNP provides helicopters (provincial funds) support funds) Institutional Multisectoral involvement Low Medium Arrangements/ involving DENR, Partnerships PNP, Municipal, Brgy/ concerned citizens Major Issues/Gaps/ Limited funding for incentives Scarce funds Limited resources Constraints and logistical support for Weak Coordination Inadequate manpower operations Need to strengthen Understaff/unskilled staff, partnership/collaboration Weak coordination Political intervention by LGU Inadequate legal assistance for enforcers facing harrassment suits

The specific environmental law enforcement targets identified by the stakeholders during the action planning to address the foregoing violations and other related threats are listed below (also included as Annex 2-D).

A. Terrestrial areas: 1. Reduce timber poaching by 85% by 2017 2. Reduce poaching, gathering and trading of threatened wildlife species by 2017 3. Protect all critical habitats/ensure the integrity of established critical habitats 4. Protect/ensure integrity of caves and resources 5. Stop kaingin and other unsustainable agriculture practices within the strict protection zones and other critical habitats 6. Ensure sustainable farming and other livelihood practices within allowable zones 7. Strictly enforce adherence to traditional, sustainable practices within ancestral and A & D lands 8. Strictly regulate charcoal making by mid-2016 9. Strictly enforce PA management zones 10. Strictly enforce no human intrusions within SPZ in accordance with applicable laws 11. Strictly enforce chainsaw act 12. Strictly regulate quarrying 13. Stop surreptitious titling 14. Strictly enforce all other pertinent regulations including PAMB regulations

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B. Coastal and Marine areas 1. Stop poaching 2. Stop illegal fishing 3. Strictly regulate/enforce applicable laws and regulations on quarrying/mining 4. Strictly enforce marine protected area (MPA) regulations (LGU Divilacan) 5. Strictly enforce zoning and safety regulations 6. Implement sustainable livelihood activities

In order to meet the above targets, the following priority actions were identified by the local stakeholders (PAMB members, DENR, LGUs, community enforcers) convened for this purpose.

 Priority Action 1: Strengthen policy/good governance support for environmental law enforcement. This will require action of the PAMB and LGUs (Province, City, and Municipalities) in the formulation of policies or guidelines to support law enforcement, strict enforcement of ordinances and other regulations, provision of support for law enforcement activities, and establishment of transparent web database containing ordinances, laws and regulations, monitoring records, and other pertinent information. This will also require the action of the PAMB in updating its operations manual, formulation and implementation of support regulations and guidelines and the conduct of IEC on laws, policies and regulations.

 Priority Action 2: Strengthen Human Resource Requirements. This will involve identification of the number and type of additional forest protection/biodiversity enforcement officers/volunteers, and the hiring/organization/training and deputation of additional protection staff personnel.

 Priority Action 3: Strengthen Capability of Environmental Law Enforcers. This will involve training, procurement of equipment and logistics, and provision of incentives for enforcers as well as sustained flight surveillance of the Isabela Province Environmental Protection Task Force and the implementation of SMART/LAWIN. San Mariano LGU will use satellite cellphone in patrolling.

 Priority Action 4: Provide Alternative Sustainable Livelihood for Local Communities. Among those identified are ecotourism, micro-enterprises, rattan production, crab fattening, and honey production.

 Priority Action 5: Establish sustainable wood and food production areas (WPA) within Suitable Areas to Provide for Alternative Sources of Wood/Fuel, Food, other goods needed by communities and LGUs.

 Priority Action 6: Generate Timely, Sufficient, Secure and Sustainable Funding for the implementation of the ELE plan.

The details of each priority actions are found in the initial action plan that will be subsequently refined and finalized with the PAMB en banc, LGUs and field DENR (including the timeframe, milestone, responsibility center, resources and budget sharing arrangement among these local partners).

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The Provincial LGU of Isabela, the LGUs of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, San Mariano, and Tumauini, and the DENR CENROs of Palanan, Naguilian and Cabagan, and the PENRO have expressed their commitment to reduce forest deterioration and degradation through the implementation of the ELE action plan and operationalization of the SMART/LAWIN. The PENRO and the Provincial LGU also gave their commitment to continue the conduct of aerial surveillance and to add the additional areas identified as hotspots during the ELE violations assessment workshop.

The following was the process agreed upon by the workshop participants for formally approving and mainstreaming the initial ELE action plan for NSMNP and its implementation. The other sites are also adopting this process.

Table 8. Process for ELE Plan Implementation

Process Remarks Formal approval of plan ELE Plan to be formally approved by PAMB of both NSMNP and Tumauini Watershed Reserve (TWR) (for the portions of this initial component that overlaps with NSMNP); DENR Region/PENRO and all LGUs within NSMNP Integration in partner’s plan/mainstreaming/ ELE plan has to be integrated into the NSMNP PA institutionalization of the ELE plan Management Plan and the plan/program for TWR as well as into the following LGU plans: Annual Investment Plan (AIP) of respective municipalities, cities and provinces (for budgeting)

The ELE plan has to be integrated also/made part of the Isabela Environmental Protection Task Force action plan for NSMNP Implementation of the plan The PASU and PAMB will provide the overall supervision in the implementation of the ELE action plan

The LGUs will co-implement with the PAMB and DENR, activities assigned to them Measuring progress of plan implementation (M The PASU will be the lead with the Execom (progress and E) reporting will be part of regular/quarterly meeting)

The following have been identified as possible sources of assistance/funding for the action plan implementation:

Table 9. Possible sources of assistance/funding for action plan implementation

Need Possible sources of assistance Training on biodiversity monitoring, ELE Mabuwaya Foundation Sustainable livelihood, ecotourism-related livelihood, Department of Science and Technology, Department of micro-enterprises Trade and Industry, Department of Labor and Employment Loans and livelihood training Local cooperatives, TESDA on livelihood training Food and agricultural production (sustainable) Department of Agriculture Coastal and marine protection DA-BFAR Irrigation support NIA Training for IPs National Commission for Indigenous Peoples Funding and logistics support Coca-Cola, Globe, Nestle, Toyota, Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation, World Wildlife Fund, Tanggol Kalikasan, Lopez group, Save more, Prudential Life, Development Bank of the Philippines

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3.2. UPPER MARIKINA RIVER BASIN PROTECTED LANDSCAPE (UMRBPL)

The following were identified as the major violations committed in UMRBPL during the workshops conducted:

1. Charcoal-making 2. Kaingin 3. Illegal pasture 4. Illegal timber cutting 5. Squatting/ informal settlers’ encroachment 6. Illegal hunting of wildlife 7. Illegal construction / establishment of structures and buildings 8. Gold-panning 9. Garbage disposal / improper solid waste management 10. Destruction / degradation of caves and cave resources 11. Illegal use of chainsaws 12. Illegal fishing 13. Water polluting activities

The details of the assessment on violations, including their causes are presented in Annex 3. It should be noted that land speculation is an increasing concern because of rising land value, this area being near Metro Manila. Land speculation, the relocation by the Municipal Water and Sewerage System (MWSS) of people from seven barangays affected by the construction of the Laiban Dam, and even the plan of the government to relocate persons affected by Typhoon Ondoy inside the Park have resulted/will result in the increased number of people (who are potential violators if proper controls are not put in place) inside the Park.

The details of the assessment on violations are presented in Annex 3.

The participants provided varied levels of rating on different parameters of capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/institutions in UMRBPL (Table 10). To illustrate, the rating is high in terms of staff complement when it comes to addressing the threats of charcoal-making and kaingin while the rating is low in terms of addressing the threats of squatting/encroachment and illegal construction of buildings and structures. In terms of training and skills the rating is medium both for addressing the violations and implementing stages in the ELE continuum. With regard to logistics and resources, the ratings ranged from low to medium in terms of addressing threats and implementing stages in the ELE continuum. In terms of institutional arrangements partnerships/networking at various levels, the rating is medium for both addressing violations and implementing stages in ELE. Among the gaps identified are lack of manpower, insufficient resources/ equipment, lack of funds, lack of training, and no control over in-migration. With regard to the illegal construction of buildings and structures specifically resorts, it was revealed that the owners of these buildings are persons in power or who possess power and influence and thus efforts to dismantle these will be difficult. Table 10 contains the other results of the assessment of the present capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/ institutions in UMRBPL. The actions to address the gaps in capacity are contained in the action plans.

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Table 10. Summary of the present capacity assessment results for UMRBPL

Capacity to Implement Capacity to Address Component Stages in the ELE Gaps Violations Continuum Policy Support Very low in terms of charcoal- High in terms of Absence of local policy making except for Baras and prevention, apprehension support in Antipolo and Tanay and prosecution Rodriguez (administrative) Low in terms of kaingin-making, timber poaching, squatting/ encroachment and establishment of permanent structure Core Staff/Body Medium to High in terms of High in terms of Lack of manpower charcoal prevention and apprehension except for Insufficient resources/ Low in terms of Rodriguez (Low to equipment squatting/encroachment and Medium) and Baras establishment of permanent (Low) Lack of funds structure Training and Skills No rating given but insufficiency No rating was given Lack of training of training and skills was expressed No control over in-migration. Logistics and Resources Low to Medium Low to Medium With regard to the illegal Institutional No rating was given No rating was given construction of buildings and Arrangements, structures specifically Partnerships/Networking resorts, the owners of these at Various Levels buildings are persons in power or who possess power and influence

The specific targets identified by the stakeholders to address the foregoing violations and other related threats are as follows:

1. Reduce charcoal making by 75% by 2017 2. Reduce kaingin by 50% by 2017 3. Prevent/minimize further encroachment into the PA

In order to meet the above targets, the following priority actions were identified by the stakeholders:

1. LGUs (Municipal and Barangay) to pass and enforce support ordinances and other issuances and for the PAMB to approve and pass appropriate resolutions 2. Strengthen livelihood support such as charcoal briquetting, enterprise development and other sustainable livelihood programs 3. Training and deputation of environmental law enforcers 4. Conduct IEC and training on values formation 5. Close coordination with the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) on IP concerns 6. Issuance by PAMB of a Resolution prohibiting Barangay Chairmen from issuing new certificates of occupancy in the PA 7. Set up billboards and signages on prohibitions and boundaries of the PA

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The detailed outputs of the workshops and violations maps of UMRBPL are hereto attached as Annex 3.

3.3. KALIWA WATERSHED FOREST RESERVE (KWFR)

The following were identified as the major violations committed in KWFR during the workshops:

1. Illegal hunting and killing of wildlife 2. Illegal gathering of wild flora 3. Illegal use of chainsaws 4. Timber poaching, illegal cutting, transport, and possession of timber 5. Charcoal-making 6. Illegal gathering of cave resources 7. Illegal fishing 8. Water pollution 9. Mining 10. Illegal occupation 11. Illegal construction / establishment of structures and buildings 12. Garbage disposal / improper solid waste management 13. Selling / leasing of IP rights to lowlanders/non-IPs/land speculators

With regard to the present capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/institutions in KWFR, the participants gave varied ratings on the different parameters (policy support, core staff/body, training/ skills, equipment/logistics/resources, and institutional arrangements/partnerships) assessed. General Nakar LGU together with the DENR have created Barangay Law Enforcement Teams (BLET) which need to be further and closely supported to strengthen their operations. As mentioned the capacity was assessed in terms of: 1) capacity to address violation of laws and 2) capacity to implement the different stages in ELE continuum from prevention to prosecution (administrative adjudication being a mandate of the DENR and criminal adjudication by the courts). In terms of capacity in terms of core staff/ body in charge of enforcement, the ratings given were low to medium. Training and skills of the enforcers was given medium rating Logistics and resources for ELE was perceived as inadequate with rating of low to medium. Institutional arrangements / partnerships /networking of enforcers (DENR, LGUs, uniformed personnel, communities) at various levels (province, municipality, region) were given medium rating. The presence of long standing conflicts (e.g. between two IP groups- Dumagat- Remontados and Agta-Remontados, between the IPs claiming more than 90% of land area of General Nakar as their ancestral domain and the municipal LGU) can pose a barrier to stronger and effective partnerships and collaborations in ELE. This is concern that should be addressed primarily by the local institutions, including the NCIP. Another concern is the presence of military operations (Armed Forces of the Philippines vs. National People’s Army) which limits the area of patrolling and ELE. However, this may also have a positive effect, as this serve as deterrent to encroachment and violations.

Among the gaps identified are lack of manpower, insufficient resources/equipment, lack of funds, lack of training, and lack of legal assistance for enforcers. Table 11 summarizes the results of the assessment of the present capability/capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/ institutions in KWFR. The actions to address the gaps are contained in the action plans.

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Table 11. KWFR Summary of the assessment of present capacity on ELE

Capacity to Capacity to Address Component Implement Gaps Major Violations Stages in ELE Policy Support High in terms of Low to Medium in Mining is unattended at charcoal making and terms of present solid waste prevention, apprehension and Legal support in Medium in terms of prosecution prosecution is lacking in wildlife poaching Nakar

Low to medium in terms of timber poaching

Low in terms of kaingin Core Staff/Body Low to medium in No data Lack of manpower terms of timber poaching, kaingin- Insufficient resources/ making and wildlife equipment collection Lack of funds High in terms of charcoal-making and Lack of paralegal training solid waste Lack of legal support for Training and Skills Medium No data enforcers

Logistics and Resources Low to Medium No data

Institutional Arrangements, Medium No data Partnerships/Networking at Various Levels

The specific targets identified by the stakeholders to address the foregoing violations and other related threats are as follows:

1. Establish the baseline data including monitoring indicators on the major violations per municipality 2. Strictly enforce the Wildlife Act (to reduce wildlife trafficking) and the Forestry Code 3. Prevent/Minimize further encroachment into the protected area 4. Ensure that the tenured migrants perform their role in protecting their tenured area pursuant to their Community Resource Management Plan (CRMP) and Protected Area Community-Based Resource Management Agreement (PACBRMA) 5. Strengthen linkages with the Dumagat-Remontado Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim (CADC) holder 6. Strengthen preventive mechanisms 7. Strengthen linkages with other enforcement agencies/groups

In order to meet the above targets, the following priority actions were identified by the stakeholders:

1. Completion of the survey and registration of protected area occupants (SRPAO) 2. Training and deputation of environmental law enforcers

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3. LGUs (Municipal and Barangay) to pass and enforce support ordinances and other issuances 4. Conduct IEC and set up billboards and signage 5. Reorient the PACBRMA holders, evaluate the status of their compliance, and explore the possibility of deputizing them 6. Strengthen livelihood support such as charcoal briquetting, seedling production, ecotourism and use of minor forest products for livelihood 7. Explore how the Provincial LGU can provide support; identify possible sources of external assistance

The detailed outputs of the workshops and violations maps of KWFR are hereto attached as Annex 4.

3.4. NAUJAN LAKE NATIONAL PARK (NLNP)

The following were identified as the major violations committed in NLNP during the workshops conducted:

1. Cutting, gathering, collecting, removing timber or forest products without any permit 2. Kaingin 3. Charcoal-making 4. Illegal use of chainsaws 5. Illegal squatting, mineral locating or occupying land inside the PA or in critical habitats 6. Illegal hunting, collecting, killing and trading of wildlife 7. Garbage disposal / improper solid waste management 8. Illegal fishing 9. Aquatic / water pollution 10. Illegal conversion of mangrove areas to fishponds 11. Illegal construction / establishment of structures and buildings 12. Treasure hunting

With regard to the present capability/capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/ institutions in NLNP, the ratings range from low to high depending on the component. Thus, in terms of core staff/body, the ratings are low to medium. However, with regard to the core staff/body involved in the enforcement of coastal laws and ordinances, the rating is high. In terms of training and skills the ratings are low to medium. With regard to logistics and resources, the ratings are very low to medium. However, with regard to logistics and resources in the enforcement of coastal laws and ordinances, the rating is high. In terms of institutional arrangements / partnerships / networking at various levels, the ratings are low to medium. Among the gaps identified are lack of manpower, insufficient resources/equipment, lack of funds, lack of information dissemination, lack of coordination among the different stakeholders, and lack of training.

Table 12 summarizes the results of the assessment of the present capability/capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/institutions in NLNP. The actions to address the gaps are contained in the action plans.

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Table 12. NLNP Summary of the present capacity assessment results

Capacity to Capacity to Address Component Implement Gaps Violations Stages in ELE Policy Support Low to Medium for Low to Medium in  Lack of strict illegal cutting of trees, terms of implementation of illegal use of chainsaw, prevention, barangay/municipal illegal conversion of apprehension and ordinances and mangrove to fishpond, prosecution resolutions wildlife gathering and except for wildlife  Lack of coordination illegal commercial gathering (High) in the implementation fishing of the ordinance  Occasional patrolling Core Staff/Body High – for coastal laws Low to Medium in Lack of manpower and ordinances terms of prevention, Insufficient resources/ Low to Medium – for apprehension, equipment other laws and prosecution. Training and Skills Low to Medium Low to Medium in Lack of funds terms of prevention, Lack of information apprehension and dissemination prosecution Logistics and Resources High – for coastal laws Low to Medium in Lack of coordination and ordinances terms of among the different prevention, stakeholders Very Low to Medium – apprehension and for other laws prosecution Lack of training Institutional Arrangements, Low to Medium Low to High but Partnerships/Networking at mostly Low Various Levels

In order to address the violations committed in NLNP, the following priority actions were identified by the stakeholders:

1. Training and deputation of environmental law enforcers 2. Provide incentives to environmental law enforcers 3. Strengthen barangay level enforcement 4. Provide equipment, supplies, logistics and funding support to environmental law enforcers and enforcement activities 5. Provide / strengthen livelihood programs 6. Conduct IEC 7. LGUs to pass and enforce support ordinances and other issuances 8. Establish incentives and rewards system

The detailed outputs of the workshops and violations maps of NLNP are hereto attached as Annex 5.

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3.5. QUINALI “A” WATERSHED (QAW)

The following were identified as the major violations committed in QAW during the workshops conducted:

1. Illegal cutting / gathering / possession of timber and other forest products 2. Kaingin 3. Charcoal-making 4. Illegal hunting, collecting, killing and trading of wildlife 5. Illegal fishing 6. Destruction / degradation of caves and cave resources 7. Illegal gathering of cave resources 8. Illegal use of chainsaws 9. Burning of agricultural waste / improper solid waste management 10. Illegal occupation / squatting in PAs and along riparian zones 11. Drilling of wells without permits 12. Illegal quarrying / mining 13. Treasure hunting

With regard to the present capability/capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/ institutions in QAW, the ratings ranged from low to high depending on the component assessed. Thus, in terms of core staff/body, the ratings are mostly low to medium. In terms of training and skills the ratings are from very low to high. Those relating to fishery law enforcement have a high rating. With regard to logistics and resources, the ratings are from very low to medium but majority of the ratings are low. In terms of institutional arrangements / partnerships / networking at various levels, the ratings are low to high. Those that relate to the enforcement of fishery laws have a high rating. Among the gaps identified are lack of manpower, insufficient resources / equipment, lack of funds, lack of training, absence of ordinances / regulations, lack of coordination or communication among the different concerned agencies, lack of livelihood support, and lack of legal support. Table 13 summarizes the results of the assessment of the present capability/capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/institutions in QAW. The actions to address the gaps are contained in the action plans.

Table 13. Quinali “A” Summary of the present capacity assessment results

Capacity to Capacity to Address Component Implement Stages in Gaps Violations the ELE Continuum Policy Support Low in terms of Solid waste High in terms of Absence of MOA with management (Ligao City) prevention junkshop operators and other partners

Very low in terms of illegal Low in terms of Absence of institutional logging; High in squatting prevention support e.g. livelihood (Polangui) DENR has no forest Very low to low in terms of Very low in terms of ranger; PNP is mining, illegal logging and prevention; Medium in undermanned; and LGU charcoal making; Medium in terms of apprehension has no Bantay Gubat commercial fishing of forestry and fishery encroachment, dynamite fishing law violations in (Oas) and use of fine mesh net (Oas) Low to medium in Uncooperative barangay Very low in terms of Wildlife terms of prevention, officials violations; Low in terms of apprehension and

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Capacity to Capacity to Address Component Implement Stages in Gaps Violations the ELE Continuum forestry violations; Medium in prosecution of wildlife, terms of Fishery violations fishery and forestry (Libon) law violations (Libon)

No data No LGU representative Very low in terms of chainsaw law violations; High in terms of illegal logging (Guinobatan and Camalig) Core Staff/Body Very Low to Medium but mostly Very Low to Medium Lack of manpower very low in terms of prevention and apprehension Insufficient resources/ Training and Skills High – for fishery law Low to Medium in equipment enforcement terms of prevention, Very Low to Medium – for other apprehension and Lack of funds laws prosecution Logistics and Very Low to Medium but mostly Medium in terms of Lack of training Resources Low prevention Institutional High – for fishery law High in terms of Absence of Arrangements, enforcement prevention ordinances/regulations Partnerships/Networkin g at Various Levels Low to Medium – for other laws Lack of coordination or communication among the different concerned agencies

Lack of livelihood support

Lack of legal support

The specific targets identified by the stakeholders to address the foregoing violations and other related threats are as follows:

1. Implementation of proper solid waste management 2. Reduce squatting / illegal structures along riparian zones 3. Reduce illegal cutting of timber 4. Reduce kaingin 5. Strengthen evidence gathering for use in the filing of cases 6. Reduce mining / treasure hunting in Mt. Masaraga 7. Reduce illegal charcoal-making 8. Reduce encroachment of commercial fishing vessels in municipal waters 9. Reduce illegal fishing 10. Reduce illegal use of chainsaw

In order to meet the above targets, the following priority actions were identified by the stakeholders:

1. LGUs to pass and enforce support ordinances and other issuances 2. Conduct IEC 3. Provide / strengthen livelihood programs 4. Establish incentives and rewards system 5. Training and deputation of environmental law enforcers

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6. Provide incentives to environmental law enforcers 7. Provide equipment, supplies, logistics and funding support to environmental law enforcers and enforcement activities 8. Request funding or other support from the Provincial LGU 9. Identify areas for reforestation projects

The detailed outputs of the workshops and violations maps of QAW are hereto attached as Annex 6.

3.6. NORTHERN NEGROS NATURAL PARK (NNNP)

The following were identified as the major violations committed in NNNP during the workshops conducted:

1. Timber poaching / illegal cutting 2. Illegal charcoal-making 3. Illegal occupation of lands inside the PA 4. Illegal construction / establishment of structures and buildings 5. Illegal hunting, collecting, killing and trading of wildlife 6. Kaingin 7. Illegal gathering of cave resources 8. Treasure hunting 9. Quarrying / mining 10. Illegal use of chainsaw 11. Improper solid waste management

In this site, the proliferation of illegal structures was very problematic as even powerful, rich individuals build resorts and homes inside the park.

With regard to the present capability/capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/ institutions in NNNP, the ratings range from low to high depending on the component assessed. Thus, in terms of core staff/body, the ratings are low to medium. In terms of training and skills the ratings are from low to medium. With regard to logistics and resources, the ratings are low to medium. In terms of institutional arrangements / partnerships / networking at various levels, the ratings are low to medium. Among the gaps identified are lack of manpower, insufficient resources / equipment, lack of funds, lack of training and deputation, and absence of ordinances / regulations.

Table 14 summarizes the results of the assessment of the present capability/capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/institutions in NNNP. The actions to address the gaps are contained in the action plans.

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Table 14. NNNP Summary of the present capacity assessment results

Capacity to Capacity to Address Implement Component Gaps Violations Stages in the ELE Continuum Policy Support Low for squatting/ Low in terms of No local ordinance in the illegal occupancy, crime prevention PA on squatting wildlife collection, and surveillance charcoal making (Salvador Non (Talisay ad Salvador Benedicto, Cadiz) implementation/compliance Benedicto) to local policies

High in terms of Medium in terms addressing charcoal, of crime littering and chainsaw prevention, ( City) surveillance and arrest Core Staff/Body Low for squatting and Low to medium Lack of manpower wildlife collection Insufficient resources/ Medium for equipment addressing illegal structure and charcoal Lack of funds making Training and Skills Low to Medium Low to medium Lack of training and except for Talisay deputation (WEO/ELE which rated high enforcer) in terms of violations on Absence of ordinances / charcoal making regulations Logistics and Resources Low to Medium Low to medium except for Talisay which rated high in terms of violations on charcoal making Institutional Arrangements, Low to Medium High for Talisay Partnerships/Networking at Various Levels

The specific targets identified by the stakeholders to address the foregoing violations and other related threats are as follows:

1. Relocate residents from high risk or hazard prone areas to designated/established relocation sites 2. Reduce / minimize charcoal-making 3. Prohibit further expansion of illegal structures in the PA 4. Stop illegal quarrying 5. Reduce illegal cutting, manufacture and transport of charcoal and other forest products 6. Relocate illegal occupants 7. Stop the illegal use of chainsaws 8. Implement and enforce proper solid waste management

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In order to meet the above targets, the following priority actions were identified by the stakeholders:

1. Complete the inventory of illegal structures and identify and develop relocation site/s 2. Training and deputation of environmental law enforcers 3. Provide incentives to environmental law enforcers 4. Provide equipment, supplies, logistics and funding support to environmental law enforcers and enforcement activities 5. Provide / strengthen livelihood programs 6. Conduct IEC and set up billboards and signage

The detailed outputs of the workshops and violations maps of NNNP are hereto attached as Annex 7.

3.7. MOUNT KANLAON NATURAL PARK (MKNP)

The following were identified as the major violations committed in MKNP during the workshops conducted:

1. Charcoal making and fuel wood collection 2. Kaingin 3. Timber poaching 4. Gathering of wild honey inside the PA 5. Illegal occupation/ Squatting 6. Game fowl breeding 7. Selling of rights within the Park 8. Sugarcane farming 9. Illegal trekking 10. Intentional burning/arson of fields 11. Illegal excavation/quarrying

With regard to the present capability/capacity of existing law enforcement bodies / institutions in MKNP, the stakeholders proceeded to identify the present gaps. These are as follows:

1. Lack of training 2. Lack of enforcement personnel. Thus, there is a need to train and deputize more ELE enforcers / Kanlaon Green Brigade (KGB) members for the whole MKNP area. 3. Absence of deputized Wildlife Enforcement Officers (WEO) 4. Insufficient resources/ equipment 5. Lack of financial support/budget

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Table 15. MKNP Summary of the present capacity assessment results

Component Capacity to Address Capacity to Gaps Violations Implement Stages in the ELE Continuum Policy Support No data No data No data Core Staff/Body No data No data Need to train and deputize Training and Skills No data No data more ELE enforcers/ KGB for Logistics and Resources No data No data the whole MKNP area Institutional Arrangements, No data No data Partnerships/Networking at No deputized WEO Various Levels Lack of financial support/ budget

The specific targets identified by the stakeholders to address the foregoing violations and other related threats are as follows:

1. Strengthen training and capability-building support for ELE 2. Provide Policy Support for ELE at the PAMB and LGU levels 3. Stop sugarcane farming after crop year 2017- 2018 within the entire PA 4. Stop the titling of lands inside the PA immediately 5. Stop the selling of rights inside the PA 6. LGU budget allocation for PA management 7. Set the rates to be collected as user fees 8. Stop illegal occupation 9. Stop illegal charcoal making 10. Stop timber cutting 11. Stop traditional kaingin by 2015. Regulate burning of areas for sedentary farming, grazing, hunting and farming

In order to meet the above targets, the following priority actions were identified by the stakeholders:

1. Sustain biodiversity assessment and monitoring using Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) enhanced by information on High Conservation Value Area (HCVA) and link to SMART; Retrain additional persons for BMS (SMART included); Explore possible support for SMART/BMS. 2. Generate sustainable alternative livelihood activities that are compatible with PA management and within a designated zone for communities (e.g. ecotourism-based livelihood). 3. Provide additional incentives/honorarium and logistical support for KGB. 4. Training on policy formulation for LGUs and PAMB members. 5. To stop sugarcane farming --- Issue PAMB Resolution, stricter law enforcement, inventory and survey of all sugarcane plantations, issue notices, conduct administrative hearings, impose the penalty provided in RA 9154 (MKNP Act) on violators, conduct IEC. 6. Request DENR to take appropriate action to stop titling of lands inside the PA. 7. Through a PAMB Resolution, request LGUs to conduct IEC campaign stopping the practice of selling of rights inside the PA. 8. Through a PAMB resolution, request LGUs to allocate a certain amount per year for specific PA protection and conservation activities in areas of the PA that are within their territorial boundaries. 9. Charge user fees.

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10. To stop illegal occupation --- Strict law enforcement, provide policy support, validate result of SRPAO, relocate present illegal settlers, identify relocation sites, effect relocation in coordination with LGUs, prohibit prospective illegal settlers, conduct community organizing, IEC, and other similar activities. 11. Issue tenure instruments to qualified entities to prevent illegal activities. 12. Regulate sedentary types of kaingin.

The detailed outputs of the workshops and violations maps of MKNP are hereto attached as Annex 8.

3.8. MOUNT KITANGLAD RANGE NATURAL PARK (MKRNP)

MKRNP tells a totally different story compared to the other sites when it comes to violations. The stakeholders of MKRNP who attended the workshop reported that there were no violations committed inside the PA itself. The participants reported that the violations are being committed outside the PA with some violations being committed near the boundaries of the PA. However, although the violations are committed outside the PA, they are considered as threats to the PA that need to be addressed. The absence of violations within the PA may explain why this site experienced net forest cover gain based on the land use cover change analysis of B+WISER for the period 2003-2010. This is a good testament to the link between good environmental law enforcement and biophysical improvement. The ability to enforce well and the good biophysical outcome on the ground may also be linked to the high management effectiveness tracking tool (METT) score of this PA.

The stakeholders then proceeded to identify the violations committed outside the MKRNP but which threaten the PA. The violations are as follows:

1. Kaingin 2. Charcoal making and transport of charcoal 3. Illegal logging 4. Squatting / Illegal occupation 5. Discharging/depositing of waste and other material in bodies of water 6. Use of chainsaw without permit 7. Use of noxious substances in fishing 8. Operation of open dumps 9. Illegal selling of lands (e.g. from IP to non-IP)

With regard to the present capability/capacity of existing law enforcement bodies / institutions in MKRNP, the stakeholders reported that they have a strong and effective enforcement system which has resulted in no violations being committed inside the PA. The contribution of the trained and institutionally supported Kitanglad Guard Volunteers (KGV) composed of the locality’s indigenous peoples and the tight, still intact cultural beliefs and values of the IPs to the successful ELE was highlighted. However, the violations being committed outside the PA are threats to the PA that need to be addressed by, for example, improving linkage with enforcement bodies and organizations outside the park. The stakeholders identified specific targets and priority actions to address these threats. The specific targets identified are as follows:

1. Strengthen Policy Support for ELE at the PAMB and LGU levels 2. Further strengthen training and capability-building support for ELE

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3. Improve/formalize coordination with regular law enforcement agencies, bodies and task forces

In order to meet the above targets, the following priority actions were identified by the stakeholders:

1. Training on policy formulation 2. Preparation and approval of priority policy 3. Paralegal training 4. Improve the provision of incentives for the Kitanglad Guard Volunteers (KGVs) including those relating to livelihood 5. Generate more funding to support ELE (including for tribal guards, Council of Elders and Balagad Hu Kabunturan) 6. Creation of MKRNP level ELE Task Force (composed of KGV, LGU, PA staff, PNP, Military, etc.) 7. Strengthen coordination with municipal and provincial level anti-illegal logging task forces 8. Training on fire management, first aid and safety 9. Preparation of contingency/disaster preparedness plan

The detailed outputs of the workshops and violations maps of MKRNP are hereto attached as Annex 9.

3.9. MOUNT APO NATURAL PARK (MANP)

Three separate activities were conducted in MANP involving barangay and municipal LGUs, PAMB members, PASU staff, and DENR personnel in Regions XI and XII for the ELE training, assessment and action planning workshops. Instead of the usual two-day activity, the activities for Regions XI and XII portions of MANP spanned three days, as the usual ELE orientation part was made into a two-day ELE training for potential community (barangay-level) enforcers who will later form the core volunteer enforcers for MANP. The following were identified as the major violations committed in MANP during the workshops conducted:

1. Illegal logging/cutting/timber poaching 2. Kaingin 3. Illegal hunting, killing, injuring, collecting, gathering, and trading of wildlife 4. Squatting / encroachment / illegal occupation of land inside the PA 5. Illegal mining/quarrying/mineral locating 6. Burning in critical habitat 7. Mutilating, defacing or destroying objects of natural beauty 8. Removing destroying or defacing boundary marks 9. Use of motorized equipment without a permit 10. Illegal dumping / disposal of waste / improper solid waste management 11. Charcoal making 12. Illegal possession/use of chainsaws 13. Tampering of serial number of chainsaws 14. Destruction of cave resources 15. Illegal fishing (electro-fishing)

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With regard to the present capability/capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/ institutions in MANP, the ratings range from very low to medium depending on the component. Thus, in terms of core staff/body, the ratings are very low to medium with majority of LGUs having low as a rating.

In terms of training and skills the ratings are from low to medium with majority of LGUs having low as a rating. With regard to logistics and resources, the ratings are low to medium with majority of LGUs having low as a rating. The need for sustained support for the ‘allowance’ of DENR deputized and hired enforcers emerged. For instance, for Region XII, the ‘deputized/hired enforcers’ are normally paid for 3-4 months a year only depending on funds availability. This results in unsustained patrolling activities. It also appeared that local IPs conduct also patrolling in their ancestral domain claim areas but receive little support, which usually come from the firms operating within the Park. For instance, the Metro Kidapawan Water District currently supports only and pays ‘allowance’ of 15 volunteer PO members who conduct forest monitoring. Energy Development Corporation (EDC) also pays community member patrollers to guard their areas of operation, including their reforestation area

In terms of institutional arrangements / partnerships / networking at various levels, the ratings are very low to medium with majority of LGUs having low as a rating. Since MANP covers two regions, the need to strengthen the coordination and collaboration among the different institutons (DENR, LGUs, PAMB, regular enforcement organizations) emerged. The need to maximize the contribution of private and public firms and tenure holders operating inside the park on ELE in terms of support for enforcers and the equipment and logistical needs also appeared. Among the other gaps identified are lack of manpower, insufficient resources / equipment, lack of funds, lack of training and deputation, and absence of ordinances / regulations. Table 16 summarizes the results of the assessment of the present capability/capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/institutions in MANP. The actions to address the gaps are contained in the action plans.

Table 16. MANP Summary of the present capacity assessment results

Capacity to Capacity to Address Implement Stages Component Gaps Violations in the ELE Continuum Core Staff/Body Very low to medium but Very low to medium Lack of mostly low but mostly low personnel/manpower Training and Skills Low to Medium but mostly Low to medium Insufficient resources/ Low equipment Logistics and Resources Low to Medium but mostly Low to medium = Low Lack of funds/budget Institutional Arrangements, Very Low to Medium but Mostly low Partnerships/Networking at mostly Low Lack of training Various Levels Insufficient/Lack of IEC

Lack of coordination among the different agencies or entities for potential arrangements or partnerships

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In order to address the violations committed in MANP, the following priority actions were identified by the stakeholders:

1. Conduct IEC, training, seminars on applicable environmental laws as well as meetings or dialogues with all concerned 2. Training and deputation of environmental law enforcers 3. Provide / strengthen livelihood programs 4. Provide incentives to environmental law enforcers 5. Provide equipment, supplies, logistics and funding support to environmental law enforcers and enforcement activities 6. Establish linkage, cooperation, with concerned government agencies such as the PNP and AFP

During the ELE orientation, assessment and action planning for the Metro Kidapawan Water District (MKWD) covered/supported areas in MANP, the IP leaders recommended the deputation of 50 women IP guards who should be supported by the MKWD. B+WISER should follow up this recommendation.

The detailed outputs of the workshops and violations maps of MANP are hereto attached as Annex 10.

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4. OBSERVATIONS

4.1. ON VIOLATIONS COMMITTED

The assessments have shown that violations tend to be common across the sites, and these are:

1. Illegal charcoal-making; 2. Slash and burn/kaingin; 3. Illegal occupation of lands inside the PA including illegal construction of structures and buildings; 4. Illegal collecting, hunting, killing and trading of wildlife; 5. Timber poaching/illegal cutting; 6. Violation of the chainsaw Act; 7. Illegal mining and quarrying including the gathering of cave resources; 8. Improper solid waste management; 9. Water/aquatic pollution; and 10. Illegal fishing.

This shows that the different Program sites face the same kinds of man-made threats, only in varying degree and impacts because of site-specificity of context (e.g., species affected, vulnerability to loss, present status of biodiversity or forest cover).

4.2. ON VIOLATORS

The assessments showed that the identities of the violators vary with the type of violation and the purpose (e.g. livelihood, food) for which the violation is committed. The assessments also revealed that, across the sites, a particular violation or purpose for violating is usually associated with the same type of violator group. To illustrate, for violations involving resource utilization or exploitation, such as illegal timber cutting and illegal gathering or collecting of terrestrial plants, hunting of threatened wild animals, charcoal-making and kaingin, the perpetrators are frequently the community members, residents, migrants or settlers, and IPs.

For illegal occupation of lands inside PAs, violators come from all sectors of society, whether community members or outsiders, rich or poor, landed or not, educated or not, etc. However, when it comes to the illegal construction of buildings, resorts or other establishments inside PAs, the violators come from a particular class – the outsiders who are rich and powerful. With regard to fisheries laws or ordinances, violators have a peculiar description in that the violators are usually not the community members or residents but those that come from neighboring towns or barangays.

The purpose of the violation also determines the kind or description of violators. Thus, if the purpose is consumption or sustenance, family support, or livelihood, the violators are mostly community members, residents, migrants or IPs. However, if the purpose is business, then outsiders come in either as financiers or as violators themselves. It is the outsiders who usually have the means to engage in big business.

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4.3. ON REASONS FOR VIOLATIONS

As indicated in the preceding paragraph, there are several purposes or reasons why violations are committed. The reasons vary depending on the violator and vice-versa. Among the reasons that came up during the assessments conducted are consumption or sustenance, livelihood, family support, trade, business, lack of alternative settlement areas or even leisure. It is also evident from the assessments that violators do not commit violations for the purpose of destroying and degrading the value of the PA resources. Instead, the latter are natural consequences of the violations committed. In other words, people do not commit violations in the PA for the sheer purpose of destroying the PA.

Instead, the reasons for the violations committed in PAs can be primarily characterized by two words – need and greed. It can be seen from the foregoing that need and greed are crucial elements of violations committed. They dictate who the violators are, what violations will be committed, and what will be the extent of the resulting destruction, degradation, or loss. It is therefore clear that if the reasons for the violations are addressed, the violations can be reduced or maybe stopped altogether. Consequently the destruction or degradation of the PA and the loss of or damage to the resources therein will be abated. Addressing the need part would involve providing sustainable and alternative livelihood and income sources, technologies and sources of raw material needs and empowering the needy communities. Addressing the greed part will be much more difficult as this impinges on existing power relations and requires gargantuan political will and commitment of the government and mandated institutions at all levels (i.e. DENR, PAMB, provincial and municipal/city LGUs, and other enforcement-related organizations su ch as the PNP) to enforce the laws.

Addressing violations, however, needs to take into consideration also the larger societal and institutional set-up and policy environment based on a study conducted by Carandang et al (2013) “Analysis of Key Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in the Philippines”3 in General Nakar municipality, located within KWFR. This study examined underlying causes, incentives and perverse incentives / disincentives that result to deforestation and forest degradation in order to come-up with a policy agenda and differentiated recommendations to address the various drivers. The key informant interview result revealed kaingin-making as the most important drivers of deforestation followed by mining and forest conversion into non-forest uses. Some governance issues that have been identified in the study refer to weak institutional capacities, poor monitoring and law enforcement, corruption, and collusion, lack of political will and coordination. To address these governance issues, the study recommends policy agenda that include harmonizing major forestry policies through a forestry summit; a comprehensive review of Executive Order 23 and its impacts on forest protection and conservation; consolidation of a national forest land use plan based on consolidation of provincial and municipal land use plans; legislation of a national policy on co-management; enactment of a sustainable management of forests law; and a review and finalization of the country’s definition of forest.

All of the above discussions boil down to a fundamental need: improving governance at all levels.

3 Full citation: Carandang, A. P., Bugayong, L.A., Dolom, L.N., Espiritu, N.O., & Villanueva, M.B., (2013). Analysis of Key Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in the Philippines. Manila, Philippines. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Available on: https://www.giz.de/en/downloads/giz2013-en-key- drivers-deforestation-forest-degradation-philippines.pdf.

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4.4. ON PRESENT CAPABILITY/CAPACITY OF EXISTING LAW ENFORCEMENT BODIES

The assessment of present capability/capacity of existing law enforcement bodies/institutions was divided into five components namely: 1) policy support, 2) core staff/body; 3) training and skills; 4) logistics and resources; and 5) institutional arrangements/partnerships/ networking.

Policy support for ELE in terms of PAMB resolutions and LGU ordinances are not adequate in all sites. With regard to the core staff/body, the assessments showed that all LGUs in the sites have core staff/body whether at the city or municipal level or at the barangay level tasked to handle enforcement matters, albeit in varying numbers or state of organization. The presence of such core staff/body indicates that the LGUs recognize the role and importance of enforcement in managing and protecting the PA. However, the core staff/body of the LGUs can be consistently characterized as insufficient whether in terms of manpower or sectors covered. This can be attributed to a number of reasons, foremost of which is the lack of funds. While there are those who initially volunteer their services, they are not able to serve for long periods as they also have to attend to their financial needs. Moreover, it should be noted that across the sites, DENR personnel in-charge with environmental law enforcement are mostly ageing and no longer physically fit. It was noted, however, that LGUs with coastal resources have more organized and higher number of enforcers for the coastal sector compared to the other sectors.

In terms of training and skills, all enforcers have undergone some form of training although on different levels. However, as in the case of the core staff/body, the training and skills are characterized as insufficient. While there are those who have been fully trained and deputized, these are few compared to the number needed to have effective enforcement in the LGU. Furthermore, the assessments revealed that there are many enforcers who have not been deputized by the DENR. Most of the enforcers have been deputized by the mayor only. The absence of deputation by the DENR means that the enforcers do not have the authority to enforce national laws on environment and natural resources except in situations where they will be conducting citizen’s arrests. The deputation by the mayor gives the enforcers the authority to enforce their city or municipal ordinances only. Based on the results of the assessments, there is a need to train and deputize environmental law enforcers. Again it was noted that for LGUs with coastal resources, their enforcers of fisheries laws and ordinances have undergone adequate training compared to enforcers for the other sectors.

With regard to logistics and resources, the self ratings of the LGUs during the assessment ranged from very low to medium. The assessments showed that the LGUs sorely lack logistics and resources to support and sustain effective enforcement. This is mostly due to lack of funds or to the setting of different priorities. It was noted, however, that LGUs with coastal resources had high ratings on logistics and resources for enforcement of fisheries laws and ordinances.

In terms of institutional arrangements / partnerships / networking at various levels, the assessments showed that the LGUs at the sites have forged arrangements or partnerships mainly with the DENR, the PNP, and the AFP in some cases. However, the assessments also showed that notwithstanding the agreements, there is still lack of coordination and communication among the parties. Political will to enforce laws and ability to sustain efforts are also generally weak.

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5. RECOMMENDATIONS

The assessments conducted have revealed the major violations committed in each site and the specific locations where they commonly occur. They have also revealed the violators and the reasons for the violations. Combined with the lack or absence of appropriate policies or ordinances, and the lack or absence of effective enforcement, the situation could very well deteriorate rapidly. If left unaddressed these violations will escalate further and threaten the biological diversity, ecological integrity and economic and cultural values of the various protected areas and watersheds found within the Program sites. Insights have also been provided on the capability/capacity of local enforcers to enforce the law and the gaps that need to be addressed including opportunities for collaboration among the various enforcement groups. The action plans prepared contain specific activities that the local stakeholders themselves have identified and own as necessary to strengthen the enforcement of environmental laws.

Given the results of the workshops and as next steps, the following are recommended for B+WISER interventions:

 Overlay the violations hotspot maps prepared based on the assessment results with the results of the ecological assessments to refine the assessment of pressures and threats to important biological resources, habitats and ecosystem values. This will help determine areas that need to be monitored and patrolled to input in the operational plan as well as refine the overall strategy for strengthening enforcement in each site.

 B+WISER should help the management bodies (PAMBs and Watershed Councils) refine the initial ELE action plan , implement identified targeted strategies and practice adaptive management based on the TOC per site.

 Strategic interventions at the site level could include:

A. strengthening the prevention part of environmental law enforcement through: 1) the promotion of sustainable natural resource based livelihoods and alternative livelihoods that will generate income for the local communities, including PES establishment and REDD++ readiness of the site; 2) providing alternative, more sustainable sources of and technology for providing needed timber, food, fuel and fiber; 3) strengthening the capacity of local institutions (PAMB, LGUS, DENR, Tribal Councils) to manage and govern and; 4) implementation of Information, Education, Communication (IEC) and behavioral change interventions; B. Application of Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) that will later transition into the Landscape and Wildlife Indicators (LAWIN) Toolkit to enable conservation to link better with environmental law enforcement; C. Training and capacity building of environmental law enforcers both from the community and the government sectors and improving and sustaining their partnership, cooperation and collaboration; D. Enactment and implementation of PAMB regulations and LGU support ordinances at the local level and strengthening national level policy and local implementation support; and

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E. Strengthening the contribution of the indigenous peoples, women and marginalized groups in ELE.

 Explore other applicable innovative, technology-aided surveillance and quick response system in partnership with the private sector and other relevant organizations in the country and abroad;

 Success stories and lessons learned from site interventions should be documented and disseminated and their possible policy implications should be distilled and shared with decision makers to benefit both local and national policy development and implementation.

With regard to the enactment of PAMB regulations and LGU support ordinances, B+WISER has commenced the conduct of capacity building/training workshops on environment and natural resources ordinance formulation and enforcement for LGUs and PAMB members. The training workshops primarily aim to provide guidelines on the enactment and possible contents of environment and natural resources sector-specific ordinances or support ordinances to major environmental laws and regulations, such as those on protected areas and biodiversity management, wildlife resources management, solid waste management, aquatic resources management, and forest and forestlands management. The activity also aims to guide stakeholders in the systematic formulation of such ordinances.

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ANNEX 1. ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT THEORY OF CHANGE (TOC)

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ANNEX 2. NORTHERN SIERRA MADRE NATURAL PARK (NSMNP) ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT WORKSHOPS OUTPUTS

Annex Table 2-A. Results of ELE Assessment Workshops 1 and 2 for Areas Covered by CENRO Naguillan, Ilagan and San Mariano, September 24, 2013; November 12-13, 2013; and January 8, 2014

Summary of Assessment of Violations of Environmental Laws in NSMNP Areas Covered by CENRO Naguilian, Ilagan, San Mariano Laws Major specific Who are the Where are Why are Other What are we doing about these at present, including Major threats violations violators? the violations violations Remarks on policy support? that remain Who are committed? committed? violations unaddressed/ behind these Continue to (magnitude, weakly violators? be timing, trend, addressed committed? etc) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Forestry Illegal cutting Bugadors, Within the lack of After cropping IEC, assist, Detect, arrest seize Testify, Upland CodePD- for timber, yarders, Pinacanauan employment activities and monitor and detain prosecute migration, Slash 705 and illegal drivers/ Local river and opportunities most especially patrolling and burn, EO 23 occupation Financiers Provincial and poverty, when river 2011 2011 charcoal making and Barangay water level is • Regular • 209 cu.m with 9 • Filed case roads high (river prevention individuals against 9 used in activities apprehended individuals Abuan, transporting conducted in involving 6 Bintacan, logs) San Mariano conveyances Capellan, and Ilagan Pasa/ in City 2012 2012 Ilagan City • 136.8 cu. m with • Filed case 6 individuals against 6 apprehended individuals involving 4 conveyances

2013 2013 • 204.17 cu.m. with • Filed case 30 individuals against 30 apprehended individuals involving 7 conveyances NIPAS Agricultural San Mariano Act expansion and Ilagan through City kaingin

Illegal occupation

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Laws Major specific Who are the Where are Why are Other What are we doing about these at present, including Major threats violations violators? the violations violations Remarks on policy support? that remain Who are committed? committed? violations unaddressed/ behind these Continue to (magnitude, weakly violators? be timing, trend, addressed committed? etc) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Sec. 20a,c,f Inside Planting of NSMNP areas exotic species in Ilagan inside the Park

Wildlife Illegal hunting Upland Act and gathering communities of wildlife in Ilagan

Fisheries Electrofishing Local Within Code communities freshwater bodies Chainsa Illegal Operator and Namnama Cutting of IEC conducted 1 chainsaw Case filed w Act possession of owner/ (2 Gmelina trees apprehended 9175 chainsaw persons) without permit

Assessment of Current ELE/Protection System and Capability in Areas Covered by CENRO Naguilian, Ilagan, San Mariano What is our current capability to effectively enforce environmental laws ? Describe then rate: What are the major gaps, issues, Law Enforcement Activity High, Medium, Low, Very Low challenges in 1-4? Staff/ Resources/ Institutional Training/ Body/ Logistics available arrangements Skills of enumerated Org. (enumerate for the enumerated (network, partnership/ Staff/Body (2) below) (1) staff/body (3) collaboration) (4) In terms of addressing the major threats identified in Workshop 1

Major threats 1. Illegal Timber Poaching Medium Medium Medium Medium • Limited resources

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What is our current capability to effectively enforce environmental laws ? Describe then rate: What are the major gaps, issues, Law Enforcement Activity High, Medium, Low, Very Low challenges in 1-4? Staff/ Resources/ Institutional Training/ Body/ Logistics available arrangements Skills of enumerated Org. (enumerate for the enumerated (network, partnership/ Staff/Body (2) below) (1) staff/body (3) collaboration) (4) 2. Upland migration Medium Medium Low Low • Lack of manpower especially in the area of enforcement 3. Slash and burn Medium Medium Low Low • Further strengthen partnership/ collaboration among concerned agencies in ELE 4. Charcoal making Medium Medium Low Low • Political intervention by influential individuals

In terms of implementing the stages in law enforcement continuum Prevention Medium Medium Medium Medium • Limited resources • Lack of manpower especially in the area of enforcement • Reduction of field personnel and existing are already physically unfit to conduct the rigor of field work Apprehension (search/ • Lack of legal assistance to surveillance, arrest, seize/ Medium Medium Medium Medium confiscate) enforcers • Political Intervention • Some LGUs at the municipal level lack political will to enforce the laws.

Absence of lawyers at the DENR CENRO Prosecution (administrative level (i.e., no plantilla item for lawyers) to by DENR, and criminal by Medium Medium Medium Medium lead the prosecution of violators. DENR courts) lawyers are officially based at the Region.

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Annex Table 2-B. Results of ELE Assessment Workshops 1 and 2 for Areas Covered by CENRO Cabagan, Tumauini and San Pablo

What are we doing in terms of the law enforcement continuum? Where and Who are When and How Laws Major Violations What is our track record? the violators? Much? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Forestry Code Timber poaching San Pablo, Tumauini Undetermined & Continuous forest 95.86 cu.m. valued 16 cases filed in Violators: Community Occasional at P1,299,202.20 RTC Residents Protection through Establishment of mobile, Checkpoints in outlets

Provision of livelihood projects Continuous IEC for behavioral change Kaingin-making/ San Pablo, Cabagan, Since long time ago Continuous IEC for behavioral Tumauini, change Illegal occupation San Pablo, Cabagan, Conduct of census Tumauini Charcoal Making Tumauini 1990's Provision of livelihood projects Illegal Conversion of Forestlands San Pablo 1990's Coordination with Department of to CLOA Agrarian Reform (DAR) NIPAS Act Timber poaching San Pablo,Tumauini Undetermined & Continuous forest protection Occasional Provision of livelihood projects Continuous IEC for behavioral change Illegal occupation San Pablo, Cabagan, Since long time ago Continuous IEC for behavioral Tumauini, (Attributed to the change presence of migrant Provision of livelihood projects IPs (Itneg from Abra Conduct of SRPAO and Ifugaos) in the mid 1960s) Hunting San Pablo, Cabagan, Dry season Continuous IEC for behavioral Tumauini, change Strengthening of PAMB Mining Tumauini Seasonal Strengthening of PAMB Wildlife Act Illegal gathering, and trading, San Pablo, Cabagan, Seasonal Continuous IEC for behavioral hunting Tumauini change

Provision of livelihood projects

Deputation of WEOs Fisheries Code Electro-fishing San Pablo, 2012 Continuous IEC for behavioral Cabagan 2011 change

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What are we doing in terms of the law enforcement continuum? Where and Who are When and How Laws Major Violations What is our track record? the violators? Much? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Cave Resources Gathering of stalactites and Tumauini 2010 Conduct of investigation stalagmites Bat Collection NSMNP buffer zone San 2010 Conduct of investigation Pablo & Tumauini Guano extraction Tumauini and San Pablo 2010 Conduct of investigation

PAMB Actions Chain Saw Unregistered chainsaw Tumauini, San Pablo, EO 23 Timber poaching San Pablo,Tumauini Violators: Comm. Residents 2011-2012 Others Unauthorized projects inside the Tumauini PA

Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement/Protection System and Capability in Areas Covered by CENRO Cabagan, Tumauini, and San Pablo

Law Enforcement Activity Local Policy Support What is our current capability to effectively enforce environmental laws? Describe then rate: What are the major (Ordinances, PAMB High, Medium, Low, Very Low gaps, issues, resolutions) challenges in 1-4? Staff/ Training/ Resources/ Institutional Body/ Skills of Logistics available arrangements Org. (enumerate enumerated for the enumerated (network, partnership/ below) (1) Staff/Body (2) staff/body (3) collaboration) (4) In terms of addressing the LGU Legislations Enforcers from Livelihood (Low) LGU fund (Medium) DENR,DTI,LGU (Low) Fund scarcity major threats identified in BPAT and Workshop 1 cooperatives (High) B. In terms of prevention LGU BPAT (Low) Law enforcement LGU & PNP fund DENR,PNP,LGU Weak coordination to apprehension legislations/PAMB (Medium) (Low) (Low) resolutions (High)

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Annex Table 2-C. Results of Assessment of ELE Situation in Areas Covered by the Jurisdiction of CENRO Palanan in NSMNP

Assessment of environmental law violations in areas covered by CENRO Palanan, Dinapigue, Divilacan and Maconacon Laws Major Who are Where are Why are Other What are we doing about these at present? What is Major threats specific the the violations violations Remarks our track record? that remain violations violators? committed? committed? on unaddressed/ Who are Continue to violations weakly behind be addressed these committed? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Forestry Timber Community MUZ, SUZ Basic needs Year IEC/ Seizure and Code/ EO cutting Residents; and Strict of community round Communication, Confiscation 23 migrants Protection residents Education and from Zone and One cu/m Public Ifugao, Coastal No alternative per day in Awareness Quezon, marine Zones livelihood Dilaknadin Campaign and Aurora um river, (CEPA) Dilaknadinum Sapinit, river, Sapinit, Dilakit, Patrolling Dilakit, Ditarum, Ditarum, Dicamban Implementation Dicambangan gan in of EO 26, NGP in Divilacan DIvilacan Implementation of Agricultural programs

Infrastructure development (farm to market road) Kaingin Community MUZ, SUZ Basic needs Summer IEC Seizure and making Residents; and Strict of community time in Confiscation migrants Protection residents coastal Patrolling from Zone and from Ifugao, Coastal No alternative March to Implementation Quezon, marine Zones livelihood August; of EO 26, NGP and Aurora minimal Implementation Weak of Agricultural enforcement programs

Infrastructure development (farm to market road) to support

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Laws Major Who are Where are Why are Other What are we doing about these at present? What is Major threats specific the the violations violations Remarks our track record? that remain violations violators? committed? committed? on unaddressed/ Who are Continue to violations weakly behind be addressed these committed? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? economic activities NIPAS Act Destruction Mr. Joe Brgy San Treasure Once, last IEC 1 case filed to Case filed Land mark of Palanan Calagyan Isidro hunting year (May RTC Ilagan by under litigation transfer and Water falls (Religious 2013) CENRO destruction of leader) and Palanan monuments alliance with Irrational use of community driftwoods; tops church and branches; member fallen trees for livelihood Land Outsiders All coastal Business On going None none None Displacements speculations /non- municipalities of indigenous and resident people and surreptitious and Within SPZ, tenured titling influential Dipudo, migrants people Dimasalansa n, Bicobian in Construction of Divilacan access road connecting coastal municipalities to mainland Isabela Quarry – Contractors All coastal Business, Year Non gravel and and home municipalities personal use, round implementation sand builders; and infra projects of zoning LGU barangays ordinance (Maconacon); Sangay Diana River, PO Rivers and Rosu and Aplaya River; Divilacan and Palanan

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Laws Major Who are Where are Why are Other What are we doing about these at present? What is Major threats specific the the violations violations Remarks our track record? that remain violations violators? committed? committed? on unaddressed/ Who are Continue to violations weakly behind be addressed these committed? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Wildlife Act Pawikan Community Whole stretch Livelihood Year IEC and hunting residents; of NSMNP round patrolling dumagats; coastal Influential waters people Birds nest Businessm Whole stretch Livelihood Year IEC and collection an/market of NSMNP round patrolling demand; community Hunting of Businessm Whole stretch Livelihood Year IEC and giant fruit an/market of NSMNP round patrolling eating bats demand; community Fisheries Shell Community Coastal Livelihood Business Code collection residents barangays

Electro- Community Upstream Livelihood Lack of IEC community fishing on residents brgy. livelihood; meetings/assem freshwater consump- bly; brgy tion ordinances Fine mesh Community -do- Livelihood nets residents Compressor Outsiders -do- Livelihood IEC community from meetings/assem adjacent bly; brgy municipality ordinances and province (Quezon and Cagayan, Aurora) Illegal Taiwanese Divilacan Business commercial with local fishing dummy vessel Cave Act None

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Laws Major Who are Where are Why are Other What are we doing about these at present? What is Major threats specific the the violations violations Remarks our track record? that remain violations violators? committed? committed? on unaddressed/ Who are Continue to violations weakly behind be addressed these committed? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Chainsaw Unregistered Chainsaw All coastal Charcoal Year IEC Demand of Act chainsaws owners municipalities making; round; government (community business rampant projects residents)

Outsiders; influential people

Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement/Protection System and Capability in Areas Covered by the Jurisdiction of CENRO Palanan, Law Enforcement Local Policy Support What is our current capability to effectively enforce environmental laws ? Describe What are the major gaps, issues, Activity (Ordinances, PAMB then rate: High, Medium, Low, Very Low challenges in 1-4? resolutions) Staff/ Training/ Resources/ Institutional Body/ Skills of Logistics available arrangements Org. (enumerate enumerated for the enumerated (network, partnership/ below) (1) Staff/Body (2) staff/body (3) collaboration) (4) In terms of addressing the major threats identified in ELE Workshop Forest Provincial EO DENR (3), Para-legal Funding support Composite (all Transparency Destruction (ISEPTF)-Anti-illegal LGU (2), training from the provincial sectors/stakeholders) Establishment of logging PNP (2), Philippine government (hiring Weak coordination Provincial and Army (2); Academe of helicopters for Municipal Task (2); NGO/Religious aerial surveillance) No hazards and basic Force (2) incentives/insurance POs (2) Municipal Anti-illegal DENR, Municipal Paralegal Limited funding for Composite (all No hazards and basic logging task force and Brgy.LGU; training incentives and sectors/stakeholders) incentives/insurance PNP, NGO and logistical support POs; religious for operations Provision for logistics and group equipment SB resolutions on Bantay Basic Para- DENR, LGU No hazards and basic anti-slash and burn gubat,/dagat legal training incentives/insurance activities Bantay kalikasan Brigade

14 BKBs, 2

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Law Enforcement Local Policy Support What is our current capability to effectively enforce environmental laws ? Describe What are the major gaps, issues, Activity (Ordinances, PAMB then rate: High, Medium, Low, Very Low challenges in 1-4? resolutions) Staff/ Training/ Resources/ Institutional Body/ Skills of Logistics available arrangements Org. (enumerate enumerated for the enumerated (network, partnership/ below) (1) Staff/Body (2) staff/body (3) collaboration) (4) foresters in Divilacan Implementation of Provincial/Municipal Community Provincial fund Multi-sect oral Political will EIA system for the and National consultation; rehabilitation of Agencies meetings and Personnel access road dialogue connecting coastal municipalities to mainland Isabela Zoning Ordinance MPDC Modular Funding support Multi-agency/sectoral Digitization (GIS application) (On-going updating MENRO trainings on from concerned and Integration of Provincial IPLUC formulation LGUs New books/modeling manuals in Environmental (Isabela Provincial and the formulation of CLUP Management Land Use implementation program in the Committee) of CLUP and CLUP) zoning ordinance Land Mun. Ord. prohibiting LMB Training on Funding Zoning officer Insufficient funding speculations and surreptitious titling Assessor surveying and DENR surreptitious Mapping titling

Request for Survey and verification from Land Management Bureau thru CENRO Palanan

B. In terms of implementing stages in the law enforcement continuum Prevention Zoning Ordinance Municipal LGU Modular Understaff training Unskilled staff Apprehension Zoning Ordinance Zoning officer/ Deputation Human resources PNP Understaff (search/ (Penalty/schedule of MPDC training Zoning Officer Indifferent attitude surveillance, fees) SB and Brgy official arrest, seize/ confiscate)

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Annex Table 2-D. Specific Environmental Law Enforcement Targets (2014-2017) For NSMNP (Joint Targets of PAMB, DENR and LGUs Under the Coordination of the PASU), January 8, 2014 Joint Terrestrial Law Enforcement Coastal and Marine

1. Reduce timber poaching by 85% by 2017. 1. Stop poaching of pawikan and other threatened and endangered coastal and marine species by 2017 2. Reduce by ____ the poaching, gathering and trading of 2. Stop illegal fishing (electrofishing, dynamite, fine threatened wildlife species (Phil eagle, Phil crocodile, golden meshed nets, cyanide, compressor, etc.) by 2017 crown flying fox, Isabela oriole, giant fruit eating bats) by 2017 3. Protect all critical wildlife habitats by 2017 3. Strictly regulate/enforce applicable laws and regulations on quarrying/mining by 2017 4. Protect and ensure the integrity of caves and cave resources 4. Strictly enforce MPA regulations by 2016 by 2017 5. Stop kaingin other unsustainable agriculture making within 5. Strictly enforce zoning and safety regulations by 2017 the strict protection zones and other critical habitats by 2017 6. Ensure adoption of sustainable farming and other livelihood 6. Implement sustainable livelihood activities by 2016 practices within allowable zones by 2017 7. Strictly enforce adherence to traditional, sustainable practices within ancestral domain lands by 2017 8. Strictly regulate charcoal making by mid-2016. 9. Strictly enforce all PA management zones by 2017 10. Strictly enforce no human intrusions within strict protection zone (SPZ) in accordance with applicable laws by 2017 11. Strictly enforce chainsaw act by 2017 12. Strictly regulate quarrying within the PA by 2017 13. Stop surreptitious titling of PA lands by 2017 14. Strictly enforce all PAMB regulations and LGU ordinances by 2017

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Annex Figure 1. NSMNP Kaingin and Charcoal-MakingViolations Hotspot Map, November 12-13, 2013

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ANNEX 3. UPPER MARIKINA AND RIVER BASIN PROTECTED LANDSCAPE (UMRBPL) ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT WORKSHOPS OUTPUTS, APRIL 28-30, 2014

Annex Table 3-A Results of Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation In UMRBPL Laws Specific Who are the Where are the Why are violations Other What are we doing about these violations and what is the track Major threats violations violators? Who violations located? committed? Remarks on record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? successful that remain are behind these Continue to be violations prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement unaddressed/ violators? committed? (magnitude, continuum? weakly addressed timing, trend, etc.) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Charcoal Making Community, Tanay, Rizal Livelihood, poverty Decreasing IEC, livelihood-charcoal Impounded tricycles, cases filed at Buying and selling Forestry settlers, (Cuyambay) briquetting motorcycles, DENR Region of rights by ISF Code commercial traders jeepney, owner type (more 20 cases) holder Anti-illegal logging task jeep confiscated 15 force; trikes, 6 motorcycles Deputation of MENRO (2011-2013) as DENRO which leads in ELE efforts Community, Rodriguez, Rizal Consumption, Puray- year- Regular conduct of IEC Several cases (60) Inappropriate land settlers,  Puray livelihood round but most with PNP SAF, 16th IB have been reported use commercial  Mascap prominent and submitted to traders, IPs during summer 15 Bantay Gubat DENR-Regional 4A  Makaingalan deployed by DENR in 9  Casile brgys (San Jose, Calawis, San Juan, Sn Rafael, Mascap, Puray, Pinugay, Cuyambay, Pintong Bocaue

DENR provides livelihood such as mushroom production;

ERDB provided 2 units of charcoal briquetting machine to Brgy. San Rafael and Calawis;

Agroforestry; Enterprise development; MOA with the 2 brgys; training Community, Antipolo- Calawis Prevalent Livelihood program settlers, during summer- benefiting 2 POs commercial decreasing (agroforestry, beads traders, IP making, handicraft, dehydrator for banana chips, malungay, chili

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Laws Specific Who are the Where are the Why are violations Other What are we doing about these violations and what is the track Major threats violations violators? Who violations located? committed? Remarks on record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? successful that remain are behind these Continue to be violations prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement unaddressed/ violators? committed? (magnitude, continuum? weakly addressed timing, trend, powder; and marketing etc.) assistance Forestry Brgy Calawis- has 16 Code IB, patrolling Kiasakat, checkpoint Community, Baras-Pinugay Implementation of settlers, environmental laws, commercial distribution of leaflets, traders, IPs placards, signages (prohibiting cutting of trees and charcoal making) , giving of vegetable seeds

With 1 Bantay gubat ;

16 IB SAP checkpoint,

Environmental Army trained by LLDA

Kaingin Making Community, Rodriguez-Mascap, Subsistence farming During Livelihood given are: Investigation done settlers Makaingalan, Puray, summer, vegetable growing, by Forest Protection So Anipa (Brgy San decreasing coconut and coffee offices Rafael) trend due to growing project which NGP program benefits 100 farmers Community, Antipolo-Brgy subsistence farming During IEC, Tubig Kanlungan In Calawis case settlers Mampuro in Calawis; summer, Task Force filed by DENR San Jose decreasing in Court damage trend due to Issuance of more than 50 ha NGP program environmental tickets Community, Tanay- Cuyambay Subsistence farming During Livelihood project, settlers summer, regular tree planting, decreasing crafting of trend due to environmental code NGP program Community, Baras-Pinugay Subsistence farming During Implementation of settlers summer, Environmental code decreasing trend due to NGP program Illegal Pasture Private individual Tanay- between Business, livestock- Happened in The owner promised to Case is with (Col. Medina) Pinugay and cow, horse, sheep Feb-2014 do replanting DENR Region Cuyambay Private individual Brgy San Rafael, Business Feb-14 case filed in (Bayang) Rodriguez court 2 months

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Laws Specific Who are the Where are the Why are violations Other What are we doing about these violations and what is the track Major threats violations violators? Who violations located? committed? Remarks on record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? successful that remain are behind these Continue to be violations prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement unaddressed/ violators? committed? (magnitude, continuum? weakly addressed timing, trend, ago Timber poaching Community and Rodriguez- Economic gains Usuallyetc.) during Livelihood program, File case at (dipterocarp) IPs; financed by Makaingalan, summer- patrol checkpoints at DENR; businessmen, Mascap, Puray decreasing San Isidro, PNP SAF, private individuals BG, 16th IB NIPAS Act Squatting/prolifer Migrants from Rodrigues, Tanay, invitation, Extended Year- round- Relocation is being done Influx of migrants ation of informal Aklan, Bicol, Baras, Antipolo, San family; Opportunity increasing in Rodriguez; Memo by inside the PA settlers Visayas, (90% Mateo- to earn; business RED to stop giving new Visayans) certification as a requirement for MERALCO application

DENR issuing certification that the applicant is a legitimate occupant

Finished SRAPAO last year Hunting (Baboy Community Rodrigues- Anipa, consumption, for Year- round- IEC on wildlife act, Wildlife Act Ramo, bayawak, Macaingalan, Puray selling inside the decreasing conduct of community bato-bato, community (salot group monitoring; BMS Alimucon, usa) daw sa pananim (baboy ramo) Antipolo- San Jose Conducted biodiversity monitoring system in Buso-buso, Tayabasan, Wawa and Montalban

IEC with community, FGD, KII Establishment of Private individual San Mateo, Antipolo business Year- round IEC, closure of NIPAS Act permanent (Calawis-resort) establishment at Brgy. structure Sapinit, Antipolo (hardware, resorts) PNP-SAF Baras-Pinugay military camp Year- round Implementation of no building of PNP expansion; fencing established in 2008 inside SPZ Gold panning Locals Antipolo- San Jose livelihood Year- round IEC, ban of panning (decreasing) Solid Waste Improper disposal community San Mateo-Pintong Year- round IEC, fencing, of garbage resident Bocaue rehabilitation, replanting Wildlife Act Hunting (Baboy community Rodrigues- Anipa, consumption, Year- round IEC on wildlife act, Ramo, bayawak, Macaingalan, Puray livelihood, salot

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Laws Specific Who are the Where are the Why are violations Other What are we doing about these violations and what is the track Major threats violations violators? Who violations located? committed? Remarks on record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? successful that remain are behind these Continue to be violations prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement unaddressed/ violators? committed? (magnitude, continuum? weakly addressed bato-bato, daw sa pananim timing, trend, Alimucon, usa) (baboy ramo) etc.) Cave Act Destruction/defaci locals, visitors Rodriguez- Mascap Exploration seasonal IEC ng in caves, vandalism Treasure hunting Speculators San Rafael, Exploration Regular patrolling (gold?) (outsiders with Montalban relatives inside the PA) Chainsaw Use of chainsaw community Rodriguez Household use Act without permit residents (Macaingala, Puray) No cutting permit community Antipolo (San Jose Source of income residents and Calawis Solid waste Improper disposal community San Mateo-Pintong Year- round IEC, fencing, manage- of garbage residents Bocaue rehabilitation, replanting ment Fisheries Electro fishing Community Antipolo- Calawis; consumption no current case IEC, improved fishing residents San Mateo (Casile) techniques Aquatic/water 4 Major tributaries ) many households decreasing Baras requested from pollution tanks) Buso-buso, Casile, have no proper Provincial Capitol Tayabasan, Wawa) septic materials for septic tanks/disposal; tanks household not giving much concern on the impact of this backyard piggery and poultry livelihood

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Annex-Table 3-B. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in UMPRBPL Major Violations Local Policy Support Staff/Body/Organization Training/Skills of Resources/Logistics Institutional arrangements What are the gaps, issues, and (Ordinances, PAMB (Enumerate below) (2) enumerated available for the (network, challenges in 1-5? (including resolutions) (1) Staff/Body (3) enumerated staff/body (4) partnership/collaboration) gender-related) (5) A. In terms of the major violations identified Charcoal Making Low High Medium Low Medium Many availed of the DENR Rat plan; No PAMB resolution 5 checkpoints; 9 brgys in 5 5 motorcycles distributed Environmental Law municipalities trained per patrol sector; Enforcement (EPLE) PNP, 78 BG reduced to 15 (3 per per patrol sectors with BG in multi-sectoral law DENR, Army, LGUs- MOA sector); Lack of Manpower and forest officer from enforcement 2 carabao, 3 horses; 2 pick- with DENR; up; Camera, cell phone Currently planning to PNP SAF covering conduct deputation UMRBPL (Baras, Antipolo, Rodriguez, Tanay) Baras has same as above plus Baras Partnership with PDRF, PBSP Insufficient resources/equipment, Environmental Code has 1 BLET in San Roque for livelihood programs limited funds; prohibiting charcoal upland farmers and POs making within UM Funding for UMRBPL decreased Medium this year High Tanay is currently DENRO Lack ELE training plus values formulating its formation training Environmental Code

Medium Note: Antipolo has a Antipolo and Rodriguez Antipolo has 15 City 5 multi cabs; cell phones Lack of harmonious relationship permitting ordinance on have no local policy Environmental Enforcers between DENR and LGUs when cutting outside the PA support; only national Medium it comes to cutting law High Antipolo would like for DENR to Very low coordinate with them first before issuing a permit since they sometimes deny giving a permit but with DENRs clearance the permitted could cut even without Antipolo's knowledge

Note: PO could not afford the cutting permit fee imposed by the CENRO-Antipolo, hence they seek clearance from the Barangay and Municipal Office which impose lower fees Kaingin making No local policies for all same as above municipalities

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Major Violations Local Policy Support Staff/Body/Organization Training/Skills of Resources/Logistics Institutional arrangements What are the gaps, issues, and (Ordinances, PAMB (Enumerate below) (2) enumerated available for the (network, challenges in 1-5? (including resolutions) (1) Staff/Body (3) enumerated staff/body (4) partnership/collaboration) gender-related) (5) Low Timber poaching PAMB resolution issued calling to stop all illegal activities in UM

Low Squatting/ PAMB resolution issued Low There is proposal for Lack/absence of control of encroachment calling to stop all illegal SRPAO team conducted concreting road networks migration; Lack of manpower activities in UM 100% survey in UM

Low Check-point not There are 2 PACBARMA issued operational and location for Calawis and Sapinit but the not strategic enough in San terms are not implemented with Jose regards to preventing entry of illegal migrants Proposed fencing to Need training on ELE for all prevent expansion threats Sapinit Water settlers Continues land speculation and Association selling of rights Permanent structure No local policy but the Low Only DENR is the enforcing Not being closely monitored due (Resort) basis is the NIPAS law body to large area PASu, APASu, Bantay Low gubat are the concern Low personnel 4 resorts in Calawis Low The issue has not been addressed since the owner is an ex-politician Camp Explore (resort in and military MUZ) Has not been paying resource user fee Lack of man-power Camp Explore and Mt. Resort with MOA with DENR Burning of garbage in City ordinance on same as above MMDA is tap to provide Pintong Bocaue burning; RA 9003 assistance Medium Chainsaw Low same as above

Existing law no local ordinance B. In terms of Law Enforcement Activity Prevention High

Because of periodic IEC with PNP, LGU and Barangays

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Major Violations Local Policy Support Staff/Body/Organization Training/Skills of Resources/Logistics Institutional arrangements What are the gaps, issues, and (Ordinances, PAMB (Enumerate below) (2) enumerated available for the (network, challenges in 1-5? (including resolutions) (1) Staff/Body (3) enumerated staff/body (4) partnership/collaboration) gender-related) (5) Apprehension (search/ DENR- High surveillance, arrest, LGU Antipolo – seize/confiscate) High;

Last year confiscation was high;

Rodriguez- Low to Medium

Baras-Low Prosecution DENR (Administrative) (administrative and High criminal) Antipolo- administrative; Medium

Rodriguez and Baras- Low

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Annex Figure 2. UMRBPL Violation Hotspots Map , April 28-30, 2014

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ANNEX 4. KALIWA WATERSHED FOREST RESERVE (KWFR) ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT WORKSHOP OUTPUTS, APRIL 28-30, 2013

Annex-Table 4-A. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in KWFR Laws Major Violations Who are the Where are the Other Remarks on What are we doing about these at present? What is our track Major threats violators? Behind violations located? violations record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? successful that remain these violators, (magnitude, timing, prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement unaddressed driving factors for trend, etc.) activity? /weakly violations? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution addressed Hunting and killing of Community residents, Brgy Santa Ines Increasing (shifted to IEC in barangays In Tanay, None Wildlife poaching Wildlife Act of wildlife IPs & non-IPs (near Mt. Irid in wildlife hunting since by BLET being a apprehensions lead to and trafficking is 2001 (RA 9147) for Food Tanay, Rizal; the authorities began member of the filing of cases rampant/  giant fruit bats Lack of alternative Lumutan in Gen. strictly enforcing community (court & increasing  cloud rat livelihood led to Nakar; Pagsangahan charcoal-making) monitoring group administrative)  monkeys wildlife hunting as in PP 1636) of Regional Eagle Tanay does not  Bayawak (Exotic source of income for Seasonal for bird Watch Team have barangay law restaurants in Laguna) certain families hunting formed by the enforcement team  Birds’ nest (China DENR town, in Daraitan & Presence of traders Year-round for most LGUs do not have Kuyambay) (e.g. harvesting of nests violations enough manpower  Baboy Ramo (Exotic have financiers, mostly & equipment to restaurants) Chinese based in Hunters flock in patrol/ enforce Manila) sighting areas (does random  Sawa (exotic restaurants) patrolling)

 Usa (food)

Hunters cannot be for Pet BLETs given easily monitored  Bayawak and turtles incentives by because the traps (Aranque, Quipo) Gen. Nakar are difficult to find  Baboy Ramo (monetary  Sawa incentives/ Difficult to  Alamid honorarium given conduct law  Kalaw by DENR enforcement due to  Kilyawan CENRO Real accessibility  Tariktik and Provincial problem on areas  Martines (Talking Govt) where violations myna) occur (by foot or  Banoy (Eagles) horse)  Batu-bato  Kulasisi  Lawin

for Medicine  Tagak feather Wild orchids gathering and Local communities All sitios in Brgy Income source of None None None Wild orchids selling for Manila market Daraitan & local communities gathering (but middlemen within the Pagsangahan Minor sitios) forest/wildlife products not being

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Laws Major Violations Who are the Where are the Other Remarks on What are we doing about these at present? What is our track Major threats violators? Behind violations located? violations record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? successful that remain these violators, (magnitude, timing, prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement unaddressed driving factors for trend, etc.) activity? /weakly Wildlife Act of violations? focusedaddressed in law 2001 (RA 9147) enforcement efforts Dwarf trees gathering IPs, Local communities All sitios in Brgy Continuing Gen. Nakar now Some apprehension This is continuing from cliffs for Manila with financiers Daraitan & requires a permit now being done market (with local Pagsangahan middlemen) Drift wood gathering (roots Outsiders (from Brgy. Daraitan and Declining None Lately some being None This is continuing of premium species) and neighboring towns in Brgy. Pagsangahan apprehensions done selling in Quezon, Rizal, Quezon, Rizal, During dry season, (during transport, in Manila, etc. which Laguna) with financiers violators stay for highways) by joint undermines stability of months in the area DENR-LGU river banks operatives in Infanta, Real, CENRO Chainsaw Act Unregistered chainsaw Illegal poachers Brgy. Daraitan in Declining None Active apprehension Cases filed in court This is declining of 2002 (RA KWFR by CENRO Real 9175) Commercial charcoal Sitio Tinipak in operatives and LGU makers with financiers Brgy Pagsangahan Tanay (PP 1636) LGU has record of apprehension & confiscation Tampering with serial Illegal poachers Brgy. Daraitan in Declining None None None None number KWFR Sitio Tinipak in Brgy Pagsangahan (PP 1636) Assembling of chainsaw Illegal poachers Brgy. Daraitan in Declining None None None None and selling without permit KWFR Sitio Tinipak in Brgy Pagsangahan (PP 1636) Forestry Code Illegal cutting, possession IPs and non-IPs with Cutting done in Declining due to EO IEC, Text to Cases being filed This is declining (PD 705) and transportation barangay officials as Lumotan but exits in 23 enforcement, MENRO financiers (in Brgy. Daraitan, Tanay, moratorium on illegal campaign, Daraitan) due to proximity to cutting in Real, charcoal making Manila (mode is by Infanta, and Nakar in drum method water and by horse). due to the 2004 using agricultural Sold to lumberyard flooding waste, DENRO, or wood factories buying of Timber in Brgy. seedling Lumotan is concealed using bamboos Charcoal-making PA occupants as their Within the KWFR Decreasing due to Special permit Active and consistent None This is being source of livelihood (Pagsangahan and active and consistent given by CENRO apprehension of those addressed

58 | BASELINE ASSESSMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT

Laws Major Violations Who are the Where are the Other Remarks on What are we doing about these at present? What is our track Major threats violators? Behind violations located? violations record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? successful that remain these violators, (magnitude, timing, prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement unaddressed driving factors for trend, etc.) activity? /weakly violations? Daraitan) apprehension by Real to regulate without permit addressed DENR CENRO (PG this (source ENRO provided with should be titled apprehensions land and verified records) by CENRO, premium species not allowed, situational; e.g. trees cleared for house construction can be used for housing material and charcoal), trees used for agricultural purposes Cave Act Gathering of birds nest IPs and non-IPs do the Brgy Cuyambay. Decreasing due to Not being focused collection while non- Daraitan, San improved patrolling in the patrolling/ IPs do the trading (one Andres, Mamuyaw, and IEC enforcement effort family buys from 8 Mt. Irid, Nayon This is seasonal (only (at present focuses barangays) during summer) on timber and charcoal) Gathering and collection of Sangab Cave in Guano and Guano gathering guano, stalactites/ Brgy. San Andres stalactities/stalagmite not being focused stalagmites (Tanay, Rizal) s/ Decreasing, not in enforcement; rampant This is being used Guano for fertilizer (local in fertilization of farmers) farmers’ own farm (considerations Stalactites and stalagmites given to farmers) as souvenir (trader- for tiles) Fisheries Code Electro-fishing Lumotan, Irid Seasonal, not daily No effort on this Poisoning using sodium in In rivers Seasonal, not daily No effort on this rivers (for palos- for food and for exotic restaurants) Aquatic Pollution (due to Piggery owners, some Not being focused, use of farm inputs and farmers rivers still seen as piggery wastes) clean/ pristine NIPAS Act Hunting Burning (for honey, for hunting, kaingin) Illegal mining, (gold Manganese mining panning) in Lumotan and totally stopped in Lanatin River 2011 due to a

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Laws Major Violations Who are the Where are the Other Remarks on What are we doing about these at present? What is our track Major threats violators? Behind violations located? violations record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? successful that remain these violators, (magnitude, timing, prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement unaddressed driving factors for trend, etc.) activity? /weakly violations? moratorium by the addressed Provincial Governor Illegal occupation Usually within the Increasing flooding in No knowledge on barangay proper Manila, natural privately titled (within the MUZ of increase, in- lands within the the PA) migration); being KWFR (within the monitored in the proposed Laiban barangay by the Dam; 20 hectares Barangay Health relocation being Workers negotiated for relocation with MWSS dam proponent) Illegal structure (without permit from the PAMB) Dumping of any waste By mountaineer IEC, waste in products detrimental to the exchange for protected area goods, proper segregation, barangay solid waste management committee Waste due to lack of toilet facilities Gathering and selling of wildlife IPRA Law Selling /leasing of IP rights Decreasing because to lowlanders/non-IPs/land the buyers are now speculators aware of the IPRA Law

Annex-Table 4-B. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in KWFR Major Violations Local Policy and Staff/Body/Org (enumerate Training/ Resources/ Institutional What are the major Institutional Support below) Skills of enumerated Logistics available for the arrangements gaps, issues, (Ordinances, PAMB Staff/Body enumerated (network, partnership/ challenges in relation resolutions) staff/body collaboration) to 1-4? A. In terms of the major PAMB uses national DENRO (20) since 2012- from DENROs trained on LGU provides vehicle (motor Philippine Army personnel Gaps: radio violations identified in laws the barangay- barangay tanod, basic environmental cycle, 4x4 vehicles) during part of the DENRO communication, previous WS chair and kagawad, Philippine laws and basic rules on operation operating within Kaliwa, uniform, cellphone, LGU has a “text mo kay Army and office of the enforcement (2) days, incentive, Tanay MENRO” project (helps MENRO (all 8 staff)- timber, they now apprehend and Checkpoint by Philippine LGU prepares a. Timber poaching in intelligence kaingin, solid waste, charcoal appear in court)- Army tactical/operation plan and Barangay DENRO- gathering) other ENR laws Gap: training should be engages the MLET (army, has honorarium as

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Major Violations Local Policy and Staff/Body/Org (enumerate Training/ Resources/ Institutional What are the major Institutional Support below) Skills of enumerated Logistics available for the arrangements gaps, issues, (Ordinances, PAMB Staff/Body enumerated (network, partnership/ challenges in relation resolutions) staff/body collaboration) to 1-4? periodic and need for When there is operation, PNP, DENR, MENRO) barangay officials Medium (Note: plan to deputize advance training checkpoints are established Multi-sectoral 30 more to make it 50 total to MLET has no formal MOA MLET/ MENRO has Environmental Law have all barangays represented) no budget for law Enforcement Team enforcement (vehicle) (MLET) of UMRBPL DENRO focused on 8 Medium being tapped for Kaliwa barangays Within KWFR since last year Medium Military DENRO (7) conducts Gap: Linkage with Medium regular patrolling- there is Tanggol Kalikasan for coordination with LGU, they paralegal training, turnover to LGU, LGU to private sector for DENR logistical support

DENR previously has Bantay Gubat (6) but stopped in 2013

Note: CENRO Antipolo has 15 Bantay Gubat but KWFR not part of their operation Note: Poblacion barangays have environmental armies focused on coastal areas, lakeshore/river cleanup- project in support of the YES (Ynares Ecosystem) program b. Charcoal-making National law, charcoal briquetting support by LGU (LGU buys and market)

High c. Kaingin-making Proposed Municipal Envt. Code includes kaingin and other forestry and environmental laws, PAMB uses national laws

Low d. Solid waste National law, Comprehensive ordinance on SW, PAMB uses national laws

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Major Violations Local Policy and Staff/Body/Org (enumerate Training/ Resources/ Institutional What are the major Institutional Support below) Skills of enumerated Logistics available for the arrangements gaps, issues, (Ordinances, PAMB Staff/Body enumerated (network, partnership/ challenges in relation resolutions) staff/body collaboration) to 1-4?

High Nakar a. Wildlife poaching Wild Life Act BLET in every barangay (9 BLET has training on LGU provided cellphone, BLET is member of the Gaps (BLET): need barangays- only one barangay basic environmental uniform, flashlight, rain-boots, Municipal Peace and Order more enforcers is within KWFR (Lumutan) laws and basic rules, honorarium Council (PNP, Philippine (regular enforcers to Lumutan has 3 BLET) training on biodiversity (700/person/month), no Army, DENR, MLGU) be sustainable) assessment insurance, foot patrol (area not accessible by vehicle) BLET has no formal operational cost- BLET is part also of the linkage/coordination with cellphone load, etc. Community Monitoring Group PAMB because the area is too BLET mainly for DENR (from WB project big patrols which ends in June) and LGU DENR CENRO is the team (from Kanan Watershed Rehab leader of the Mauban, Real, Need to fully Nakar LGU has Project of GEF) shares in the Nakar, Umiray Anti- Illegal operationalize the DENR CENRO has a major capability on GIS and cost of honorarium logging task Force SMART (FFI targets role geo-tagging that for Kaliwa this Cellphone signal in view deck happen by May) Mauban, Real, Nakar, Umiray Anti-Illegal Logging Task Force (functional)

Low Medium Need PC/tablet, Medium skills cellphone with camera Medium and GPS b. Timber poaching National law, LGU has a Low- because Lumutan has big FLUP which contains area (11,000 has) prohibitions on timber poaching, kaingin,

Low c. Charcoal making National law

Low d. Kaingin-making National law

Low e. Mining (gold Province has a checkpoint This concern is panning) for mining in Sitio unattended at present Batangas B. In terms of Law Enforcement Continuum Prevention Tanay- Medium Nakar- Low (because of

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Major Violations Local Policy and Staff/Body/Org (enumerate Training/ Resources/ Institutional What are the major Institutional Support below) Skills of enumerated Logistics available for the arrangements gaps, issues, (Ordinances, PAMB Staff/Body enumerated (network, partnership/ challenges in relation resolutions) staff/body collaboration) to 1-4? inaccessibility)

Apprehension (search/ Tanay- Medium surveillance, arrest, seize/ confiscate) Nakar- Low (accessibility) Prosecution (administrative Tanay- medium Nakar- Legal Support and criminal) Nakar- Low

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Annex Figure 3. KWFR Combined Violation Hotspots and Pressure Map DATE

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Contour Streams Violations and Pressures (Threats) - Part I based on Joint ELE, METT, Community Mapping and ToC by RWG workshops 1-4 - Kaingin; 36-40 - Utilization of portions of PA to upland vegetable/agri farming; annual and perennial non-timber crop cultivation; habitat shifting and alteration 5 - Pagbaba ng dami ng buhay-ilang 6-7 - Paggawa ng dam 8-14 - Pagbebenta ng ancestral land 15 - Pagkasunog ng kagubatan 16-18 - Mabilis na pagdami ng kabahayan 19-21 - Pagpatay at pagsira ng buhay-ilang (giant fruit bat, cloud rat, unggoy, bayawak, turtles, birds nest, baboy ramo, sawa, usa, alamid, kilyawan, kalaw, tariktik, tagak, martines, banoy, batu-bato, kulasisi, banoy, lawin 22 - Pagkokolekta at pagbebenta ng wild orchids 23 - Pagkokolekta at pagbebenta ng dwarf tree 24 - Pagkokolekta at pagbebenta ng ugat-tuud 25 - Pagkakaroon ng walang rehistrong chainsaw 26 - Pagta-tamper ng serial number ng chainsaw 27 - Paga-asemblo at pagbebenta ng chainsaw 28-29 - Illegal na pagpuputol, pagkakaroon at transportasyon ng mga puno (at pagkokolekta panggatong, at pagbebenta ng uling) 30-32 - Pagkukuha ng birds nests 33 - Pagkokolekta ng of guano, stalactites, stalagmites 34 - Pagkokolekta ng mga resources sa kweba (stalactites and stalagmites as souvenir (may trader- for tiles) 35 - Pagku-kuryente ng isda sa mga ilog 41-42 - Pagmi-mina (e.g., guano) 43 - Gold panning sa Lanatin, Agos rivers 44 - Energy generation 45-48 - Housing (and settlement) within PACBRMA areas 49-50 - Recreational activities sa Sangab cave, waterfalls at Mt. Batung Lusong 51 - Arson sa lahat ng barangay sa KWFR 53-55 - Storm 56-62 - Flooding 63-68 - Landslide 69-71 - Matinding at di napapanahong tag-init, at tag-tuyo (na nagreresulta sa pagtuyo ng ilog at balon) 72-73 - Erosyon at siltasyon (dulot ng di mapangalangang paraan ng pagsasaka) 74-75 - Epekto ng impluwensya ng mga grupo 76-77 - Agriculture and forestry effluents (sobrang pataba, at pestisidyo) 78-81 - Habitat shifting and alteration (dulot ng kaingin, at pastulan) Multiple Use Zone Recreational Use Zone Cultural Use Zone Special Use Zone Sustainable Use Zone Restoration Use Zone Strict Protection Zone

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ANNEX 5. NAUJAN LAKE NATIONAL PARK (NLNP) ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT WORKSHOP OUTPUTS, MAY 21-22, 2014

Annex Table 5-A. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Naujan Portion of NLNP Laws Major Violations Who are the violators? Where are the Other Remarks on What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, Major threats that What are the gender of violations violations DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc? What is our track record (e.g. no. of remain these violators? located? (magnitude, apprehensions, no. of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) unaddressed/ Behind these violators? timing, trend, etc.) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement continuum? weakly addressed Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Forestry Code Cutting, gathering, Residents of San Luis, Malvar 236 board ft. Establishment of Combined force of Case is filed and Distant area; logs are collecting, removing Naujan; men (white lauan checkpoints and patrol PNP and DENR under inquest; already cut upon timber or any forest species) operations already turned arrival products in A and D over to court without any permit Distant place, logs are already cut before arrival Cutting, gathering, Residents (hearsay); Arangin Establishment of Combined force of Case is filed and collecting, removing men checkpoints and patrol PNP and DENR under inquest; timber or any forest operations already turned products in A and D over to court without any permit Distant place, logs are already cut before arrival Cutting, gathering, Residents; men San Andres One dump truck Establishment of Combined force of Case is filed and collecting, removing and 6x6 (once); checkpoints and patrol PNP and DENR under inquest; timber or any forest many times operations already turned products in A and D Distant place, logs are over to court without any permit already cut before arrival Cutting, gathering, Residents; Mangy an Benton One dump truck Same Same Same collecting, removing IPs (hearsay); men (2010); abandoned timber or any forest products in A and D without any permit Cutting, gathering, Residents (hearsay); Antipolice 300 board ft. Same Same Same collecting, removing men (abandoned) once in timber or any forest a while; products in A and D Cutting of Mangrove without any permit trees/Fishpond owner/ -- conversion of lot Forestry Code – Cutting, gathering, Cutting of Mangrove Kalinin 22 ha; conversion Inspection of area ECC permit available mangrove collecting, removing trees/Fishpond owner/ -- of lot conversion timber or any forest conversion of lot products in A & D without any permit Forestry Code Cutting, gathering, Cutting of Mangrove San Jose 22 ha; conversion Inspection of area ECC permit available collecting, removing trees/Fishpond owner/ -- of lot timber or any forest conversion of lot products in A and D without any permit Cutting, gathering, Pinagsa-bangan

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Laws Major Violations Who are the violators? Where are the Other Remarks on What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, Major threats that What are the gender of violations violations DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc? What is our track record (e.g. no. of remain these violators? located? (magnitude, apprehensions, no. of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) unaddressed/ Behind these violators? timing, trend, etc.) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement continuum? weakly addressed collecting, removing timber or any forest products in A and D without any permit Kaingin Mangyans/both Arangin Balite, Formerly second Identified as NGP area Inspection but no gender/barangay growth forest; 3 ha violators present

1 ha Identified as NGP area Paitan

Chainsaw Act Use of chainsaw Same as those with Same as those Same as those Regular meetings for None in Naujan Monitoring of without permit cutting of trees with cutting of chainsaw registration (elusive) chainsaw owners is trees difficult to know

Wildlife Wildlife gathering, Mr. Puson/big time Montelago, Patong Tsina, 20 Confiscation of guns Confiscation of guns Filed a case; No boats and Conservation/ killing, hunting hunters Bayani heads and boats; barangay and boats; filed a case political equipment for Protection ordinance; set a intervention; monitoring and precedent to small only fine but not patrolling illegal hunters convicted; dismiss case Fisheries, etc. Illegal commercial Trawl fishers; male; Herrera same Same Same Same same fishing residents from neighboring provinces/towns Trawl fishers; male; Sta. Cruz 300-500 kilos of Establishment of bouy Apprehended and Long process of Control of violators residents from various fish species; markers; regular case filed in court hearing; after 6 from other neighboring day and night time patrolling with Bantay months to 1 municipalities are not provinces/towns (7am/10 am/7- Dagat/PNP/Maritime/ year; dependent given emphasis (past) 12am); BFAR on regular filing daily/monthly Trawl fishers; male; Estrella same Same Same Same same residents from neighboring provinces/towns Elecro-fishing Residents; immigrants; Concepcion 10 kilos during Patrolling; monitoring Apprehended and Penalty; male; Bancuro peak season and inspection of filed in the municipal Antipolice (spawning period) Butas River PNP; confiscation of Dao/Laguna Banglis; February fishing equipment to May; Oct to Nov; Illegal conversion of Residents; immigrants; Kalinin mangrove to fishpond male; Antipolice San Jose Fishing in reservation, Illegal fishers from Masaguing, More than 80 kilos Presence of municipal Confiscation of Municipal level addressed fish sanctuary Brgy. Ibaba, Calapan Herrera of breeders; ordinance in fish equipment for City; big-time summer time peak sanctuary fishing; filed case; businessman; season; during compressor is not Fisheries, etc. stormy weather covered in 8550

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Laws Major Violations Who are the violators? Where are the Other Remarks on What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, Major threats that What are the gender of violations violations DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc? What is our track record (e.g. no. of remain these violators? located? (magnitude, apprehensions, no. of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) unaddressed/ Behind these violators? timing, trend, etc.) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement continuum? weakly addressed Use of active gear Commercial fishing Herrera 10 tons (four Implementation of 10- Apprehended within Completion of Fishing equipment vessels; male; towns); 15 km distance from range documents of not complete resident/owners summertime shoreline fishing vessel acquired from Marina office and municipality Use of active gear Commercial fishing Melgar Same vessels; male; Sta. Cruz resident/owners San Antonio Blast fishing Illegal fishers from Masaguing Summer time and Regular patrolling; File a case; Filed in court; Lucena, Quezon Herrera high waves (jan to confiscation one of the province and Sta. Cruz March/holy week); convicted Marinduque; male; Melgar 300 kilos carried by escaped and one owners of big time fishing vessel case was put in fishing vessel jail Use of fine-meshed nets Residents; male; Masaguing About 300 kilos of Confiscation of fine Confiscation of fine Municipal level Lack of enforcement various fish species; meshed nets; meshed nets; of municipal peak season March cancellation of fishing cancellation of ordinance and to April gear registration or fishing gear national ordinance licenses registration and license Cyanide fishing /Use of Neighboring towns, Masaguing Summertime, Regular patrolling of Implementation of Municipal level Uncontrolled fisher poison in fishing Calapan, Marinduque, Herrera collection of corals Bantay Dagat; IEC on approved ordinance – 1st to 3rd folks from barangays Pola, and aquarium protection/conservatio offense, penalty and neighboring Naujan/male/residents fishes; n and proper place utilization of aquatic species Obstruction of defined Residents/male/ Dao 2 sacks/ night of Regular patrolling of Municipal level Uncontrolled illegal migratory paths businessman / barangay Bancoro simbad, banglis, Butas River with PNP, And barangay level structures like officials San Isidro aliputo, banak military, MAgO baklads fishes; spawning fisheries sector, season Bantay Dagat and Bantay Lawa

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Annex Table 5-B. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Naujan Portion of NLNP Major Violations Local Policy Support Staff/ Body/ Org (enumerate Training/ Resources/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing ordinances, below) (1) Skills of enumerated Staff/Body Logistics available for the (network, partnership/ PAMB Resolutions) (1) (2) enumerated collaboration) (4) identify staff/body (3) Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Rating Rating Rating Rating Rating In terms of the major violations identified in previous WS (Threat 1, T2, etc) Cutting, gathering, Medium Strict Low Lack of Medium Information Medium Lack of Medium Lack of linkaging/ collecting, implementation manpower dissemination of employee/personne coordination removing timber or of ordinances training results; l (Naujan has 70 efforts any forest products Coordination approach the brgys, DENR has 6 in A and D without Poverty among LGU, community for forest guards in 7 any permit DENR and PNP training purpose municipalities

Use of chainsaw Low Lack of Strict Low Lack of Low Lack of Medium Lack of Low Lack of without a permit implementation manpower Information employee/personne linkaging/coordina of dissemination of l (Naujan has 70 tion efforts/ ordinances/resol Coordination training results; brgys, DENR has 6 Lack of info utions by among LGU, approach the forest guards in 7 dissemination respective DENR and PNP community for municipalities; lack agencies training purpose of information dissemination Poverty/ cultural practices Wildlife gathering, Medium Lack of strict Medium Lack of Medium Lack of Medium Scheduling in Medium killing, hunting implementation personnel; (PAMB) application in patrol is conflict or conflict with training; absence of schedule among respective PNP ranks; individual/ agency Threat 5 Medium Strict Medium Lack of Medium Lack of initiative High Medium Lack of initiative Illegal commercial implementation coordination in applying and coordination fishing of ordinance between fisher training skills/ with barangays folks and knowledge concerned agencies; lack of mobilization Electro Fishing High Medium Lack of staff in Medium Lack of IEC on High Lack of initiative Low Coordination with the barangay ordinance on by barangay the barangay level electrofishing constituents/ officials informants Illegal conversion Lack of Medium Lack of Medium Lack of Medium Medium Lack of of mangrove to barangay personnel who application of collaboration fishpond ordinance and provide derived training Medium municipal information ordinance (informant) A. In terms of Law Enforcement Continuum Prevention Low Lack of Medium Availability of Medium Willingness/comm Low Lack of equipment; medium Slowly building coordination in Bantay Gubat itment of trained distant area for partnership; Cutting, collecting the from the personnel monitoring; lack of proper and gathering implementation community; personnel coordination with

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Major Violations Local Policy Support Staff/ Body/ Org (enumerate Training/ Resources/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing ordinances, below) (1) Skills of enumerated Staff/Body Logistics available for the (network, partnership/ PAMB Resolutions) (1) (2) enumerated collaboration) (4) identify staff/body (3) Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Rating Rating Rating Rating Rating timber and timber of ordinance confidential; other agencies; products in A and D multi-agency task w/o permit

Prevention Kainign Low Lack of Medium Availability of Medium Willingness/ Low Lack of equipment; Medium Slowly building coordination in Bantay Gubat commitment of distant area for partnership; the from the trained personnel monitoring; lack of proper implementation community; personnel coordination with of ordinance confidential; other agencies; multi-agency task Prevention Low Lack of barangay Low Availability of Medium Willingness/comm Low distant area for Low Slowly building ordinance; Bantay Gubat itment of trained monitoring; lack of partnership; Illegal use of chainsaw act is from the personnel personnel; lack of proper chainsaw relatively new; community; support by the coordination with not yet confidential; barangay officials other agencies; disseminated info distant area multi-agency task Wildlife gathering, Medium Occasional Medium Lack of Medium Strengthening of High Medium Seasonal hunting; killing and hunting patrolling and not (PASU) implementation tools for wildlife on daily basis and action monitoring Apprehension Low No one is Low Presence of fear Medium Need for more Low Need for security Medium Combined force of (search/ apprehended because of training in measures DENR and other surveillance, arrest, since abandoned armed illegal monitoring agencies; lack of seize/ cutters; initiative of lead confiscate) agency (DENR) Cutting, collecting and gathering timber and timber products in A and D w/p permit Apprehension Low No one is Low Presence of fear Medium Need for more Low Need for security Medium Combined force of (search/ apprehended because of training in measures DENR and other surveillance, arrest, since abandoned armed illegal monitoring agencies; lack of seize/ cutters; initiative of lead confiscate) agency (DENR)

Kaingin Apprehension Low No one is Low Presence of fear Low Need for more Low Need for security Low Combined force of (search/ apprehended because of training in measures DENR and other surveillance, arrest, since abandoned armed illegal monitoring agencies; lack of seize/ cutters; initiative of lead confiscate) agency (DENR)

Use of chainsaw w/o permit

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Major Violations Local Policy Support Staff/ Body/ Org (enumerate Training/ Resources/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing ordinances, below) (1) Skills of enumerated Staff/Body Logistics available for the (network, partnership/ PAMB Resolutions) (1) (2) enumerated collaboration) (4) identify staff/body (3) Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Rating Rating Rating Rating Rating Wildlife hunting, Low No one is Low Presence of fear Low Need for more Low Need for security Low Combined force of killing and apprehended because of training in measures DENR and other gathering since abandoned armed illegal monitoring agencies; lack of cutters; initiative of lead agency (DENR) Prosecution Medium Lack of strict Low Slow action of medium Training not being Medium Low The decision of (administra-tive and implementation the court applied; lack of the court is criminal) of ordinances and technology unknown and Cutting, collecting resolutions; transfer takes a long and gathering intervention of process timber and timber political products in A and D individuals w/o permit Prosecution medium Lack of strict Low Slow action of medium Training not being medium Low The decision of (administra-tive and implementation the court applied; lack of the court is criminal) of ordinances and technology unknown and resolutions; transfer takes a long Kaingin intervention of process political individuals Prosecution Low Lack of strict Low Slow action of Low Training not being Low Lack of Low The decision of (administra-tive and implementation the court applied; lack of requirements for the court is criminal) of ordinances and techno transfer in registration; lack of unknown and resolutions; monitoring funds by chainsaw takes a long Use of chainsaw intervention of operators; process without permit political assembled individuals equipment cannot be registered Wildlife Hunting, High Medium High High High Convicted Gathering and Killing

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Annex Table 5-C. Assessment of Current Law Environmental Enforcement Situation in Pola Portion of NLNP Who are the What are we doing about these at present and by whom Other violators? (LGU, DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc? What is our track Remarks on Major threats What are the record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? Where are the violations that remain Laws Major Violations gender of these successful prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of violations located? (magnitude, unaddressed/ violators? law enforcement continuum? timing, trend, weakly addressed Behind these etc.) violators? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Forestry Code Kaingin in upland portion Kaingin by Misong (Private land, Kaingin is - LGU has - Violators are - no prosecution and conversion of mangrove tenants of private forestland but outside decreasing (now trained & blottered to the brgy. area into settlement land owners; ten protected area around 5% of deputized & PNP and given percent of area, no more Bantay Dagat penalty based on the barangay forest to convert (7) who municipal fisheries population to kaingin; conducts code settling inside regular mangrove areas conversion of patrolling who - DENR has 2 mangrove serve as bantay gubat last maintained at caretakers year which was current level functional only for 6 plans to months, stopped due establish to lack of honorarium mangrove sanctuary - no active apprehension replanting mangrove

has a functional fish sanctuary managed by LGU, CRM of PGOM, Community

IEC conducted by brgy, on kaingin

LGU has a CRM Plan ready for approval by the SB. Forestry Code Kaingin Farmers, IPs Tagbakin (private None none land)

Kaingin Farmers and Bayanan (forestland None settlers, IPs, also and private land) by IPs (tadyawan) Kaingin IPs and Settlers Pahilahan (forestland) None

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Who are the What are we doing about these at present and by whom Other violators? (LGU, DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc? What is our track Remarks on Major threats What are the record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? Where are the violations that remain Laws Major Violations gender of these successful prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of violations located? (magnitude, unaddressed/ violators? law enforcement continuum? timing, trend, weakly addressed Behind these etc.) violators? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Forestry Code Charcoal Making Settlers, fishpond Batuhan None owners Forestry Code Illegal occupancy (land Illegal settlers Puting Cacao, None claimant, land speculation) Tagumpay, Tagbakin(certain forestland) NIPAS Electrofishing Settlers Tagbakin and None Matulatula NIPAS Illegal use of motorized Occupants Tagbakin and increasing None increasing equipment (banca, Matulatula unregistered)

NIPAS Hunting, destroying, or mere Occupants (5 Bayanan None possession of my plants or families, birds for animals or products derived pet sold within there from without a permit the town- from the Management Board kamukon, pora- pora, kilyawan, maya) musang, bayawak and sawa for food NIPAS Illegal squatting o By the hundreds Batuhan up to zone 1 None Environmental occupation and increasing and zone 2 and pollution along the lake and Bayanan, Tagbakin increasing because Casiligan River and Matulatula of this NIPAS Act/RA 9003 Illegal dumpsite inside the LGU Bayanan LGU identified PA area for controlled dumpsite NIPAS Act Establishment of structures, Bayanan and None fence, enclosure or conduct Panikihan of business without permit (piggery with hundreds of heads along the river, gasoline station) Caves Act Treasure Hunting Local Puting Cacao, None communities and Tiguihan, Pahilahan, outsiders Matulatula, Panikihan, Kalubas Anton, Casiligan Wildlife Wildlife gathering, killing, Local Panikihan. Casiligan None Increasing Conservation/Protectio hunting communities, IPs Tagbakin n birds for pet sold within the Matulatula town- kamukon, pora-pora, Batuhan

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Who are the What are we doing about these at present and by whom Other violators? (LGU, DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc? What is our track Remarks on Major threats What are the record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? Where are the violations that remain Laws Major Violations gender of these successful prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of violations located? (magnitude, unaddressed/ violators? law enforcement continuum? timing, trend, weakly addressed Behind these etc.) violators? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution kilyawan, maya) musang, Puting Cacao bayawak and sawa for food

Wildlife Conservation/ Trading of birds locally 5 families Bayanan None Protection Fisheries, etc. Commercial fishing Around 10 Buhay na Tubig Municipality Now being encroachment within vessels from (outside the park) apprehends and contained municipal waters Pinamalayan, penalizes Bansud and Naujan

Fisheries, etc. Fishing in reservation, fish Local fishers Bacawan, tagumpay, Implementation of sanctuary Calima and Misong, municipal ordinance Puting Cacao

Fisheries, etc. Use of compressor By fishers from Misong and Buhay na Cases filed by LGU Contained Naujan, Tubig Pinamalayan, Calapan, Quezon Fisheries, etc. Paggamit ng illegal active By fishers from Misong, Bayanan, Contained gear Naujan, Pola, Buhay na Tubig Pinamalayan, Calapan, Quezon

Fisheries, etc. Use of fine-meshed nets By fishers from Tiguihan, Batuhan, Contained Naujan, Pola, Bayanan Pinamalayan, Calapan, Quezon Fisheries, etc. Aquatic Pollution Batuhan, Bayanan, (commercial feeds Tiguihan Fisheries, etc. Illegal conversion of Old settler Malibago (mangrove Contained by mangrove to fishpond families area outside PA), LGU Batuhan (outside PA), Panikihan outside PA Fisheries, etc. Electro-fishing Tagbakin (outside PA) Fisheries, etc. Cyanide fishing o use of Tagumpay, Puting Contained by poison Cacao (outside PA) LGU

Chainsaw Act Use of chainsaw without a Coconut lumber Matulatula, Tagbakin, All barangays of permit (used for cutting business owners Tiguihan Batuhan Pola has coconut lumber) Panikihan (all inside unregistered the PA) chainsaw

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Annex Table 5-D. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Pola Portion of NLNP Local Policy Support Resources/ Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Staff/Body/ Org (enumerate Logistics available for the Skills of enumerated Staff/Body (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB below) (1) enumerated Law Enforcement (2) collaboration) (4) identify Resolutions) (1) staff/body (3) Activity Current/ Current/ Current/ Current/ Current/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating Rating Rating Rating A. In terms of the Municipal PAMB 2 Bantay Gubat Non-functional BPAT has BPAT’s Bantay Gubat BPAT- Malampaya Absence of major violations Fisheries regulations for the whole BPAT training on basic training on given uniform, ID, provides help to formal identified in Code being and municipality law enforcement environmental honorarium but (per barangay- focal sites collaboration previous WS implemented implementatio now inactive Lack of forest training from law now stopped handcuffs, hand (Calima, Puting between PNP (Threat 1, T2, etc.) (High) n of policies (very low) guards/patrollin PNP but has no enforcement (very Low) held radio com, cacao) in terms and LGU lacking g and wildlife training on raincoat, of livelihood Proposed (treasure 35 Bantay law enforcers environmental Selected BPAT Bantay Dagat camera, patrol support to ordinance for hunting, etc.) Dagat for the law enforcement (e.g. team volunteer given vehicle) barangay fisher DENR and institutionalizi (very Low) whole Need for leader) needs to banca by LGU, folk associations PAMB has no ng, municipality DENR-led Very low for the be deputized by 12 receives Need for the and Bantay support yet integrating Training on (high) forest protection lake) the DENR after honorarium of LGU to pass an Dagat vegetable WACS and and enforcement training PhP120/day ordinance to garden in waste PNP initiative from LGU, support the Province barangay/day processing Barangay PASU has no Number of uniform, ID BPAT provides support care center Peacekeeping staff (PAWZC Bantay Lawa very high) for CRM and solid waste Action Team- has only two has to be MPAs management as a start has forest rangers increased to at and tree park seven members for the seven least five for LGU provided per barangay- a municipality each barangay one banca for volunteer under CENRO (shifting- two patrolling of organization Socorro, and each, one team the two that can includes lake leader) barangays compose of protection in officials and their function) ordinary citizens (LOI Bayanihan) in all barangay formed last year but not supervised/ not activated after the training (plan to turn these into BPAT/ Bantay Gubat/Kalikasa n)

Barangay

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Local Policy Support Resources/ Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Staff/Body/ Org (enumerate Logistics available for the Skills of enumerated Staff/Body (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB below) (1) enumerated Law Enforcement (2) collaboration) (4) identify Resolutions) (1) staff/body (3) Activity Current/ Current/ Current/ Current/ Current/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating Rating Rating Rating Matulatula and Tagbakin have two each Bantay Lawa supported by municipal LGU functional (high) for two years now

Very low for the lake A. In terms of Law Enforcement Continuum

 Prevention Focused on coastal enforcement

 Apprehension Focused on coastal law enforcement (search/ surveillance, arrest, seize/ confiscate)

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Annex Table 5-E. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Socorro Portion of NLNP What are we doing about these at present and by whom Laws Who are the (LGU, DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc.? What is our track record violators? Other Remarks (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? successful What are the on violations Major threats that Major Where are the prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law gender of these (magnitude, remain unaddressed/ Violations violations located? enforcement continuum? violators? timing, trend, weakly addressed

Behind these etc.) Prosecution violators? Prevention Apprehension

Forestry Code Cutting, Community  Fortuna Abandoned logs BIN & Barangay None because None Need to be addressed gathering, members.  Bugtong na officials conduct violators abandon the collecting, Tuog, Seasonal e.g. information logs removing timber Male  Happy Valley non-fruiting drives and or either forest  Ma. season surveillance Logs/forest products products in forest Concepcion are turned over to lands without PNP Checkpoint MAILTF any permit For livelihood Kaingin plus Community  Fortuna Seasonal Inform 1 apprehension Case filed; case Need to be addressed charcoal making members  Bugtong na community ongoing Tuog, For Livelihood members that  Happy Valley these are  Ma prohibited Concepcion NIPAS Illegal squatting/ Started with  Pasil II Continuing None None None Need to be addressed Occupation migrants then  Batong Dalig extended families  Santo No property of Domingo their own (Lapog) Near their livelihood area Solid Waste Dumping of Squatters  Pasil II No facilities Patrolling by None None Need to be addressed Management Act waste  Batong Dalig (specially toilets) Barangay  Santo officials Domingo (Lapog) Wildlife Wildlife Community  Bugtong na For Consumption None None None Need to be addressed Conservation/Pro killing/gathering/ members Tuog tection hunting  Ma. Concepcion Fisheries, etc. Electro-fishing Residents of  Pasil I For Consumption BIN, Barangay Apprehended Filed case against Under control for adjacent barangays  Santo Officials monitor 2 persons the 2 but Socorro residents. and from other town Domingo Livelihood and conduct dismissed due to Problem is with those (Lapog) surveillance technicality from other town

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Annex Table 5-F. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Socorro Portion of NLNP Resources/ Logistics available for the Local Policy Support (enumerate Training/ Institutional arrangements Staff/ Body/ Org (enumerate enumerated existing ordinances, PAMB Skills of enumerated (network, partnership/ below) (1) staff/body/enforcement Law Enforcement Resolutions) (1) Staff/Body (2) collaboration) (4) identify (checkpoints, vehicles, Activity communication, etc. (3) Current Current Current Current Current Specific Specific situation/ Specific Gap/s situation/ Specific Gap/s situation/ situation/ Specific Gap/s situation/ Gap/s Gap/s Rating Rating Rating Rating Rating A. In terms of the major violations identified in previous WS (Threat 1, T2, etc) Municipal Info Dissemi- Active Regularity of Low Enhancement Low Communicatio LGU-PNP Lack of PNP Environment nation MAILTF Meetings of Capability n equipment collaboration personnel Code 2012 R: High A. R: Medium Enhance Enhance Office R: Medium Inactive capability and Very low capability and Very Low supplies MAILTF is Bantay deputize more deputize multi-sectoral Kalikasan more Vehicles R: High R: Very Low Capacity Building Enhancement Funds BIN (PNP of capability assets) Low Very low Incentives and R: Medium rewards system In terms of Law Enforcement Continuum – No answer

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Annex Table 5-G. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Socorro Portion on NLNP Who are the What are we doing about these at present? What is our track violators? Other Remarks record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution?, successful Major threats that What are the on violations Where are the prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement remain Laws Major Violations gender of these (magnitude, violations located? continuum? unaddressed/ violators? timing, trend, weakly addressed Behind these etc.) violators? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Forestry Code Cutting, gathering, Community (Male)  Concepcion Furniture shops Checkpoints Several apprehension 5 cases filed in No sustainable collecting,  Villa Cerverza are located in stationed in to include abandoned 2013-2014 on- alternative removing timber IPs  Bagong Silang Poblacion 1, 3 Poblacion 3, Jose logs, Gmelina, going cases livelihood or either forest  Loyal and Alcate Leido Macatoc Diptero in Villa Provision of products in forest  Bagong Buhay Cervera (Lauan at incentives for lands without any For livelihood- PNP regular conduct Tanguile) Bantay gubat and permit happening of checkpoint and Bantay Lawa mostly during moving patrol rainy season depending on the information form -trend minimal intelligence

Note: Reported illegal activities are intercepted when transported Has DENR- Bantay Gubat; Intelligence team composed of 2-3 pax; total of 15 volunteers assets);

PAMB coordinates and conduct a joint operation with PNP

Note: Illegal poachers are fearless since they are protected by NPAs in exchange of revolutionary tax they pay to them) Intelligence/informa tion sharing thru text Kaingin Community and IPs  Concepcion For agricultural DENR gave specific Lack of manpower  Villa Cerverza expansion area where they can and resources  Loyal planting fruit make kaingin  Bagong Buhay bearing trees  Alcate CENRO Socorro has IPs planting cash jurisdiction over crops for NLNP covering 7 consumption municipalities (staff

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Who are the Other Remarks What are we doing about these at present? What is our track Major threats that violators? Where are the on violations record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution?, successful remain Laws Major Violations What are the violations located? (magnitude, prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement unaddressed/ gender of these timing, trend, continuum? weakly addressed violators? etc.) Behind these 8- 2 are foresters) violators? Community paid as labor in NGP project for planting/ maintenance) Use of chainsaw Mangy an for  Concepcion Decreasing without a permit commercial sold to  Villa Cerverza during summer Tagalog for  Loyal construction  Bagong Buhay  Alcate NIPAS Illegal Same as above Along coastal areas Controlled squatting/occupati  Urdaneta through the help on  San Narciso of Brgy officials  Dungan  Canaan Increasing  Banbanig population

Migrants from Visayas, Bicol with relatives inside the PA Wildlife Wildlife Community for  Duongan Decreasing, Conservation/ gathering/hunting/ consumption  Malabo usually during Protection killing  San Narciso harvest season For consumption-  Urdaneta tikling from rice fields Mining/ quarrying Businessmen (4) Note: Limited/ in critical habitat may quarry permit Malayas river controlled outside the lake Dumping of waste  Along IEC in critical habitat riverbanks of San Narciso Decreasing and Urdaneta Illegal occupation  Urdaneta IEC, (critical habitat)  Malabo implementation of brgy ordinance prohibiting illegal occupation

Controlled

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Who are the Other Remarks What are we doing about these at present? What is our track Major threats that violators? Where are the on violations record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution?, successful remain Laws Major Violations What are the violations located? (magnitude, prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement unaddressed/ gender of these timing, trend, continuum? weakly addressed violators? etc.) Fisheries, etc. Electro-fishing CommunityBehind these  Jose Leido, Jr. For consumption Backyard fishponds Confiscation of boat 1 case filed in residentsviolators?  Duongan and electro fishing court  Malabo LGU provides gear  Urdaneta fingerlings within Victoria in collaboration with BFAR

DA provides free vegetable seeds Aquatic pollution Farmers  Urdaneta Use of pesticides Big area coverage (insecticides)  San Narciso that needs to be manage given the limited manpower

Annex Table 5-H. Assessment of Current Law Environmental Enforcement Capacity in Victoria Portion of NLNP Resources/ Local Policy Support Logistics available for the Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Staff/Body/Org enumerated Skills of enumerated (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB (enumerate below) (1) staff/body/enforcement Staff/Body (2) collaboration) (4) identify Major Violations Resolutions) (1) (checkpoints, vehicles, communication, etc. (3) Current Current Current Current Current Specific Specific situation/ Specific Gap/s situation/ Specific Gap/s situation/ situation/ situation/ Specific Gap/s Gap/s Gap/s Rating Rating Rating Rating Rating A. In terms of the major violations identified in previous WS (Threat 1, T2, etc)  Cutting, gathering, Brgy Weak Staff trained No DENR with 3 Trucks/jeep to DENR Lack of collecting, Ordinance on implementatio in basic ELE maintenance motorcycle for haul Collaboration manpower- removing timber logging and n of ordinance fund for the NGP confiscate logs with PNP, increase or either forest kaingin due to lack of Low honorarium monitoring,1 PAMB enforcers in 5 products in forest making alternative pick being used hotspot lands without any livelihood Currently by Chief/unit Medium barangays permit Medium there is no head Selective Bantay Weak implementatio Gubat, GPS-6 Deployment of n Tablet-8 in-house PNP Bantay Lawa Camera-10 personnel and May purely as AFP in the connivance sa intelligence High DENR office brgy officials individual at violators

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Resources/ Local Policy Support Logistics available for the Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Staff/Body/Org enumerated Skills of enumerated (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB (enumerate below) (1) staff/body/enforcement Staff/Body (2) collaboration) (4) identify Major Violations Resolutions) (1) (checkpoints, vehicles, communication, etc. (3) Current Current Current Current Current Specific Specific situation/ Specific Gap/s situation/ Specific Gap/s situation/ situation/ situation/ Specific Gap/s Gap/s Gap/s Rating Rating Rating Rating Rating Wildlife Act Ordinance on PAMB and no WEO Low No trained Very minimal Hunting wildlife Brgy LGUs, WEO incidence on hunting/gathe DENR; function wildlife ring assumed by gathering Medium PASU with High the help of LGU and PNP- NIPAS Act Brgy PAMB with Political Issue has been Squatting Ordinance Brgy intervention/Hu discussed PAMB captains- man during PAMB resolution considerations; meetings prohibiting Medium voters of the squatting Mayor or Brgy within the Captain Protected area- Medium Fisheries Brgy Brgy Limited funds Electro-fishing ordinance officials

Ordinance High establishing fish sanctuary in selected brgy

High Aquatic pollution Brgy Brgy ordinance; Officials and Brgy Solid Muncipal Waste LGU Management Plan Medium High In terms of Law Enforcement Continuum  Prevention Brgy PNP-DENR, Political 3 checkpoints Strong ordinance PAMB with intervention along nautical Cooperation of prohibiting Brgy official and provincial barangay illegal highway, SRMH residents pasture/grazin (strong republic g in the Concerned Nautical national park; citizen text Highway)

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Resources/ Local Policy Support Logistics available for the Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Staff/Body/Org enumerated Skills of enumerated (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB (enumerate below) (1) staff/body/enforcement Staff/Body (2) collaboration) (4) identify Major Violations Resolutions) (1) (checkpoints, vehicles, communication, etc. (3) Current Current Current Current Current Specific Specific situation/ Specific Gap/s situation/ Specific Gap/s situation/ situation/ situation/ Specific Gap/s Gap/s Gap/s Rating Rating Rating Rating Rating patrol Ordinance on Mobile patrolling cutting by PNP High especially during night time for peace and order  Apprehension PNP lead the No reward Basic lecture No allocated (search/ Barangay system on gathering allowance for surveillance, Peace information cellphone load arrest, seize/ Keeping and basic to send confiscate) Action Team laws information on (BPATs) for time crime Medium prevention funded by LGU composed of brgy tanod

BIN (Brgy Intelligence Network- discrete intelligence network

High  Prosecution Continuous (administrative hearing and criminal) Cases filed with conviction on illegal transport of timber

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Annex Figure 4. NLNP Violation Hotspots Maps, May 21-22, 2014

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ANNEX 6. QUINALI-A WATERSHED ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT WORKSHOP OUTPUTS, JUNE 23-25, 2014 = Annex Table 6-A. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Ligao City Portion of QAW Who are the What are we doing about these at present? What is our track violators? record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? Other Remarks Major threats What are the Successful prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law Where are the on violations that remain Laws Major Violations genders of these enforcement continuum? violations located? (magnitude, unaddressed/ violators? timing, trend, etc. weakly addressed Behind these Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Forestry Code Kaingin Community Oma-oma, Declining; onset of Patrolling Bantay Blotter at Brgy (2 resident for Malama rainy season Kalikasan (1 per brgy cases) farming purposes Abella in 55 brgys) Maonon Volunteers- honorarium provided by LGU 1,500- 2,500/month/person

Dialogue at the brgy. Illegal cutting/ Community Tupas Declining Regular PNP Charcoal, coco Jan-May 2014- Unclear roles and charcoal making residents for Hererra patrolling in lumber, firewood; 6 cases filed in responsibilities and household use and Balanak coordination with good lumber court accountabilities of construction Maonon barangay officials concerned purposes Macalidong Apprehended 28 agencies (DENR, Pinamaniquian Regular coordination sacks of charcoal PNP, LGUs) for Busay with Punong Conveyance-1 all violations Nasisi Barangays identified Amtic Bacong Bantay Kalikasan Abella (LGU) Malama Joint Operations between PNP and DENR

IEC/Orientation Environmental laws; Orientation given during Liga Sessions (Regular meeting) NIPAS Act/ Killing and Community Amtic Declining IEC Act /Wildlife destroying wildlife resident for food Weekend, night Patrolling Act species consumption time

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Who are the What are we doing about these at present? What is our track violators? record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? Other Remarks Major threats What are the Successful prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law Where are the on violations that remain Laws Major Violations genders of these enforcement continuum? violations located? (magnitude, unaddressed/ violators? timing, trend, etc. weakly addressed Behind these Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Wild pig, chicken Wildlife/ Timber Community Amtic Depending on poaching resident for demand consumption Fisheries Code Presence of Commercial Docking areas Pio Decreasing Creation of Multi- Numerous 4 cases filed in No green court Pangulong fishers from Duran operating in agency Task Force apprehensions court; all adjacent Towns Burias Pass acquitted Who should file and Provinces- Illegal fishing and complaint- Lucena, Iriga Aquatic Resource Cabadian issue Task Force Ring net/ Business/ Palakaya Livelihood Bantay Dagat (26 personnel in 3 coastal Owner from Iriga brgys of Ligao (Maonon, Cabarian, Catburawan) Electro-fishing Community for Along rivers- Decreasing Close coordination food consumption Batanng, Pinit with Brgy official Calsada, Bunga Cave Act Collection of Community Allang for No data Close coordination None None Guano residents livelihood with Brgy official Destruction of cave Unidentified Oma-oma Totally prevented Close coordination resources Macalidong with Brgy official Chainsaw Act Use of chainsaw ng Private/business Nasisi Sole case reported IEC 1 case Case filed in without a permit Hererra court Bacong Regular Police Busay presence/visibility in Abella the area Maonon Ciliat Regular check- Tula-tula Pekenio points/choke points (Brgy Paulba, Nasisi, Cabisi

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Who are the What are we doing about these at present? What is our track violators? record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? Other Remarks Major threats What are the Successful prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law Where are the on violations that remain Laws Major Violations genders of these enforcement continuum? violations located? (magnitude, unaddressed/ violators? timing, trend, etc. weakly addressed Behind these Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Solid waste Open burning of Residents/farmer All 55 Barangays Weak EC on SWM None, warning to None Weak mgt Act agri waste implementation of Barangays implementation/ ESWM at 2 MRF Facilities enforcement of barangay Level (City) SWM Ordinance

City Ordinance being implemented

Solid Waste Management for finalization awaiting of WACS result Water Code Drilling well w/o Community All 55 brgys IEC None none permission of the residents Mapping council Construction of water systems through LGU and Local Water districts Illegal squatting Community Mahaba To be determined Resettlement in along riparian residents along Tinago Tuburan (100 units of zones river banks Barayong housing constructed) Created an Anti- squatting Ordinance

PNP provided security during enforcement

Mapping of informal settlers

On-going updating of CBMS (75%) RA 7160 Illegal Community Batang Decreasing Quarry Task Force Regular None Quarrying/small residents for Nabonton composed of LGU apprehension: scale mining livelihood Pinit staff Numerous Barayong Admin fee, fines and penalties; Once paid, the conveyance will

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Who are the What are we doing about these at present? What is our track violators? record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? Other Remarks Major threats What are the Successful prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law Where are the on violations that remain Laws Major Violations genders of these enforcement continuum? violations located? (magnitude, unaddressed/ violators? timing, trend, etc. weakly addressed Behind these Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? be released

Annex Table 6-B. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Ligao City Portion of QAW Local Policy Support Resources/ Staff/ Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Logistics available for the Body/ Skills of enumerated (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB enumerated Law Enforcement Org. (enumerate below) (1) Staff/Body (2) collaboration) (4) identify Resolutions) (1) staff/body (3) Activity Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Specific Gap/s Current/ Rating Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/s

A. In terms of the major violations Solid Waste City SWM There is no Low SWMB/ and High Lack SWM Low Funding for Low No MOA yet Management Environmen segregation at BSWMC plan write installation of with tal Code source conduct All barangays shop for brgy facilities junkshop regular/ were trained committees operators and Low quarterly on SWM; Not all barangays other There are IECs meeting but have MRF partners being conducted there remains Writeshop/trai facilities but low cultural and ning on 10- compliance behavioral year Fund for SLF among residents constraints management establishment plan was The SWMP has given at City just started level; Only Orienta-tion No citation on SWM was tickets yet given at Bogy level

B. In terms of Law Enforcement Continuum  Crime Prevention Municipal/ Lack of clear Very High Mainte-nance BDs have Advance LGU has 4 patrol No GPS Presence of No Green City guidelines for of augmenta- Basic Law Paralegal boats; 1 camera, 4 FARMC (City Court for  Fisheries Code Fisheries commercial Phil Army tion enforcement training for cellphone, no GPS and Brgy) Environment Ordi-nance fishers Personnel Training BD al cases augmentation for Bantay dagat with Partnership Unified Adoption of Task force High Documentatio cellphone among DA,

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Local Policy Support Resources/ Staff/ Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Logistics available for the Body/ Skills of enumerated (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB enumerated Law Enforcement Org. (enumerate below) (1) Staff/Body (2) collaboration) (4) identify Resolutions) (1) staff/body (3) Activity Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Specific Gap/s Current/ Rating Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/s Ordi-nance Unified Security n of activities PNP, BFAR, For Burias ordinance nu LGU provides for DENR, Phil Pass- LGUs gasoline, logistics Army, 3rd for patrolling Congressional P-Noy Enforcement of District, issued IUU Social Action guidelines Center (SAC), in IUU Bicol (2014) Consortium for Dev High Initiatives (BCDI), LGU

High  Other laws Implementa Adoption/imple There is 1 Police Some laws Medium Needs LGU provided Lack of Brgy Officials Unclear (Forestry, etc.) tion of mentation of per Brgy Police needs additional PNP has 18 two- communication and concerned roles, national law local ordinances in Brgy) deputation training on way radios; equipment citizens responsibiliti order other es and Environmen Brgy tends, and environmental Text brigades 300 pesos load accountabiliti tal Code Captains laws, para- given to es of drafted for coordinate with legal training PNP has 2 patrol positive concerned review and PNP particularly cars, 2 motorcycles information Agencies approval by their PSB Due to change issued by from from turn- SP in LGU;PNP has 3 concerned over of administration citizens evidences, High , newly LGU provides 6 filing of elected/appoin sacks of rice to cases, etc. ted officers PNP every month; Partnership need to be gasoline allocation with trained on 40L/day Philippine ELE Army Change oil of Deputized vehicles every 3 High officers were months transferred to High new assignments

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Local Policy Support Resources/ Staff/ Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Logistics available for the Body/ Skills of enumerated (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB enumerated Law Enforcement Org. (enumerate below) (1) Staff/Body (2) collaboration) (4) identify Resolutions) (1) staff/body (3) Activity Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Specific Gap/s Current/ Rating Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/s  Search/Sur- High veillance  Arrest DENR-CENRO LGUs LGU needs Same as above assists in capacity on training on the identification of arrest, search conduct of seized logs/lum- and seizure- arrest and bers Low seizure to confiscation  Seizure and Medium LGUs needs Confiscation Appropriate training on ELE

Annex Table 6-C. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Polangui Portion of QAW Who are the Major threats Major Other violators? Why are that remain violations, Remarks on What are the Where are the violations What are we doing about these violations at present? unaddressed/ with emphasis violations Laws genders of these violations committed? weakly on the two (magnitude, violators? committed? Continue to be addressed PAs, riparian timing, trend, Behind these committed? zones etc.) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Forestry Code Illegal Cutting Contractors, Balinad & Use, sale Under control PNP Several apprehensions Turn-over to Residents Cotmon Checkpoint, CENRO Charcoal Patrol, making IEC at Balinad & barangays, Illegal Cotmon Possession of Reporting by timber Brgys A & D Balaba, Cepres, Pintor, Gamot, Lanigay, Santicon

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Who are the Major threats Major Other violators? Why are that remain violations, Remarks on What are the Where are the violations What are we doing about these violations at present? unaddressed/ with emphasis violations Laws genders of these violations committed? weakly on the two (magnitude, violators? committed? Continue to be addressed PAs, riparian timing, trend, Behind these committed? zones etc.) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Forest Reserve (under Napocor) – Danao NIPAS Act Illegal Community Balinad, Kaingin, Limited extent squatting / members, Poachers Cotmon, poaching occupation DPWH as part of Danao No Damaging road opening per (Napocor) maintenance; roads & trails request of bgys Balinad, No funding for Cotmon, concreting Danao (Napocor) A & D Cepres, La Medalla, San Roque Wildlife Act Killing & Residents; Balinad, Cotmon Consump-tion, Destroying Residents of Libon Sale Apprehension by wildlife species A & D DENR sometimes Agos

Illegal transport Residents A &D of wildlife Ubaliw Sale (Tuko))

Water Code Drilling well Brgy officials for All upland Water supply without permit water supply barangays from Council projects

Fisheries Code Electro-fishing Residents A & D Consumption IEC by Brgy Apprehension by Agos Brgy

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Who are the Major threats Major Other violators? Why are that remain violations, Remarks on What are the Where are the violations What are we doing about these violations at present? unaddressed/ with emphasis violations Laws genders of these violations committed? weakly on the two (magnitude, violators? committed? Continue to be addressed PAs, riparian timing, trend, Behind these committed? zones etc.) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Chainsaw Act Use without Traders of coco Maysua Trading of coco Under control PNP Patrol, Several apprehensions Turn-over to permit lumber lumber IEC at CENRO Or A & D barangays Possession Anopol, Amoguis, Maynaga, Cepres, Balaba, Santa Cruz, Pintor, Lanigay, La Purisima, Lourdes

Solid waste Operation of LGU A & D No other For closure and LGU manage-ment open dump Pintor disposal site transfer to reminding Open dumping another site for Brgys to A & D sanitary landfill apprehend Open burning Sugcad Cepres, (Along Pintor provincial highway – rice bran (ipa) Mining or Illegal sand Entrepreneurial A & D Business LGU Quarrying quarrying residents Kinali, prohibited Alomon

Aral-al stones Balinad

A &D Balaba,

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Annex Table 6-D. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Polangui Portion of QAW Resources/ Local Policy Institutional Support Training/ Institutional arrangements Staff/Body/Org. (enumerate below) Logistics available for the (enumerate existing ordinances, Skills of enumerated Staff/Body (network, partnership/ Law Enforcement (2) enumerated PAMB Resolutions) (1) (3) collaboration) (5) Activity staff/body (4) Current/ Rating/ Current/ Current/ Specific Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Specific Gap/s Rating Rating Gap/s A. In terms of the major violations Illegal cutting mainly None from Absence of None Absence None Absence None Absence None Absence for firewood PAMB or LGU; policies and institutional Very low support, e.g. Livelihood Zoning ordinance None Squatting / Illegal Low Need additional Low Training on Very low Lack of budget With HLURB; structures along riparian High personnel zoning enforce- With DPWH Jurisdictional areas ment Low issue B. In terms of law enforcement activity Crime Prevention LGU: No IRR yet LGU: Not yet created; LGU LGU LGU Environment Environment Issue in terms of None None None Code recently Code provides budget because passed; for creation of beyond PS MENRO PNP PNP PNP PNP PNP CLUP being PNP PCR Trained - Need additional Low Need resources None updated PNP Lack of Medium training on /equipment e.g. Medium – Police personnel environmental Long firearms Commu-nity laws Relation (PCR) Search/ Surveillance LGU Zoning Lack of Low Low None Need closer Office; personnel coordination Conducted with NGAs investigation & forwarded report & PNP PNP PNP PNP PNP PNP PNP recommendation Lack of Medium Needs Low Lack of budget Brgy Need additional to HLURB personnel additional Intelligence training for BIN PNP training Network Medium (BIN) - Medium Arrest LGU LGU PNP PNP PNP PNP None None Lack of High Low Lack of personnel equipmente.g. PNP Long firearms, Medium radio, vehicle

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Resources/ Local Policy Institutional Support Training/ Institutional arrangements Staff/Body/Org. (enumerate below) Logistics available for the (enumerate existing ordinances, Skills of enumerated Staff/Body (network, partnership/ Law Enforcement (2) enumerated PAMB Resolutions) (1) (3) collaboration) (5) Activity staff/body (4) Current/ Rating/ Current/ Current/ Specific Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Specific Gap/s Rating Rating Gap/s

Seizure and PNP Confiscation Same as arrest Prosecution

Annex Table 6-E. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Oas Portion of QAW Who are the Major What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, violators? Other Remarks Violations and Where are the DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc.? What is our track record (e.g. no. of Major threats that What is the gender of on violations Laws Why do they violations apprehensions, no. of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) remain unaddressed/ these violators? (magnitude, Occur (triggers located? Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement continuum? weakly addressed Behind these timing, trend, etc. and drivers) violators? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution NIPAS Act Mining or Brgy. Balogo (2 Continuous monitoring, Turned over case Violators use blasting treasure hunting sites) mining sites closed to PENRO who inside the PA said they will pursue the case Forestry Code Illegal logging Residents Brgy. San Ramon PNP conducts Chanced upon None and Culiat intelligence gathering abandoned good and patrolling, there are lumbers and checkpoints along exit turned over to points DENR (3 times in (Brgy Culiat and San Ramon) Charcoal-Making Residents All 34 upland Uses habal-habal LGU conducts IEC, Same as above Same as above Upland barangays are and illegal barangays, and (2-5 sacks) as alibi does updating of inaccessible, this is not logging for coastal barangays that charcoal is not CBMS, same as above monitored, before the PNP livelihood and (charcoal making for commercial for PNP can enter the area, they home using mangrove use have to coordinate with the consumption trees) and Brgy. Philippine Army based in Balogo (lowland) Brgy. Tula-Tula (risk of mis-encounter), did mangrove reforestation RA 9003 Waste All 16 urban Absence of None none None segregation barangays do not BSWMC, no practice municipal or segregation, barangay sorting of waste ordinance, has a

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Who are the Major What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, violators? Other Remarks Violations and Where are the DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc.? What is our track record (e.g. no. of Major threats that What is the gender of on violations Laws Why do they violations apprehensions, no. of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) remain unaddressed/ these violators? (magnitude, Occur (triggers located? Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement continuum? weakly addressed Behind these timing, trend, etc. and drivers) violators? Prevention Apprehension Prosecution before collection draft ISWM plan

Open dumpsite Brgy. Bagsa LGU allocates yearly budget for filling and soil covering Caves Act (small Not applicable caves in San Ramon, Linao, Magalyang)

Wildlife Not known, no Not known/monitored, Conservation/Pro reported cases wildlife law enforcement is tection not given emphasis in Quinali

Fisheries Code Illegal There are reportedly 9 Brgy. Maramba, Oas PNP conducts Oas Mayor said support commercial pangulong (superlight Nagas, Tapil, seaborne patrol but will be provided (fishers fishing (intrusion from Camarines Sur, Tagmanaba, and problem in terms of examiner, GPS, Bantay in municipal Masbate and Lucena Balian logistical (banca) and Dagat support needed) waters) City) financial capability (PNP Oas has no patrol Hulbot from within the boat- depends on BFAR municipality (9) and PNP Legazpi) Dynamite fishing Cagmanaba Limited patrolling Case not yet filed (lacks affidavit)

Fine mesh net Local fishers All coastal Patrolling but the sites Rampant, needs to deploy and active gear barangays are very far, PNP PNP personnel in coastal for bolinao fish hampered by logistical area (Sinsoro) and financial constraint

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Annex Table 6-F. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Oas Portion of QAW Major Violations Local Policy and Institutional Staff/Body/Org (enumerate Training/ Resources/ Institutional arrangements Support (enumerate existing below) (1) Skills of enumerated Staff/Body (2) Logistics available for the (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB Resolutions) enumerated collaboration) (4) identify (1) staff/body (3) Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Rating Specific Rating Rating Gap/s Rating Rating Gap/s A. In terms of the major violations identified in previous WS (Threat 1, T2, etc.) Mining/ treasure Very low No existing Medium PNP together Low PNP has no Low Lacks radio Medium (PNP Coordination Hunting (inside municipal with DENR- technical knowledge communication, has close needs Masaraga) ordinances, PENRO on mining/mining needs big coordination strengthening address this laws/ regulations motorcycle to with barangay go up Mt. officials, PTQ), Masaraga Masaraga has PAMB and PASU Illegal logging Low LGU has 1992 Low, not PNP mainly Very Low PNP and LGU have Medium Surveillance Medium Sustainability (even on Mt. ordinance which enough conducts ELE no proper training on (PNP has equip-ment, (Masaraga has a of task force Masaraga) needs to be personnel/ staff and forestry law check-points) mobility PAMB and because of updated and both in terms checkpoint; enforcement, we PASU) financial implemented of DENR and DENR has no need to be updated constraints LGU forest ranger/ forester assigned Charcoal-making Low No specific LGU Low No assigned Very Low Both LGU and PNP Very Low Lacks mobility Very Low Very far using mangrove in ordinance on staff/personne have no training on and distance coastal and in the charcoal-making l to look into how to handle this communication which makes uplands but LGU has this on the (due to the very it difficult to alternative part of LGU far distance address this livelihood between OAS problem program (loan proper and without interest coastal for fishers), barangays although budget patrolling not for this not regularly done), enough for all PNP has to barangays have presence in the coastal barangays

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Major Violations Local Policy and Institutional Staff/Body/Org (enumerate Training/ Resources/ Institutional arrangements Support (enumerate existing below) (1) Skills of enumerated Staff/Body (2) Logistics available for the (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB Resolutions) enumerated collaboration) (4) identify (1) staff/body (3) Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Rating Specific Rating Rating Gap/s Rating Rating Gap/s Commercial Medium Low LGU has Low in terms PNP and LGU have Very Low in PNP/other Very Low (no LGU has fishing vessel (LGU has a deputized of PNP and no training on terms of PNP enforcers have formal weak encroachment municipal Bantay Dagat LGU fishery law no patrol boat, coordination, coordination within municipal fishery code (30 total in 5 enforcement GPs, collaboration e.g. with the PNP, waters and support coastal (already requested communication between PNP, BFAR, ordinance) barangays, six BFAR on this) equip-ment, not MAO, BFAR, DENR per barangay ) enough budget Fish Examiner) but these are for fuel) already old; has a designated MENRO, MAO’s work concentrated on fishery production, PNP is undermanned (based on 1:1000 police: population ratio lacks 22 personnel, ELE is just among their enforcement functions) Dynamite fishing Same as above Use of fine mesh Same as net and active gear above (Sinsoro) B. In terms of Law Enforcement Continuum

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Major Violations Local Policy and Institutional Staff/Body/Org (enumerate Training/ Resources/ Institutional arrangements Support (enumerate existing below) (1) Skills of enumerated Staff/Body (2) Logistics available for the (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB Resolutions) enumerated collaboration) (4) identify (1) staff/body (3) Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Rating Specific Rating Rating Gap/s Rating Rating Gap/s  Prevention Very low Alternative Very Low Very Low Very Low Very Low livelihood for fishers limited, no alternative livelihood for charcoal makers, although there is limited IEC in both the uplands and coastal; patrolling being done but limited  Apprehension Medium in Very low DENR has no Very Low No PNP trained on Very Low PNP lacks No (search/ terms of forest ranger, ELE-related logistics (e.g. coordination surveillance, apprehension PNP is apprehension banca, GPS, big with AFP of forestry undermanned, motorcycle for within far- arrest, seize/ law LGU has no Mt. Masaraga) flung upland confiscate) violations; Bantay Gubat, barangays Apprehension (insurgency also being problem) conducted for fishery laws (by Bantay Dagat)  Prosecution There is special Low PNP and LGU need prosecutor proper ELE training (e.g. preparation of judicial affidavit,

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Annex Table 6-G. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Libon Portion of QAW Laws Major Who are the Where are the Other Remarks What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, DENR, Major threats that Violations and violators? violations on violations PAMB, PNP, etc.? What is our track record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, remain unaddressed/ Why do they What are the genders located? (magnitude, no. of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) Where are we weak in weakly addressed Occur (triggers of these violators? timing, trend, etc. terms of law enforcement continuum? and drivers) Behind these Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Forestry Code Cutting and Community members Brgy. Mulos-bulos 1-2 trees, rampant PNP conducts PNP conducts regular PNP apprehended and This is being addressed gathering timber (based on during fiesta information patrolling filed a case against a w/o a permit (for apprehension data season ; cuts dissemination on PD violator in Brgy. house of PNP), and within their own 705, visitation in one PNP apprehends, and Buga with help of construction and Burabod private land but barangay every week keeps apprehension DENR Guinobatan, repair (or for without permit data the source was Brgy. emergency from DENR LGU conducts IEC in Mulos-bulos, PNP money e.g. (thinks approval barangays There is community conducts direct filing illness of family from the barangay police assistance of complaint member) captain is enough) center (police station) in coastal (Pantao) and middle part of Libon (Bonbon)

Barangay Peace Keeping Action Team (BPAT) composed of barangay officials, tanod and other multisector (NGOs, drivers, etc.) usually with at least 8 volunteer members (training provided) in the barangay in every barangay helps the police helps in information/ intelligence gathering and assists in the apprehension (force multiplier) Firewood In several upland Brgy. Kaguskos, Same as above Same as above Same as above Same as above gathering (for barangays Brgy. Buga livelihood and household use) Charcoal-making Brgy. Buga Bumababa Same as above Same as above Same as above (for livelihood because of and household sustained

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Laws Major Who are the Where are the Other Remarks What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, DENR, Major threats that Violations and violators? violations on violations PAMB, PNP, etc.? What is our track record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, remain unaddressed/ Why do they What are the genders located? (magnitude, no. of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) Where are we weak in weakly addressed Occur (triggers of these violators? timing, trend, etc. terms of law enforcement continuum? and drivers) Behind these Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? use) information drive

RA 9003 Waste Biodegradable wastes management not being turned into an issue in the organic fertilizer and municipality (but sold to farmers, has not converted livelihood project based the closed dump on plastic (ingredient of into appropriate brick, pillow) disposal facility- Category 1 SLF) PNP post paper stickers in jeeps and tricycle to disseminate info on anti-littering

Caves Act (small There has been no caves in San reported violations Ramon, Linao, Magalyang)

Wildlife Collection of Local farmers of Brgy, San Agustin Happens after PNP and LGU conduct Apprehension is not This is largely unaddressed Conservation snipes and Libon (8-12 persons (passage from palay harvest IEC being done because of /Protection dariwariw in per operation, with Libon proper to season for lack of coordination ricefields nets) collects in Libon Brgy. Matacon of additional income, with the proper (tambo) sold Pulangui) and this is rampant agency (i.e. DENR) along the Brgy. Marayag during this season highway in (exit of Libon (2 months) Pulangui (food, going to Polangui aphrodisiac) Proper) bought by passing car owners Fisheries Fishing inside Decreasing trend LGU used to have PNP and barangay the sanctuary and Illegal fishers from Brgy. Rawis (this because of Bantay Dagat with council confiscated 3 using compressor Camarines Sur area is rich in fish) patrolling, but incentives but these bancas with when there is ceased to be functional compressor opportunity violators do come in Illegal One local fisher Brgy. Talin-Talin Referred the case to Happened in 2005 but

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Laws Major Who are the Where are the Other Remarks What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, DENR, Major threats that Violations and violators? violations on violations PAMB, PNP, etc.? What is our track record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, remain unaddressed/ Why do they What are the genders located? (magnitude, no. of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) Where are we weak in weakly addressed Occur (triggers of these violators? timing, trend, etc. terms of law enforcement continuum? and drivers) Behind these Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? conversion of (claims there is title) the DENR fishpond continues to mangrove to operate fishpond Illegal 1 vessel with 3 No apprehension commercial superlight capability (BFAR’s fishing inside boat is broken) municipal waters Use of fine mesh Local fishers Pantao, Tambo, Opportunistic net and active Macabugos Three apprehensions BFAR gave the Boats hired by PNP are old gear (sinsoro) in January 2014 by certification only in and cannot go to high seas PNP, confiscated net 2014, case will soon (they encounter difficulty and bancas be filed in getting good boat to hire), they need help from BFAR and DENR (in the case of wildlife violations) Electrofishing Fishers from OAS San Agustin (in Case already been Lake Bato) filed

106 | BASELINE ASSESSMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT

Annex Table 6-H. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capability in Libon Portion of QAW Local Policy Support Resources/ Staff/ Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Logistics available for the Body/ Skills of enumerated (network, partnership/ Law Enforcement ordinances, PAMB enumerated Org. (enumerate below) (1) Staff/Body (2) collaboration) (4) identify Activity Resolutions) (1) staff/body (3) Current/ Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/s Rating A. In terms of the major violations identified Forestry No specific Low No deputized Medium Lack of Medium Insufficient Low Lack of inter- code (Illegal Mun. Bantay Gubat technical funds for agency cutting, Ordinance training for continuous communication charcoal regulating said enforcers enforce-ment (PNP assumes making, concerned operation most of the firewood) Lack of funds responsibilities LOW No designated ) PNP staff and deputized LGU has no Mun. Staff designated personnel No alternative (WEO) livelihood project

No specific Mun. Ordinance Wildlife- regulating said Lack of inter- Very Low concerned Low Deputized Low No training Low No funds Low agency Bantay dagat on such allocated communication No designated are inactive concerned PNP staff and (now deputized violators, Mun. Staff being cuddled No immediate by response No designated politicians)- PNP in fishery lack of laws honorarium made them inactive

Fishery - Low Insufficient Low No training Low Insufficient Low Medium PNP on such funds to personnel to concerned address the cover the area problem concerned b. in terms of Law Enforcement Continuum

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Local Policy Support Resources/ Staff/ Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Logistics available for the Body/ Skills of enumerated (network, partnership/ Law Enforcement ordinances, PAMB enumerated Org. (enumerate below) (1) Staff/Body (2) collaboration) (4) identify Activity Resolutions) (1) staff/body (3) Current/ Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/s Rating Forestry Lack of joint Low Insufficient Medium Lack of Low Insufficient Medium Lack of code (Illegal coordination personnel investigator funds to coordination of cutting, by the Brgys /mobility to to handle the address the other law charcoal concerned cover the case problem enforcement making, entire scope agency firewood) Low No funds Lack of Wildlife- No deputized Low Lack Very Low No Very low No IEC Low coordination of Very Low LGU staff personnel designated other law (WEO) with LGU staff enforcement appropriated (WEO) agency training

Fishery - No IRR on the Low Lack Low Lack of Medium fishery Mun. personnel Lack of Very low Lack of Low coordination of Ord. with personnel funds other law appropriated enforce-ment training agency  Prevention Forestry Uncooperative Low Lack of PNP Low Lack of Low Lack of Medium Accessibility of code Low brgy officials personnel personnel logistical each agency (Illegal in terms trained funds to concerned cutting, particular of (training very address all charcoal filing of cases short) concerned making, (50% of firewood) budget goes Uncooperative to fuel) brgy officials Lack of PNP Lack of Accessibility of Fishery – Low personnel Low Lack of Low logistical Medium each agency Medium personnel funds to concerned trained address all No existing concerned Lack of ordinances as Lack of PNP coordination of basis Personnel No Lack of other law Wildlife- Low Low appropriate Low logistical Low enforce-ment Low related funds to agency seminars address all concerned

108 | BASELINE ASSESSMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT

Local Policy Support Resources/ Staff/ Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Logistics available for the Body/ Skills of enumerated (network, partnership/ Law Enforcement ordinances, PAMB enumerated Org. (enumerate below) (1) Staff/Body (2) collaboration) (4) identify Activity Resolutions) (1) staff/body (3) Current/ Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/s Rating  Apprehension Forestry – Lack of legal Low Lack of PNP Low Lack of Low Lack of Low Uncooperative (search/ low support to PNP Personnel investigation technical other LEA surveillance, Personnel equip-ment

arrest, seize/ Lack of legal confiscate) support to PNP No PNP Lack of No Untimely Fishery- Low Personnel Low deputized Low training on Low equipment in Low response of FEL patrolling other agency Lack of legal support to PNP Personnel Lack of Lack of Wildlife Low No PNP Lack of funds coordination of Low deputized Low training of Low Low other law Wildlife enforce-ment related laws agency  Prosecution Forestry – Gaps: (administrative Medium  Courts could have different interpretation of elements of the crime which could lead to dismissal of the crime and criminal) Ongoing initiatives Fishery- Low  Liasoning with the provincial prosecutor

 Coordination with other DENR personnel to assist in PNP job Wildlife Low

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Annex Table 6-I. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in Guinobatan & Camalig Portion of QAW Who are the What are we doing about these at present and by whom Major violators? Other Remarks (LGU, DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc.? What is our track record Violations and What are the Where are the on violations (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? successful Major threats that Why do they Laws genders of these violations (magnitude, prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law remain unaddressed/ Occur violators? located? timing, trend, enforcement continuum? weakly addressed (triggers and Behind these etc. drivers) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Chainsaw Using chainsaw Chainsaw operators Bgys. Mauraro, Increasing rate, DENR - IEC in DENR File case to RTC Political intervention (ally Act without permit - male (furniture Inascan daytime barangays Foresters/Forest Ligao of politicians may go makers and coco (Guinobatan) Rangers do the unpunished) lumber owners) Bgys. Tagaytay, apprehension Gapo (Camalig) Forestry Cutting, Community, Sitio Ragacay, Declining PNP - conduct Proper and legal referral to Political intervention (ally Code collecting, Business operators Bgy. Mapaco, (Guinobatan) checkpoints, IEC, documentation concerned of politicians may go gathering – male Guinobatan patrolling, tree by PNP agency such as unpunished) timber and (QAW) planting DENR, PCA and timber products led by PSI Pedro BPATS - continuous prosecutor (A and D or with Mr. monitoring and private lands) Paverico of information gathering without permit Municipal Emergency Response and Intervention Team (MERIT) Bgy. Bubulusan, Guinobatan (QAW) led by PO3 Culaway and Mr. Paverico Bgy. Quibong- bongan, Guinobatan (QAW) led by PSI Pedro and PCA representative 52 coconut trunks Bgy. Caguiba, Maintained Camalig (Camalig) Assorted sizes of wood lumbers Bgy. Taladong, Camalig

110 | BASELINE ASSESSMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT

Who are the What are we doing about these at present and by whom Major violators? Other Remarks (LGU, DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc.? What is our track record Violations and What are the Where are the on violations (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of prosecution? successful Major threats that Why do they Laws genders of these violations (magnitude, prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of law remain unaddressed/ Occur violators? located? timing, trend, enforcement continuum? weakly addressed (triggers and Behind these etc. drivers) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Abandoned Tree Bgy. Cotmon, Camalig Assorted good timber and coco lumbers Bgy. Panoypoy, Camalig Assorted good timber and coco lumbers

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Annex Table 6-J. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in Guinobatan & Camalig Portion of QAW

Local Policy Support Resources/ Staff/ Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Logistics available for the Body/ Skills of enumerated (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB enumerated Law Enforcement Org. (enumerate below) (1) Staff/Body (2) collaboration) (4) identify Resolutions) (1) staff/body (3) Activity

Current/ Current/ Current/ Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating Rating Rating Gap/s Rating A. In terms of major violations

Using chainsaw very low no municipal Low DENR - High No gap Low DENR / low DENR - no duty without permit ordinance and insufficient (DENR) DENR personnel PNP - lack on weekends, PAMB manpower are well trained of mobility, holidays and resolutions especially and oriented on communicat night time, and DENR - during chainsaw act ion lack of insufficient weekends, equipment, manpower implementing holidays, and allowances, rules and night time finances regulations of chainsaw act particularly on sale, dealership, registration, and local manufacturing Illegal logging High Ordinance No. very low DENR - low PNP - low DENR / Low DENR - no duty (LGU) 02-2004 insufficient inadequate PNP - lack on weekends, Regulating the manpower trainings of PNP of mobility, holidays and cutting of non- PNP - personnel re: communicat night time, and timber forest insufficient species ion lack of products manpower identification equipment, manpower particularly allowances, anahaw finances palms/poles and young anahaw leaves in the municipality of Guinobatan B. In terms of Law Enforcement Continuum Prevention No LGU Medium DENR - High (PNP No gap Low DENR - High DENR - no duty representative insufficient IEC, / DENR) DENR and PNP assigned (PNP) on week- ends, monitoring/surv personnel are area is not Low holidays and eillance due to well trained closely (DENR) night time, and physical monitored lack of

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Local Policy Support Resources/ Staff/ Training/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Logistics available for the Body/ Skills of enumerated (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB enumerated Law Enforcement Org. (enumerate below) (1) Staff/Body (2) collaboration) (4) identify Resolutions) (1) staff/body (3) Activity

Current/ Current/ Current/ Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating Rating Rating Gap/s Rating conditions of by the FR manpower the existing due to FRs (no physical replacement of conditions personnel affected by RAT Plan) PNP - incentives received by the BPATS comes from the LGU funds Apprehension no LGU very low PNP - "call a High (PNP No gap Low DENR / High DENR - no duty (search/ surveillance, representative friend" / political / DENR) DENR and PNP PNP - lack (PNP) on weekends, arrest, intervention personnel are of mobility, Low holidays and seize/confiscate) DENR - well trained and communicat (DENR) night time, and assigned area oriented on ion lack of is not closely apprehension equipment, manpower monitored by process allowances, the Forest finances Rangers (FR) due to physical/financi al conditions (no replacement of personnel affected by RAT plan) Prosecution no LGU Medium PNP / DENR - High (PNP No gap Low DENR / High (PNP (administrative and representative uncooperation / DENR) DENR and PNP PNP - lack / DENR) criminal) of witness to personnel are of mobility, testify well trained and communicat oriented on ion prosecution equipment, process allowances, finances

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Annex Figure 5. Quinali Violation Hotspots Map June 23-25, 2014

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ANNEX 7. NEGROS NATURAL PARK (NNNP) ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT WORKSHOP OUTPUTS, OCTOBER 28-29, 2014

Annex Table 7-A. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in NNNP Laws Major violations, with Who are & what is Where are the Why are Other What are we doing about these violations at present? Major threats emphasis on the two the gender of these violations violations Remarks on that remain PAs, riparian zones violators? Who committed? committed? violations unaddressed/ are behind these Continue to be (magnitude, weakly violators? committed? timing, trend, addressed etc.) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Calatrava, Negros Occidental Forestry Charcoal making residents, illegal Bagonbon for commercial Decreasing, all DENR close Code occupants or people Marcelo and home-use year round coordination with with farm lots LGU on enforcement; IEC NIPAS Act Illegal Untenured migrants Bagonbon Residential, Based on Conducts IEC and squatting/occupancy from Negros business or SRPAO the pulong-pulong Residential, farming, farming trend is Business increasing, all year round Wildlife Hunting and killing of community Lalong Collection for pets Decreasing wildlife (bird, monkey) residents; and commercial promodizers of purposes delivery ban Illegal structure Lalong Salvador Benedicto Wildlife Wildlife hunting and Community Pandanon, Pets, livelihood All-year round, IEC Few Confiscations trading (bird-marinez; residents Igmayaan, and food peak especially monkeys, bayawak, Kumaliskis, consumption during market deer, usa) Bunga, bagong week Silang Collection of driftwood shop owners within Bunga Bunga All-year round Warning, PAMB Confiscation of for furniture Negros issuing CDO abandoned logs less than 300bf Cave Act Treasure hunting community Pandanon, For livelihood, during summer Reporting of There are few Strict (Helmet, bioneta, antik, residents at the Kunaliskis, business incidence to Task apprehension enforcement and plates, war remnants) upper part; sold to Bunga force Laas; implementation business shops; coordination with of law financers with DENR connection to antique shops Collection of stalactites, community Pinowayan, For livelihood, during summer IEC, regulation of stalagmites residents Bago business (April); Holy trekking. Recreational week activities

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Laws Major violations, with Who are & what is Where are the Why are Other What are we doing about these violations at present? Major threats emphasis on the two the gender of these violations violations Remarks on that remain PAs, riparian zones violators? Who committed? committed? violations unaddressed/ are behind these Continue to be (magnitude, weakly violators? committed? timing, trend, addressed etc.) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Illegal cutting of timber community All 7 Barangays For livelihood, all-year round, Strict enforcement of 3-5 apprehensions for charcoal making and residents business decreasing due laws this year, kaingin to enforce-ment confiscation (about 100 sacks) NIPAS Illegal community Kumaliskis, Residency, all-year round, Development of eco- Increasing illegal occupancy/squatting residents Pandanon, farming, resorts increasing tourism sites, occupancy Bunga, updating of SRPAO; Igmayaan, inventory of resorts; Bagong Silang reporting of cases to DENR

Quarrying/collection of residents Kudawan river, Business, sold to all year round Coordination to brgy stone/sand brgy Bunga hardware; for captains, highway Implementation of construction brgy ordinance regulating quarry operations Cadiz City NIPAS Illegal community Vi Gustelo, Business, residents all-year round Updating of squatting/occupancy residents Mabini, SRAPAO, IEC, Caduhaan, Pulong-pulong, on- Andres going Bonifacio, inventory/survey of Magsaysay occupants Timber poaching Community Paduhaan Business, residents; financers livelihood within and outside NNNP Charcoal making community Mabini business, summer, night- Strict law residents Livelihood, time enforcement, IEC consumption San Carlos City

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Laws Major violations, with Who are & what is Where are the Why are Other What are we doing about these violations at present? Major threats emphasis on the two the gender of these violations violations Remarks on that remain PAs, riparian zones violators? Who committed? committed? violations unaddressed/ are behind these Continue to be (magnitude, weakly violators? committed? timing, trend, addressed etc.) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Forestry Charcoal-making Majority males; Bagonbon, Presence of illegal Decreasing, Existing protocol on Joint apprehension DENR Buying of Official Prosperidad, traders create sure (2005, SCC has charcoal initiated by with PNP personnel to charcoals from Nataban, market for small been identified CENRO Cadiz; personnel and prepare admin small producers Quezon, charcoal-makers; as the largest Requiring business other police proceedings for (illegal traders); Buluangan, don’t have eough source of permits for buyers operatives; filing the cases; other sources of Rizal resources to charcoal in the and sellers; At apprehension released violations outside acquire permit; 1st district of barangay level for report prepares and resolutions SCC and NNNP absence of Negros Occ.) small producers are turned-over protocol on required to have enforcement coupon that serve as passes Small scale quarrying Nataban Illegal extraction Stopped Proper IEC from Has been already (limestone) of limestone CEMO stopped materials for selling NIPAS Illegal squatting Households Rizal- Need to access on Increasing (now IEC, process has been Availability of /occupation (Male/Female) Prosperidad basic services on 39 started for relocation relocation sites; High Way (transportation, households) and prevention of proximity to (roadside) water, etc.) further installation of livelihood illegal establishment sources Chainsaw Use of unregistered Males Quezon, As livelihood Small scale Regular patrolling of seize operation and None chainsaw Nataban source (only one BBBs, inspection, secure chainsaw documented and reports relayed by registration from since 2013) Barangay officials are the violator immediately responded Solid Waste Littering, throwing, Both Sexes Propsperidad, For convenience Decreasing IEC (5E's of SWM): Apprehension of Managemen dumping of wastes Nataban, Rizal, purposes due to its (already Education, violators using t matters in public places Palampas proximity to the regulated) enforcement, equity, local ordinance on City proper; engineering SWM; fines absence of MRF (citation tickets) Talisay City Forestry Illegal charcoal-making Mostly males San Fernando, Poverty, source of once a week 1997 start of BBB After Law not totally (small scales) Cabatngan, livelihood during operation (20- volunteers up to 2012 administrative implemented Katilingban off milling season 30 (10/barangay); 2013 hearing violators (violators not of sugar cane sacks/violator); increase to were released and jailed) decreasing 15/barangay forest products remained confiscated

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Laws Major violations, with Who are & what is Where are the Why are Other What are we doing about these violations at present? Major threats emphasis on the two the gender of these violations violations Remarks on that remain PAs, riparian zones violators? Who committed? committed? violations unaddressed/ are behind these Continue to be (magnitude, weakly violators? committed? timing, trend, addressed etc.) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Illegal timber cutting in Bacolod San Fernando, Source of 1 jeepney load continuous IEC in BBB to supply Sharing of forest lands Lumberyards Katilingban livelihood of lumber; forestland areas and information information not behind (PNP regulated to barangay officials (informant) to the complete/accurat personnel as decreasing City environment e/ delayed financer and buyer) enforcement team reporting to do the apprehension Illegal timber cutting Bacolod Cabatangan Transporting from A&D and private Lumberyards without permit lands (more cases than behind (PNP in PA) personnel as Forestry financer and buyer) Kaingin-making Small farmers San Fernando, Developing into Stopped IEC (isolated case 7 years Katilingban other land use ago) (positive effect); San Fernando for charcoal and lumber extraction (livelihood) Chainsaw (Expired Some instances that San Fernando, Hired (occupation) no record so far 2 chainsaws registration, no outsiders are the Cabatngan, for the past 2 confiscated supporting papers) violators (hired) Katilingban years (cutting coconut) 2011 Collection, hunting, Males; Cabatangan San Fernando, Source of Regulated; Communities well- Foot patrol Fear is entering processing wildlife and (July-Aug 2014) Cabatngan, livelihood decreasing informed discovered 54 traps of big time other products monkey; Katilingban for wildlife near hunters Chainsaw Katilingban warty boundary of Act pig (2008) Cabatangan; violator detained though not caught Wildlife Act in the act Open burning of solid Both Sexes (sugar San Fernando, As part of their No expansion Presence of Big time farmer s wastes (sugar cane) cane workers) Cabatngan, work; traditional happening complainant in the are involved; Katilingban farming practice (maintained) urban areas security of BBBs; (increase fertility) some of them are also workers in the plantation Electro-fishing (5 years Male San Fernando Subsistence NO record so Equipment ago) far (isolated confiscated case)

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Laws Major violations, with Who are & what is Where are the Why are Other What are we doing about these violations at present? Major threats emphasis on the two the gender of these violations violations Remarks on that remain PAs, riparian zones violators? Who committed? committed? violations unaddressed/ are behind these Continue to be (magnitude, weakly violators? committed? timing, trend, addressed etc.) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Pag-iiwan ng kahit Part of the PA is San Fernando No collection of under Identification of Under Isolated case anong dumi sa used as dumping (part of sitio SW within investigation possible dumpers investigation (not Forestry pinangangalagaang ground tunangan, 5-6 barangay; Political involved caught in the act) pook (SWM) houses) problem (?); ease of dumping Mining and exploration Males; case outside San Fernando Search for Not decreasing; Gathering of Which agency (Treasure hunting) the PA Financer treasures threat to information from key responsible? (outsiders); armed increase informants (barangay civilans visiting the officials); once report area once a week has been released the team immediately visit the area Vandalism (Changing Sitio Lowe, Expansion of his 3 years ago of natural land Katilingban ISF area for (Isolated case) mark/monument) cultivation

Hunting Cabatangan

Illegal selling of Connected to case Cabatangan wildlife of cabatangan (allegedly sold metro zafari)

Silay City Forestry Illegal charcoal-making Mostly males Patag Livelihood source; Increasing (15 Offering alternative Charcoals are Easy money due demand for sacks above) livelihood (vegetable confiscated and to its high price charcoal farming) subjected to admin hearing of DENR (resolution) Forestry Illegal timber cutting in Patag (even Processing of Decreasing Requiring permits for Same case with Regular forest lands, A & D, inside SPZ) permits might take operations within charcoal monitoring and private lands (mostly in once a year so long A&D areas patrolling A&D) (small scale)

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Laws Major violations, with Who are & what is Where are the Why are Other What are we doing about these violations at present? Major threats emphasis on the two the gender of these violations violations Remarks on that remain PAs, riparian zones violators? Who committed? committed? violations unaddressed/ are behind these Continue to be (magnitude, weakly violators? committed? timing, trend, addressed etc.) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Forestry Kaingin-making (in ISF Both sexes Patag Livelihood source Decreasing and IEC (turning to areas conversion to agri regulated organic farming); like corn and support of DA vegetables) Chainsaw Chainsaw (Registered Patag right to trace if Act or not) chainsaws are registered or not (jurisdiction of DENR) Littering, throwing, Both sexes Tinagong daga, Irresponsible Regulated Volunteer groups Non- dumping of wastes Patag visitors of act doing the clean-up implementation matters in public places drive; IEC of the local ordinance on SWM Illegal Rich Patag Selling of rights Not within the squatting/occupation from ISF LGUs (no building permits; beneficiary jurisdiction; just 50+ within ISF sites) waiting for the PAMB resolution to be issued Wildlife Wildlife conservation Patag Subsistence, for Minimal Constant monitoring Act and protection act livelihood of the area (hunting of wild pigs) Treasure hunting Patag Patag as historical Large scale Cases filed (without permit) treasures operators; small (2011 and scales are only 2000); case in existence to resolved in the date Ombudsman (2000); DENR filed the case for 2011 Pag-iiwan ng kahit Patag regulated Putting up signages anong dumi sa (convergence pinangangalagaang point) pook (SWM) (human fecal)

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Laws Major violations, with Who are & what is Where are the Why are Other What are we doing about these violations at present? Major threats emphasis on the two the gender of these violations violations Remarks on that remain PAs, riparian zones violators? Who committed? committed? violations unaddressed/ are behind these Continue to be (magnitude, weakly violators? committed? timing, trend, addressed etc.) Prevention Apprehension Prosecution Illegal taking or Rich individuals Patag waiting for diversion of water in an PAMB open canal, aqueduct or regulations reservoir (rest houses for swimming pools)

Annex Table 7-B. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in NNNP Local Policy Support (enumerate Resources/Logistics available Staff/Body/Org. (enumerate Training/Skills of enumerated existing for the enumerated staff/body Institutional arrangements below) (2) Staff/Body (3) ordinances, (4) Major Violations PAMB Resolutions) (1) Current/ Current/ Current/Rat Current/ Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating ing Rating

Cadiz, City A. In terms of the major violations

Squatting Low No local Low City with Medium Training on Medium There are Medium Barangay ordinance in the relocation areas urban use identified prepares a PA but confined in relocation, on- resolution being Poblacion only going submitted to the establishment City

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Local Policy Support (enumerate Resources/Logistics available Staff/Body/Org. (enumerate Training/Skills of enumerated existing for the enumerated staff/body Institutional arrangements below) (2) Staff/Body (3) ordinances, (4) Major Violations PAMB Resolutions) (1) Current/ Current/ Current/Rat Current/ Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating ing Rating Wildlife collection Low City ENRO was Low with 2 forest low No training yet low Subsidy given low just created 3 ranger; 2 Public on wildlife by the Province years ago service enforcement was stopped Assistant; no due to lack of trained WEO fund

60 BBB brigade lack of logistics deputized by for allowance PEMO; 10 per and barangay honorarium; they are purely volunteer

Charcoal making Low With City medium BBB trained in No training yet low Subsidy given low Environmental para-legal on wildlife by the Province Code but focus enforcement was stopped on Solid waste due to lack of fund

lack of logistics for allowance and honorarium; they are purely volunteer

Illegal structure Medium City Ordinance Medium Municipal Engr Medium There is medium MOA with on illegal in NNNP; relocation area Foreign structure; weak Enforcement provided by the Funders, NGOs enforcement, not Unit; hired lipat City; about 800 who provided consistent bahay during HH aready assistance relocation relocated during Yolanda devastation The city planned to construct 15,000 units of

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Local Policy Support (enumerate Resources/Logistics available Staff/Body/Org. (enumerate Training/Skills of enumerated existing for the enumerated staff/body Institutional arrangements below) (2) Staff/Body (3) ordinances, (4) Major Violations PAMB Resolutions) (1) Current/ Current/ Current/Rat Current/ Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating ing Rating houses for residents of high risk/hazard prone areas B. In terms of law enforcement continuum Crime Prevention Low

Search/Surveillance Low

Arrest Low

Seizure and Low Confiscation Prosecution Low

Salvador Benedicto Squatting/ occupancy Low Enforcement of Low 40 trained low With para-legal low No uniform, no national law; BBB, all are not training but ID, no absence of local deputized needs re- equipment for support orientation documentation, ordinance Police training; BBB usually use Environment subject to personal Deputized recommendation camera/cellpho Officer (1) of LGU; change ne and vehicle composition with the change in leadership

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Local Policy Support (enumerate Resources/Logistics available Staff/Body/Org. (enumerate Training/Skills of enumerated existing for the enumerated staff/body Institutional arrangements below) (2) Staff/Body (3) ordinances, (4) Major Violations PAMB Resolutions) (1) Current/ Current/ Current/Rat Current/ Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating ing Rating Charcoal making Low no support Low 40 trained low With para-legal low No vehicle; No ordinance BBB, all are not training but regular deputized needs re- patrolling; orientation when there's no Police training; BBB report of Environment subject to violation, no Deputized recommendation patrolling Officer (1) of LGU; change composition with the change in leadership

Quarrying adoption Low (5) ENRO, low 5 officers No vehicle, provincial Chief of Police, trained/oriented communication ordinance Municipal, on laws on equipment and Engr. SB Chair quarry/checkpoin uniform on t-apprehension, Environment, para legal NGO training; no ID yet To conduct training for barangay council to support enforcement for quarry operations

B. In terms of law enforcement continuum

Crime Prevention Low Search/Surveillance Low Arrest

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Local Policy Support (enumerate Resources/Logistics available Staff/Body/Org. (enumerate Training/Skills of enumerated existing for the enumerated staff/body Institutional arrangements below) (2) Staff/Body (3) ordinances, (4) Major Violations PAMB Resolutions) (1) Current/ Current/ Current/Rat Current/ Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating ing Rating Seizure and Confiscation Prosecution Silay City A. In terms of the major violations (identified in WS 1, e.g. wildlife poaching)

Charcoal Making High Medium Lack of Medium Budget Medium Low budget Medium Additional personnel/ linkages with staff other institutions Littering (Upland) High Non Medium non-coopeartive Low Non-prioritization Low Budget Low Activation of implementation at the Barangay BWSM Comm. level Chainsaw High Non compliance Low Lack of Low RA on Chainsaw Low Budget Medium Partnership knowledge Act with DENR (Protocol) Illegal taking or Low Unclear Policy Low Lack of Low Training Low Resource Low Partnership diversion of water in an (dependent on manpower and (knowledge) on person with NIA open canal, aqueduct or PAMB) knowledge water rights reservoir (rest houses for swimming pools) B. In terms of law enforcement continuum

Crime Prevention (IEC) Medium Lack of IEC Medium Manpower Medium Orientation/Semin Low Budget Medium partnership materials ar on ELE with DENR Search/Surveillance Medium (still Waiting for Medium Not enough Medium Still need further Low Budget Medium collaboration waiting for the approved numbers of trainings with DENR and PAMB; local enforcement volunteers PEMO ordinance in protocol place) Arrest Medium Deputation of Medium Coordination Low Paralegal trainings Low Budget Medium Partnership BBB with PNP and with DENR, Army PNP and Army

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Local Policy Support (enumerate Resources/Logistics available Staff/Body/Org. (enumerate Training/Skills of enumerated existing for the enumerated staff/body Institutional arrangements below) (2) Staff/Body (3) ordinances, (4) Major Violations PAMB Resolutions) (1) Current/ Current/ Current/Rat Current/ Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating ing Rating Seizure and within the Confiscation jurisdiction of DENR regarding administrative hearing Talisay City

A. In terms of the major violations (identified in WS 1, e.g. wildlife poaching)

Charcoal Making High 2 from Ordinance on High High High enforcemen the 2nd reading t and 1 additional staff

Littering (Upland)

Chainsaw

Illegal taking or diversion of water in an open canal, aqueduct or reservoir (rest houses for swimming pools)

San Carlos City

A. In terms of the major violations identified

Illegal cutting, Medium enforcers Low There is a need for manufacture and lacking for orientation and transport of charcoal wildlife later BBB and other forest (WEO), DENR enhancement skills products. forest guards, both for the BBB and the CEMO

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Local Policy Support (enumerate Resources/Logistics available Staff/Body/Org. (enumerate Training/Skills of enumerated existing for the enumerated staff/body Institutional arrangements below) (2) Staff/Body (3) ordinances, (4) Major Violations PAMB Resolutions) (1) Current/ Current/ Current/Rat Current/ Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating ing Rating staff for future refresher and enhance-ment trainings. Particular trainings are: orientation on forestry and other relevant envi law enforcement trainings (for PA and A&D lands), wildlife enforcement trainings, values formation and forest guard survival skills training. Illegal occupancy low All that is (squatting) currently offered to the BBB is an honorarium of 4days x P250 /day per person/month. No insurance coverage and no other logistical support during their duty and operation. Former PEMO support in the form of

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Local Policy Support (enumerate Resources/Logistics available Staff/Body/Org. (enumerate Training/Skills of enumerated existing for the enumerated staff/body Institutional arrangements below) (2) Staff/Body (3) ordinances, (4) Major Violations PAMB Resolutions) (1) Current/ Current/ Current/Rat Current/ Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating ing Rating raincoat, insurance and food boxes has ceased. More logistical support is needed to incentivize the continued participation of the BBB members such as flashlights, raincoats, boots, communication subsidy (cellphone load), and increase the working period to full time at 22 days/month at rotation basis to have fulltime month long patrol and monitoring B. In terms of law enforcement continuum

Crime Prevention (IEC) - SCC local -SCC local -as of assuming CEMO office -as of assuming CEMO office no -all that is currently offered to -the SCC LGU has close environ-ment l environment no trainings have been trainings have been conducted. the BBB is an honorarium of coordination with the local PNP code office with City conducted. 4days x P250 /day per and the RMG (Regional Mobile Envi Officer & person/month. No insurance Group of the PNP). SCC has 35 staff coverage and no other logistical still to tap the Regional Law support during their duty and Enforcement Coordinating

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Local Policy Support (enumerate Resources/Logistics available Staff/Body/Org. (enumerate Training/Skills of enumerated existing for the enumerated staff/body Institutional arrangements below) (2) Staff/Body (3) ordinances, (4) Major Violations PAMB Resolutions) (1) Current/ Current/ Current/Rat Current/ Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating ing Rating Medium operation. Former PEMO Committee and the Philippine support in the form of raincoat, Army. insurance and food boxes has ceased. More logistical support is needed to incentivize the continued participation of the BBB members such as flashlights, raincoats, boots, communication subsidy (cellphone load), and increase the working period to full time at 22 days/month at rotation basis to have fulltime month long patrol and monitoring. -Provincial environment code -SCC bantay bukid brigade -there is a need for orientation and (BBB) later BBB enhancement skills both for the BBB and the CEMO staff for future refresher and enhancement trainings. Particular trainings are : orientation on Search/Surveillance forestry and other relevant envi law enforcement trainings(for PA and A&D lands), wildlife enforcement trainings, values formation and forest guard survival skills training -PAMB resolution endorsing the -90 BBB are actively PAMB republic act participating in environmental law enforcement

-40 Barangay tanods are Arrest -PAMB resolution endorsing the PASU actively participating in environmental law Medium enforcement

local PNP on call for

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Local Policy Support (enumerate Resources/Logistics available Staff/Body/Org. (enumerate Training/Skills of enumerated existing for the enumerated staff/body Institutional arrangements below) (2) Staff/Body (3) ordinances, (4) Major Violations PAMB Resolutions) (1) Current/ Current/ Current/Rat Current/ Current/ Rating Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/ Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Specific Gap/s Rating Rating ing Rating apprehension support

enforcers lacking for wildlife (WEO), DENR forest guards, Seizure and Medium Confiscation DENR handles the administrative Prosecution proceedings and prosecution

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Annex Figure 6. NNNP Violation Hotspots Map, October 28-29, 2014

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ANNEX 8. MT. KANLAON NATURAL PARK (MKNP) ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT WORKSHOP OUTPUTS, DECEMBER 9-10, 2014

Annex Table 8-A. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation in MKNP Laws Major specific Who are the violators? Where are the violations Remarks (magnitude, timing, What are we doing about these? violations committed? trend, etc.) Forestry Charcoal making and Tenured migrants and non-Tenured La Castellana- all 5 Peak season of violation is during Conduct spot patrol operations of KGB and Code fuel wood collection migrants, transient barangays off milling season of sugarcane LPT

It is within their claim at the Administrative hearing of DENR/MKNP Multiple Use Zone (MUZ) PASU

KGB patrol, filing of cases in the court; Bago City Once a year; for subsistence source strong enforcement of LGUs within the PA Inside the PA (Mailum and of livelihood Ilijan) Cases filed to all apprehended violators (6 cases) /others already filed probation (1) , others remain at large; continuous IEC and Murcia Transport during Tuesday- patrolling by KGBs (MUZ) Purok Lumpiaga, Saturday; Tiempos Muertos Litud, Guinam-an, Balasiang, (summer-time) Katugasan, Tabidiang in Brgy Minoyan Forestry Kangin making Tenured migrants and untenured Murcia Summer time Continuous IEC and patrolling by KGBs Code migrants (MUZ) Purok Lumpiaga, Litud, Guinam-an, Balasiang, Katugasan, Tabidiang in Brgy Minoyan

San Carlos City Tenured migrants and untenured Codcod Rampant; source of livelihood Patrolling migrants Forestry Timber poaching Tenure migrants and non-tenure La Castellana For housing material purposes and Conduct foot patrol operations Code migrants; residents adjacent to the The area is within the MUZ sometimes for charcoal-making PA Administrative hearing of DENR/MKNP All 5 barangays PASU

Apprehension and filing of cases; regular foot Canlaon City Minimal patrolling by KGBs Brgys Malaiba, Lumapao, Pula and Masulog within the Park Constant patrolling by KGBs; apprehensions; filing of cases San Carlos City

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Laws Major specific Who are the violators? Where are the violations Remarks (magnitude, timing, What are we doing about these? violations committed? trend, etc.) Codcod Minimal, source of livelihood

NIPAS Gathering of wild honey Local residents; transient from other La Castellana Peak of honey gathering is within Encourage them to form a group to be Act inside the PA barangays the months of December to June recognized by DENR/MKNP for sustainable Inside the PA (All 5 livelihood as their source of income barangays)

NIPAS Illegal occupation/ Barangay residents La Carlota City To sustain their daily needs Stop illegal settlers in the park Act Squatting Inside the PA (MUZ and SPZ; Yubo and Ara-al) Lack of full knowledge about the Conduct survey to identify illegal settlers MKNP Management Plan Dialogue/discussion about PAMB Laws Structures are permanent; whole Canlaon City year round as farming is their Documented; LGU provide relocation to more Brgys. Malaiba, Pula and source of livelihood than a hundred HH; and provided livelihood Vegetable farmers/tenured migrants Lumapao by the city government as hired labors;

Conduct census of park occupants

No permanent source of income

Transient settlers from Negros La Castellana Oriental Masulog, Biak-na-bato, Cabagnaan and Mansalanao

Wildlife Game fowl breeding Claimants La Carlota City This is the sole source of livelihood Provide alternative livelihood to the identified Act Both within MUZ and SPZ for them violators (Yubo and Ara-al) Stop operation on a gradual basis

NIPAS Selling of rights within Claimants La Carlota City Presence of interested person to Stop selling of rights immediately Act the Park Yubo and Ara-al buy rights even at a high price because of the existing ecotourism Impose MKNP law strictly development in the area Massive information dissemination of the Law

NIPAS Sugarcane farming tenured migrants/ICC's Murcia all year round Inventory of sugar cane farmers; continuous Act Purok Balasyang, Guinam-an monitoring

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Laws Major specific Who are the violators? Where are the violations Remarks (magnitude, timing, What are we doing about these? violations committed? trend, etc.) San Carlos City Inventory; public hearing Filing of Codcod source of livelihood cases NIPAS Illegal trekking trekkers/mountaineers/faith healer Canlaon City During holy week documented and issued notice of violations Act Brgy Pula; unofficial MKNP trail NIPAS Intentional burning/arson Tenured migrants and untenured San Carlos City during summer patrolling; filing of case Act migrants Codcod NIPAS Illegal Tenured migrants and untenured San Carlos City source of livelihood; for house inspection, validation and survey; prepare Act excavation/quarrying migrants Codcod construction documentation and filing of cases

Annex Table 8-B. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity in MKNP What is our current capability to effectively enforce environmental laws? DESCRIBE then rate: High, Medium, Low, and Very Low. What are the gaps under each of these? Law Enforcement Activity Local Policy Support Staff/ Training/ Resources/ Institutional arrangements (enumerate existing Body/ Skills of enumerated Staff/Body Logistics available for the (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB Org. (enumerate below) (3) enumerated collaboration) (5) Resolutions) (1) (2) staff/body (4) Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Rating/Specific Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/d Rating Gap/s Rating Rating Gap/s C. In terms of the major Need to train and KGV has one Kanlaon has no violations (identified in deputize more hand held radio system for WS 1, e.g. wildlife ELE enforcers/ for four processing and poaching) KGB for the stations, analyzing the whole MKNP area data for adaptive Ordinary management camera- 3 No deputized Lack of financial WEO Two stationary support/ budget base, 2 mobile base, has one repeater, one relay

There is another one proposed relay station and one handheld radio

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Annex Figure 7. MKNP Violation Hotspots Map, December 9-10, 2014

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ANNEX 9. MOUNT KITANGLAD RANGE NATURAL PARK (MKRNP) ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT WORKSHOP OUTPUTS, DECEMBER 3-4, 2014

IMPORTANT NOTE: NO VIOLATIONS WERE COMMITTED INSIDE MKRNP. ALL VIOLATIONS IDENTIFIED AND LISTED IN THE TABLES BELOW WERE COMMITTED IN THE FRINGES OF MKRNP.

Annex Table 9-A. Assessment of Current Environmental Law Enforcement Situation (Lantapan, Malaybalay and Baungon side) Law Specific Major Who are the Where are the Other Remarks What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, DENR, Violations violators? violations located? on violations PAMB, PNP, etc? What is our track record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. What are the (magnitude, of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of gender of these timing, trend, etc. law enforcement continuum? violators? Behind these Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Forestry Code Kaingin 1 family Brgy Kaatoan No expansion (1/4 Case filed in court, (in A and D) ha) for farming convicted but given Probation Charcoal making Community Kaatoan, Basak, For commercial DENR regular Very minimal, once a resident, IPs Alanib, purpose, enforcement, Anti- month 2 in a year) consumption, illegal logging task buyer from outside force every Confiscated charcoal, municipality the owner has escaped

Regular Patrolling by DENR confiscated the KGVs, IEC on vehicle and charcoal making Illegal logging Chinese business Kawayan Establishment of 140 cu meter Confiscated in 2012 with lumber Anti-illegal logging Business from task force (composite On-going prosecution other team) municipalities Vehicle- 10 wheel drive Brgy Task force vehicle taken by DENR giving tip

Mobile check point/station Transport of charcoal Same as above Kawayan Illegal logging of 7 tribes (IPS) Dalwangan Stopped (May Regular monitoring Apprehension – 30 cu CENRO filed a case planted trees about 100 person (Malaybalay) 2014) by KGVs and m PADU-DENR For commercial purposes Mt. Kitanglad Quarrying (Outside 1 company, Basak On-going no SB question the Act/NIPAS the PA) Monteclaro, owner permit operation;

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Law Specific Major Who are the Where are the Other Remarks What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, DENR, Violations violators? violations located? on violations PAMB, PNP, etc? What is our track record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. What are the (magnitude, of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) Where are we weak in terms of gender of these timing, trend, etc. law enforcement continuum? ofviolators? the land allowedBehind thesequarry in On-going hisviolators? land for road investigation construction, contractor of road construction Mt. Kitanglad Illegal squatting Capt Angel, Act/NIPAS Malaybalay Clean water act Discharging/depositing Trekkers, Mt. Dulang-dulang; Minimized Provincial Multi- Given warning for material in the bodies mountaineers Kawayan down to tripartite monitoring them to do mitigating of water Poblacion, team conducting measure Multinational Lantapan quarterly inspection corporation, business Water sampling establishment, pine apple and Ordered the company banana plantation to comply with the requirement, noncompliance no permit Chainsaw Use of chainsaw Community Basak, Kibangay, Decreasing Brgy ordinance DENR confiscation (1) 3 cases file in court, on- without permit resident for house Victory, Kawayan, requiring them to going prosecution construction Songco, Alanib, secure permit Track, chainsaw Baclayon, Balila, confiscated in favor of Poblacion, govt Kilasihan, Bantuanon, Bukaon, Capt, Juan Kaatuan Fisheries Code Use of obnoxious Few farmers Kibangay Decreasing substance SWM Operation of open Lantapan dump sites

Mixing of sourced Balila separated recyclable

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Annex Figure 8. MKRNP Violations Hotspots Map

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Annex Table 9-B. Assessment of Current Law Enforcement Situation (Baungon side) Law Specific Who are the Where are the violations Other Remarks on What are we doing about these at present? What is Major threats Major violators? located? violations (magnitude, our track record (e.g. no. of apprehensions, no. of that remain Violations Behind these timing, trend, etc prosecution?, successful prosecution?) Where are unaddressed/ violators we weak in terms of law enforcement continuum? weakly addressed Prevention Apprehension Prosecution NIPAs Act Illegal selling IP- to Less than 10 but increasing Discussed within the IP council---to be discussed with of lands in the migrant –to - no. the PAMB timber CDO resident buyer Note: Major MLGU? Baungon Barangay San Vicente –no Verbal discussion with the MLGU but no action from source of share from income on water LGU yet IP and LGU share LGU water use including IPs system is coming from PA situated on bgry San Vicente Chainsaw Act Illegal use of Brgy Captain, Barangay residents of San Vicente (7), Lacolac (5), LGU & DENR conducted apprehension Need to Chainsaw Police, Vicente, Lacolac, Mabuhay Mabuhay (1) municipality of determine/ CVO, municipality of Baungon , Baungon , confirm if the Farmer Talakag, Dagundalahon,Liguiron, Talakag=Dagundalahon chainsaws Cosina, Baylanan,Sagaran (2),Liguiron (2), enumerated have Cosina,Baylanan (1),Sagaran permits (3) Crime DENR check-point in bgry San Isidro (Talakag) managed by CENRO staff in coordination with the MLGU, PNP, brgy BLGUs or illegal logging; Prevention Army check-points established in bgry Dominurog, Lantod, Sagaran all in Talakag

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ANNEX 10. MOUNT APO NATURAL PARK (MANP) ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT WORKSHOP OUTPUTS, APRIL 24-25, 2014, MAY 21-23, 2014; AND JUNE 18-20, 2014

Annex Table 10-A. Assessment of Current Law Enforcement Situation in MANP Law Specific Major Who are the Where are the Other Remarks What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, Major threats Violations violators? violations located? on violations DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc.? What is our track record (e.g. no. of that remain What are the (magnitude, apprehensions, no. of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) unaddressed/ gender of these timing, trend, Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement continuum? weakly violators? etc. addressed Behind these Prevention Apprehension Prosecution violators? Forestry Code Illegal logging IPs/tenured IEC/Foot Patrol Confrontation/ Convicted migrants Brgy Darapuay, Sitio Brgy hearing, Dialogue Mabanog

IPs/male, Sta Cruz Minimal IEC Yes No prosecution businessmen within Brgy Astorga Stopped Dialogue S.; Langit ADL areas Warrant of arrest issued/ suspect on Community/ Kidapawan City bail Public officials 4B, Poblacion, San Vicente Illegal logging on A Community Public , North and D Officials Poblacion Illegal cutting IPs/tenured Bansalan Slight/minimal IEC/Foot Patrol Dialogue/ None migrants Brgy. Sibayan Monitoring Confiscation Brgy Darapuay Brgy Sibayan Tagbakon Forestry Code Kaingin Making Residents adjacent City-inside Common Yes Yes Yes to the park the park, Sitio Reolo

IPs/Brgy residents Sta Cruz Small area, cycle IEC None None Political National Park process intervention Upper Batono AD Minimal

Digos City Inside MANP/CADT Weak Weak Weak Forestry Code Timber poaching Residents adjacent Common None None None to the park Wildlife Act Hunting, killing of IPs/IP migrant Bansalan Minimal IEC

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Law Specific Major Who are the Where are the Other Remarks What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, Major threats Violations violators? violations located? on violations DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc.? What is our track record (e.g. no. of that remain What are the (magnitude, apprehensions, no. of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) unaddressed/ gender of these timing, trend, Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement continuum? weakly wildlife violators? Brgy Sibayan Foretc. food Dialogue addressed Behind these Tagbakan Unidentifiedviolators? person, Common Yes None None Residents inside M. Guianga-inside the park the park Purok 4 Tagurano Residents/ Migrants Sta Cruz Within the area of Occasion/ IEC Yes None residents, Minimal Brgy level sanctuary area, reprimand Upper Batono Community, Public officials, Makilala, North Buyers Cotabato for food: Baboy Warning 4Bs area ramo, Usa, Wild cat, Ibid, Rats, monkey kwaknit, Pamaligya: Wild birds, kalaw, parrot, alimohon, kusi

Community, buyers from Kidapawan City Poblacion, kidapawan

Wildlife Act Wildlife trading Community Kidapawan City IEC Buyers from 4B area Poblacion

Wildlife Act Inflicting injury which Children Makilala, North Warning cripples and/or impairs Cotabato IEC the reproductive 4Bs area system of wildlife species NIPAS Act Illegal Occupants Coop of Pastor Davao City Common Yes Quiboloy Sonshine Devt Sitio Reolo

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Law Specific Major Who are the Where are the Other Remarks What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, Major threats Violations violators? violations located? on violations DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc.? What is our track record (e.g. no. of that remain What are the (magnitude, apprehensions, no. of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) unaddressed/ gender of these timing, trend, Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement continuum? weakly Mgtviolators? Coop etc. addressed Illegal quarrying Male/Behind these Sta Cruz Monitoring Major violation Bviolators?usinessmen Sibulan River

Illegal mining Community Makilala, North Cotabato 4Bs area

Burning in critical Community Makilala, North Warrant of Arrest habitat Farmers Cotabato to be issued 4Bs area (suspect at large) SB hearing (no decision) Mineral Community Makilala, North locating/extractopn Cotabato 4Bs area

Mutilating, defacing or Community/outsid Makilala North destroying objects of ers/ Cotabato natural beauty IEC 4Bs area

Removing destroying Community Makilala North IEC or defacing boundary Cotabato marks 4Bs area

Use of any motorized Makilala North Confiscate (3 cases) equipment without a Cotabato permit 4Bs area

Dumping of any waste Community Makilala North IEC products detriment to Cotabato the protected area, 4Bs area

Chainsaw Possession w/o permit IP/non IP migrants City Weak Weak Weak Inside the CADT

Makilala, North Cotabato Confiscate (3x) 4B Buenavide, Batasan, Buhay, MENRO, Takap Bantay Bukid Tampering Makilala, North Confiscation

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Law Specific Major Who are the Where are the Other Remarks What are we doing about these at present and by whom (LGU, Major threats Violations violators? violations located? on violations DENR, PAMB, PNP, etc.? What is our track record (e.g. no. of that remain What are the (magnitude, apprehensions, no. of prosecution?, successful prosecution?) unaddressed/ gender of these timing, trend, Where are we weak in terms of law enforcement continuum? weakly engine/serial number violators? Cotabato etc. addressed Behind these 4B Fisheries Code Electro-fishing Farmersviolators? Makilala, North Warning Cotabato

Annex Table 10-B. Assessment of Current Law Enforcement Capacity in MANP What is our current capability to effectively enforce environmental laws? DESCRIBE then rate: High, Medium, Low, and Very Low. What are the gaps under each of these? Law Enforcement Local Policy Support Staff/ Training/ Resources/ Institutional arrangements Activity (enumerate existing Body/ Skills of enumerated Staff/Body Logistics available for the (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB Org. (enumerate below) (2) (3) enumerated collaboration) (5) Resolutions) (1) staff/body (4)

Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Rating/Specific Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/d Rating Gap/s Rating Rating Gap/s Digos City In terms of the major Low Exisitng Low Mostly Low No funding Low Lack resource Low Lack of violations (identified in ordinance violations are agencies person and coordination to WS 1, e.g. wildlife resolution considered budget be organized but poorly settled poaching) implemented

B. In terms of law Low Lack of Low Law Low Lack of personnel Low Lack of Political will enforcement continuum enforcement enforcement communication  Crime prevention ordinance/re in not visible facilities solution inside PA  Search/ Low Lack of Low Lack of Low Lack of training Low Needs Low surveillance participation personnel mobilization funds  Arrest Low Arrested but Low Lack of Low IEC, trainings Low Funding Low IP management settled participation network and partnership Bansalan A. In terms of major Low Lack support Low No training in Low No training Low Low No knowledge violation sin WS PAMB

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What is our current capability to effectively enforce environmental laws? DESCRIBE then rate: High, Medium, Low, and Very Low. What are the gaps under each of these? Law Enforcement Local Policy Support Staff/ Training/ Resources/ Institutional arrangements Activity (enumerate existing Body/ Skills of enumerated Staff/Body Logistics available for the (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB Org. (enumerate below) (2) (3) enumerated collaboration) (5) Resolutions) (1) staff/body (4)

Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Rating/Specific Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/d Rating Gap/s Rating Rating Gap/s  Crime Prevention  Crime Prevention Lack of IEC Lack of Low Lack of Low No camera, Low Lack of DENR on environmental enforcement cellphone. Radio, staff, lack of ordinance, enforcers Training funds environmental PAMB (bantay gubat) NGOs resolutions B. In terms of law Low Lack of Low Law Low Lack of personnel Low Lack of Political will enforcement continuum enforcement, enforcement communication  Crime prevention ordinance/ in not visible facilities resolution inside PA  Search/surveillanc Low Lack of Low Lack of Low Lack of training Low Needs Low e participation personnel mobilization funds  Arrest Low Arrested but Low lack of low IEC, trainings low funding low IP management settled participation network and partnership Davao City A. In terms of major medium dialogue medium forest rangers medium BLGU NCIP Medium radio, cellphone low brgy PA violation sin WS Tribal leaders campaign

B. In terms of law Low Sent letters Medium BlGU NCIP Medium DENR Medium Motor Medium Tanod enforcement continuum tribal leaders

 Crime prevention  Search/surveillanc medium monitoring medium Tanod medium DENR BLGU Medium cellphone motor medium NCIP BLGU e only  Arrest Sta Cruz A. In terms of major Low Lack of Low No Low Lack of training Low Lack of Very low Non existing violation sin WS coordination knowledge of knowledge of ; information existing staff fund release disseminatio on n implementing ; not properly organized

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What is our current capability to effectively enforce environmental laws? DESCRIBE then rate: High, Medium, Low, and Very Low. What are the gaps under each of these? Law Enforcement Local Policy Support Staff/ Training/ Resources/ Institutional arrangements Activity (enumerate existing Body/ Skills of enumerated Staff/Body Logistics available for the (network, partnership/ ordinances, PAMB Org. (enumerate below) (2) (3) enumerated collaboration) (5) Resolutions) (1) staff/body (4)

Current/ Specific Current/ Specific Current/ Rating/Specific Current/ Specific Gap/s Current/ Specific Rating Gap/s Rating Gap/d Rating Gap/s Rating Rating Gap/s B. In terms of law Low No direction Low No personnel; Low Lack of Low Lack of funds Low Lack of enforcement continuum no continuity coordination; lack response from  Crime prevention of initiatives of funds PNP AFP DENR  Search/surveillanc Very low Political Low Lack of Low No training Low No available Low Lack of e influence manpower conducted gadgets communication  Arrest Low No response Low Lack of Low Lack of personnel Low Lack of Low Lack of manpower monitoring manpower from partners Metro Kidapawan Water District/Makilala North Cotabato A. In terms of the major Very low- Low-Bantay Very low- Very low-zero Medium- Gaps in IEC, lack Very low-in Low-Bantay Very low- Very low-zero violations identified in in terms in bukid , Meetings assistance on MKWD- of information terms in bukid ,3 bantay Meetings assistance on previous WS (Threat 1, information 3 bantay only, no logistics, Bantay Bukid, dissemination and information gubat for only, no logistics, T2, etc.) gubat for training camera from Livelihood Education/ 3months from training camera from 3months MKWD LGU(Baranga No one to DENR not MKWD from DENR y and City- organized except deputized, not Livelihood, MKWD/ volunteers, no deputized, DENR-NGP Lack of budget volunteers, coordination and no budget correlation of multi-sectoral plans/no provider coz no budget for training even for transportations/ gaps in funds sources/coordinat ed efforts with present institutions, no province, congressional assistance/ Filing of cases in court

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ANNEX 11. B+WISER DIRECTORY

DENR PROGRAM STEERING COMMITTEE

FOR.RICARDO L. CALDERON, CESO III Chair Director, Forest Management Bureau (FMB) Department of Environment and Natural Resources FMB Bldg., Visayas Avenue, Diliman 1100 Quezon City Phone: 928-9313/927-4788; Fax: 920-0374 Email address: [email protected]

MS. LOURDES G. FERRER Co-Chair Director for Program Implementation Office of the Undersecretary for Field Operations (OUFO) Department of Environment and Natural Resources Visayas Avenue, Diliman 1100 Quezon City Phone: 928-4969; Fax: 929-4969 Email address: [email protected]

DR. THERESA MUNDITA S. LIM Member Director, Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB) Department of Environment and Natural Resources Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center Diliman, 1100 Quezon City Phone: 924-6031 to 35 local 203 & 204; Fax: 920-4417 Email address: [email protected]

ENGR. EDWIN G. DOMINGO Member Overall Director, Foreign-Assisted and Special Projects Office (FASPO) Department of Environment and Natural Resources Visayas Avenue, Diliman 1100 Quezon City Phone: 925-2344; Fax: 926-8065 Email address: [email protected]

DR. HENRY A. ADORNADO Member Director, Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau (ERDB) Department of Environment and Natural Resources University of the Philippines at Los Baños College, Laguna Phone: (049) 536-3628; Fax: (049) 536-2850 Email address: [email protected]

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FOR. ERIBERTO C. ARGETE, CESO IV Member Director, Planning and Policy Studies Office (PPSO) Department of Environment and Natural Resources Visayas Avenue, Diliman 1100 Quezon City Phone: 929-6626 local 2043, 925-1184 Email address: [email protected]

ENGR. LEO L. JASARENO Member Director, Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau (MGB) Department of Environment and Natural Resources MGB Compound North Avenue, Diliman Quezon City Phone: 920-9120; 920-9130; Fax 920-1635 Email address: [email protected]

DR. RIJALDIA N. SANTOS Member Director, Resource Data Analysis Branch National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) Lawton Avenue, Fort Andres Bonifacio 1638 Taguig City Phone: 884-2857 / 816-1033 Email address: [email protected]

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TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP

FOR.MAYUMI MA. QUINTOS-NATIVIDAD OIC, Assistant Director Forest Management Bureau (FMB) Department of Environment and Natural Resources FMB Bldg., Diliman, 1100 Quezon City Phone: 927-4784; 928-2778; TeleFax: 920-8650 Email address: [email protected]

FOR.EDNA D. NUESTRO Chief, Planning and Project Management Services Division Forest Management Bureau (FMB) Department of Environment and Natural Resources FMB Bldg., Diliman, 1100 Quezon City Phone: 927-6217; Telefax: 920-0368 Email address: [email protected]

FOR.REMEDIOS T. EVANGELISTA Chief, Reforestation Division Forest Management Bureau (FMB) Department of Environment and Natural Resources FMB Bldg., Diliman, 1100 Quezon City TeleFax: 928-2891 Email address: [email protected]

FOR.NORMA M. MOLINYAWE Chief, Biodiversity Management Division Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB) Department of Environment and Natural Resources Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center Diliman, 1100 Quezon City Phone: 924-6031 to 35 local 232; TeleFax: 925-8947 Email: [email protected], [email protected]

FOR. ARMIDA P. ANDRES Officer-in-charge, Planning Staff Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB) Department of Environment and Natural Resources Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center Diliman, 1100 Quezon City Phone: 924-6031 to 35 local 210; TeleFax: 920-4486 Email: [email protected]

FOR. MARLYNN M. MENDOZA Chief, Protected Area Community Management Division Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB) Department of Environment and Natural Resources Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center Diliman, 1100 Quezon City Phone: 924-6031 to 35 local 226; TeleFax: 925-8950 Email: [email protected]

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DR. CARMELITA VILLAMOR Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau (ERDB) Department of Environment and Natural Resources University of the Philippines at Los Baños College, Laguna Phone: (049) 536-2229, TeleFax: 536-7746 Email address: [email protected]

FOR. MONINA M. CUNANAN Chief, Project Development and Evaluation Division Planning and Policy Studies Office (PPSO) Department of Environment and Natural Resources Visayas Avenue, Diliman 1100 Quezon City Phone: 929-6626 local 2042, 928-9737 Email address: [email protected]

MS. LLARINA MOJICA OIC, Policy Studies Division Planning and Policy Studies Office (PPSO) Department of Environment and Natural Resources Visayas Avenue, Diliman 1100 Quezon City Phone: 929-6626 local 2046, TeleFax: 925-1183 Email address: [email protected]

Ms. SOLITA CASTRO Senior Remote Sensing Technologist National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) Lawton Avenue, Fort Andres Bonifacio 1638 Taguig City Phone: 810-4831 loc. 741 / 810-2891 / 884-2867 Email address: [email protected]

MR. CONRAD BRAVANTE OIC-Chief, Project Monitoring Division Foreign-Assisted and Special Projects Service Department of Environment and Natural Resources Visayas Avenue, Diliman 1100 Quezon City Phone: 929-6626 local 2118, TeleFax: 927-6755 Email address: [email protected]

MS. MOONYEEN MANRIQUE Project Officer, Project Monitoring Division Foreign-Assisted and Special Projects Service Department of Environment and Natural Resources Visayas Avenue, Diliman 1100 Quezon City TeleFax: 928-0028 Email address: [email protected]

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UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (USAID)

Mr. JEREMY GUSTAFSON Director Office of Environment, Energy, and (OEECC) U.S. Agency for International Development Annex 2 Building, U.S. Embassy 1201 Roxas Boulevard 1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines (632) 301-2129; Fax: (632) 301-6213 Email: [email protected]

Mr. JOSEPH FOLTZ Deputy Director Office of Environment, Energy, and Climate Change (OEECC) U.S. Agency for International Development Annex 2 Building, U.S. Embassy 1201 Roxas Boulevard 1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines Phone: (632) 301-4823; Fax: (632) 301-6213 Email: [email protected]

Mr. OLIVER O. AGONCILLO Natural Resources Policy Advisor Office of Environment, Energy, and Climate Change (OEECC) U.S. Agency for International Development Annex 2 Building, U.S. Embassy 1201 Roxas Boulevard 1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines Phone: (632) 301-4828; (632) 301-6000 local 4828; Fax: (632) 301-6213 Email: [email protected]

Mr. RANDY JOHN N. VINLUAN Sustainable Landscape Specialist Office of Environment, Energy, and Climate Change (OEECC) U.S. Agency for International Development Annex 2 Building, U.S. Embassy 1201 Roxas Boulevard 1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines Phone: (632) 301-4826; (632) 301-6000 local 4826; Fax: (632) 301-6213 Email: [email protected]

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B+WISER PROGRAM KEY STAFF

Staff Designation E-mail Address

Marian S. delos Angeles Chief of Party [email protected] Roberto B. Rapera Deputy Chief of Party [email protected] Ferdinand S. Esguerra* Communications Specialist [email protected] Rojessa T. Saceda Communication Specialist [email protected] Rodolfo B. Santos, Jr. M&E Specialist [email protected] Nena O. Espiritu Sustainable Finance Specialist [email protected] Maria Zita B. Toribio Policy & Governance Specialist [email protected] Guillermo A. Mendoza REDD+/MRV Specialist [email protected] Elena Chiong-Javier Gender & Inclusion Specialist [email protected] Felix Gaschick Forestry & Biodiversity Specialist [email protected] Wilman C. Pollisco Legal & Alternate Dispute Specialist [email protected] Siegfried L. Batucan* Mapping & GIS Specialist [email protected] Raul M. Caceres* Social Marketing & BCC Consultant [email protected] Calixto E. Yao Coastal Forest Ecosystem Specialist [email protected] Robert R. Araño Field Manager – NSMNP rarañ[email protected] Roldan R. Dugay Field Manager – UMRBPL-KWFR [email protected] Geoffrey E. Sa-ong Field Manager – QAW [email protected] Anselmo P. Cabrera Field Manager – BRWNP [email protected] Rodolfo V. Aragon Field Manager – MKRNP [email protected] Gregory Benjamin M. Luz Field Manager – MANP [email protected] Sarah M. Simmons Operations Manager [email protected] Susan R. Elizondo Procurement/SAF Manager [email protected] Catherine C. Pollisco Finance Manager [email protected] Nicanor P. Gonzalo Senior Accountant [email protected] Eugene C. Bennagen Technical Activity Manager [email protected] Ina Karissa D. Tobias PCU Coordinator [email protected] Jay Lowell H. Payuyo IT/MIS Specialist [email protected] Romero Y. Inamac Publications Associate [email protected] Ramil S. Alcala Program Associate [email protected] John Kevin D.G. Benico Program Associate [email protected] Desiree A. Donceras Program Associate [email protected] Joyce Lyn S. Molina Program Associate [email protected] Kent C. Tangcalagan Program Associate for IPs & Social Media [email protected] Ana Georgina C. Ciriaco Program Development Associate [email protected]

SUBCONTRACTORS

FFI

Neil Aldrin D. Mallari Biodiversity and Ecology Specialist [email protected] Jose Don T. de Alban RS/GIS Specialist [email protected] Edmund Leo B. Rico Carbon Inventory & Assessment Specialist [email protected] Orlando Arciaga Community Development Specialist [email protected] Angelica Kristina Monzon RS/GIS Data Analysis Associate angelica.monzon@fauna-flora. Christian Supsup RS/GIS Data Analysis Associate [email protected] Rizza Karen A. Veridiano Forest Carbon & Inventory Assess. Assoc. [email protected] Nevong Puna Biodiv Assess. (BA) & Monitoring Assoc. [email protected] Jackie Lou Wenceslao BA & Monitoring Associate [email protected] Laila Pornel Community Development Associate [email protected]

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ICRAF

Rodel P. Lasco REDD+ and Agro-Forestry Specialist [email protected] Florencia B. Pulhin Climate Change & Forest Biodiversity Sp. [email protected] Joan P. Urquiola Researcher [email protected]

HARIBON FOUNDATION*

Arlie Jo B. Endonila, Head, Training & Education Division

______* Short-term/part-time

CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL INC. – B+WISER PROGRAM Unit 201, 2nd Floor, CTC Building 2232 Roxas Boulevard, Pasay City Trunk Line: +63 2 550-1012/15/16 Fax: +63 2 552-1696

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