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Contribution of the Scandinavian and Germanic People to the Development of Montana

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Contribution of the Scandinavian and Germanic People to the Development of Montana University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1926 Contribution of the Scandinavian and Germanic people to the development of Montana Oscar Melvin Grimsby The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Grimsby, Oscar Melvin, "Contribution of the Scandinavian and Germanic people to the development of Montana" (1926). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5349. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5349 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CONTRIBUTION OP THE SCANDINAVIAN AND GERMANIC PEOPLE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OP MONTANA *>y O. M. GrimsTjy 19S6 UMI Number: EP40813 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI* UMI EP40813 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 MONTANA. STATE GMJVERSn7 t i M H CONTENTS. mmmiGTim, CHAPTER 1. A. Introduction of Christianity into the Northwest. 1. Coming of the Methodists.- 2. Ooming of the Presbyterians 3. Ooming of the Catholics. B. Scandinavian and Germanic Immigration. 1. She Scandinavians* a. statistics on immigration. 2. The Germans. - a . fha f i r s t wave- 1831-1860. b. The second wave—186 6 -lf89. 3. fhe Swedes and Danes. Chapter II. UI1BRAL DBV3LQPM.5KT. A . H isto rical IHTRODOOTION. 1. The discovery of gold in Montana 2. Value of gold products. B. Scandinavians and Germans in the gold f ie ld s . 1. Sarliest arrivals 2. lames of e a r lie s t a r r i v a l s , 1654-1867 (appendix) 3. R@asons for the greater number of German pioneers. a. Greater number in. America. b. Influence of Baron Von Hichtofen. G. II orwe giant and German Gulches. Contributions. 1. Built first smelter. 2. Ot .-an Jig . 3. 7Iicks and la s t Helena Sm elters. 4. F.Augustus Heinzie* CHAPTER III . .DEVELOPMENT OF LUMBERING A. HISTORICAL INPROjXJ GTIGH j3 . aUURiaib ■ - J AnTGn M. ir-iOLlaR« 0. GYPPO CONTRACT dlSTi&i. B. PROPORTION OF SCAN -DllA VI AN 3 AH© GBHMANS II THE LUMBERING INDUSTRY. E. SUMMARY. CHAPfM IV. MORAL ASP RBLIGIKTB DEVELOPME1N3?. a. ScaMinaviians and damans hy Counties, 1870, 1680, 1890. B. H istory of tha f i r s t German m issionaries. 0. History of the first Norwegian Missionaries. D. History Of the first Swedish missionaries. S. Summary of growth of Lutheran Synods in the state. G. Moral and social characteristics of the Scandinavians and Germans OQNCLUSI OK'S APPSS.D1X lillOGHAMY %>m OONTRlBU'flOS OF THE SOANBlisAVlAN AND GERMANIC f . u PB0PL3 OF THE SEmQPMERP OF MOJSPANA WTRODDOT ION Chapter 2 fiae great Northwest ®f which Montana is a part was^©rti©n of 'America of which few white man had any knowledge until the first de­ cade o f the nineteenth century. i'he Washington and Origan a ©as t- lin e , however-, had been explored as early as the middle of the sixteenth century by Spanish explorers in their search for gold and in quest of a northe -n passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic. In the inland the red., men reigned supreme and undisturbed. From the records of verendraye, a French Canadian explorer, we learn that his sen explored the Missouri Hiver territory and came as far west as eastern Montana and vi/ysming in the year 1743. He was the j I first white man te see the land of the "Shining Mountains*., and t# set foot on Montana s o il, il) Whe explorations, which revealed to the American people the vast 1. South uakota Historical Collections, Vol. 7, p. 349. "Journal ©f the trip made by chevalier de la verendrye with one of his brothers, to reach the west bea, addresses to .M. le Marquis de iJeauharnois." - 2 - resources of the horthwest, were conducted, under the supervision of -fresident Jefferso n , "by Lewis and Glark in 1804-1806. i'he object of the expedition was to make possible the extent ion ©f the external commerce of the united a ta te s and the prometj^aa--of the fur trade with the Indians, who were then furnishing great supplies ©f furs and peltry to the trade ©f another nation, i’he Lewis and Glark journals gave glowing accounts of the wealth ©f this hitherto unknown section ©f the country. (2) I'he beavers were plentiful and the mountains were covered with heavy timber, xhese reports aroused special interest among the fur traders, rhe return of the expedition, was a signal for the entry of several far- trading companies to compete for the valuable beaver furs of the hertkwest. Is early as 1611-1812 fur traders of the Southwest 3@m- pany and Pacific Company traded for furs with the Flathead and gez Perce indidns. 13) ihese tribes were located in western Montana, northern Idaho and eastern Washington, xhey were the most friendly ©f a l l th e ■‘■ndians of the northwest. in event took place in 1832 which directed the attention of the American churches to the Northwest as a vast field of benevolent enter­ prise, ripe for the introduction ©f the Gospel amsng the benighted in­ habitants. ihe chiefs of the Flatheads in that year decided upon a plan of action which is incomparable in Indian missionary history. 2 . Lewis and Clark Journals, vol. I p. 365 V©1. 3 p. 318-319 3. Elliot Ooues, Hew Light ©n the history of the northwest Vol. 2 pp. 708, 709, 710. - 3 - Dae to a series @f smallpox epidemics culminating in the scourge ®f 1830, the ranks of the Flatheads had been greatly re­ duced, and as a result their faith in the protection of the ureat Spirit began to wane. (5) Wet even their medicine men were able to stem the tide of this dreaded disease. The trappers working among these Indians, bartering their valuable beaver skins for the trinkets of the Northwest (Joropany, were Canadian half-breeds Whs had at least a smattering knowledge ®f the nible. flth these trappers came seme Iroguais Indians wha had come in contact with Jesuit missionaries, stationed at Montreal^ and although they had tui’ned against them at that time , remirabered fchedr teachings new #h#S prompted by the Canadians. X'hese Canadians and iro^uois trappers told the Flathead Indians of the white man's Book and the white mai's §od. They told them of the missionary p r ie sts, and fa lsely credited to them such wonderful deeds and mysterious actions that in the super­ stitious minds of the flatheads they appeared as new gods. These stories made a deep impression upon the minds of the Indians, and after a decade their curiosity grew to a desire to hear more of the white man's Book. I'he Qall for Missionaries. Among the most influential of the Iroquois leaders was Ignace la lausse. he had acquired the name of r,Qld Ignace, ♦ 5. Ohittenden and Kicbardson, “Father De Sraet-Js Life and Travels among the North American Indians*. Vol. 1 p. 19. #he Apostle to the Flatheads", because it was largely through his initiative that a deputation was sent to St. Louis far the purpose of securing a Christian siissionary. 16) in 1631 four Indians representing the Flatheads, who at that tins lived in the Bitter Hoot Valley in western nontax©, among them Old Ignace, arrived in St. Louis* It represented a journey of two thousand miles through rugged mountains, over barren plains and dangerous country of the enemy. The United States Indian agent, General Glark, was known by them as the first great chief of the t' white men, who had v is ite d th e ir n a tio n . They made an appeal to « General Glark for missionaries. 17 ) A. the Ooming of the Methodists. The coming of the Indian d eleg atio n to S t. Louis was given much publicity in the official papers of the Methodist church. A general feeling of sympathy was awakened for these interesting natives of the Horthwest. The Methodist church, through the liission Board, decided to answer the ’’Macedonian Gall’1. In '1834 B§v. Jason Lee and his nephew, Daniel Lee, together with P. L. Edwards and Gyrus Shepherd started out on that long journey to the land of the Platheads. The original purpose for which the missionaries were sent, was not carried out. instead of establishing a mission among the Flathead they passed on to Walla Walla, Washington and began a mission in the Willamette Valley. When the Lees arrived in the country of the 6 . Lee and F ro st, "Ten Years in Oregon". p. 110. * 7. Laveille, "Life of Father Da Smet". p . 99. - 5 - Flatheads, they did not find a promising field for missionary activities, They saw that the Indians were few in number; constant warfare with the Blaitffcfeet Indians,, had depleted their ranks.
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