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Architectural and Historical Survey of Whitewater, Wisconsin by Carol Lohry Cartwright

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Architectural and Historical Survey of Whitewater, Wisconsin by Carol Lohry Cartwright Architectural and Historical Survey of Whitewater, Wisconsin by Carol Lohry Cartwright WHITEWATER LANDMARKS COMMISSION: CITY OF WHITEWATER, WISCONSIN 2008 CITY OF WHITEWATER, WISCONSIN Architectural and Historical Survey Report Author: Carol Lohry Cartwright Prepared for the Landmarks Commission City of Whitewater, Wisconsin 2008 Landmarks Commission For inquiries about the Whitewater Landmarks Commission, please contact the City of Whitewater, 312 W. Whitewater St., Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190. Cover Photo: Whitewater Postcard, c. 1910, from the collections of the Whitewater Historical Society, used with permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to thank the Whitewater Landmarks Commission for their assistance in completing this report. The author would also like to thank the Whitewater Historical Society for the use of its manuscript and photographic collections. The Irvin Young Library in Whitewater was also very helpful in providing access to their collections, especially the Fred Kraege historical materials. These materials were an essential source of information for this project and the report could not have been completed without their use. The author would also like to thank Mary Nimm of the Community Development Authority for her technical assistance. 1 Federal Acknowledgment The activity that is the subject of this publication has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, and administered by the Wisconsin Historical Society. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the Wisconsin Historical Society. Nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the Wisconsin Historical Society. This program receives federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1975, as amended, the U. s. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street NW, Washington DC 20240. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page Chapter 1 – Survey Methodology 4 Chapter 2 – Historical Background 8 Chapter 3 – Architecture 30 Residential Architecture 30 Commercial Architecture 42 Church Architecture 46 Public Architecture 48 Construction Materials 49 Architects and Builders 51 Chapter 4 – Historical Theme: Commerce 55 Chapter 5 – Historical Theme: Government 76 Chapter 6 - Results 87 Chapter 7 - Recommendations 95 Appendix 100 Summary of Survey Findings with Photographic Examples 3 CHAPTER ONE Methodology Introduction The City of Whitewater Community Development Authority, working with the Whitewater Landmarks Commission, received funding from a federal survey and planning grant administered by the Division of Historic Preservation of the Wisconsin Historical Society to conduct an intensive architectural and historical survey of Whitewater. The Whitewater Landmarks Commission and the City of Whitewater awarded a contract for this survey to Carol Lohry Cartwright, Historic Preservation Consultant. The intensive architectural and historical survey had four work elements: (1) a reconnaissance survey of the historic properties in Whitewater; (2) historical research for properties that were potentially eligible for the National Register and to provide historical context to evaluate surveyed properties and to prepare the chapters of the intensive survey report; (3) an evaluation of surveyed properties for their potential eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places and/or their contribution to potential historic districts; (4) completion of the survey report. Reconnaissance Survey The consultant surveyed the entire City of Whitewater, using the 1989 reconnaissance survey as a guide. The field work was completed according to the Wisconsin Historical Society’s Historic Preservation Division’s requirements for reconnaissance surveys. The consultant surveyed properties structure by structure and street by street for resources of architectural interest. Black and white photographs of properties of architectural interest were taken, along with properties included in the 1989 survey that had been altered. After the site-specific research was conducted, the consultant prepared reconnaissance survey cards for each of the buildings that were photographed. Most of these cards were continuation cards for properties placed in the Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory in 1989. Surveyed properties were noted on a city zoning map by the use of photo codes as assigned by the Historic Preservation Division. Research The consultant undertook site-specific research for potentially eligible properties by reviewing Sanborn-Perris Fire Insurance Maps, historic plat maps, tax assessment roll information, and local history materials found in the collections of the Whitewater Historical Society and the Irvin L. Young Library. This research was used to prepare the reconnaissance survey cards and the Historic Preservation Division’s Architecture and Historic Data Base, and to help in evaluating the surveyed resources. 4 The consultant also conducted general historical research in order to help prepare this report. For this research, the consultant used the many published materials on the history of Whitewater found in the Whitewater Historical Society and the Irvin Young Library. The consultant completed a newspaper search for the 19th century and reviewed newspaper scrapbooks from the 20th century on file in the Whitewater Historical Society and the Irvin Young Library. The consultant also used the information from local historian Fred Kraege’s vast collections of newspaper clippings, copies of photos and materials filed in thematic notebooks located in the Irving L. Young Library. Identification and Evaluation of Significant Resources During the course of the project, the consultant analyzed the architectural and historical data to determine which resources were potentially individually eligible for the National Register of Historic Places and which groups of resources might form potentially eligible historic districts. These evaluations were reviewed with the chief of the Historic Buildings Section of the Division of Historic Preservation. The consultant noted the evaluations on the data base and in this report. These opinions were based on the criteria of the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register criteria are used to guide state and federal agencies in evaluating nominations to the National Register of Historic Places. The criteria is described in How to Complete National Register Forms (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1991), and read as follows: “The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archeology, and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and: “A. that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or “B. that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or “C. that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or “D. that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. “Ordinarily, cemeteries, birthplaces, or graves of historical figures, properties owned by religious institutions, or used for religious purposes, structures that have been moved from their original locations, reconstructed historic buildings, properties primarily commemorative in nature, and properties that have achieved significance within the past 50 years shall not be considered eligible for the National Register. However, such properties will qualify if they are integral parts of districts that do meet the criteria or if they fall within the following categories: 5 “A. a religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or artistic distinction or historical importance; or “B. a building or structure removed from its original location, but which is significant primarily for architectural value, or which is the surviving structure most importantly associated with a historic period or event; or “C. a birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance if there is no other appropriate site or building directly associated with his or her productive life; or “D. a cemetery which derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events; or “E. a reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and when no other building or structure with the same association has survived; or “F. a property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has invested it with his own
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