Workshop for Commercial Users of Functional Programming, Tallinn, Estonia, September 2005
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Functional Languages
Functional Programming Languages (FPL) 1. Definitions................................................................... 2 2. Applications ................................................................ 2 3. Examples..................................................................... 3 4. FPL Characteristics:.................................................... 3 5. Lambda calculus (LC)................................................. 4 6. Functions in FPLs ....................................................... 7 7. Modern functional languages...................................... 9 8. Scheme overview...................................................... 11 8.1. Get your own Scheme from MIT...................... 11 8.2. General overview.............................................. 11 8.3. Data Typing ...................................................... 12 8.4. Comments ......................................................... 12 8.5. Recursion Instead of Iteration........................... 13 8.6. Evaluation ......................................................... 14 8.7. Storing and using Scheme code ........................ 14 8.8. Variables ........................................................... 15 8.9. Data types.......................................................... 16 8.10. Arithmetic functions ......................................... 17 8.11. Selection functions............................................ 18 8.12. Iteration............................................................. 23 8.13. Defining functions ........................................... -
The Machine That Builds Itself: How the Strengths of Lisp Family
Khomtchouk et al. OPINION NOTE The Machine that Builds Itself: How the Strengths of Lisp Family Languages Facilitate Building Complex and Flexible Bioinformatic Models Bohdan B. Khomtchouk1*, Edmund Weitz2 and Claes Wahlestedt1 *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of We address the need for expanding the presence of the Lisp family of Psychiatry and Behavioral programming languages in bioinformatics and computational biology research. Sciences, University of Miami Languages of this family, like Common Lisp, Scheme, or Clojure, facilitate the Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th ST, Miami, FL, USA creation of powerful and flexible software models that are required for complex 33136 and rapidly evolving domains like biology. We will point out several important key Full list of author information is features that distinguish languages of the Lisp family from other programming available at the end of the article languages and we will explain how these features can aid researchers in becoming more productive and creating better code. We will also show how these features make these languages ideal tools for artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. We will specifically stress the advantages of domain-specific languages (DSL): languages which are specialized to a particular area and thus not only facilitate easier research problem formulation, but also aid in the establishment of standards and best programming practices as applied to the specific research field at hand. DSLs are particularly easy to build in Common Lisp, the most comprehensive Lisp dialect, which is commonly referred to as the “programmable programming language.” We are convinced that Lisp grants programmers unprecedented power to build increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that may ultimately transform machine learning and AI research in bioinformatics and computational biology. -
Functional Programming Laboratory 1 Programming Paradigms
Intro 1 Functional Programming Laboratory C. Beeri 1 Programming Paradigms A programming paradigm is an approach to programming: what is a program, how are programs designed and written, and how are the goals of programs achieved by their execution. A paradigm is an idea in pure form; it is realized in a language by a set of constructs and by methodologies for using them. Languages sometimes combine several paradigms. The notion of paradigm provides a useful guide to understanding programming languages. The imperative paradigm underlies languages such as Pascal and C. The object-oriented paradigm is embodied in Smalltalk, C++ and Java. These are probably the paradigms known to the students taking this lab. We introduce functional programming by comparing it to them. 1.1 Imperative and object-oriented programming Imperative programming is based on a simple construct: A cell is a container of data, whose contents can be changed. A cell is an abstraction of a memory location. It can store data, such as integers or real numbers, or addresses of other cells. The abstraction hides the size bounds that apply to real memory, as well as the physical address space details. The variables of Pascal and C denote cells. The programming construct that allows to change the contents of a cell is assignment. In the imperative paradigm a program has, at each point of its execution, a state represented by a collection of cells and their contents. This state changes as the program executes; assignment statements change the contents of cells, other statements create and destroy cells. Yet others, such as conditional and loop statements allow the programmer to direct the control flow of the program. -
Functional and Imperative Object-Oriented Programming in Theory and Practice
Uppsala universitet Inst. för informatik och media Functional and Imperative Object-Oriented Programming in Theory and Practice A Study of Online Discussions in the Programming Community Per Jernlund & Martin Stenberg Kurs: Examensarbete Nivå: C Termin: VT-19 Datum: 14-06-2019 Abstract Functional programming (FP) has progressively become more prevalent and techniques from the FP paradigm has been implemented in many different Imperative object-oriented programming (OOP) languages. However, there is no indication that OOP is going out of style. Nevertheless the increased popularity in FP has sparked new discussions across the Internet between the FP and OOP communities regarding a multitude of related aspects. These discussions could provide insights into the questions and challenges faced by programmers today. This thesis investigates these online discussions in a small and contemporary scale in order to identify the most discussed aspect of FP and OOP. Once identified the statements and claims made by various discussion participants were selected and compared to literature relating to the aspects and the theory behind the paradigms in order to determine whether there was any discrepancies between practitioners and theory. It was done in order to investigate whether the practitioners had different ideas in the form of best practices that could influence theories. The most discussed aspect within FP and OOP was immutability and state relating primarily to the aspects of concurrency and performance. This thesis presents a selection of representative quotes that illustrate the different points of view held by groups in the community and then addresses those claims by investigating what is said in literature. -
A Java Virtual Machine Extended to Run Parrot Bytecode
A JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE EXTENDED TO RUN PARROT BYTECODE A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2006 By Martin Dahl School of Computer Science Contents Abstract 8 Declaration 9 Copyright 10 Acknowledgements 11 1 Introduction 12 1.1 Objectives and Motivation . 13 1.2 Related Work . 13 1.2.1 Parrot . 14 1.2.2 Pugs . 14 1.2.3 PearColator . 14 1.3 Organisation of the Thesis . 15 2 The Parrot Project 16 2.1 Perl 6 . 17 2.1.1 Design . 17 2.1.2 Perl 6 Internals . 18 2.1.3 Pugs . 19 2.1.4 Parrot Perl 6 Compiler . 19 2.2 Virtual Machine . 20 2.2.1 Design . 20 2.2.2 Architecture . 21 2.2.3 Registers . 22 2.2.4 Instruction Set . 23 2.2.5 Parrot Assembly Language and Intermediate Representation 24 2 2.3 Parrot Magic Cookies . 24 2.3.1 Core PMCs . 24 2.3.2 Other PMCs . 27 2.4 Compiler suite . 27 2.4.1 Perl 6 . 27 2.4.2 Other languages . 27 2.5 Summary . 28 3 Parrot Bytecode Format 30 3.1 Header . 31 3.2 Bytecode Format 1 . 33 3.2.1 Directory Segment . 34 3.2.2 Constant Table Segment . 35 3.2.3 Bytecode Segment . 38 3.2.4 Debug Segment . 38 3.2.5 Fixup Segment . 39 3.3 Summary . 40 4 Parakeet 41 4.1 Overview . 42 4.2 Jikes RVM . 43 4.3 PearColator . -
Functional Javascript
www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Functional JavaScript Michael Fogus www.it-ebooks.info Functional JavaScript by Michael Fogus Copyright © 2013 Michael Fogus. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/ institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or [email protected]. Editor: Mary Treseler Indexer: Judith McConville Production Editor: Melanie Yarbrough Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery Copyeditor: Jasmine Kwityn Interior Designer: David Futato Proofreader: Jilly Gagnon Illustrator: Robert Romano May 2013: First Edition Revision History for the First Edition: 2013-05-24: First release See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449360726 for release details. Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Functional JavaScript, the image of an eider duck, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a trade‐ mark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. -
Functional Programming Lecture 1: Introduction
Functional Programming Lecture 13: FP in the Real World Viliam Lisý Artificial Intelligence Center Department of Computer Science FEE, Czech Technical University in Prague [email protected] 1 Mixed paradigm languages Functional programming is great easy parallelism and concurrency referential transparency, encapsulation compact declarative code Imperative programming is great more convenient I/O better performance in certain tasks There is no reason not to combine paradigms 2 3 Source: Wikipedia 4 Scala Quite popular with industry Multi-paradigm language • simple parallelism/concurrency • able to build enterprise solutions Runs on JVM 5 Scala vs. Haskell • Adam Szlachta's slides 6 Is Java 8 a Functional Language? Based on: https://jlordiales.me/2014/11/01/overview-java-8/ Functional language first class functions higher order functions pure functions (referential transparency) recursion closures currying and partial application 7 First class functions Previously, you could pass only classes in Java File[] directories = new File(".").listFiles(new FileFilter() { @Override public boolean accept(File pathname) { return pathname.isDirectory(); } }); Java 8 has the concept of method reference File[] directories = new File(".").listFiles(File::isDirectory); 8 Lambdas Sometimes we want a single-purpose function File[] csvFiles = new File(".").listFiles(new FileFilter() { @Override public boolean accept(File pathname) { return pathname.getAbsolutePath().endsWith("csv"); } }); Java 8 has lambda functions for that File[] csvFiles = new File(".") -
Notes on Functional Programming with Haskell
Notes on Functional Programming with Haskell H. Conrad Cunningham [email protected] Multiparadigm Software Architecture Group Department of Computer and Information Science University of Mississippi 201 Weir Hall University, Mississippi 38677 USA Fall Semester 2014 Copyright c 1994, 1995, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2014 by H. Conrad Cunningham Permission to copy and use this document for educational or research purposes of a non-commercial nature is hereby granted provided that this copyright notice is retained on all copies. All other rights are reserved by the author. H. Conrad Cunningham, D.Sc. Professor and Chair Department of Computer and Information Science University of Mississippi 201 Weir Hall University, Mississippi 38677 USA [email protected] PREFACE TO 1995 EDITION I wrote this set of lecture notes for use in the course Functional Programming (CSCI 555) that I teach in the Department of Computer and Information Science at the Uni- versity of Mississippi. The course is open to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. The first version of these notes were written as a part of my preparation for the fall semester 1993 offering of the course. This version reflects some restructuring and revision done for the fall 1994 offering of the course|or after completion of the class. For these classes, I used the following resources: Textbook { Richard Bird and Philip Wadler. Introduction to Functional Program- ming, Prentice Hall International, 1988 [2]. These notes more or less cover the material from chapters 1 through 6 plus selected material from chapters 7 through 9. Software { Gofer interpreter version 2.30 (2.28 in 1993) written by Mark P. -
Purely Functional Data Structures
Purely Functional Data Structures Chris Okasaki September 1996 CMU-CS-96-177 School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Thesis Committee: Peter Lee, Chair Robert Harper Daniel Sleator Robert Tarjan, Princeton University Copyright c 1996 Chris Okasaki This research was sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) under Contract No. F19628- 95-C-0050. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of ARPA or the U.S. Government. Keywords: functional programming, data structures, lazy evaluation, amortization For Maria Abstract When a C programmer needs an efficient data structure for a particular prob- lem, he or she can often simply look one up in any of a number of good text- books or handbooks. Unfortunately, programmers in functional languages such as Standard ML or Haskell do not have this luxury. Although some data struc- tures designed for imperative languages such as C can be quite easily adapted to a functional setting, most cannot, usually because they depend in crucial ways on as- signments, which are disallowed, or at least discouraged, in functional languages. To address this imbalance, we describe several techniques for designing functional data structures, and numerous original data structures based on these techniques, including multiple variations of lists, queues, double-ended queues, and heaps, many supporting more exotic features such as random access or efficient catena- tion. In addition, we expose the fundamental role of lazy evaluation in amortized functional data structures. -
Minimal Perl for UNIX and Linux People
Minimal Perl For UNIX and Linux People BY TIM MAHER MANNING Greenwich (74° w. long.) For online information and ordering of this and other Manning books, please visit www.manning.com. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in quantity. For more information, please contact: Special Sales Department Manning Publications Co. Cherokee Station PO Box 20386 Fax: (609) 877-8256 New York, NY 10021 email: [email protected] ©2007 by Manning Publications Co. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in the book, and Manning Publications was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, it is Manning’s policy to have the books we publish printed on acid-free paper, and we exert our best efforts to that end. Manning Publications Co. Copyeditor: Tiffany Taylor 209 Bruce Park Avenue Typesetters: Denis Dalinnik, Dottie Marsico Greenwich, CT 06830 Cover designer: Leslie Haimes ISBN 1-932394-50-8 Printed in the United States of America 12345678910–VHG–1009080706 To Yeshe Dolma Sherpa, whose fortitude, endurance, and many sacrifices made this book possible. To my parents, Gloria Grady Washington and William N. Maher, who indulged my early interests in literature. To my limbic system, with gratitude for all the good times we’ve had together. -
A Retrospective on Pugs ☺
☺ A retrospective on Pugs ☺ Ingo Blechschmidt <[email protected]> Augsburg.pm (April 13th, 2015) Pugs, an experimental Perl 6 platform: a retrospective 1 / 37 April 13th, 2015 Abstract. “Hi. Today I have started working on specifying and implementing Feath- erweight Perl 6 (FP6), a side-effect-free subset of Perl 6.” Audrey Tang used these words to unveil the Pugs project in February of 2005. Initially conceived as an imple- mentation of a small subset of Perl 6 in Haskell, the project quickly grew to contain a full-fledged compiler and interpreter for Perl 6 and aracted a large and diverse community. e talk will give a subjective survey of the history of Pugs. We will pay particular aention to the special manner with which Audrey led the project and what the phi- losophy “-Ofun” meant to the developers. We’ll also discuss which parts of Pugs were absorbed into other implementations of Perl 6 and which influence Pugs had on the Perl and Haskell communities. About me. I contributed to Pugs as a school student in 2005, at first by porting modules and writing tests, then gradually also by writing Haskell code and later by implement- ing a JavaScript backend. Audrey and the unique spirit in the Pugs community had a strong and lasting influence on me (exposing me to Haskell, category theory, and a beautiful way of tending communities); I look back on very exciting and fun days. Warning. e account is mostly from memory and not properly researched. Try not to trust it! Also note that the timeline covers only the year 2005 and that the code excerpts are edited for legibility, i. -
Perl 6 Audrey Tang
Deploying Perl 6 Audrey Tang 1 Perl 6 is here Today! 2 Perl 6 is here Today! (YAPC::NA 2005) 3 Pugs 6.2.12 •Released on June 26th •3x faster build time •10x faster compilation •2x faster runtime •2000+ commits since 6.2.11 4 Parrot 0.4.5 •Released last June 19th •Unicode identifiers •Hierarchical namespace •New .NET CLR translator •Much faster compiler tools 5 Great for experimenting 6 But not for production 7 ...not this Christmas 8 9 CPAN is the language 10 Perl is just its syntax 11 Perl 5.000b3h (October 1994) 12 • use 5.000; • use strict; • require 'fastcwd.pl'; • require 'newgetopt.pl'; • require 'exceptions.pl'; • # ... • 13 Continuity++ 14 Pugs 6.2.2 (June 2005) 15 • use v6-pugs; • use perl5:DBI; • use perl5:Encode; • use perl5:Template; • # ... • 16 Still need to install Pugs 17 Perl 5.9.3 (Jan 2006) 18 • use v5.9.3; • use feature qw(switch say err ~~); • given (shift()) { • when ['‐h', '‐‐help'] { • say "Usage: $0"; • } • default { • $0 ~~ 'moose.exe' err die "Not Moose"; • } • } • 19 How to get Perl 6 into Production? 20 Production • Work with existing code • Must support Perl 5 and XS • No from‐scratch rewrites 21 Frontends? Tcl Python Scheme Parrot 22 Frontends? Tcl Python Scheme Perl 5 (Ponie) Parrot Perl 6 23 Backends! Pugs Java Haskell Perl 5 Script 24 Backends! JVM? YARV? Pugs CLR? PyPy? Java Haskell Perl 5 Script 25 Pugs on Perl 5 26 Perl 6 Runtime Implemented as Perl 5 Modules 27 Sane Perl 5 (not source filters) 28 Available On CPAN Today 29 Moose.pm ☯ 30 What is Moose? • Complete object model for Perl 5 • Based on the