Moss: Flora of Maine
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Spanish Moss and Ball Moss 1
FOR52 Spanish Moss and Ball Moss 1 Nancy P. Arny2 Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) and ball Bromeliads moss (T. recurvata) are common elements of the Florida landscape. They are two of Florida's native Like almost all members of the Bromeliaceae, members of the Bromeliaceae, also known as the Spanish moss and ball moss are perennial herbs. This pineapple family. This family includes species as means they do not have permanent woody stems diverse as pineapples, Spanish moss and a above ground, but that individual plants persist for carnivorous relative native to Australia. Bromeliads years and will reproduce without human intervention. are members of the plant division Like many other bromeliads, these plants are Magnoliophyta--the flowering plants. While most epiphytes or "air plants". This indicates that they do Floridians are at least vaguely familiar with Spanish not require soil to root in, but can survive and thrive moss, many have never seen it flower and may be growing above the ground hanging on branches of surprised at the beauty of its delicate blossom. Of trees or other structures. They are not parasites. course, the fact that both Spanish moss and ball moss Without soil as a source of nutrients, these plants produce flowers is proof that they are not truly have evolved the capacity to make use of minerals mosses at all. dissolved in the water which flows across leaves and down branches. This fact sheet will help the reader to distinguish between the two common Tillandsias . It also Spanish moss plants appear to vary in mineral provides basic information on the biology and content and it has been proven that they gain a ecology of these fascinating plants and provides significant portion of their nutrients from stem recommendations for their management in the home run-off from the trees on which they are anchored. -
Ulota Meglospora
DRAFT, Version 1.1 Draft Management Recommendations for Ulota megalospora Vent. in Roell Version 1.1 November 4, 1996 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................... 2 I. Natural History ........................................................... 3 A. Taxonomic/Nomenclatural History ...................................... 3 B. Species Description .................................................. 3 1. Morphology .................................................. 3 2. Reproductive Biology ........................................... 3 3. Ecology ..................................................... 3 C. Range, Known Sites ................................................. 4 D. Habitat Characteristics and Species Abundance ............................. 4 II. Current Species Situation ................................................... 4 A. Why Species is Listed under Survey and Manage Standards and Guidelines ........ 4 B. Major Habitat and Viability Considerations ................................ 5 C. Threats to the Species ................................................ 5 D. Distribution Relative to Land Allocations ................................. 5 III. Management Goals and Objectives ........................................... 5 A. Management Goals for the Taxon ....................................... 5 B. Specific Objectives .................................................. 5 IV. Habitat Management ..................................................... 6 A. Lessons from History ............................................... -
COMÚN INGLÉS COMÚN ESPAÑOL NOMBRE CIENTÍFICO Alder Aliso
COMÚN INGLÉS COMÚN ESPAÑOL NOMBRE CIENTÍFICO Alder Aliso Alnus spp. Alligator juniper Tascate Juniperus deppeana Almond Almendro Prunus dulcis Anaqua Manzanillo Ehretia anacua Apricot Albaricoquero Prunus armeniaca Ash Fresno, plumero Fraxinus spp. Ashe juniper Sabino Juniperus ashei Basswood Tilo Tilia spp. Ball moss Gallitos Tillandsia recurvata Beech Haya Fagus spp. Birch Abedul Betula spp. Black cherry Cerezo Prunus serotina Black locust Algarrobo Robinia pseudoacacia Boxelder Negundo Acer negundo Buckeye Castaño de Indias Aesculus spp. Buckthorn Rhamnus Rhamnus spp. Bumelia Coma Bumelia spp. Catalpa Catalpa Catalpa spp. Catclaw acacia Uña de gato Acacia greggii Cedar Cedro Cedrus spp. Chestnut Castaño Castanea spp. Chinaberry Canelo, lila de China, paraiso, jaboncillo Melia azedarach Common apple Manzano Malus x domestica Common edible fig Higo Ficus carica Common olive Olivo Olea europaea Cottonwood/aspen Álamo/ álamo temblón Populus spp. Crape myrtle Crespón, reina de las flores Langerstroemia spp. Cypress Ciprés Cupressus spp. Desert willow Flor de mimbre Chilopsis linearis Dogwood Cornejo Cornus spp. Eastern red cedar Cedro rojo, enebro Juniperus virginiana Ebony Ébano Diospyros spp. Elm Olmo Ulmus spp. Eucalyptus Eucalipto Eucalyptus spp. Evergreen sumac Lantrisco, lentisco Rhus sempervirens Filbert nut tree Avellano Corylus avellana Fir Abeto Abies spp. Ginkgo, maidenhair Gingo Ginkgo biloba Grape Parra, uva Vitis spp. Hackberry Palo blanco Celtis spp. Hemlock Cicuta Tsuga spp. Hickory Nogal americano Carya spp. Holly Acebo Ilex spp. Juniper Enebro Juniperus spp. Larch Alerce Larix spp. Leadtree Tepeguaje Leucaena spp. Live oak Encino, tesmoli, texmol Quercus virginiana Loquat Níspero Eriobotrya japonica Madrone Madroño Arbutus spp. Magnolia Palo de cacique, magnolio Magnolia grandiflora Mahogany Caoba Swietenia spp. -
Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Order Metzgeriales: Aneuraceae
Glime, J. M. 2021. Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Order Metzgeriales: Aneuraceae. Chapt. 1-11. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte 1-11-1 Ecology. Volume 4. Habitat and Role. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 11 April 2021 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 1-11: AQUATIC AND WET MARCHANTIOPHYTA, ORDER METZGERIALES: ANEURACEAE TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBCLASS METZGERIIDAE ........................................................................................................................................... 1-11-2 Order Metzgeriales............................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-2 Aneuraceae ................................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-2 Aneura .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-2 Aneura maxima ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-11-2 Aneura mirabilis .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-7 Aneura pinguis .......................................................................................................................................................... -
ISB: Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
Longleaf Pine Preserve Plant List Acanthaceae Asteraceae Wild Petunia Ruellia caroliniensis White Aster Aster sp. Saltbush Baccharis halimifolia Adoxaceae Begger-ticks Bidens mitis Walter's Viburnum Viburnum obovatum Deer Tongue Carphephorus paniculatus Pineland Daisy Chaptalia tomentosa Alismataceae Goldenaster Chrysopsis gossypina Duck Potato Sagittaria latifolia Cow Thistle Cirsium horridulum Tickseed Coreopsis leavenworthii Altingiaceae Elephant's foot Elephantopus elatus Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Oakleaf Fleabane Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus Fleabane Erigeron sp. Amaryllidaceae Prairie Fleabane Erigeron strigosus Simpson's rain lily Zephyranthes simpsonii Fleabane Erigeron vernus Dog Fennel Eupatorium capillifolium Anacardiaceae Dog Fennel Eupatorium compositifolium Winged Sumac Rhus copallinum Dog Fennel Eupatorium spp. Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans Slender Flattop Goldenrod Euthamia caroliniana Flat-topped goldenrod Euthamia minor Annonaceae Cudweed Gamochaeta antillana Flag Pawpaw Asimina obovata Sneezeweed Helenium pinnatifidum Dwarf Pawpaw Asimina pygmea Blazing Star Liatris sp. Pawpaw Asimina reticulata Roserush Lygodesmia aphylla Rugel's pawpaw Deeringothamnus rugelii Hempweed Mikania cordifolia White Topped Aster Oclemena reticulata Apiaceae Goldenaster Pityopsis graminifolia Button Rattlesnake Master Eryngium yuccifolium Rosy Camphorweed Pluchea rosea Dollarweed Hydrocotyle sp. Pluchea Pluchea spp. Mock Bishopweed Ptilimnium capillaceum Rabbit Tobacco Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium Blackroot Pterocaulon virgatum -
Tillandsia Recurvata Is the Most Wide
ZLATKO JANEBA Tillandsia recurvata illandsia recurvata is the most wide- even known to grow on roofs and power lines. spread bromeliad. It occurs in the T. recurvata is the type species of subgenus Dia- southern US, where it stretches phoranthema, which contains some 30 variable and from Florida all the way to Arizo- mostly miniature species that have small, incon- na, and as far south as as Argenti- spicuous flowers. Members of Diaphoranthema are na and Chile. It grows epiphytical- common and locally abundant in South Ameri- ly on trees, bushes, and cacti or as ca, with a distribution centered in Argentina and a petrophyte on rocky cliffs. It is Bolivia. Only two species reach North America: T. recurvata (aka Small Ballmoss) was found growing close to the ground on the side of the barrel cactus Echinocactus platyacanthus near La Ascención, Nuevo León, Mexico (right). More often, T. recurvata is spotted (right) clinging to the bark of pine trees (Pinus johannis and Pinus arizonica var stormiae), as seen here at a Tspot between Santa Lucia and El Pinito, Nuevo León. 2 CACTUS AND SUCCULENT JOURNAL T. recurvata, sometimes called Small Ballmoss, and Tillandsia species, such as T. capillaris, T. croca- T. usneoides, the well known Spanish Moss. ta, and T. mallemontii, which are found in simi- Polyploidy, the condition wherein a plant con- lar habitats but which have different flower char- tains more than one set of chromosomes in its acteristics. cells, is common in this subgenus. Normally we T. recurvata was described by Carl Linnaeus think of polyploidy resulting in larger-than-nor- as Renealmia recurvata in 1753, the same year mal plants, but these bromeliads tend to be quite that he erected the genus Tillandsia. -
Spanish Moss Management Kelby Fite, Phd, Plant & Environmental Science
RESEARCH LABORATORY TECHNICAL REPORT Spanish Moss Management Kelby Fite, PhD, Plant & Environmental Science Spanish moss is a signature plant of the coastal Southeast and Gulf States. The long, slender grayish growth is frequently found on live oaks (Figure 1) and bald cypress, but many other tree species will support this plant. This plant is generally considered desirable and part of the charm of the landscape of the coastal Southeast. Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is not a moss or a Spanish moss is not parasitic to trees that support its lichen at all but an epiphyte, or “air plant” in the growth. Instead, it derives nutrients and water from bromeliad family which also includes pineapple. This rainfall and produces its own food from plant consists of slender stems with scalelike leaves photosynthesis like other green plants. In some and air roots (Figure 2). Tillandsia produces instances, Tillandsia can become so dense that it inconspicuous flowers and seed that are reponsible for shades out foliage on its host which can weaken the dispersal. Spanish moss also is spread when small tree. It can also add considerable weight and wind fragments are blown by wind or carried by animals, resistance to branches increasing the risk of storm especially birds that use the plant for nests. damage in hurricane-prone coastal areas. Figure 1: Dense accumulation of Spanish moss in Management branches of live oak Management of Spanish moss is only required when it has become so dense that it is shading out the foliage of the support plant or could increase the risk of damage during storms. -
Bald Cypress & Dawn Redwood
Bald Cypress & Dawn Redwood: Deciduous Conifers and Newcomers to the Urban Landscape By: Dan Petters University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources Urban Forestry Outreach Research and Extension Lab and Nursery February, 2020 Many Minnesotans are already familiar with one type of deciduous conifer: our native tamarack (Larix laricina). Those deciduous conifers are fairly unique and relatively uncommon. They have both needle-like leaves and seeds contained in some sort of cone, but also drop their needles annually with the changing seasons. Tamaracks are often found growing in bogs or other acidic, lowland or wet sites, as well as many upland sites, and have clustered tufts of soft needles that turn yellow and are shed annually. Though, aside from our native, a couple other deciduous conifers of the Cupressaceae family have begun to make an appearance in urban and garden landscapes over the last several decades: dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) and bald cypress (Taxodium distichum). Dawn redwood bark and form -- John Ruter, A couple of factors have made the introduction of these two species University of Georgia, possible. Dawn redwood was thought to be extinct until the 1940s, but the Bugwood.org discovery of some isolated pockets in China made the distribution of seeds and introduction of the tree possible worldwide. Bald cypress is native to much of the southeastern US, growing in a variety of sites including standing water. Historically, this tree would not have been able to survive the harshest winters this far north, but the warming Minnesota climate over the last several decades has allowed bald cypress to succeed in a variety of plantings. -
Spanish Moss, Ball Moss, and Lichens - Harmless Epiphytes 1 Joe Sewards and Sydney Park Brown2
ENH1224 Spanish Moss, Ball Moss, and Lichens - Harmless Epiphytes 1 Joe Sewards and Sydney Park Brown2 Epiphytes are “air” plants that survive on moisture and Despite their common names, Spanish moss (Tillandsia nutrients in the atmosphere. Several epiphytic plants, like usneoides) and ball moss (Tillandsia recurvata) are not Spanish moss, ball moss, and lichen, are common to the mosses, but members of the Bromeliad family. Spanish Florida landscape and southeast United States. People moss (Figure 1) is easily recognizable by its pendant unfamiliar with epiphytes sometimes worry that they may strands. Ball moss (Figure 2) is a small, tufted, gray-green injure the plants they perch in. Epiphytes attach themselves plant. Both prefer high light and will therefore thrive on to plants, but they do not harm the plants, unlike mistletoe, weak or dead trees that have lost their leaves. Their pres- a plant parasite. Without soil as a source of nutrients, ence on dead or dying trees does not implicate them as the epiphytic plants have evolved the capacity to obtain miner- cause of the plant’s deterioration, however. Sick or dead als dissolved in water that flows across leaves and down host trees likely succumbed to soil compaction, altered branches. drainage, disease, or other problems that can compromise plant health. Spanish moss may speed the decline of failing While epiphytes may grow on wires, fences and other trees. This is because branches heavily laden with Spanish non-living structures, they are particularly well-adapted to moss may shade lower leaves, intercepting light needed well-lit, moist habitats commonly found near rivers, ponds for photosynthesis, and sometimes concealing structural and lakes. -
Ohio Mosses, Bryales* Nellie F
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. XXVII JANUARY, 1927 No. 1 OHIO MOSSES, BRYALES* NELLIE F. HENDERSON East High School, Columbus, Ohio The present paper is a continuation of the study of the mosses of Ohio. The method of procedure and nomenclature used is the same as in the report on the Polytrichales. BRYALES. Hermaphroditic or unisexual mosses with archegonia situated at the tip of the main stalks and of ordinary branches. Gametophores usually erect, varying widely in vegetative characters. Scales from broad ovate to setaceous. Sporangium with a definite columnella; peristome double, developed from the ampithecium and derived from the cell walls of a single layer of cells; outer teeth thin, transversely barred, the plates of the outer sides of the segments mostly in two rows separated by a median zig-zag line; the inner teeth membraneous, sometimes lacking; sporangium rarely without a peristome. SYNOPSIS OF THE ORDER. I. Teeth of the endostome, when present, alternating with those of the exostome. A. Sporangium regular, erect. ORTHOTRiCHiACEiE B. Sporangium elongated or pear-shaped, often with a neck-like hypophysis. 1. Inner peristome with keeled segments, with inner cilia often present. a. Sporangium only slightly or not at all zygomorphic, often pendent; hypophysis short or forming a long neck; inner peristome mostly with well-developed cilia BRYACE^E b. Sporangium decidedly zygomorphic, arcuate, long-necked; inner peristome without intermediate cilia MEESIACE^E 2. Inner peristome with basal membrane bearing cilia only, in twos or fours TIMMIACEJE C. Sporangium more or less globose, without a neck-like hypophysis; inner peristome without cilia or with cilia little developed. -
Snave B Each Lichen & Tree
Ellen Ellen Hutchins IRELAND’S FIRST FEMALE BOTANIST IRELAND’S FIRSTFEMALEBOTANIST Snave Beach Lichen & Tree micro-nature trail What do you need for this micro trail? Snave Beach micro-nature trail: lichens and trees Suitable clothing and stout A micro-nature trail for this unassuming section of coastline, typical of West Cork, is footwear. Viewing with x10 or x20 loupes or hand lenses will add to being developed to demonstrate the diversity of tree and lichen botany present. the detail you can see while Caution This micro-nature trail is a kind of nature trail in which there are sequential stops examining trees and species This walk can only be at trees, rock outcrops and other individual features of lichen botany interest along of note. done at low tide as much of the area is covered at high tide. the route. The interpretative information is prompted by the species living at each Rocks may be slippery underfoot. station, and what we would tell you in person if you were with us on a walk to The trees along the edge of the shore demonstrate the beauty of the microscopic life that can be viewed along Snave Beach. have low branches, so general care is advised along the trail. This micro-nature trail gives a flavour of the lichen flora present, but there is much still to be discovered even on this small stretch of beach. Visitors are encouraged to harness their new-found knowledge of the lichen botany to add original observations to enhance their experience of the trail. Glengarriff Snave Location: Snave Beach where the Ballylickey Coomhola River reaches the sea between Ballylickey and Glengarriff, Co Cork. -
The Ulota Crispa Group in Britain and Ireland, with Notes on Other Species of the Genus
Article The Ulota crispa group in Britain and Ireland Diagnostic characters in the genus Ulota In other species the base is only weakly concave The Ulota crispa group in and it narrows gradually to the lamina (Fig. 3). 1. Leaves This character is important in separating the Leaf characters are of limited value in identifying species of the U. crispa group. The first type Britain and Ireland, with notes Ulota species, but with two notable exceptions. (concave and abruptly narrowed) is found in U. crispa s.str. and U. intermedia, the second type 1.1 Marginal leaf cells above the base. In Ulota in U. crispula. However the difference is not on other species of the genus calvescens there is a band of elongate cells inside always completely clear-cut, and in such cases it the margin of the leaf that reaches some distance is important to check several mature leaves from Tom Blockeel introduces some newly recognised species of Ulota and above the base, up to mid-leaf or thereabouts more than one shoot. discusses the identification of species in this fascinating genus when well-developed (Fig. 1). It varies in its development from leaf to leaf, even on different lota crispa has been a problematic species a variable species, but recently bryologists in sides of the same leaf, but is always distinct and since the earliest days of European Spain have studied it in detail, using both obvious in most leaves. Among our other Ulota bryology. In Britain and Ireland the morphological and molecular techniques. They species, only U.