SÃO PAULO RESEARCH FOUNDATION PAULO SÃO ANNUAL REPORT FAPESP REPORT ANNUAL 2019
ANNUAL REPORT FAPESP 2019 o Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Econômic Rua Pio XI, 1500 – Alto da Lapa 1500 – Alto XI, Rua Pio CEP 05468-901 – São Paulo, SP São – Paulo, CEP 05468-901 SÃO PAULO RESEARCH FOUNDATION PAULO SÃO www.fapesp.br/en o Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Econômic ANNUAL REPORT FAPESP 2019
SÃO PAULO RESEARCH FOUNDATION FAPESP 2019
YEAR 2019 YEAR 2020
SÃO PAULO STATE GOVERNOR SÃO PAULO STATE GOVERNOR João Doria João Doria
SECRETARY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SCIENCE SECRETARY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY Patricia Ellen da Silva Patricia Ellen da Silva
SÃO PAULO RESEARCH FOUNDATION SÃO PAULO RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PRESIDENT PRESIDENT Marco Antonio Zago Marco Antonio Zago
VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT Eduardo Moacyr Krieger (until August 29th) Ronaldo Aloise Pilli Ronaldo Aloise Pilli (since October 11thx) BOARD OF TRUSTEES BOARD OF TRUSTEES Carmino Antonio de Souza Carmino Antonio de Souza Helena Nader (since February 5th) Eduardo Moacyr Krieger (until August 29th) Ignácio Maria Poveda Velasco Ignácio Maria Poveda Velasco João Fernando Gomes de Oliveira João Fernando Gomes de Oliveira Liedi Legi Bariani Bernucci José de Souza Martins (until August 29th) Marco Antonio Zago Liedi Legi Bariani Bernucci Mayana Zatz Marco Antonio Zago Mozart Neves Ramos Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge (until December, 11th) Pedro Luiz Barreiros Passos Mayana Zatz (since August 31th) Pedro Wongtschowski Mozart Neves Ramos (since August 31th) Ronaldo Aloise Pilli Pedro Luiz Barreiros Passos Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Pedro Wongtschowski Ronaldo Aloise Pilli EXECUTIVE BOARD Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR EXECUTIVE BOARD Carlos Américo Pacheco
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR Carlos Américo Pacheco Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz (until April 26th) Luiz Eugênio Mello (since April 27th) SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTOR Fernando Menezes de Almeida ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTOR Fernando Menezes de Almeida
2 ANNUAL REPORT FAPESP 2019
INTRODUCTION
he São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) is pleased to present to society and its partners this Annual Report summarizing its results in 2019 and reiterating its commitment to promoting the scientific and technological development of São Paulo State. TAlthough 2019 was a year of instability for research funding in Brazil, FAPESP met the demands of São Paulo State’s scientific community and expanded its strategic programs, thanks to the central role attributed to science and technology by the state government and its commitment to guaranteeing that FAPESP – and the state-run universities – receive the funding determined by the state constitution and the law assuring the autonomy of São Paulo’s public universities. In 2019, FAPESP disbursed 558.050 million purchasing power parity dollars ($PPP) to support 24,806 research projects by awarding scholarships/fellowships and grants in all knowledge areas. These two types of funding cover the entire knowledge chain and are oriented by action lines approved by the Board of Trustees relating to the training of human resources for scientific and technological development, research for knowledge advancement, research for innovation, research on strategic themes, support for infrastructure, and knowledge diffusion. In the training of human resources for research, FAPESP awarded 3,921 scholarships/fellowships, of which 2,995 were newly granted in Brazil and 926 abroad, ranging from scientific initiation to postdoctoral research. It is important to note FAPESP’s role in training highly qualified professionals in science, technology and innovation (ST&I), one of the pillars of development in the state, which currently has some 77,000 researchers, mostly employed by industrial and other firms. Support for research to advance knowledge translates into ambitious long-term projects, such as Thematic Projects and Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers (RIDCs), as well as short-term projects such as those funded by regular grants. Some discoveries and noteworthy scientific and technological innovation activities at the knowledge frontier performed by these centers and resulting from these projects were highlighted in the domestic and foreign media. In addition to knowledge areas in natural sciences, engineering, mathematics and health sciences, FAPESP supports significant projects in the humanities and applied social sciences. To foster innovation, FAPESP stimulates collaborative research between universities and business organizations through initiatives such as Engineering Research Centers (ERCs) and Applied Research Centers (ARCs), and its Research Partnership for Technological Innovation Program (PITE), as well as directly supporting startups and innovative small firms through its Innovative Research in Small Business Program (PIPE).
5 FAPESP 2019
FAPESP also encourages research on strategic themes through specific programs on Bioenergy (BIOEN), Biodiversity (BIOTA) and Climate Change, among others. It continues to be one of the foremost funders of research in and on the Amazon. It also funds research infrastructure modernization in universities and laboratories. It consistently stimulates the sharing of research facilities and equipment, and the sharing of the results of research conducted at universities and research institutions with the general public, contributing to scientific knowledge diffusion and helping to make science and technology more important to ordinary citizens in their day-to-day lives. All supported projects are subjected to a rigorous merit assessment that involves the Scientific Directorate and more than 9,000 ad hoc reviewers, who issued 23,000 expert opinions in the period. To enhance the peer-review system and make it more agile, in 2019 FAPESP began a pilot project that uses artificial intelligence to select ad hoc reviewers. The new system identifies keywords in research proposals, such as terms referring to knowledge areas or reviewers’ previous assessments, for example, and suggests a ranked list of possible reviewers of each proposal for selection by Area Panels. The plan is to integrate this model with FAPESP’s Management Support System (SAGe) in 2020. Besides the resulting administrative simplification, this approach will extend the spectrum of reviewers by including younger researchers in the assessment process. In 2019 FAPESP continued to evaluate the scientific, social and economic impact of its programs with a view to adjusting its funding policy. The evaluations completed to date cover international cooperation agreements, scientific initiation, master’s and PhD scholarships/fellowships, the PIPE Program, the BIOTA-FAPESP Program, the Multi-User Equipment Program, the Young Investigator Program, the PITE Program, and the Public Policy Research Program. The evaluations now involve detailed questionnaires for funded researchers and institutions to answer as well as control groups comprising proponents not awarded grants or scholarships/fellowships. The highlights of 2019 include the establishment of three new ERCs in partnership with Equinor, Koppert do Brasil and Grupo São Martinho, hosted by the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), the University of São Paulo’s Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ-USP) and São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Jaboticabal respectively. Investment in these three ERCs is set to reach $PPP 59.3 million in the next five years, to fund research on oil reservoir and production management, biological control in agriculture, and control of sugarcane pests and diseases. Funds will be disbursed by FAPESP and the partner companies, with the host institutions also contributing economic and financial resources. Seven ERCs were already up and running in 2019. They were established under the aegis of agreements with five companies: GlaxoSmithKlein, Natura, Peugeot-Citroën, EMBRAPA, and Shell. In the period covered by the agreements they will receive funding on the order of $PPP 32.3 million to support research in equally strategic areas. This shared funding model, which leverages resources for research and to boost São Paulo’s technological development, is also used by the PITE Program. In 2019, five companies – Agilent,
6 INTRODUCTION
Fundação Grupo Boticário, IBM Brazil, Microsoft and SABESP – transferred a total of $PPP 665,700 to FAPESP to support projects via co-funding agreements. In 2019, FAPESP continued working to improve the quality of research conducted in São Paulo by encouraging international cooperation. It partners with 188 foreign organizations for this purpose. In 2019, it issued 34 joint calls for proposals with 28 of them, as well as holding two editions of FAPESP Week, in London (UK) and Lyon and Paris (France). Close cooperation between FAPESP and international organizations was fundamental for São Paulo to host the 8th Annual Meeting of the Global Research Council (GRC) in 2019. Organized jointly by FAPESP, Argentina’s National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET) and the German Research Foundation (DFG), the first GRC annual meeting to take place in Brazil assembled funding agency heads from 50 countries on every continent. The discussions focused on a strategic issue for funders: the growing expectation among governments and public fund managers that greater emphasis should be placed on the economic and societal impact of scientific research when deciding whether to select projects for support. The economic and societal impact of FAPESP’s initiatives is evidenced by the growing visibility of the science and technology produced in São Paulo. In 2019, there were 32,000 references to projects supported by FAPESP in the Brazilian and foreign media, for a 58% increase compared with 2018, and its online platforms recorded 14.6 million page views. Science dissemination and diffusion are part of FAPESP’s mission, realized by continuous publication of the magazine Pesquisa FAPESP, the activities of its news agency Agência FAPESP, and its Innovative R&D newsletters, as well as partnerships with media outlets such as Roberto Marinho Foundation’s Futura Channel, for which it produces a series on “Science for Everyone”. This foundation and FAPESP joined forces with the São Paulo State Department of Education to hold a science competition for high school students. The results presented in this report confirm the increasingly important part played by FAPESP in funding research at home and abroad, while also demonstrating the growing leadership of São Paulo’s researchers in global scientific production.
Professor Marco Antonio Zago President, FAPESP
7 FAPESP 2019
ABOUT THIS REPORT
his annual report on FAPESP’s activities in 2019 details the results of the its investment in scientific and technological research using funds transferred by a constitutional mandate from the São Paulo State Treasury, and from Tother sources. It highlights FAPESP’s contributions to the advancement of science and innovation in São Paulo and its impact on solutions to economic and social challenges. The main funding instruments are scholarships/fellowships and research grants awarded to further six funding strategies: 1) Training of Human Resources for S&T; 2) Basic and Applied Research (Research for Knowledge Advancement); 3) Research for Innovation; 4) Research on Strategic Themes; 5) Support for Research Infrastructure; and 6) Communicating Science to the Public (Knowledge Diffusion). Clarifying the content of these six strategies, they can be said to translate respectively into: 1) scholarships/fellowships in Brazil and abroad to support the training of human resources for academic and technological research; 2) support for long-term research and regular research grants; 3) research in partnership with companies; 4) strategic projects in areas such as biodiversity, bioenergy, climate change, and public policy; 5) support for modernization and conservation of research installations; and 6) dissemination and diffusion of scientific and technological research findings. The indicators of the results of funding instruments are: amounts disbursed, numbers of active projects, and numbers of projects contracted from January to December. These results are presented in the report in connection with the funding strategies. The classification of funding instruments – scholarships/fellowships and research grants – by funding strategy provides insight into to the objectives of FAPESP’s investment in research because it accounts for all types of funding lines and distinguishes among support for long- and short-term research projects, support for projects selected in calls for proposals and for projects submitted spontaneously, support for human resource training, support for scientific exchange, and support for research infrastructure, among others.
HOW THE REPORT IS STRUCTURED
SÃO PAULO ST&I SYSTEM: Presentation of indicators for São Paulo State’s Science, Technology & Innovation (ST&I) System, to give readers context on the state’s
8 ABOUT THIS REPORT
importance to scientific and technological development in Brazil. FAPESP HIGHLIGHTS 2019: An overview of FAPESP’s key indicators for the year, as detailed in the rest of the report, and examples of scientific research projects that were conducted in the period and stand out for their quality and relevance. CHAPTER 1 – THE INSTITUTION: A description of FAPESP’s governance, how it assesses and selects research proposals, the number of projects funded since 1962, and the number of reviewers and expert opinions issued by them. CHAPTER 2 – GENERAL INDICATORS: Information on the composition of FAPESP’s income, the annual change in total disbursement since 2013, and indicators of disbursement, active projects and projects contracted for during the year, organized by funding strategy, major knowledge area, institution, and scholarships/fellowships or research grants pertaining to each strategy. The tables include time series for the years 2013-2019 showing total disbursement on each funding strategy, and total projects contracted for and disbursement on scholarships/fellowships and research grants.
Indicators by Funding Strategy – data grouped by the classifications that orient FAPESP’s investment: 1) Training of Human Resources for S&T; 2) Basic and Applied Research (Research for Knowledge Advancement); 3) Research for Innovation; 4) Research on Strategic Themes; 5) Support for Research Infrastructure; 6) Communicating Science to the Public (Diffusion of Scientific Knowledge, Mapping of Research Units in São Paulo State, and Studies of the General Condition of Research in São Paulo State).
Indicators by Major Knowledge Area – data grouping: 1) Life Sciences (Health, Biology, Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine); 2) Natural Sciences and Engineering (Astronomy and Space Sciences, Physics, Engineering, Geoscience, Chemistry, Mathematics and Statistics, Computer Science, Computer Engineering); 3) Human Sciences and Social Sciences (Human and Social Sciences, Economics and Management, Architecture and Urbanism); 4) Interdisciplinary.
9 FAPESP 2019
Indicators by Institution – data presented in accordance with the principal investigator’s institutional affiliation, including USP, UNICAMP, UNESP, other state institutions, federal institutions, private institutions, companies, scientific associations and societies, among others. CHAPTER 3 – FUNDING STRATEGIES: Information on the programs covered by the six research strategies, with tables showing disbursement, active projects, projects contracted during the year, and examples of outstanding achievements and research results. 1) Training of Human Resources for S&T: Regular scholarships/fellowships in Brazil and abroad not associated with grants. The funding lines are detailed in the tables. 2) Basic and Applied Research (Research for Knowledge Advancement): Long- term research supported by FAPESP via Thematic Projects, Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers (RIDCs), Young Investigator awards, São Paulo Excellence Chair (SPEC), Special Projects (with the respective funding lines described in the tables), and Regular Grants not associated with other projects or programs, supporting short-term research, participation in or organization of scientific meetings, visiting researchers, and publication of books and articles, among others. 3) Research for Innovation: Research projects conducted in partnership with companies funded under the PITE and ERC/ARC programs, small business innovation projects (PIPE program) and funding lines detailed in the tables. 4) Research on Strategic Themes: Several programs with different focuses: biodiversity (BIOTA), bioenergy (BIOEN), global climate change (RPGCC), eScience & Data Science, public policies (PPP), health public policies (PP-SUS), public education (EP), modernization of São Paulo’s research institutions, and associated funding lines, as detailed in the tables. 5) Support for Research Infrastructure: Multi-user Equipment, Equipment Repair, ANSP Network, Books (FAP-Livros), Overhead for Program Coordination, Overhead for Institutional Research Infrastructure, and Overhead for ANSP Network Connectivity. 6) Communicating Science to the Public (Diffusion of Scientific Knowledge, Mapping of Research Units in São Paulo State, and Studies of the General Condition of Research in São Paulo State): Activities involving science dissemination and diffusion, evaluation of the results of support for scientific and technological development, mapping of research units, and assessment of the overall status of research in São Paulo State.
10 ABOUT THIS REPORT
CHAPTER 4 – OVERVIEW OF SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS: Amount disbursed and total numbers of awards contracted for in all funding lines. CHAPTER 5 – COLLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING IN RESEARCH: How FAPESP promotes collaborative research and seeks co-funding for research; investments made during the year; partnerships with funding agencies, academic institutions and companies during the period. CAPÍTULO 6 – APPENDIX: A list of tables and figures in this report.
11 FAPESP 2019
SUMMARY
15 SÃO PAULO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION SYSTEM – 2019 21 FAPESP 2019 HIGHLIGHTS
CHAPTER 1 – THE INSTITUTION 31 32 About FAPESP 33 Governance 34 Proposal selection 36 Evaluation of FAPESP's programs
CHAPTER 2 – GENERAL INDICATORS 39 40 Income in 2019 40 Disbursement for research funding 41 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted – 2019 - By Funding Strategies - By Major Knowledge Areas - By Institutions 42 - By Scholarships/Fellowships and Grants by Funding Strategies 44 Annual Evolution of Disbursement – 2013 to 2019 - By Funding Strategies - By Types of Scholarships/Fellowships and Grants 45 Annual Evolution of the number of projects contracted – 2013 to 2019 - By Funding Strategies - By Types of Scholarships/Fellowships and Grants
12 SUMMARY
CHAPTER 3 – FUNDING STRATEGIES 47 48 Training of Human Resources for Research 54 Basic and Applied Research: Long-term research and Regular Grants not associated to other grants 73 Research for Innovation 88 Research on Strategic Themes 96 Support for Research Infrastructure 98 Communicating Science to the Public
CHAPTER 4 – OVERVIEW OF FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS 109 Disbursement and number of projects
CHAPTER 5 – PARTNERSHIPS FOR RESEARCH COLLABORATION 115 AND CO-FUNDING 117 Institutional funding instruments 118 Partnerships with higher education and research institutions 119 Research funding agencies 121 Companies 123 Most frequent destinations and origins of scholarship/fellowship awardees 123 FAPESP Week 124 Map of cooperation with funding agencies and academic organizations 128 Map of cooperation with companies
CHAPTER 6 – APPENDIX 131 132 List of tables and charts in the report
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São Paulo State Science, Technology & Innovation System 2019
Institutions Researchers and R&D Personnel Funding by FAPESP Scientific Publications Intellectual Property
15 FAPESP 2019
SÃO PAULO ST&I 2019 SYSTEM
40 12,831 7 12,831 Healthcare institutions Innovative companies with R&D T N CO E M Of these, M P N A 3,420 with 33 R N I Research E E in-house R&D V S institutes O G São Paulo
ST&I 2019
H
I
G
System H S
E T
I
R
F
17 54 E O
D
Research R Private HEIs
P U
N C
A institutes O
T N
I
O N 19 public: 7 13 academic, Healthcare institutions 2 technological, with R&D 4 university hospitals 24 73
RESEARCHERS AND OTHER R&D PROFESSIONALS IN SÃO PAULO STATE, BY EXECUTION SECTOR – 2018 (full-time equivalent – FTE)
Higher Execution sector Government education Nonprofit Companies Total Companies Government Researchers 2,173 8,529 1,181 31,398 43,281 54.0% 6.3%
PhD candidates and 483 19,818 210 ... 20,511 postdoc scholars Other professionals 1,039 ... 388 6,527 7,954 with tertiary degrees R&D PERSONNEL Technicians 1,151 ... 421 3,662 5,234 BY EXECUTION Total 4,846 28,347 2,200 41.587 76,980 SECTOR (IN %) – 6.3% 36.8% 2.9% 54.0% 100% SÃO PAULO STATE, 2018 Source: Researchers, other professionals with tertiary degrees and technicians in companies – IBGE, Industrial Survey of Technological Innovation (Pintec 2017); other sectors – FAPESP, primary survey. PhD candidates – CAPES, Sistema Sucupira, Discentes. Postdoc scholars - CAPES, CNPq, FAPESP. Execution sectors according to Frascati Manual (OECD). Higher Education Nonprofits 36.8% 2.9%
16 2019 SÃO PAULO ST&I SYSTEM
FUNDING BY FAPESP (2019) BY EXECUTION SECTOR (in $ PPP)
Execution sector(1) 2018 2019 Government 35,086,912 48,895,651 Higher education 445,577,104 453,915,453 Nonprofits 19,613,398 13,327,032 Companies 39,378,261 39,939,499 Total 538,655,677 556,077,635
Source: FAPESP, Indicators (GEI). Note: (1) Execution sectors according to Frascati Manual (OECD).
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS BY INSTITUTIONS BASED PUBLICATIONS CO-AUTHORED BY RESEARCHERS IN SÃO PAULO STATE (at least 100 publications in 2018) FROM SÃO PAULO STATE AND OTHER COUNTRIES
Variation Var (%) Var. (%) Institutions 2008 2018 País 2008 2017 2018 (%) 2008-2018 2017-2018
Brazil 33,127 59,570 80 Total SP 15,325 23,744 24,752 62 4.2
São Paulo 15,325 24,752 62 United States 1,513 4,144 4,475 196 8.0
USP 7,677 11,777 53 United UNESP 2,604 4,518 74 Kingdom 445 1,819 1,992 348 9.5
UNICAMP 2,700 4,207 56 Germany 443 1,374 1,568 254 14.1
UNIFESP 1,320 2,032 54 France 432 1,444 1,625 276 12.5
UFSCAR 819 1,506 84 Spain 297 1,479 1,488 401 0.6
UFABC 172 569 231 Italy 266 1,237 1,344 405 8.6
INPE 317 375 18 Portugal 318 1,039 1,027 223 -1.2
Albert Einstein Hospital 92 332 261 Canada 180 922 1,070 494 16.1
CTA 198 325 64 Australia 122 818 997 717 21.9
ITA 165 322 95 China 178 762 800 349 5.0
CNPEM 84 313 273 Switzerland 118 624 690 485 10.6
Butantan Institute 193 231 20 Netherlands 95 778 871 817 12.0
UNINOVE 32 229 616 India 135 561 639 373 13.9 IPEN 257 225 -12 Japan 128 609 648 406 6.4 Federal Inst. of SP 4 178 4350 Colombia 77 587 624 710 6.3 A.C. Camargo 75 164 119 Sweden 56 568 624 1014 9.9 UNIP 26 156 500 Belgium 147 591 620 322 4.9 IAC 162 147 -9 Poland 41 501 588 1334 17.4 FGV-SP 13 147 1031 Russia 151 556 643 326 15.6 Fac. Medicina ABC 33 133 303 Austria 86 494 554 544 12.1 Botanichal Institute 87 122 40 Source: Incites/Web of Science/Clarivate. Sírio-Libanês Hospital 38 118 211 Note: Covers only scientific publications classified by Web of Science Adolfo Lutz Institute 106 111 5 as Articles, Proceeding Papers and Reviews. Updated on June 30, 2020, including data indexed on Web of Science to May 30, 2020.
17 FAPESP 2019
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
PROPORTION OF PUBLICATIONS WITH INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION Three-year moving average
% 60
50 United Kingdom
Spain
South Africa
40 Argentina
São Paulo
Brazil
30 South Korea
Russia
China
20 Mundial total
India
10 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 to 2008 to 2009 to 2010 to 2011 to 2012 to 2013 to 2014 to 2015 to 2016 to 2017 to 2018
Source: Incites/Web of Science/Clarivate, data downloaded on July 6, 2020. Types of document: Article, Proceeding Paper, Review. Methodology for countries/states: percentage of publications with authors in country/state and co-authors in other countries. Methodology for world total: percentage of all publications with authors in at least two countries.
RELATIVE IMPACT (CITATIONS) NORMALIZED BY CATEGORY Three-year moving average
1,6
1,4 United Kingdom
Spain
1,2 South Africa
China
South Korea
1,0 São Paulo
Mundial average
Argentina
0,8 Brazil
India
Russia 0,6
0,4 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 to 2008 to 2009 to 2010 to 2011 to 2012 to 2013 to 2014 to 2015 to 2016 to 2017 to 2018
Source: Incites/Web of Science/Clarivate, data downloaded on July 6, 2020. Types of document: Article, Proceeding Paper, Review. Methodology: number of citations per publication normalized by knowledge area, year and world average.
18 2019 SÃO PAULO ST&I SYSTEM
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
PERCENTAGE OF PUBLICATIONS AMONG 10% MOST CITED Three-year moving average
18
16 United Kingdom
14 Spain
China
12 South Africa
Mundial average
10 South Korea
São Paulo
8 India
Argentina
6 Brazil
Russia 4
2 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 to 2008 to 2009 to 2010 to 2011 to 2012 to 2013 to 2014 to 2015 to 2016 to 2017 to 2018
Source: Incites/Web of Science/Clarivate, data downloaded on July 6, 2020. Types of document: Article, Proceeding Paper, Review. Metodology: percentage of publications by country/state among 10% most cited (normalized by world average = 10%).
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
INVENTION PATENT APPLICATIONS FILED WITH INPI BY LEGAL ENTITIES RESIDENT IN SÃO PAULO, BY TYPE OF APPLICANT São Paulo, 2019
Companies Higher Education 68.9% 25.4%
Source: INPI, BADEPI 7.0. Government Note: First applicant only for filings 2.1% with more than one applicant. Types of applicant correspond to execution sector defined by Frascati Manual (OECD): company; higher education Nonprofits institution; government; nonprofit. Technical schools and Sistema S 3.6% (SENAI, SESC, SESI, SENAC) classed as HEIs.
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FAPESP HIGHLIGHTS 2019
Research Funding Strategies Disbursement for Research Funding Strategy Projects submitted, projects approved, proposal selection Internacional cooperation Special actions in 2019 Media coverage of FAPESP Examples of projects funded in 2019
21 FAPESP 2019
RESEARCH FUNDING STRATEGIES
FAPESP’s support for scientific and technological development in São Paulo State is oriented by six funding strategies, described below:
TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH
Regular scholarships/fellowships for undergraduate and graduate students in Brazil and abroad, not associated with other research grants. In Brazil: Scientific Initiation, Master’s, PhD, Direct Doctorate, Postdoc. Abroad: Research Fellowship Abroad (RFA), postdoc level; Research Internship Abroad (RIA), funding research conducted abroad while a scholarship/fellowship is in progress in Brazil.
BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
Long term: Support for basic and applied research via Thematic Projects, Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers (RIDCs), Young Investigator awards, São Paulo Excellence Chair (SPEC), Special Projects, and associated scholarships/fellowships and grants. Short term: Support for basic and applied research via Regular Research Grants and associated scholarships/fellowships, regular grants for visiting researchers from abroad, scientific publications, and participation in and organization of scientific or technological meetings.
RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
A set of research programs that prioritize collaboration between business organizations and universities or research institutions and stimulate technological innovation in São Paulo State. Programs: Research Partnership for Technological Innovation (PITE); Engineering Research Centers/Applied Research Centers (ERCs/ARCs); Innovative Research in Small Business (PIPE); Support for Intellectual Property (PAPI); associated research grants and scholarships/fellowships.
RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC THEMES
A set of programs whereby FAPESP stimulates the formation of research groups to focus on topics considered strategic to the development of São Paulo State and Brazil, including support for the modernization of research institutions in the state. Programs: BIOTA-FAPESP (biodiversity), BIOEN (bioenergy), Global Climate Change (RPGCC), eScience and Data Science, Public Policy, Public Education, Modernization of State Research Institutions, and associated grants and scholarships/fellowships.
SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE
A set of programs whereby FAPESP assures the infrastructure required for the continuity of research. Programs: Multi-User Equipment, FAP-Livros, Equipment Repair, Institutional Overhead, Access to ANSP Network, Support for Infrastructure (collections, laboratories etc).
COMMUNICATING SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC
Initiatives to inform FAPESP’s stakeholders about its science policy guidelines, the results and societal and economic impact of the scientific knowledge produced in São Paulo State with FAPESP’s support; and actions to measure the results of its activities, map research institutions and evaluate the overall status of research in the state.
22 FAPESP HIGHLIGHTS 2019
DISBURSEMENT FOR FUNDING STRATEGY AND MAJOR KNOWLEDGE AREA
FAPESP disbursed $ PPP 558.050 million in purchasing power parity (PPP) to fund 24,806 active research projects.
BY FUNDING STRATEGIES
50% 24% Basic and Training Applied of Human Resources Research $ PPP for Research 1.5% 558.050 9.5% Communicating Support for Research Science million Infrastructure to the Public
6% 9.0% Research on Research for Strategic Themes Innovation
BY MAJOR KNOWLEDGE AREA
47% Life Sciences – $PPP 263.895 million 33% Natural Sciences and Engineering – $PPP 183.412 million 10.3% Interdisciplinary – $PPP 55.996 million 9.7% Human and Social Sciences – $PPP 54.746 million
PROJECTS SUBMITTED, PROJECTS APPROVED, PROPOSAL SELECTION
In 2019, the number of projects submitted to FAPESP totaled 20,310 and 10,443 were selected. The number of active projects plus new projects selected during the year amounted to 24,806.
Advisors to the Science Directorate and 9,324 ad hoc reviewers issued 23,941 expert opinions. The average time taken to analyze each of 19,075 initial evaluation was 69 days.
23 FAPESP 2019
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
In 2019, FAPESP held 34 joint calls for proposals with 28 foreign organizations (funding agencies, universities and companies)
FAPESP signed 42 new research partnership agreements, 28 with foreign organizations and 14 with Brazilian organizations.
231 active partnerships with 188 foreign organizations and 43 Brazilian organizations.
SPECIAL ACTIONS IN 2019
Engineering Research Centers (ERCs): three new ERCs in partnership with Equinor, Koppert and Grupo São Martinho, bringing the total to 11 ERCs/ARCs established with companies, academic institutions and research institutions.
PIPE/PAPPE Grant Program: a joint call for proposals held by FAPESP and FINEP allocated $PPP 8.9 million to modernization of the public administration.
Research Partnership for Technological Innovation Program (PITE): support for the establishment of an international consortium to develop new drugs for neglected diseases and malaria in partnership with USP, UNICAMP and two nonprofits: Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) and Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV).
Innovative Research in Small Business Program (PIPE): support for 217 startups and small enterprises. In 21 years the program has supported projects conducted by 1,499 small firms in 144 cities across São Paulo State.
BIOEN Program: the most complete sequencing of the commercial sugarcane genome was performed with FAPESP’s support.
Global Research Council (GRC): São Paulo hosted the 8th GRC Annual Meeting on May 1-3, 2019. This was the first GRC annual meeting ever held in Brazil. Organized jointly by FAPESP, Argentina’s National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET) and the German Research Foundation (DFG), the meeting assembled funding agency heads from 50 countries on every continent. The discussions focused on the growing expectation among governments and public fund managers that greater emphasis should be placed on the economic and societal impact of scientific research when deciding whether to select projects for support.
24 FAPESP HIGHLIGHTS 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF FAPESP
5,500 REFERENCES TO FAPESP IN FOREIGN MEDIA Number of 32,000 Top 10 news stories in terms of media coverage references publications A new species of electric eel produces the highest voltage discharge of any known animal to research projects https://agencia.fapesp.br/31386 849 funded by FAPESP Listening to music while driving reduces cardiac stress https://agencia.fapesp.br/31886 326 in the Brazilian and Researchers help tracing “river of smoke” that blackened the day in São Paulo foreign media https://agencia.fapesp.br/31290 90 Adolescents who skip breakfast may develop obesity https://agencia.fapesp.br/31006 60 Researchers create functional mini-liver by 3D bioprinting https://agencia.fapesp.br/32217 42 Cannabidiol reduces aggressiveness, study concludes https://agencia.fapesp.br/31080 40 Ants that defend plants receive sugar and protein https://agencia.fapesp.br/30964 35 58% growth Lipid produced by organism helps control blood sugar in the number https://agencia.fapesp.br/31533 35 Study highlights anti-tumor activity of curcumin on stomach cancer of mentions of https://agencia.fapesp.br/30298 33 FAPESP in Brazilian Tube anemone has the largest animal mitochondrial genome ever sequenced https://agencia.fapesp.br/30727 29 and foreign media
26,500 REFERENCES TO FAPESP IN BRAZILIAN MEDIA Number of Top 10 news stories in terms of media coverage publications Patient’s own cells are used in innovative treatment for cancer 2,381 media https://agencia.fapesp.br/31675 965 outlets in Excessive coffee consumption increases the likelihood of hypertension in genetically predisposed people 752 105 different https://agencia.fapesp.br/31259 countries Healthy habits could avoid 27% of cancer cases in Brazil https://agencia.fapesp.br/30490 677 Overweight is as risky for the heart as obesity in adolescents https://agencia.fapesp.br/30551 545 Study shows how physical exercise can control diabetes in obese individuals https://agencia.fapesp.br/30730 545 The risk of death from yellow fever can be detected soonero 14.6 million https://agencia.fapesp.br/31187 526 page views using Overtraining produces negative alterations in several organs https://agencia.fapesp.br/30809 518 FAPESP’s online Compound from Brazilian plant combats leishmaniasis and Chagas disease 393 platforms https://agencia.fapesp.br/30954 Medication for menstrual pain relief proves effective against schistosomiasis https://agencia.fapesp.br/31232 387 Physical and social activities protect the brain against Alzheimer’s disease https://agencia.fapesp.br/29927 329
25 FAPESP 2019
NEWSWORTHY RESULTS IN 2019
An epidemiological study by researchers in the Preventive Medicine Department of the University of São Paulo’s Medical School (FM-USP) and the Harvard School of Public Health in the United States showed that smoking, drinking, overweight, unhealthy eating and lack of physical activity are risk factors associated with a third of all deaths caused by 20 types of cancer in Brazil. A healthier lifestyle could avoid at least 114,000 annual cancer cases, or 27% of the total, and 63,000 deaths from the disease (34% of the total). A paper on the study entitled “Proportion of cancer cases and deaths attributable to lifestyle risk factors in Brazil” was published in Cancer Epidemiology (doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.01.021): www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S1877782118305253?dgcid=author#bib0010. Photo: Daniel Antonio/Agência FAPESP
RESEARCH INTERNSHIP ABROAD (RIA) SCHOLARSHIP, DOCTORATE – FAPESP Process 2016/21390-0 Supervisor in Brazil: José Eluf Neto / Supervisor abroad: Edward Giovannucci Grantee: Leandro F. M. de Rezende Institutions: Medical School/University of São Paulo (USP), and Harvard University
Researchers have succeeded in using stem cells to reduce the size of lesions caused by strokes in the brains of mice. The procedure could help repair even more severe damage to parts of the brain. The two procedures currently used to treat ischemic stroke patients are effective only if they take place within four and a half hours of the stroke, after which cell death is irreversible. The new technique offers a chance to intervene at a later time. The method was described in the journal Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine DOCTORATE SCHOLARSHIP IN BRAZIL – in the article “Rotary jet-spun porous microfibers as scaffolds for FAPESP Process 2013/16533-8 Supervisor: Marimélia Aparecida Porcionatto stem cell delivery to central nervous system injury” (doi: 10.1016/j. Grantee: Laura Nicoleti Zamproni nano.2018.08.014): Institution: National Institute of Pharmacology/Federal www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1549963418305203. University of São Paulo (INFAR-UNIFESP)
A group of researchers in Brazil and the US developed a molecule, which they called SAMbA, to stop the progress of heart failure and increase the heart’s capacity to pump blood. Heart failure not only stabilized in rats treated for six weeks with the molecule, as happens with existing drugs, but positively improved. The innovation was reported in an article in Nature Communications entitled “A selective inhibitor of mitofusin 1-βIIPKC association improves heart failure outcome in rats” (doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08276-6): www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-08276-6.
POSTDOCTORATE FELLOWSHIP IN BRAZIL – FAPESP Process 2009/03143-1 Photo: Cecilia Bastos/Jornal da USP Supervisor: Patrícia Chakur Brum Grantee: Julio Cesar B. Ferreira Institution: School of Physical Education and Sport (EEFE)/University of São Paulo (USP)
26 FAPESP HIGHLIGHTS 2019
NEWSWORTHY RESULTS IN 2019
A series of studies conducted at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, showed that the effects of overtraining of athletes on the organism go far beyond performance decline and can cause lasting damage to the heart, liver and central nervous system, as well as skeletal muscles. The findings were published in an article in the journal Cytokine entitled “The proinflammatory effects of chronic excessive exercise” (doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2019.02.016): www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ S1043466619300626?via%3Dihub.
REGULAR RESEARCH GRANT – FAPESP Process 2017/09038-1 Principal Investigator: Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Physical Education and Sport/University of São Paulo (EEFERP-USP)
A new technique for the decontamination of organs before transplantation using ultraviolet and red light irradiation was developed by Brazilian scientists affiliated with the Optonics and Photonics Research Center in partnership with researchers at the University of Toronto in Canada, which has the world’s largest lung transplantation program. The revolutionary biophotonic technique, which helps prevent transmission of diseases during organ transplantation, was described in an article in Nature Communications entitled “Inactivating hepatitis C virus in donor lungs using light therapies during normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion” (doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08261-z). Photo: Cristina Kurachi
RESEARCH GRANT, RIDC, OPTONICS AND PHOTONICS RESEARCH CENTER (CEPOF) – FAPESP Process 2013/07276-1 Principal Investigator: Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato Institution: São Carlos Physics Institute/University of São Paulo (IFSC-USP)
A study proved that a molecule called TCMDC-135051 can selectively inhibit a protein essential to the lifecycle of Plasmodium falciparum, one of the parasites that causes malaria. The disease kills nearly 500,000 people per year, and more than 200 million new cases are reported annually. Members of the University of Campinas’s Center for Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED- UNICAMP) in São Paulo State took part in the research. CQMED is a unit of the Brazilian Industrial Research and Innovation Corporation (EMBRAPII) that specializes in biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceuticals. The unit belongs to the Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), which aims to accelerate drug discovery. The findings, published in an article inScience entitled “Validation Photo: CQMED of the protein kinase PfCLK3 as a multistage cross-species malarial drug target”, pave the way for the development of a novel drug against the disease (doi: 10.1126/science.aau1682): https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6456/eaau1682.
POSTDOCTORATE FELLOWSHIP IN BRAZIL – FAPESP Process 2002/02906-2 RESEARCH GRANT PITE – FAPESP Process 2013/50724-5 Supervisor: Marco Antonio Zago Principal Investigator: Paulo Arruda Grantee: Paulo Henrique Conaggin Godoi Institution: Institute of Biology/University of Campinas Institution: Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/ (IB-UNICAMP) University of São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP)
27 FAPESP 2019
NEWSWORTHY RESULTS IN 2019
A study published in Nature Communications revealed that there are at least three species of electric eel rather than just one as previously believed. One of the new species described in the article can discharge up to 860 volts, the strongest of any known animal. The research was supported by FAPESP, the Smithsonian Institution and the National Geographic Society, among others. The article is entitled “Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator” (doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11690-z): www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11690-z.
E. voltai in the Xingu river. Photo: L. Souza
DOCTORATE SCHOLARSHIP IN BRAZIL – FAPESP Process 2018/05084-1 associated with RESEARCH GRANT – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2016/19075-9 Grantee and one of the authors of the article: Luiz Antonio Wanderley Peixoto / Supervisor: Aléssio Datovo da Silva Principal Investigator for Thematic Project: Naercio Aquino Menezes Institution: Zoology Museum/University of São Paulo (USP)
A group of 42 researchers working in 16 countries and including a zoologist at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) in São Paulo State discovered that a microscopic aquatic fungus is responsible for the heaviest biodiversity loss ever found to be due to a single pathogen. The microorganism causes an infectious disease called chytridiomycosis. In the past 50 years, it has caused a decline in the populations of at least 501 species of amphibians. The discovery was reported in an article in Science entitled “Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity”: https://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aav0379. Atelopus species were the most affected. Photo: Luis Felipe de Toledo
RESEARCH GRANT – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2016/25358-3 Principal Investigator Luis Felipe de Toledo R. Pereira Institution: Institute of Biology/University of Campinas (IB-UNICAMP)
Scientists in Brazil have systematically observed upward lightning strikes in recent years. Researchers in the Atmospheric Electricity Group (ELAT) at the National Space Research Institute (INPE) elucidated the mechanisms involved in their formation and described the discovery in an article in Scientific Reports entitled “On the triggering mechanisms of upward lightning”: www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-46122-x.
Photo: Elat/INPE
REGULAR RESEARCH GRANT – FAPESP Process 2012/15375-7 and DOCTORATE SCHOLARSHIP IN BRAZIL – FAPESP Process 2013/05784-0 Principal Investigator and Supervisor: Marcelo Magalhães Fares Saba Grantee: Carina Schumann Institution: National Space Research Institute (Inpe)
28 FAPESP HIGHLIGHTS 2019
NEWSWORTHY RESULTS IN 2019
Researchers at Adolfo Lutz Institute found that natural compounds isolated from Nectandra leucantha, a Neotropical tree species belonging to the laurel family (Lauraceae) and endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest biome in Brazil could result in new medications for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. The findings were published in Scientific Reports( www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-42273-z) and the European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ Photo: Ana Claudia Torrecilhas and J. P. Maçaneiro/Flora Digital S0223523419304040).
REGULAR RESEARCH GRANT – FAPESP Process 2018/10279-6 Principal Investigator: André Gustavo Tempone Cardoso Institution: Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL)
A molecule with the potential to combat ovarian cancer and prevent metastasis was identified by researchers at the Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), a Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center (RIDC) funded by FAPESP and hosted by the University of São Paulo’s Ribeirão Preto Medical School. They partnered with a scientist at the Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, affiliated with the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). The discovery was described in an article in Cancer Research entitled “miR-450a acts as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer by regulating energy metabolism” (doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-0490): https://cancerres.aacrjournals. org/content/79/13/3294.figures-only. Image: Wellcome Collection RESEARCH GRANT FOR RIDC CENTER FOR CELL-BASED THERAPY (CTC) – FAPESP Process 2013/08135-2 Principal Investigator: Dimas Tadeu Covas Institution: Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo (HCMRP-USP) SCHOLARSHIP FOR RESEARCH INTERNSHIP ABROAD (RIA) – FAPESP Process 2012/15746-5 Supervisor in Brazil: Wilson Araújo da Silva Junior / Supervisor Abroad: Maja Jagodic Grantee: Julio Cesar Cetrulo Lorenzi Institutions: Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP) and Karolinska Institute, Sweden
MASTER’S AND DOCTORATE SCHOLARSHIPS IN BRAZIL – FAPESP Process 2011/04154-3 and 2013/25326-6 Supervisor in Brazil: Wilson Araújo da Silva Junior Grantee: Bruna Rodrigues Muys Institution: Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo (HCMRP-USP)
A study quantified and characterized for the first time the charcoal and soot known as black carbon that are produced by incomplete burning of trees, enter the waters of the Amazon and are transported to the Atlantic Ocean as dissolved organic carbon. The findings were reported in an article in entitled “Marked isotopic variability within and between the Amazon River and marine dissolved black carbon pools” (doi: 10.1038/s41467- 019-11543-9): www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11543-9.
RESEARCH GRANTS FOR SÃO PAULO EXCELLENCE CHAIR (SPEC) – FAPESP Process 2018/18491-4 and 2012/51187-0 Image: Wikimedia Commons Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Edward Richey Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture/University of São Paulo (CENA-USP)
29
THE INSTITUTION
About FAPESP Governance Proposal selection Evaluation of FAPESP's Programs
CHAPTER
1 31 FAPESP 2019
ABOUT FAPESP
The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) is one of Brazil’s leading public agencies for the funding of research. FAPESP was formally created by State Law 5918 (dated October 18, 1960), which established that its remit was to support scientific research and science dissemination in São Paulo State. It began operating in 1962 in accordance with Decree 40132 (dated May 23, 1962). Called for by São Paulo State’s 1947 Constitution and ratified by its 1989 Constitution, FAPESP receives 1% of the state’s annual tax revenue to carry out its mission of investing in scientific and technological development. This investment takes the form of scholarships, fellowships and grants to fund research projects in all knowledge areas led by researchers affiliated with public or private higher education and research institutions in São Paulo State and by researchers employed by companies based in the state. FAPESP’s funding strategies support Research for Innovation, Research for Knowledge Advancement, Research on Strategic Themes, Training of Human Resources for Science and Technology, Support for Research Infrastructure, and Communicating Science to the Public Initiatives.
CHART 1 NUMBER OF PROJECTS SUPPORTED – 1962 TO 2019
1962 to 1969 4,332
1970 to 1979 10,106
1980 to 1989 19,696
1990 to 1999 60,780
2000 to 2009 92,998
2010 to 2019 113,439
32 THE INSTITUTION
GOVERNANCE
DECEMBER 2019 FAPESP is governed by a Board of Trustees and an Executive Board. The São Paulo State Constitution guarantees its administrative autonomy. PRESIDENT The Board of Trustees sets general guidelines and Marco Antonio Zago makes key decisions regarding scientific policy, VICE PRESIDENT administrative affairs and asset management. The Ronaldo Aloise Pilli Board has 12 members, who each serve a six-year term renewable once. Six trustees are appointed directly by the state governor, and the others are BOARD OF TRUSTEES chosen by the governor from three-name shortlists submitted by public and private higher education Carmino Antonio de Souza and research institutions in São Paulo State. FAPESP’s Ignácio Maria Poveda Velasco president and vice president are appointed by the João Fernando Gomes de Oliveira governor from a three-name shortlist drawn up by Liedi Legi Bariani Bernucci the Board of Trustees from among its own members. Marco Antonio Zago Mayana Zatz The Executive Board (CTA) is responsible for the Mozart Neves Ramos day-to-day running of FAPESP. It has three members: Pedro Luiz Barreiros Passos the Executive Director, the Scientific Director, and Pedro Wongtschowski the Administrative Director. They are chosen by the Ronaldo Aloise Pilli governor from three-name shortlists drawn up by Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani the Board of Trustees and are retained by FAPESP for up to three years, renewable for two further terms.
EXECUTIVE BOARD
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Carlos Américo Pacheco
SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz
ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTOR Fernando Menezes de Almeida
33 FAPESP 2019
PROPOSAL SELECTION
TABLE 1 Research proposals are submitted to FAPESP AD HOC REVIEWERS AND ASSESSMENTS for support from its various funding lines and Evolution – 2014 to 2019 evaluated by peer review. Committees of o recognized experts called Area Panels N of N o of assessments per year assessments coordinate the proposal assessment process per reviewer 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 1 to 4 7,867 7,867 7,748 7,759 7,852 8,311 in each major knowledge area under the 5 to 9 1,114 1,035 1,113 1,082 1,086 916 aegis of FAPESP’s Scientific Directorate. 10 to 14 66 43 67 67 79 87 Each application for funding goes first to the 15 or + 8 5 4 7 4 10 Total 9,055 8,950 8,932 8,915 9,021 9,324 Area Panel corresponding to the knowledge reviewers area for the proposed project. The Area Panel NOTE: Data for previous years updated after consolidation of FAPESP's selects ad hoc reviewers to analyze the databases. proposal and issue a merit assessment. The proposal then returns to the Area Panel, which issues an approval or denial recommendation to the Scientific Directorate. The Scientific Directorate makes the final decision, with the assistance of a supervisory panel comprising 20 associate coordinators. Decisions must be ratified by the Executive Board, and may also have to be endorsed by the Board of Trustees.
CHART 2 NUMBER OF ASSESSMENTS BY REVIEWERS’ REGIONS OF ORIGIN – 2014 TO 2019
NORTH 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 14 11 21 31 10 14
NORTHEAST 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 323 296 289 310 279 287
CENTER-WEST 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 220 225 195 229 199 224
SOUTHEAST 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 São Paulo 19,455 18.487 19,429 19,304 19,476 21,112 Other states 1,055 1,061 1,164 1,163 1,043 1,146
SOUTH 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 637 551 598 593 577 600
NOT IDENTIFIED 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 907 1,015 1,027 971 578 108
34 THE INSTITUTION
THE STEPS IN THIS PROCESS ARE SUMMARIZED BELOW: FOR MORE DETAILS OF FAPESP’S PROJECT SELECTION PROCESS, SEE https://fapesp.br/en/panels.
Area Panels receive applications 1 Each application received by FAPESP goes to the Area Panel corresponding to the knowledge area for the project. The Area Panel analyzes the abstract and the principal investigator’s institutional affiliation.
Selection of ad hoc reviewers and issuance of assessment reports 2 The Area Panels select specialists with specific competencies in each project’s subject matter to act as ad hoc reviewers and ask them to issue expert opinions, avoiding potential conflicts of interest. The reviewers analyze the proposals and issue merit assessments. In 2019, FAPESP began a pilot project using artificial intelligence to select ad hoc reviewers. The algorithm analyzes project keywords, research area and history, and other relevant data for some 10,000 reviewers, “learning” from the data via a mathematical model and suggesting a ranked list of possible reviewers for each new proposal. The list is presented to the Area Panel, which selects reviewers with the requisite profile to analyze each project. Once the model has been validated, it will be integrated into FAPESP’s Management Support System (SAGe) and implemented in 2020.
9,324 ad hoc reviewers issued 23,491 assessments in 2019
Analysis by Area Panel
3 The proposal returns to the Area Panel, which analyzes the reviewers’ assessments and recommends approval or denial by the Scientific Directorate. KNOWLEDGE AREAS OF PROPOSALS ANALYZED IN 2019: 50% Life Sciences 19% Human and Social Sciences 30% Natural Sciences and Engineering 1% Interdisciplinary
Analysis by Supervisory Panel 4 The Scientific Directorate also works with a Supervisory Panel comprising 20 researchers who are Area Panel members and recognized leaders in their respective fields. They review the recommendations made by the Area Panels to assure compatibility with the available merit assessments. They may endorse recommendations or question them and suggest further analysis, among other measures.
Decision by Scientific Directorate 5 The Scientific Directorate’s decisions are based on the recommendations of the Supervisory Panel and Area Panels. 69 days was the average time taken to analyze each of the 19,075 initial assessments
Approval by Executive Board 6 The Executive Board (CTA) approves the Scientific Directorate’s decisions subject to ratification by the Board of Trustees.
Board of Trustees 7 The Board of Trustees ratifies the Executive Board’s decisions.
35 FAPESP 2019
EVALUATION OF FAPESP'S PROGRAMS
FAPESP’s programs are regularly evaluated in terms of their scientific, societal and economic impact. Executive summaries and full reports on the evaluations completed so far are available in Portuguese on its portal (www.fapesp.br/avaliacao). Links to articles deriving from these initiatives and published in special-interest journals can be found on the same page. The evaluations completed to date cover FAPESP’s key activities: cross-border cooperation agreements, scientific initiation, master’s and PhD scholarships, the Innovative Research in Small Business Program (PIPE), the BIOTA-FAPESP Program, the Multi-User Equipment Program, the Young Investigator Program, the Research Partnership for Technological Innovation Program (PITE), and the Public Policy Program. FAPESP makes changes to its initiatives in response to these evaluations with the aim of increasing their effectiveness. New activities are also influenced by the evaluations. The process has been enhanced over the years, not least by an exchange of experiences with funding agencies in other countries. The evaluations now involve detailed questionnaires for completion by the researchers and institutions awarded funding, as well as control groups with proponents whose applications for funding are turned down. The solidity of this process has resulted in expressions of interest by several overseas funding agencies, including the Israel Science Foundation (ISF), which requested more information during the annual meeting of the Global Research Council (GRC) held in São Paulo in April 2019. The PIPE Program is a good example of FAPESP’s initiatives in this regard. PIPE has so far been evaluated twice, on the occasions of its tenth and twentieth anniversaries. Both showed that PIPE stimulated corporate investment in R&D, contributed to conversion of the funded projects into innovations and patentable products, and lifted average levels of sales and employment. The second study analyzed 189 firms, accounting for 44% of all the projects conducted in the period concerned. No fewer than 26% of these firms were set up after submission and approval of their projects by FAPESP, and 19% were spinoffs, mainly from universities. More than half had been or were still being incubated at the time of the study. From the standpoint of results, the study found that 80% of the projects produced innovations, and 89 firms filed 438 patent applications or registered brands or cultivars. The results also showed that PIPE boosted the sales of the firms it supported by more than 20% and contributed to a rise in the average number of employees per firm from 8.5 to 11.1 after project completion. The number of employees dedicated to R&D and with a tertiary degree rose from 1.8 on average before support from PIPE to 3.1 after project completion.
36
GENERAL INDICATORS
Income in 2019
Total disbursement for research funding
Disbursement, active projects and projects contracted – 2019
By Funding Strategies By Major Knowledge Areas By Institution By scholarship/fellowship and grant per funding strategies
Annual evolution of disbursement – 2013 to 2019
By Funding Strategies By Types of Scholarships/Fellowships and Grants
Annual evolution in projects contracted for – 2013 to 2019
By Funding Strategies By Types of Scholarships/Fellowships and Grants GENERAL INDICATORS
Income in 2019
Total disbursement for research funding
Disbursement, active projects and projects contracted – 2019
By Funding Strategies By Major Knowledge Areas By Institution By scholarship/fellowship and grant per funding strategies
Annual evolution of disbursement – 2013 to 2019
By Funding Strategies By Types of Scholarships/Fellowships and Grants
Annual evolution in projects contracted for – 2013 to 2019
By Funding Strategies By Types of Scholarships/Fellowships and Grants
CHAPTER
2 39 FAPESP 2019
INCOME IN 2019
In 2019, FAPESP’s income totaled $PPP 645,004,786. FAPESP’s income consists of 1% of São Paulo State’s annual tax revenue, transferred by the state treasury as required by the state constitution, and receipts from other sources, such as joint research funding agreements with other institutions and companies.
CHART 3 COMPOSITION OF FAPESP'S INCOME – 2019
State Treasury Transfers $ PPP 599,438,260 Other Revenue Sources $ PPP 45,566,525
DISBURSEMENT
In 2019, FAPESP disbursed $PPP 558,050,682 to support 24,806 active scientific and technological projects.
CHART 4 ANNUAL EVOLUTION OF DISBURSEMENT FOR RESEARCH FUNDING ($ PPP) – 2013 TO 2019
550 million
500 million
450 million
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 489,637,485 511,801,355 527,604,839 504,818,299 469,858,807 540,057,914 558,050,682
40 GENERAL INDICATORS
DISBURSEMENT, NUMBER OF ACTIVE PROJECTS AND NEW PROJECTS CONTRACTED IN 2019
TABLE 2 BY FUNDING STRATEGIES
Funding Strategies Disbursement Active projects New projects contracted $ PPP % No % No % Training of Human Resources for ST&I 132,165,729 24.0 9,818 39.6 3,921 37.5 Basic and Applied Research 279,836,913 50.0 11,425 46.1 4,987 47.8 Research for Innovation 50,649,460 9.0 1,672 6.7 733 7.0 Research on Strategic Themes 33,473,413 6.0 1,024 4.1 454 4.4 Support for Research Infrastructure 53,901,143 9.5 845 3.4 337 3.2 Communicating Science to the public 8,024,024 1.5 22 0.1 11 0.1 Total 558,050,682 100.0 24,806 100.0 10,443 100.0
TABLE 3 BY MAJOR KNOWLEDGE AREAS
Major Knowledge areas Disbursement Active New projects $ PPP projects contracted Life Sciences 263,895,583 12,455 5,111 Natural Sciences and Engineering 183,412,019 7,738 3,276 Human and Social Sciences 54,746,493 3,977 1,830 Interdisciplinary 55,996,588 636 226 Total 558,050,682 24,806 10,443
TABLE 4 BY INSTITUTION
Institution Disbursement Active projects New projects contracted $ PPP % No % No % University of São Paulo (USP) 237,504,642 42.5 9,117 36.7 3,634 34.8 University of Campinas (UNICAMP) 78,085,169 14.0 3,320 13.4 1,309 12.5 Federal Research Institutions 65,138,226 11.7 3,593 14.5 1,559 14.9 São Paulo State University (UNESP) 62,474,448 11.2 4,567 18.4 2,018 19.3 Companies 39,939,499 7.2 1,458 5.9 659 6.3 State Research Institutions 45,953,163 8.2 1,206 4.9 512 5.0 Private Higher Education and Research Institutions 24,971,019 4.5 1,439 5.8 688 6.6 Scientific Associations and Societies 1,369,547 0.2 41 0.2 35 0.3 Municipal Institutions 516,090 0.1 44 0.2 18 0.2 Others 2,098,878 0.4 21 0.1 11 0.1 Total 558,050,682 100.0 24.,806 100.0 10,443 100.0
41 FAPESP 2019
DISBURSEMENT, NUMBER OF ACTIVE PROJECTS AND NEW PROJECTS CONTRACTED IN 2019
TABLE 5 SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS BY FUNDING STRATEGIES
Funding Strategies Disbursement Active New projects $ PPP vigentes contracted Total 558,050,682 24,806 10,443
TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH 132,165,729 9,818 3,921
Scholarships and In Brazil 90,042,894 8,310 2,995 Fellowships not associated with Abroad 42,122,835 1,508 926 research grants BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH 279,836,913 11,425 4,987 Long-term Thematic Project Grant and associated scholarships/ 116,524,865 3,665 1,453 Research fellowships and grants Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers (RIDC) 31,234,830 712 325 and associated scholarships/fellowships and grants Young Investigator grants and associated scholarships, 30,703,296 1,228 521 fellowships and grants Special Project grants and associated scholarships, 9,580,289 23 10 fellowships and grants São Paulo Excellence Chair (SPEC) and associated 2,774,988 68 21 scholarships, fellowships and grants Subtotal 190,818,268 5,696 2,330 Regular Research Regular Research Grants not associated to other grants 75,023,903 4,293 1,448 Grants not associated and associated scholarships/fellowships with other grants Regular Grants (meetings, organization, publications, visiting 13,994,742 1,436 1,209 researchers) not associated to other grants
Subtotal 89,018,645 5,729 2,657 RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION 50,649,460 1,672 733 Research Partnership for Technological Innovation Program 1,906,940 99 26 (PITE) and associated scholarships/fellowships and grants Engineering Research Centers/Applied Research Centers 8,058,258 118 52 (ERC/ARC) and associated scholarships/fellowships and grants Innovative Research in Small Business Program (PIPE), Fellowship 39,629,254 1,435 641 PE and associated scholarships/fellowships and grants Intellectual Property Support Program (PAPI-Nuplitec) and 112,158 19 14 associated scholarships/fellowships and grants Innovation Distritcts 942,850 1 0 RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC THEMES 33,473,413 1,024 454 FAPESP Research Program on Biodiversity Characterization, 5,743,776 209 71 Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable Use (BIOTA) and associated scholarships/fellowships and grants FAPESP Bioenergy Research Program (BIOEN) and associated 5,318,669 229 80 scholarships/fellowships and grants
42 GENERAL INDICATORS
Funding Strategies Disbursement Active New projects $ PPP projects contracted
FAPESP Research Program on Global Climate Change (RPGCC) 7,900,224 274 122 and associated scholarships/fellowships and grants FAPESP Research Program on eScience and DataScience 551,418 34 14 and associated scholarships/fellowships and grants Modernization of São Paulo’s Research Institutes and 12,700,353 98 75 associated scholarships/fellowships and grants Research in Public Policies Program (PPP) and associated 536,592 64 44 scholarships/fellowships and grants Research in Public Policies for National Health Care 311,797 23 0 System (PP-SUS) and associated scholarships/fellowships and grants Public Education Research Program (EP) 288,180 79 44 Science Journalism (MídiaCiência) fellowships not associated 122,404 14 4 to other grants SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE 53,901,143 845 337 Multi-User Equipment Program 17,784,231 271 98 Equipment Repair Program 2,613,243 290 136 ANSP Network 11,089,463 2 0 Overhead for ANSP Network Connectivity 2,617,826 10 3 Overhead for Research Institution Infrastructure 19,585,806 260 0 Overhead for Program Coordination 210,574 12 5 Infrastructure Support (museums, information repositories, - - 95 documents, biological collections) COMMUNICATING SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC 8,024,024 22 11 Studies of the overall status of research in São Paulo 561,474 1 0 Pesquisa FAPESP magazine 3,990,263 2 1 Dissemination of scientific knowledge in São Paulo State(1) 1,947,140 2 1 Mapping of research units in São Paulo State (BV) (1) 587,664 2 1 ST&I Indicators for São Paulo State 645,875 10 3 Others (contracts)(2) 291,609 5 5
(1) Disbursement in 2019 corresponds to the last two months of projects begun in 2018 (January 1, 2019-February 28th, 2019) and the first ten months of projects begun in 2019 (March 1st, 2019-December 31, 2019).
(2) Iron Mountain, for storage of physical files containing scientific reports of research projects supported by FAPESP; Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID); advertising of scholarship opportunities on social networking site ResearchGate; annual dues paid to National Council of State Research Funding Agencies (CONFAP).
43 FAPESP 2019
ANNUAL EVOLUTION OF DISBURSEMENT ($PPP) – 2013 TO 2019
TABLE 6 BY FUNDING STRATEGIES
Funding Strategies 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
Training of Human Resources for 132,165,729 129,954,726 131,108,565 148,181,534 166,541,003 173,207,002 161,649,501 Research Basic and Long-term 190,818,268 188,575,302 155,732,008 149,787,434 149,066,820 133,383,502 102,752,534 Applied research Regular Grants not associated 89,018,645 88,797,877 83,197,574 94,562,081 112,301,732 118,235,383 135,700,390 to others grants
Research for Innovation 50,649,460 50,413,731 38,288,296 33,285,099 19,390,593 15,781,341 14,413,391 Research on Strategic Themes 33,473,413 24,244,036 17,047,760 17,506,114 20,453,553 20,495,445 23,225,387
Support for Research Infrastructure 53,901,143 50,606,046 38,096,589 55,491,050 53,026,039 42,553,421 43,226,549 Communicating Science 8,024,024 7,466,198 6,388,016 6,004,987 6,825,101 8,145,261 8,669,732 to the Public Total 558,050,682 540,057,914 469,858,807 504,818,299 527,604,839 511,801,355 489,637,485
TABLE 7 BY TYPES OF SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS
Types 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Scholarships/Fellowships (1) 239,711,772 222,922,627 205,855,385 211,515,162 221,330,207 223,073,986 205,708,134 Grants (2) 318,338,910 317,135,287 264,003,422 293,303,138 306,274,632 288,727,368 283,929,350 Total 558,050,682 540,057,914 469,858,807 504,818,299 527,604,839 511,801,355 489,637,485
For details of disbursement for all types of scholarship, fellowship and grant in 2019, see pages 110 and 112. (1) Scholarships = Scientific Initiation (SI), Master’s (MS), Doctorate (DR), Direct Doctorate (DD, applicant without MSc), Postdoc (PD). Regular scholarships and fellowships in Brazil and abroad, Technical Training, Science Journalism, Courses Attendance, Young Investigator, PIPE, Public Education, associated or not associated with other grants. (2) Grants = all research grants.
44 GENERAL INDICATORS
ANNUAL EVOLUTION OF THE NUMBER OF PROJECTS CONTRACTED – 2013 TO 2019
TABLE 8 BY FUNDING STRATEGIES
Funding Strategies 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
Training of Human Resources for 3,921 4,386 4,021 4,389 4,427 5,279 6,155 Research Basic and Long-term 2,330 2,048 1,881 1,594 1,384 1,480 1,338 Applied research Regular Grants not associated 2.657 2,960 2,924 3,249 3,319 3,905 4,031 to others grants
Research for Innovation 733 836 731 650 365 295 289
Research on Strategic Themes 454 344 314 268 234 331 284
Support for Research Infrastructure 337 359 310 327 339 317 294 Communicating Science to the Public 11 13 5 3 2 2 2
Total 10,443 10,946 10,186 10,480 10,070 11,609 12,393
TABLE 9 BY TOTAL OF SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS
Types 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Scholarships/Fellowships(1) 7,107 7,276 6,584 6,653 6,247 7,234 8,030 Grants(2) 3,336 3,670 3,602 3,827 3,823 4,375 4,363 Total 10,443 10,946 10,186 10,480 10,070 11,609 12,393
For a detailed breakdown of projects contracted for by all types of grant in 2019, see pages 111 and 113. (1) Scholarships = Scientific Initiation (SI), Master’s (MS), Doctorate (DR), Direct Doctorate (DD, applicant without MSc), Postdoc (PD). Regular scholarships and fellowships in Brazil and abroad, Technical Training, Science Journalism, Courses Attendance, Young Investigator, PIPE, Public Education, associated or not associated with other grants. (2) Grants = all research grants.
45
FUNDING STRATEGIES
Training of Human Resources for Research
Basic and Applied Research: - Long-term research and - Regular Grants not associated to other grants
Research for Innovation
Research on Strategic Themes
Support for Research Infrastructure
Communicating Science to the Public
CHAPTER
3 47 FAPESP 2019
FUNDING STRATEGIES
TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH
APESP awards several types of regular scholarships and fellowships In 2019, FAPESP disbursed for undergraduates and graduates who reside in São Paulo State $PPP 132.2 million for 9,818 to train in Brazil and abroad. human-resource training FRegular scholarships and fellowships in Brazil support academic education scholarships/fellowships and training at different levels: Scientific Initiation, Master’s, Doctorate, in Brazil and abroad, and Direct Doctorate, and Postdoctorate. FAPESP has an agreement with the contracted for 3,921 new Ministry of Education’s Higher Research Council (CAPES) to fund Master’s, scholarships/fellowships. Doctorate and Direct Doctorate scholarships, as well as Postdoc fellowships. FAPESP awards two types of funding for education and training abroad: Research Fellowships Abroad (RFA) for postdoctoral research; and Research Internships Abroad (RIA) for use while scholarships in Brazil are in progress. It considers the experience of research abroad a key component of the training of new researchers. TABLE 10 shows the amounts disbursed for training scholarships and fellowships not associated with other grants. Total investment in scholarships and fellowships, including both those associated and those not associated with other grants, can be found on page 110.
TYPES OF TRAINING SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS
REGULAR SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH GRANTS IN BRAZIL SCHOLARSHIPS Scientific Initiation (IC) Master's (MS) Doctorate (DR) Direct Doctorate (DD) FELLOWSHIPS Postdoctorate (PD) – www.fapesp.br/en/postdoc ABROAD Research Internships Abroad (RIA) – www.fapesp.br/en/bpe Research Fellowships Abroad (RFA)
48 FUNDING STRATEGIES TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH
TABLE 10 TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH Types of scholarships/fellowships, disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted for in 2019
Regular Scholarships/Fellowships Disbursement Active New projects not associated to grants $ PPP projects contracted In Brazil 90,042,894 8,310 2,995 SCHOLARSHIPS – Scientific Initiation (SI) 9,688,608 3,461 1,783 Master's (MS) 10,568,452 1,406 475 Doctorate (DR) 33,388,229 2,026 407 Direct Doctorate (DD) 4,851,816 363 87 FELLOWSHIPS – Postdoctorate (PD) 31,545,789 1,054 243 Abroad 42,122,835 1,508 926 Research Internships Abroad (RIA) 32,410,568 1,187 729 RIA - SI 1,016,830 114 82 RIA - MS 2,093,611 174 133 RIA - DR 11,912,797 549 333 RIA - DD 2,067,204 89 41 RIA - PD 15,320,127 261 140 Research Fellowships Abroad (RFA) - PD 9,712,267 321 197 Total 132,165,729 9,818 3,921
TABLE 11 TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH Types of scholarships/fellowships, disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted by knowledge areas
Life Sciences Natural Sciences Human and Social Sciences Interdisciplinary Scholarships/ and Engineering Fellowships Disbursement New projects Disbursement New projects Disbursement New projects Disbursement New projects $ PPP contracted $ PPP contracted $ PPP contracted $ PPP contracted In Brazil 48,837,174 1,696 18,781,065 667 22,133,382 622 291,273 10 Abroad 19,778,859 397 11,362,323 237 10,954,411 289 27,241 3 RIA 16,653,925 346 7,460,627 165 2,658,533 217 138 1 RFA 3,124,934 51 3,901,696 72 8,295,878 72 27,103 2 Total 68,616,033 2,093 30,143,388 904 33,087,794 911 318,514 13
49 FAPESP 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS
Excessive coffee consumption increases likelihood of hypertension in genetically predisposed people
Drinking more than three cups of coffee per day leads to an up to fourfold increase in the likelihood of developing high blood pressure in people who are genetically predisposed to the condition, according to a study conducted by the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil and published in the journal Clinical Nutrition. News stories on the study were carried by 752 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31259
Nutrition DOCTORATE SCHOLARSHIP AND POSTDOCTORATE FELLOWSHIP – FAPESP Process 2014/04540-2 and 2018/04116-7 INSTITUTION: School of Public Health PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dirce Maria Lobo Machioni GRANTEE: Andreia Alexandra M. Miranda
Stem cells help repair brain injury due to stroke
Researchers succeeded in using stem cells to reduce the size of lesions caused by strokes in the brains of mice. The procedure could help repair brain areas in even larger lesions. The study was described in Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine e reported by 18 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/29865
Morphology DOCTORATE SCHOLARSHIP – FAPESP Process 2013/16533-8 INSTITUTION: National Institute of Pharmacology (INFAR), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Marimélia Aparecida Porcionatto GRANTEE: Laura Nicoleti Zamproni
50 FUNDING STRATEGIES TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS
Niobium used as catalyst in fuel cell
A study performed at the Federal University of the ABC (UFABC) combined niobium and glycerol in a promising technological solution to the production of fuel cells that could work like batteries to recharge small electronic devices such as cell phones or laptops. An article describing the study was published in ChemElectroChem and featured on the cover of the journal. News stories on the innovation were carried by 35 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31978
Materials Engineering and Metallurgy DIRECT DOCTORATE SCHOLARSHIP – FAPESP Process 2017/22976-0 INSTITUTION: Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), UFABC PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Mauro Coelho dos Santos GRANTEE: Felipe de Moura Souza
Researchers create molecule to treat heart failure
A group of researchers in Brazil and the US developed a molecule, which they called SAMbA, to stop the progress of heart failure and increase the heart’s capacity to pump blood. The innovation was described in Nature Communications and reported by 168 media outlet.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/29842
Physiology POSTDOCTORATE FELLOWSHIP – FAPESP Process 2009/03143-1 INSTITUTION: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Patrícia Chakur Brum GRANTEE: Julio Cesar B. Ferreira
51 FAPESP 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS
Researchers develop molecule to combat cocoa pest
In an article published in Pest Management Science, Brazilian researchers reported the development of a molecule that inhibits the advance of witches’ broom as the first step in producing a fungicide to combat the main disease that attacks cacao plantations in Brazil. The research featured in news stories published by 16 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/30318
Biochemistry DOCTORATE SCHOLARSHIP – FAPESP Process 2014/15339-6 INSTITUTION: Biology Institute/University of Campinas (UNICAMP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira GRANTEE: Mario Ramos de Oliveira Barsottini
Healthy habits could avoid 27% of cancer cases in Brazil
Smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity are risk factors associated with a third of all deaths caused by 20 types of cancer in Brazil, according to a new study conducted at the University of São Paulo (USP) and Harvard. The study was published in Cancer Epidemiology. News stories on the research were carried by 677 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/30490
Collective Health RESEARCH INTERNSHIPS ABROAD (RIA) DOCTORATE – FAPESP Process 2016/21390-0 INSTITUTIONS:Medical School/University of São Paulo (USP) and Harvard University PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: José Eluf Neto ORIENTADOR NO EXTERIOR: Edward Giovannucci GRANTEE: Leandro F. M. de Rezende
52 FUNDING STRATEGIES TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS
Researchers demonstrate benefits of lithium for older people with Alzheimer’s
The use of lithium to combat Alzheimer’s disease has been investigated by research groups for over a decade. New findings obtained by scientists based in Brazil and the United States suggest that its beneficial effects on memory may be linked to a capacity to delay cellular aging, one of the factors underlying the development of neurodegenerative disorders. News stories on the research were carried by 184 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31631
Pharmacology RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS ABROAD (RFA) – FAPESP Process 2018/05288-6 INSTITUTIONS: School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities (EACH), University of São Paulo (USP), and Buck Institute for Research on Aging SUPERVISOR ABROAD: Julie Kay Andersen GRANTEE: Tânia Araújo Viel
Lipid produced by organism helps control blood sugar
Researchers based in Brazil, the United States and Germany discovered that 12-HEPE, a lipid produced in response to cold by brown adipose tissue in the human body, helps reduce blood sugar. The results of their experiments with mice paved the way for new treatments for diabetes. News stories on the discovery were carried by 83 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31533
Physiology POSTDOCTORATE FELLOWSHIP AND RESEARCH INTERNSHIPS ABROAD (RIA) FAPESP Process 2013/02503-0 and 2014/01294-0 INSTITUTIONS: School of Medical Sciences/University of Campinas (FCM-UNICAMP) and Harvard University PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Mario José Abdalla Saad SUPERVISOR ABROAD: Yu-Hua Tseng GRANTEE: Luiz Osório Silveira Leiria
53 FAPESP 2019
FUNDING STRATEGIES
BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
his funding strategy encompasses basic and applied research of In 2019, FAPESP disbursed excellence and with ambitious goals, conducted over the long term $ 287.7 million as Thematic and Special Projects, and as initiatives by Research, to support 11,425 long- Innovation and Dissemination Centers (RIDCs), the Young Investigator T and short-term research program, São Paulo Excellence Chair (SPEC), and Special Projects. It also projects. It contracted 4,987 includes short-term research supported by Regular Research Grants. new projects in the year.
RELATED PROGRAMS
Long-term research Regular Grants not associated to other grants Thematic Project Grant Research Grants – Regular www.fapesp.br/thematic Visiting Researcher Award – www.fapesp.br/en/visiting São Paulo Excellence Chair (SPEC) Publications Award Research, Innovation and Dissemination Participation in Scientific Meeting Award Centers (RIDCs) – https://cepid.fapesp.br/en/home Organization of Scientific Meeting Award Young Investigators Grant (YIG) – www.fapesp.br/en/yia - São Paulo School of Advanced Science (SPSAS) – Special Projects https://espca.fapesp.br/home
TABLE 12 BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH Disbursement and new projects contracted in 2019 by major knowledge area
Life Sciences Natural Sciences Human and Social Interdisciplinary and Engineering Sciences Programs Disbursement New projects Disbursement New projects Disbursement New projects Disbursement N ew projects $ PPP contracted $ PPP contracted $ PPP contracted $ PPP contracted Thematic and associated 67,409,099 643 42,281,091 654 6,466,739 143 367,935 13 SPEC and associated 906,578 6 1,564,196 12 177,016 3 127,198 0 RICD and associated 5,374,561 110 7,018,336 166 804,712 48 18,037,221 1 YIG and associated 21,165,261 337 7,642,687 127 1,766,406 52 128,9427 5 Special projects 0 0 9,580,289 10 0 0 0 0 and associated Regular Grants not 50,909,659 1,308 25,765,231 774 6,332,342 536 6,011,413 39 associated to other grants Total 145,765,158 2,404 93,851,830 1,743 15,547,214 782 24,672,710 58
54 FUNDING STRATEGIES BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
THEMATIC PROJECTS
Goal: support for research projects TABLE 13 with ambitious goals conducted by THEMATIC multidisciplinary teams for up to five years. Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects Includes National Institutes of Science and contracted in 2019 Technology (NISTs), in partnership with the Ministry for Science, Technology, Innovation Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active and Communications via the National Council associated $ PPP contracted projects for Scientific and Technological Development Research Grants – Thematic 60,272,941 80 478 (CNPq). Project Research Grants – Regular 389,535 36 76 Regular Grants – Participation 247,546 43 42 in Scientific Meetings Regular Grants – Visiting 1,346,458 45 65 Researcher Regular Grants – Publications 33,191 11 14 Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 52,442,823 1,084 2,680 Fellowship – Technical Training 1,782,246 152 306 Fellowship – Science Journalism 10,125 1 3 Fellowship – Public Education 0 1 1 Total 116,524,865 1,453 3,665
SPECIAL PROJECTS
Goal: support for projects with significant TABLE 14 scientific impact via participation in SPECIAL PROJECTS international consortia to assure access to Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects high-cost next-generation equipment and contracted in 2019 technology for researchers in São Paulo State. Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active associated $ PPP contracted projects Special Projects Grants 8,917,493 0 2 Research Grants – Visiting 40,519 0 1 Researcher Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 321,603 2 2 Research Internships and 191,064 4 11 Fellowships Abroad (RIA, RFA) Fellowship – Technical Training 109,610 4 7 Total 9,580,289 10 23
55 FAPESP 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: THEMATIC PROJECT
New species of electric eel discharges highest voltage of any known animal
A study revealed that there are at least three species of electric eel rather than just one as previously believed. One of the new species can discharge up to 860 volts. The findings were described in Nature Communications and reported by 1.104 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31386
Zoology RESEARCH GRANTS – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2016/19075-9 INSTITUTION: Museu de Zoologia/Universidade de São Paulo (USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Naercio Aquino Menezes DOCTORATE SCHOLARSHIP – FAPESP Process 2018/05084-1 INSTITUTION: Zoology Museum/University of São Paulo (USP) SUPERVISOR: Aléssio Datovo da Silva GRANTEE: Andreia Alexandra M. Miranda
Students and researchers at University of Campinas create animation on particle physics
A group of researchers and students in the Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics (IFGW) at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) combined physics and animation in a science dissemination project that resulted in a short entitled “Quarks and Leptons”, the first of a series made for lay audiences, especially young students. News stories about the film were carried by 34 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31681
Physics RESEARCH GRANTS – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2014/19164-6 INSTITUTION: Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics/University of Campinas (IFGW-UNICAMP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Orlando Luis Goulart Peres
56 FUNDING STRATEGIES BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: THEMATIC PROJECT
Brazilian scientists help build satellite that will look for ‘twins’ of Earth
Brazilian researchers developed a technique to measure light particles that will increase the precision of observations made using the PLATO satellite, built by the European Space Agency (ESA) and due for launch in 2026. The method will facilitate the identification of planets similar to Earth that are hard to detect owing to their size and distance from stars. The scientific research was reported in Astronomy & Astrophysics News stories about it were carried by 56 media outlets.
Astronomy RESEARCH GRANTS – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2016/13750-6 INSTITUTION: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences/University of São Paulo (IAG-USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Eduardo Janot Pacheco
University of São Paulo researcher modifies milk protein to improve older people’s digestion
A researcher at USP’s São Carlos Chemistry Institute with a scholarship from FAPESP and part of a team working on a Thematic Project used ultraviolet light to modify the structure of beta-lactoglobulin, the main whey protein in cow’s milk, making it easier for older people to digest. News stories on the research were carried by 35 media outlets.
http://www5.iqsc.usp.br/2019/pesquisadora- modifica-proteina-do-leite-para-aumentar-sua- digestao-em-idosos
Food Science and Technology RESEARCH GRANTS – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2017/01189-0 INSTITUTIONS: São Carlos Chemistry Institute/University of São Paulo (IQSC-USP) and University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Daniel Rodrigues Cardoso PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR ABROAD: Lilia Ahrne GRANTEE CNPq: Juliana Fracola
57 FAPESP 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: THEMATIC PROJECT
Combination of agrochemicals shortens life and modifies behavior of bees
A study suggested the effect of pesticides on bees could be worse than previously thought. Even when used at a level considered nonlethal, the insecticide clothianidin curtailed the lives of bees by up to 50%. The fungicide pyraclostrobin altered the behavior of worker bees and could jeopardize the survival of the entire colony. A report on the study appeared in Scientific Reports. News stories on the research were carried by 231 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/30609
Zoology RESEARCH GRANTS – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2017/21097-3 INSTITUTION: Center for Research on Social Insects/São Paulo State University (CEIS-UNESP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Osmar Malaspina
Growth hormone prevents weight loss, study shows
For decades scientists have been trying to understand why it is so difficult to maintain the weight achieved after a successful diet and so easy to regain the lost weight. Researchers at USP showed that growth hormone (GH), as well as leptin, acts directly on the brain to conserve energy when the body loses weight. The discovery was reported in Nature Conservations. News stories on the research were carried by 133 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/30192
Physiology RESEARCH GRANTS – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2017/02983-2 INSTITUTION: Biomedical Science Institute/University of São Paulo (ICB-USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: José Donato Junior
58 FUNDING STRATEGIES BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: THEMATIC PROJECT
First South American insect that emits blue light is discovered
Brazilian researchers discovered a new species of fungus gnat whose larvae emit blue light. The small fly inhabits an Atlantic Rainforest reserve in São Paulo State. This was the first documented find of a blue bioluminescent species in the Neotropics. Many bioluminescent insects and fungi have been studied in the region, but all emit green, yellow or red light. The discovery was described in Scientific Reports. News stories on the study were carried by 49 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31797
Biophysics RESEARCH GRANTS – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2017/22501-2 INSTITUTION: Chemistry Institute/University of São Paulo (IQ-USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Etelvino José Henriques Bechara
Fungus has decimated the populations of 501 amphibian species worldwide
A group of 42 researchers from 16 countries, including a zoologist at UNICAMP supported by FAPESP, found that a microscopic fungus with aquatic habits is responsible for the heaviest biodiversity loss ever found to be due to a single pathogen. The discovery was reported in Science. News stories on the research were carried by 30 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/30127
Zoology RESEARCH GRANTS – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2016/25358-3 INSTITUTION: Biology Institute/University of Campinas (IB-UNICAMP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Luis Felipe de Toledo R. Pereira
59 FAPESP 2019
BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
RESEARCH, INNOVATION AND DISSEMINATION CENTERS (RIDCs)
Goal: Support lasting up to 11 years for centers of excellence that conduct basic or applied research focusing on specific issues; active contributions to innovation via technology transfer; production of public policy input; extension activities for primary and secondary schools and the general public.
17 RIDCs, selected in 2013, were supported by FAPESP in 2019 and will continue to be supported until 2024:
• Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery (CIBFar): USP – São Carlos • CCenter for Research on Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS): Butantan Institute – São Paulo • Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC): USP – Ribeirão Preto • Optics and Photonics Research Center (CEPOF): USP – São Carlos • Center for Metropolitan Studies (CEM): USP – São Paulo • Food Research Center (FoRC): USP – São Paulo • Center for Research, Teaching, and Innovation in Glass (CeRTEV): UFSCar – São Carlos • Center for Research in Mathematical Sciences Applied to Industry (CeMEAI): USP – São Paulo • Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL): USP – São Paulo • Brazilian Research Institute for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN): UNICAMP – Campinas • Center for the Study of Violence (NEV): USP – São Paulo • Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC): UNICAMP – Campinas • Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID): USP – Ribeirão Preto • Center for Research on Redox Processes in Biomedicine (Redoxome): USP – São Paulo • Center for Computational Engineering and Sciences (CCES): UNICAMP – Campinas • Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center for Neuromathematics (NeuroMat): USP – São Paulo • Center for Development of Functional Materials (CDMF): UFSCar – São Carlos.
TABLE 15 RIDC Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active associated $ PPP contracted projects Research Grants RIDC 17,954,644 0 17 Research Grants – Regular 58,857 7 16 Regular Grants – Participation in Scientific 73,275 10 11 Meetings in Brazil and Abroad Regular Grants – Visiting Researcher 322,315 6 12 from Brazil and Abroad Regular Grants – Publications 2,419 1 1 Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 8,946,328 200 519 Research Internships and Fellowships Abroad 3,410,019 69 93 Fellowship – Technical Training 418,694 28 37 Fellowship – Science Journalism 48,279 4 6 Total 31,234,830 325 712
60 FUNDING STRATEGIES BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
HIGHLIGHTS IN INNOVATION & DISSEMINATION – 2019
Brain mathematics
Podcasts are among the tools used by Neuromat to publicize its research on the interface between neurobiology and mathematics. In 2019 they included “The Mathematics of the Brain”, which discussed the mathematical model of neuron firing developed by the RIDC’s team, the statistical framework required for rigorous treatment of the “statistical brain” conjecture, and the construction and production of cutting-edge science in Brazil.
Periodic table
In the International Year of the Periodic Table, UFSCar’s Open Laboratory of Interactivity for the Dissemination of Scientific and Technological Knowledge (LAbI) launched, in collaboration with CDMF, a platform offering information, videos and games on the 118 elements currently defined in the periodic table.
“I think I saw a scientist” cultural competition
In 2019, the RIDC Redoxome supported “I think I saw a scientist”, the second cultural competition created by a science diffusion group called Nunca Vi 1 Cientista (NV1C, meaning “I’ve never seen a scientist”). The goal is to encourage children to take an interest in the world of science. Contestants were divided into two age groups, 5-8 and 9-12. Each submitted a one-minute video with their answer to the question, “Why is science important?” Two hundred children took part, and prizes were awarded to the best three in each category.
The winners can be watched at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoV3CZXSCwQ.
Georeferenced database offers information on 12,000 schools in metropolitan São Paulo
A giant georeferenced database on almost 12,000 public and private schools in metropolitan São Paulo can be queried online via a platform developed by the Center for Metropolitan Studies (CEM). Queries can concern performance, operating conditions, socio-economic status, demographics, comparisons with neighboring schools and indicators for the metropolitan area, São Paulo State and Brazil, infrastructure, and administrative statistics. Visit: http://200.144.244.241:3002/geolocation.
Child Scientist Program
The program is an initiative of the Ribeirão Preto Blood Bank’s House of Science, run by the Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), and part of the project “Adopt a Scientist”, which brings together undergraduate and graduate students at USP with schoolchildren aged 12-18. The students mentor the children on specific topics chosen by the former and help them develop scientific initiation projects, which are presented and graded at a public event resembling a scientific conference.
61 FAPESP 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: RIDCs
Brazilian gene therapy cures terminal cancer
An innovative treatment for cancer that is known as CAR T-cell therapy and uses the patient’s own immune cells was tested for the first time in Latin America by researchers at CTC. The patient had advanced refractory lymphoma. Less than a month after infusion of the CAR T-cells the patient was pronounced cured. News stories on the case were carried by 980 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31675
Medicine RIDC – Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC) – FAPESP Process 2013/08135-2 and INCT INSTITUTION: Blood Bank, Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dimas Tadeu Covas
Light converted into heat to kill cancer cells
A technique invented at USP in São Carlos by researchers associated with the Center for Development of Functional Materials uses infrared light to release photoactive materials to deliver an anticancer drug and kill tumor cells by hyperthermia. The invention was described in the journal Applied Bio Materials. News stories about the innovation were carried by 175 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/30916
Materials Engineering and Metallurgy RIDC – CENTER FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (CDMF) FAPESP Process 2013/07296-2 INSTITUTION: Center for Exact Sciences and Technology (CCET)/Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Elson Longo da Silva DOCTORATE SCHOLARSHIP – FAPESP Process 2012/11166-4 Physics INSTITUTION: São Carlos Physics Institute/University of São Paulo (IFSC-USP) SUPERVISOR: Valtencir Zucolotto GRANTEE: Valéria Spolon Marangoni
62 FUNDING STRATEGIES BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
Brazilians develop technique to decontaminate organs before transplantation
A new technique for the decontamination of organs before transplantation using ultraviolet and red light irradiation was developed by Brazilian researchers at the Optics and Photonics Research Center (CEPOF0 in collaboration with Canadian researchers. The technique was described in an article published in Nature Communications. News stories about it were carried by 27 media outlets. https://agencia.fapesp.br/30194
Physics RIDC – Optics and Photonics Research Center (CEPOF) – FAPESP Process 2013/07276-1 INSTITUTION: São Carlos Physics Institute/University of São Paulo (IFSC-USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
Resolution platform compiles previously unavailable data on metropolitan São Paulo
The Center for Metropolitan Studies developed a platform that can be accessed by anyone to view information on demographics, ethnic groups and immigration, religion, education, income and employment in metropolitan São Paulo via maps and interactive graphics. News stories on the platform were carried by 12 media outlets. https://agencia.fapesp.br/31169
Interdisciplinary RIDC – Center for Metropolitan Studies (CEM) – FAPESP Process 2013/07616-7 INSTITUTION: Centro Brasileiro de Análise e Planejamento (Cebrap) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Marta Teresa da Silva Arretche
RESEARCH GRANTS – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2015/50127-2 Political Science INSTITUTIONS: School of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences/University of São Paulo (FFLCH-USP), University College London (UCL) and University of London, United Kingdom PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Eduardo Cesar Leão Marques PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR ABROAD: Michael Batty e Joana Barros
63 FAPESP 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: RICDs
Scientists identify novel parasite that has infected over 100 people in Northeast
A hitherto unknown parasite was found to have caused two deaths and left 150 people with severe infections in Aracaju, the capital of Sergipe State. According to studies by the Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases, the parasite is a flagellate and causes symptoms typical of leishmaniasis but is resistant to treatment. The discovery was reported in Emerging Infectious Diseases.News stories about it were carried by 351 media outlets.
Pharmacology RIDC – Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID) FAPESP Process 2013/08216-2 INSTITUTION: Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Fernando de Queiroz Cunha YOUNG INVESTIGATOR – FAPESP Process 2016/20258-0 Parasitology INSTITUTION: Center for Biological and Health Sciences/Federal University of São Carlos (CCBS-UFSCar) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Sandra Regina Costa Maruyama
Researchers create functional mini-liver by 3D bioprinting
Using human blood cells, Brazilian scientists at the Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL) succeeded in obtaining hepatic organoids (“mini-livers”) that performed all of the liver’s typical functions. The technique permits the production of hepatic tissue in the laboratory in only 90 days and may in the future become an alternative to organ transplantation. News stories about the innovation were carried by 133 media outlets. https://agencia.fapesp.br/32217
Genetics RIDC – Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL) FAPESP Process 2013/07793-6 INSTITUTION: Bioscience Institute/University of São Paulo (IB-USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Mayana Zatz
64 FUNDING STRATEGIES BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
Research shows there is no such thing as a safe dose of pesticide
Commissioned by the Health Ministry, an analysis of ten pesticides widely used in Brazil showed they were all highly toxic to the environment and life in any concentration, even if dosed at a thirtieth of the health surveillance authority’s recommendation. The study was performed by researchers affiliated with Butantan Institute and members of the Center for Research on Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling. News stories on the study were carried by 86 media outlets.
Biochemistry RIDC – Center for Research on Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) FAPESP Process 2013/07467-1 INSTITUTION: Butantan Institute PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Hugo Aguirre Armelin RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP ABROAD (RFA) – FAPESP Process 2016/05506-8 Geography INSTITUTIONS: School of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences/University of São Paulo (FFLCH-USP) and University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom SUPERVISOR ABROAD: Brian Gerard Garvey GRANTEE: Larissa Mies Bombardi Biochemistry RESEARCH GRANTS – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2013/07467-1 INSTITUTION: Institute of Technology/São Paulo State University (UNESP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Leonardo Fernando Fraceto
Bioactive material is produced by 3D printing
Researchers at the Center for Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials (CeRTEV), in collaboration with colleagues at Italy’s University of Padua, Pennsylvania State University in the United States and Egypt’s National Research Center, used 3D printing to produce a highly porous glass-ceramic material for tissue regeneration applications such as ocular prosthetics and dental treatment, among others. The innovation was reported in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society (JACS), and highlighted in a special editorial feature. News stories about it were carried by 13 media outlets. https://agencia.fapesp.br/30907 Materials Engineering and Metallurgy RIDC – Center for Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials (CeRTEV) FAPESP Process 2013/07793-6 INSTITUTION: Center for Exact Sciences and Technology/Federal University of São Carlos (CCET/UFSCar) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Edgard Dutra Zanotto
65 FAPESP 2019
BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
YOUNG INVESTIGATORS GRANT (YIG)
Goal: Attracting young PhDs from Brazil TABLE 16 and other countries to create new research YOUNG INVESTIGATORS groups, and training new science leaders with Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects the aim of building a scientific community contracted in 2019 of excellence in São Paulo State. Phase 2 of the program aims to consolidate research Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active lines initiated by researchers who previously associated $ PPP contracted projects received support from the program and Young Investigators Grants(1) 18,875,412(2) 88(3) 312 achieved excellence in their performance Young Investigators Fellowships(1) 3,207,935 27 92 during the development of their projects. Research Grants – Regular 111,986 13 28 Regular Grants – Participation 17,456 2 2 in Scientific Meetings Abroad Regular Grants – Visiting 105,356 9 8 Researcher Regular Grants – Publication 4,132 1 1 Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 5,835,791 280 616 Regular Scholarships/ 2,202,504 52 89 Fellowships Abroad Fellowship – Technical Training 336,512 48 80 Fellowships for Participation in 6,212 1 0 Courses Abroad Total 30,703,296 521 1,228 (1) Not including Young Investigator grants and fellowships associated with other programs. (2) $ PPP 2.383.242 only considers YI Phase 2. (3) 33 only considers YI Phase 2.
SÃO PAULO EXCELLENCE CHAIR (SPEC)
Goal: Support for high-level researchers based TABLE 17 abroad to come to Brazil to set up research SPEC centers at universities in São Paulo State. They Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects remain affiliated with their home institutions contracted in 2019 but undertake to stay in Brazil for 12 weeks per year for the duration of the project, Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active which must last at least five years. They associated $ PPP contracted projects each coordinate a group of FAPESP grantees Research Grant SPEC 1,671,251 2 12 comprising postdoctoral researchers, PhDs, Research Grants – Regular 0 0 1 and scientific initiation students. Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 792,127 7 40 Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 308,144 11 12 (RFA and RIA) Fellowship – Technical Training 3,466 1 3 Total 2,774,988 21 68
66 FUNDING STRATEGIES BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: YOUNG INVESTIGATORS GRANT
Vigorous exercise can control diabetes in obese individuals, study shows
Experiments with mice conducted at UNICAMP showed that vigorous physical exercise such as strength and weight training can reduce accumulated liver fat and improve blood sugar control in obese and diabetic individuals in a short time span, even before significant weight loss occurs. The study was reported in the Journal of Endocrinology. News stories about it were carried by 549 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/30730
Physical Education YOUNG INVESTIGATORS GRANT – FAPESP Process 2015/07199-2 INSTITUTION: School of Applied Sciences/University of Campinas (FCA-UNICAMP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Leandro Pereira de Moura
Researchers explain “river of smoke” that blackened daytime sky in São Paulo
Two systems that monitor atmospheric pollutants, developed with FAPESP’s support, helped scientists understand the rare phenomena seen in São Paulo City on Monday August 19, when darkness fell suddenly in mid-afternoon and dark-gray rain fell shortly afterward in parts of the metropolitan area. They concluded that the particles originated in forest fires in the Center- West and North of Brazil, interacting with clouds brought by a cold front that blew in from the south. News stories on the scientists’ findings were carried by 146 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31290
Geosciences YOUNG INVESTIGATORS GRANT – FAPESP Process 1998/14891-2 and 2001/05025-4 INSTITUTIONS: Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN) and Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences/University of São Paulo (IAG-USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Eduardo Landulfo and Saulo Ribeiro de Freitas
67 FAPESP 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: YOUNG INVESTIGATORS GRANT
Multidrug-resistant bacteria are found outside hospital environment
Bacteria of the species Klebsiella are among the most frequent causes of hospital-acquired infections and also among those that have most developed resistance to antibiotics in recent years. The discovery was reported in the Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance News stories about the research were carried by 125 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31430
Microbiology YOUNG INVESTIGATORS GRANT – FAPESP Process 2013/22581-5 INSTITUTION: University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: André Pitondo da Silva
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: SPEC
Black carbon found in Amazon River reveals recent forest burnings
For the first time a study quantified and characterized the black carbon that enters the waters of the Amazon in the form of charcoal and soot produced by incomplete burning of trees and is transported to the Atlantic Ocean. The study was reported in Nature Communications. News stories on the research were carried by 36 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31876
Geosciences and Ecology RESEARCH GRANT - São Paulo Excellence Chair (SPEC) FAPESP Processes 2018/18491-4 and 2012/51187-0 INSTITUTION: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture/University of São Paulo (CENA-USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Jeffrey Edward Richey
68 FUNDING STRATEGIES BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
REGULAR GRANTS NOT ASSOCIATED TO OTHER GRANTS
Regular grants are awarded in response to applications submitted spontaneously by researchers with a PhD who require support. The following types are awarded: Research Grants – Regular (support for individual research projects); Grants for Participation in Scientific Meetings, Organization of Scientific Meetings, Publications (books, articles and other publications in scientific journals reporting original research results), and Visiting Researchers.
São Paulo School of Advanced Science (SPSAS) SPSAS awards are a type of Regular Grant for Organization of Scientific Meetings to support short courses for graduate students and postdocs from Brazil and elsewhere delivered by leading Brazilian and foreign scientists. Nine SPSASs were held in 2019 – seven at the University of São Paulo (USP), one at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and one at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The topics related to Medicine, Psychology, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Astronomy, Physics, General Biology, Administration, and Interdisciplinary.
TABLE 18 REGULAR GRANTS Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
Regular Grants(1) not associated to other Disbursement New projects Active grants and fellowships associated $ PPP contracted projects Research Grants – Regular 72,045,512 1,076 3,619 Regular Grants – Participation in Scientific 108,715 61 54 Meetings in Brazil Regular Grants – Participation in Scientific 2,138,631 318 0 Meetings Abroad Regular Grants – Organization 8,516,765 404 720 Regular Grants – Publication 1,231,531 317 525 Regular Grants – Visiting Researcher (Brazil) 468,197 10 13 Regular Grants – Visiting Researcher (Abroad) 1,530,903 99 124 Fellowship – Technical Training 1,968,477 338 638 Regular Fellowship – Postdoctorate 1,009,914 34 36 Total 89,018,645 2,657 5,729 (1) Not included Regular Research Grants associated with other programs. For a complete overview of FAPESP's investment in all types of grant, see pages 112 and 113.
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Risk of death from yellow fever can be detected sooner
Researchers affiliated with USP and the Emílio Ribas Infectology Institute in São Paulo (IIER-SP) identified markers that predict the risk of death in patients with symptoms of yellow fever, helping prevent progression to severe illness and improving the probability of recovery. The study was reported in Lancet Infectious Diseases. News stories on the research were carried by 36 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31187
Medicine REGULAR RESEARCH GRANT – FAPESP Process 2016/01735-2 INSTITUTION: Institute of Tropical Medicine/University of São Paulo (IMT-USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Ester Cerdeira Sabino
Overweight adolescents may develop heart disorders
A study conducted at UNRESP suggested that overweight and obese adolescents have a similarly augmented risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The results of cardiovascular fitness tests with overweight and obese male and female volunteers aged 10-17 were similar. The study was reported in Cardiology in the Young. News stories on the research were carried by 566 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/30551
Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy REGULAR RESEARCH GRANT – FAPESP Process 2016/02994-1 INSTITUTION: School of Philosophy and Sciences/São Paulo State University (FFC-UNESP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Vitor Engrácia Valente
70 FUNDING STRATEGIES BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: GRANTS
Overtraining can affect heart, liver and muscles
Studies conducted at USP in Ribeirão Preto showed that the effects of overtraining on the organism go far beyond sporting performance decline and can damage the skeletal muscles, heart, liver and central nervous system. Results were reported in Cytokine. News stories on the research were carried by 532 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/30809
Physical Education REGULAR RESEARCH GRANT – FAPESP Process 2017/09038-1 INSTITUTION: Ribeirão Preto School of Physical Education and Sports/University of São Paulo (EEFERP-USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
Medication for menstrual pain relief proves effective against schistosomiasis
Widely used for menstrual period pain relief, the anti-inflammatory drug mefenamic acid has now proven to be effective in the treatment of schistosomiasis. In experiments with mice the drug reduced the parasite burden by more than 80%. This percentage exceeds the gold standard for drug efficacy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results of the research were reported in EbioMedicine, an open access journal owned by The Lancet. News stories about it were carried by393 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31232
Parasitology REGULAR RESEARCH GRANT – FAPESP Process 2019/09680-0 INSTITUTION: Guarulhos University (UNG) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Josué de Moraes
71 FAPESP 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: GRANTS
Listening to music while driving reduces cardiac stress
A study by researchers at UNESP in Marília showed that cardiac stress in the participants was reduced by listening to instrumental music while driving. The study was reported in the journal Complementary Therapies in Medicine. News stories about it were carried by 409 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31886
Medicine REGULAR RESEARCH GRANT – FAPESP Process 2012/01366-6 INSTITUTION: School of Philosophy and Sciences/São Paulo State University (FFC-UNESP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Vitor Engrácia Valente
Compound from Brazilian plants combats leishmaniasis and Chagas disease
Researchers at Adolfo Lutz Institute discovered that a natural compound isolated from trees of the species Nectranda leucantha, a close cousin of the Jamaican sweetwood that is known in Brazil as canela-seca or canela- branca, could result in novel medications to treat visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. The findings were described in Scientific Reports and the European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry and reported by EbioMedicine, an open access journal by The Lancet. News stories on the research were carried by 393 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/30954
Parasitology REGULAR RESEARCH GRANT – FAPESP Process FAPESP 2018/10279-6 INSTITUTION: Adolfo Lutz Institute PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: André Gustavo Tempone Cardoso
72 FUNDING STRATEGIES RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
FUNDING STRATEGIES
RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
APESP runs a number of research programs that promote In 2019, FAPESP disbursed collaboration between companies and universities or research $ PPP 50.6 million institutions and stimulate the development of technological for collaborative research innovation in São Paulo State. In addition, FAPESP is supporting F projects involving a study to establish conceptual and operational parameters universities and companies for the creation of Innovation & Creativity Districts in São Paulo as well as research projects and Campinas. to support innovation by small business.
RELATED PROGRAMS
Engineering Research Centers (ERCs)/Applied Research Centers (ARCs) – www.fapesp.br/cpe/home Research Partnership for Technological Innovation Program (PITE) – www.fapesp.br/en/12050 Innovative Research in Small Business Program (PIPE) Intellectual Property Support Program (PAPI-Nuplitec) Innovation Districts
TABLE 19 RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION Disbursement (in $ PPP) and number of new projects contracted for as research in partnership with companies in 2019, by major knowledge area
Programs Life Sciences Natural Sciences Interdisciplinary Human and Social and Engineering Sciences Disbursement New projects Disbursement New projects Disbursement New projects Disbursement New projects ($ PPP) contracted ($ PPP) contracted ($ PPP) contracted ($ PPP) contracted ERCs/ARCs and associated 3,422,947 8 3,270,336 37 1,130.041 5 234,934 2 PITE and associated 496,082 5 1,000,778 15 410,079 6 0 0 PIPE and associated 13,587,348 221 22,351,506 332 2,636,094 51 1,054,306 37 PAPI-Nuplitec and associated 0 0 15,817 7 55,980 5 40,362 2 Innovation Districts 0 0 0 0 942,850 0 0 0 Total 17,506,377 234 26,638,437 391 5,175,044 67 1,329,602 41
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RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTERS / APPLIED RESEARCH CENTERS (ERCs/ARCs)
ERCs/ARCs operate in accordance with an innovative collaborative research model: they enable companies’ research teams to conduct In 2019, FAPESP disbursed effective collaboration for a long period (five to ten years) with a $ PPP 8.0 million to fund 118 university or research institution, creating shared knowledge in areas projects for ERCs/ARCs of common interest with significant potential for application of results. established in partnership with Research projects are co-funded by FAPESP, partner companies and host eight companies and institutions responsible for operating costs and salaries. academic institutions.
ERCs/ARCs established in 2019:
• Engineering Research Center in Energy Production and Innovation, in partnership with Equinor (formerly Statoil), hosted by UNICAMP’s School of Mechanical Engineering;
• São Paulo Advanced Research Center for Biological Control (SPARCBio), in partnership with Koppert, hosted by the University of São Paulo’s Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ-USP);
• Center for Plant Health in Sugarcane, in partnership with São Martinho, hosted by UNESP’s Jaboticabal School of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences;
• Engineering Research Center in Artificial Intelligence, in partnership with IBM, hosted by USP – selected in 2019 and operational as of 2020.
TABLE 20 ERCs/ARCs Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active associated $ PPP contracted projects Grants – ERCs/ARCs 6,041,570 3 12 Regular Research Grants 10,267 1 2 Regular Scholarships/Fellowships in Brazil 1,597,584 34 82 Regular Scholarships/Fellowships Abroad 280,886 3 7 Fellowships – Technical Training 127,951 11 15 Total 8,058,258 52 118
74 FUNDING STRATEGIES RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
Seven ERCs/ARCs established in previous years and now up and running:
• Engineering Research Center on Green Chemistry, in partnership with GSK, hosted by Federal University São Carlos (UFSCar);
• Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), in partnership with GSK, hosted by Butantan Institute;
• Applied Research Center on Wellbeing and Human Behavior, in partnership with Natura, hosted by USP’s Psychology Institute;
• Research Center for Gas Innovation, in partnership with Shell, hosted by USP’s Engineering School;
• Engineering Research Center on combustion engines powered by biofuels, in partnership with Peugeot-Citroën, hosted by University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
• Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, in partnership with EMBRAPA, hosted by UNICAMP;
• Center for Innovation in New Energies, in partnership with Shell, with four research divisions, hosted by UNICAMP (Advanced Energy Storage and Dense Energy Carriers), USP (Materials Science and Computational Chemistry) and IPEN (Sustainable Route for Conversion of Methane with Advanced Chemical Technologies) – 20 projects contracted for.
APPLIED RESEARCH CENTERS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
FAPESP will participate in the creation of eight Applied Research Centers (ARCs) in Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Brazil via cooperation with the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (MCTIC), FAPESP and the Internet Steering Committee for Brazil (CGI.br). The cooperation agreement was announced by ST&I Minister Marcos Pontes during the opening ceremony of the Latin American and Caribbean Regional Forum on Artificial Intelligence, held at the University of São Paulo (USP) on December 12, 2019.
The ARCs will focus on research in ST&I to solve problems using AI.
The first four, two in São Paulo and two in other states, will focus on health, agriculture, industry, and smart cities. Each ARC will be eligible to receive up to $ PPP 443.8 million per year from FAPESP plus $ PPP 443.8 million from partner companies. The centers will be supported for five years, renewable for another five years depending on the results achieved.
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RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
ERC/ARC INITIATIVES IN 2019
FAPESP and Shell plan to launch offshore innovation R&D center
FAPESP and Shell plan to launch an offshore innovation center focusing on research and development of technologies for next-generation deep-sea oil production systems. The new center will be the third launched in partnership with Shell under the aegis of FAPESP’s Engineering Research Center (ERC) program. The others are the Research Center for Gas Innovation (RCGI), and the Center for Innovation in New Energies (CINE). One of the new center’s research lines will concern enhancements to the facilities and equipment used in floating production, storage and offloading units (FPSO). Another will relate to the development of subsea processing and production systems.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/32836
RCGI tests natural gas to fuel hybrid car
Researchers at the Research Center for Gas Innovation (RCGI), an ERC set up by FAPESP and Shell, are testing natural gas in a hybrid vehicle powered by gasoline. They installed two natural gas tanks, each for 7.5 cubic meters. In preliminary tests the hybrid modified by the engineers averaged 22 kilometers per liter of gasoline, and about 28 kilometers per cubic meter of gas in city traffic.
The next round of tests will involve more rigorous measurement of fuel consumption, and of emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases and pollutants. The use of biomethane instead of natural gas and of ethanol instead of gasoline will also be tested.
https://pesquisaparainovacao.fapesp.br/1252
RCGI wins ANP prize for technological innovation
RCGI won a 2019 ANP Technological Innovation Prize for the research project “Construction of deep- sea salt caverns for CO2 [carbon dioxide] and CH4 [methane] capture, storage and separation”. ANP is Brazil’s oil and gas regulator (its full title is National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuel Agency). The prizes were awarded at a ceremony held in Rio de Janeiro on November 28.
https://pesquisaparainovacao.fapesp.br/1221
CENTD at FAPESP Week London
Studies of natural toxins and molecules derived from them that can be used to develop drugs for the treatment of cancer or osteoarthritis, among other diseases, were presented by the Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD) at FAPESP Week London, held on February 11-12 at the Royal Society.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/29791
76 FUNDING STRATEGIES RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: ERCs/ARCs
Interactive maps show potential for power generation from biogas in São Paulo
RCGI released a groundbreaking set of interactive maps called “Biogas, Biomethane, and Electric Power”. Available on the internet, the maps show São Paulo State’s potential biogas and biomethane production, and potential electricity generation from biogas, by municipality, according to three major sources for obtaining natural gas: livestock waste, urban waste, and sugar and ethanol industry residues. News stories about the online tool were carried by 23 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31264
Mechanical Engineering ERC RESEARCH CENTER FOR GAS INNOVATION (RCGI) – FAPESP Process 2014/50279-4 COMPANY: Shell HOST INSTITUTION: Escola Politécnica da USP PARTNER INSTITUTIONS: Energy and Environment Institute (IEE), São Carlos Chemistry Institute (IQSC), Law School (FDLSF), Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), USP PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Julio Romano Meneghini
Biotechnology could make agriculture resilient to climate change
Researchers at GCCRC identified fungi and bacteria that boost sugarcane growth and later inoculated these microorganisms into corn plants. Experiments resulted in plants that were more resistant to water scarcity, as well as a threefold increase in biomass. News stories about the research were carried by 30 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/32460
Genetics ERC GENOMICS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH CENTER (GCCRC) – FAPESP Process 2016/23218-0 COMPANY: Embrapa HOST INSTITUTION: University of Campinas (UNICAMP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Paulo Arruda
77 FAPESP 2019
RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP FOR TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION PROGRAM (PITE)
PITE supports scientific and technological research projects conducted at universities or research institutions in São Paulo State in cooperation with In 2019, FAPESP disbursed researchers at companies of any size and based in Brazil or abroad. $ 1.9 million to support 99 research projects proposed Research proposals can be submitted at any time (PITE Spontaneous Demand) or in response to calls issued under the aegis of cooperation by 25 empresas, companies, agreements between FAPESP and partner companies interested in for development in solutions to challenges facing the company, an industry or an economic partnership with universities sector (PITE Agreements). and research institutions. In 2019, FAPESP renewed for ten years its PITE Agreements with Braskem and Rhodia Poliamida e Especialidades S.A. (Solvay Group).
IN 2019
15 companies with projects in progress under PITE Agreements: : Agilent, Andaraguá S.A., AstraZeneca, BioZeus*, BP Biocombustíveis, Braskem, Copag, Fundação Biominas*, Fundação Grupo Boticário, IBM Brasil, Informática de Municípios Associados (IMA)*, Intel, Microsoft, Rodhia and Sabesp. 10 companies with projects in progress under PITE Spontaneous Demand: AgroBio, bioMérieux Brasil S.A., Cetesb, Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração, EMS S.A., Infibra S.A., Medicines for Malaria Venture, Padtec, Proteca Biotecnologia Florestal Ltda. and Structural Genomics Consortium. * Companies with active agreements but no projects in progress in 2019
TABLE 21 PITE Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active associated $ PPP contracted projects Research Grants – PITE 1,504,256 4 46 Research Grants – Regular 8,991 0 1 Fellowships – Technical Trainning 86,680 8 18 Regular Scholarships/Fellowships in Brazil 307,013 14 34 Total 1,906,940 26 99
78 FUNDING STRATEGIES RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
PITE INITIATIVES IN 2019
International consortium to develop drugs against malaria and Chagas disease
An international consortium set up to develop novel drugs for neglected diseases and malaria by FAPESP in partnership with the Universities of São Paulo (USP) and Campinas (UNICAMP) and nonprofit organizations Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) and Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV).
Supported under the aegis of the PITE program, the initiative will receive investments amounting to $ PPP 19.3 millionin five years. FAPESP will invest $ PPP 3.5 million, while DNDi and MMV together will invest $ PPP 5.7 million. UNICAMP and USP will jointly contribute $ PPP 10.2 million in research infrastructure and personnel costs. The overall objective is to identify preclinical candidates with a chance of becoming novel drugs against Chagas disease, visceral leishmaniasis and malaria.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/32014
Niobium-titanium prostheses
A project in progress at the São Paulo State Technological Research Institute (IPT) aims to produce orthopedic prostheses with the alloys niobium-titanium and titanium-niobium-zirconium by selective laser fusion. The first units are currently being fabricated by 3D printing using these materials in powder form.
In addition to funding from PITE under an agreement between FAPESP and Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração, the project has support from the Brazilian Industrial Research and Innovation Corporation (EMBRAPII), the Handicapped Children’s Association (AACD), the Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department of the University of São Paulo’s Engineering School (POLI-USP) and IPT’s Metallurgical Process Laboratory.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/29858
Call for food security projects
In November 2019, FAPESP issued the first call for proposals for “Improvements to plant protein products for human consumption” under the aegis of the Crops of the Future Collaborative. Led by the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research (FFAR), Crops of the Future brings together companies and research institutions in several countries that collaborate to enhance global agriculture by developing the crops needed to feed a growing population in a 20- to 50-year timeframe. FAPESP joined Crops of the Future in 2018.
The PITE program and other funding instruments will support the selected projects, which must propose innovative ways of improving the characteristics, yields and total protein content of plants grown for human consumption. The call specified three areas: genomic resources and technological tools for new or underutilized crops; improvement of the functional and nutritional properties of plant-based proteins; and market analysis for new or underutilized crops.
79 FAPESP 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: PITE
Novel molecule interrupts malaria parasite’s lifecycle
A study proved that a molecule called TCMDC-135051 can selectively inhibit a protein essential to the lifecycle of Plasmodium falciparum, one of the parasites that causes malaria. Worldwide the disease kills nearly 500,000 people per year, and more than 200 million new cases are reported annually. The researchers included members of the University of Campinas’s Center for Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED- UNICAMP), a unit of EMBRAPII that belongs to the Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), an international drug discovery network. The results, which pave the way for the development of a new antimalarial drug, were reported in the journal Science. News stories about the study were carried by 276 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31532
Interdisciplinary PITE – FAPESP Process 2013/50724-5 AGREEMENT WITH: Structural Genomics Consortium INSTITUTION: Center for Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED)/Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Paulo Arruda
Technique developed in Brazil aims to enable transplantation of organs from pigs to humans
Presented at FAPESP Week London, a project being conducted by pharmaceutical company EMS with USP as science coordinator will assess how the organism of patients waiting for a liver transplant reacts to blood from genetically modified pigs. Pigs’ organs are very similar to ours but transplants would currently be rejected. The idea is to modify them so that they are compatible with the human organism. The underlying aim of the project was to reduce the organ donor waiting list or eliminate it completely. News stories about the research were carried by 27 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/29771
Genetics PITE – FAPESP Process 2018/14275-5 PARTNER COMPANY AND INSTITUTION: EMS S.A. and Medical School/University of São Paulo (FM-USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Silvano Mario Attilio Raia
80 FUNDING STRATEGIES RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAM (PIPE)
PIPE supports entrepreneurs who want to convert knowledge into novel products or services. Proposals submitted by startups and Since its inception in 1997, firms with up to 250 employees are selected in four annual calls PIPE has supported 2,458 projects for proof-of-concept testing (Phase 1) and project development conducted by 1,499 startups and proper (Phase 2). other small firms in 144 municipalities The industrial and commercial development of innovative across São Paulo State. products (Phase 3) is supported by FAPESP under an agreement In 2019, 641 new projects by with FINEP, the Brazilian government’s innovation agency, called 217 firms were contracted for, PIPE-PAPPE Grants. and a total of $ PPP 39.6 million Besides the four annual calls for proposals, the program issued was allocated to 1,435 active a call entitled “Strategic Research on the Internet 2019” in projects, including associated partnership with the Ministry for Science, Technology, Innovation projects and projects contracted for and Communications (MCTIC) and the Internet Steering in previous years. Committee for Brazil (CGI.br).
TABLE 22
PIPE Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active associated $ PPP contracted projects Research Grants – PIPE 28,880,145 234 639 Fellowship – Research in Small Business 6,312,820 137 270 Fellowships – Technical Training 4,422,938 266 523 Regular Grants 13,351 4 3 Total 39,629,254 641 1,435
81 FAPESP 2019
RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION: PIPE
CHART 5
GEOGRAPHY OF INNOVATION IN SÃO PAULO STATE Companies supported by PIPE in Administrative Regions (AR) of São Paulo – since 1997*
30 AR São José 6 9 do Rio Preto AR Barretos AR Franca
5 AR Araçatuba 93 AR Ribeirão Preto
191 AR Central 5 9 AR Presidente AR Bauru Prudente 9 396 AR Marília AR Campinas
107 AR São José 65 dos Campos AR Sorocaba 554 Cities with the most companies AR São Paulo supported since 1997 2 AR Itapeva São Paulo 447 11 AR Santos Campinas 206 2 São Carlos 175 AR Registro São José dos Campos 96 Ribeirão Preto 65 Piracicaba 44 Botucatu 23 Sorocaba 23 São José do Rio Preto 17 Indaiatuba 13 Santana de Parnaíba 13 Araraquara 15 Limeira 12 Cotia 11 São Bernardo do Campo 11 Jaboticabal 11 Jundiaí 11
* No city identified for five companies.
82 FUNDING STRATEGIES RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
PIPE INICIATIVES IN 2019
$ PPP 8.9 million for modernization of public Innovation training in the UK administration FAPESP and the Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE) selected ten FAPESP and FINEP issued a call for proposals under the startups supported by PIPE Phase 1 to attend the training program auspices of the PIPE/PAPPE Grant program to invest Leaders in Innovation Fellowships (LIF), held in the United Kingdom $ PPP 8.9 million in non-repayable funds to help small firms on November 11-22, 2019. in São Paulo State promote smart government by developing LIF is designed to help entrepreneurs develop business plans innovative products, processes and services that can be used for innovation. The course is immersive and offers mentors and by public authorities. Approved projects will be supported opportunities for networking with global innovation experts. The for up to 24 months. list of firms selected in 2019 can be seen atwww.fapesp.br/13573 . https://agencia.fapesp.br/29880
WEG acquires controlling share in equity of company supported PIPE Entrepreneur helps startups learn more about markets by PIPE-FAPESP
PIPE Entrepreneur (the High Tech Entrepreneurship Training At the end of the 1990s, PPI-Multitask, a small firm supported by Program) offers entrepreneurs selected in Phase 1 of the PIPE PIPE, began developing software to manage production processes. program an opportunity to increase their chances of success Programs of this kind are known as manufacturing execution by improving their business plans and aligning projects with systems (MES). With the advent of industry 4.0, the software the market. Twenty-one startups have participated in each written by PPI-Multitask, already in use in over 200 factories in of the four seven-week annual editions. In 2019, the 13th Brazil and a dozen in other countries by customers in several edition offered startups an opportunity for direct contact industries, attracted the interest of WEG, a Brazilian electrical with the market and a chance to identify prospective engineering and automation multinational. WG wanted to customers and partners. expand and diversify by entering this market in digital solutions https://pesquisaparainovacao.fapesp.br/1244 for industry 4.0. In September 2019 it announced an agreement www.fapesp.br/pipe/empreendedor to acquire a 51% interest in the equity of PPI-Multitask, with an option to increase its stake in future.
PIPE Dialogue tours São Paulo State https://agencia.fapesp.br/31799
Every three months FAPESP holds meetings with entrepreneurs across São Paulo State to disseminate Nanox is selected for Silicon Valley accelerator program information about the PIPE program. The events are Nanox Tecnologia was one of 15 startups selected among 1,000 opportunities for startups interested in presenting worldwide to participate in a business acceleration program offered proposals for funding to ask questions about the application in Silicon Valley by the Plug and Play global innovation platform process before the deadline for submission. In 2019, besides in 2019. Selected in the categories New Materials and Food & meetings held at FAPESP, in the state assembly and with Beverages, Nanox developed a bactericidal and antimicrobial ABIMAQ, the national machine industry association, the solution for use in plastic packaging or PVC film to increase product Dialogue on Support for Innovative Research in Small Business shelf life. The development of the technology in its various stages took place in Piracicaba, Santos, Santo André, Lorena was supported by PIPE. and Araçatuba. https://pesquisaparainovacao.fapesp.br/1138
83 FAPESP 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: PIPE
Serological test that detects antibodies against zika virus goes on sale in Brazil
A serological test that detects the presence of antibodies against zika virus was developed by Meios de Cultura Barth and licensed by ANVISA after a trial involving 3,000 women. The test is an advance on those available hitherto because it detects zika even after the acute phase of the disease is over and is accurate even if the subject has had dengue or yellow fever. News stories on the innovation were carried by 316 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31959
Microbiology PIPE-PAPPE – FAPESP Process 2016/08727-5 COMPANY: Meios de Cultura Barth Ltda. ME/AdvaGen Biotech INSTITUTIONS: Institute of Biomedical Sciences/University of São Paulo (ICB-USP) and Butantan Institute PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira
Clothing with nanotechnology controls heat and odor and repels insects
In partnership with textile manufacturers, São Paulo-based startup Nanox developed fabric containing nanometric particles to eliminate the microorganisms that produce body odor, reflect solar radiation and release insect repellent in a controlled fashion. The firm is a spinoff from the Center for Research and Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), one of the Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers (RIDCs) funded by FAPESP. It was founded in 2004 and has had several projects approved for PIPE funding. News stories about the innovation were carried by 22 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/30191
Materials Engineering and Metallurgy PIPE – FAPESP Process 2017/15924-4 COMPANY: Nanox Tecnologia S/A INSTITUTION: RIDC CDMF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Guilherme Carvalho Tremiliosi
84 FUNDING STRATEGIES RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: PIPE
Portable device can be used to diagnose eye disease remotely
A portable device connected to a smartphone makes precise images of the retina to detect back-of-the-eye (fundus) disease at a far lower cost than conventional methods. Created by Phelcom Technologies, the Eyer can be used for remote diagnosis via telemedicine. It ships with a high-quality smartphone and costs approximately USD 5,000. The most widely used conventional ophthalmoscope has to be connected to a computer and costs about $ PPP 53,200. News stories on the innovation were carried by 21 media outlets.
https://pesquisaparainovacao.fapesp.br/1053
Biomedical Engineering PIPE – FAPESP Process 2016/00985-5 COMPANY: Phelcom Technologies Ltda. ME PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Flávio Pascoal Vieira
Startup develops wireless communications system to monitor street lighting
Desh Tecnologia plans to bring an innovative system to market this year that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to control street lighting. The São Paulo-based startup was selected in a call for proposals on Smart Cities-Sustainable Cities issued under the aegis of the PIPE/PAPPE Grant program in 2016. It developed both the hardware and software for its smart street lighting control system, which is wirelessly connected to the internet. The firm plans to extend the system’s functionality beyond street lighting to the control of traffic lights, parking meters, and water and gas consumption. News stories on the project were carried by 3 media outlets.
https://pesquisaparainovacao.fapesp.br/1013
Electrical Engineering PIPE-PAPPE – FAPESP Process 2016/10198-0 COMPANY: Desh Tecnologia PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Douglas Malvar Ribas
85 FAPESP 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: PIPE
Startup develops hydroponic roof tiles for the cultivation of ornamental plants or crops
Specializing in green roof research, production and dissemination, Instituto Cidade Jardim developed a green roof system that does not require waterproofing. The project was selected in a call for proposals on Smart Cities-Sustainable Cities issued under the aegis of the PIPE/PAPPE Grant program in 2016. News stories on the innovation were carried by 7 media outlets.
https://pesquisaparainovacao.fapesp.br/970
Agronomy PIPE-PAPPE – FAPESP Process 2016/10264-3 COMPANY: Instituto Cidade Jardim Ltda. ME PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Sérgio Fausto Rizzi Rocha
Biotechnology can reduce paper production costs
Biotech startup Verdartis developed a process to produce enzymes (proteins that act as catalysts) capable of making pulp manufacturing more sustainable and reducing the environmental impact of the pulp and paper industry. According to an assessment performed at the Pulp & Paper Laboratory of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) in Minas Gerais State, the blend of enzymes produced by Verdartis reduces electricity consumption in the refining stage by approximately 30%. News stories on the innovation were carried by 17 media outlets.
https://pesquisaparainovacao.fapesp.br/935
Chemical Engineering PIPE-PAPPE – FAPESP Process 2013/50652-4 COMPANY: Verdartis Desenvolvimento Biotecnológico Ltda. ME PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Luana Martins de Andrade da Cruz
86 FUNDING STRATEGIES RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SUPPORT PROGRAM (PAPI/NUPLITEC)
The Intellectual Property Support Program (PAPI), established in 2000, works to foster a technology patenting and licensing culture among In 2019, FAPESP allocated researchers in São Paulo State via the Technology Patenting and Licensing $ PPP 112,200 to PAPI-Nuplitec, Center (Nuplitec). which supports the protection Between 1982 and 2019, 1,483 patent applications of interest to FAPESP of intellectual property were filed with the National Industrial Property Institute (INPI), Brazil’s and licensing of rights to patent office. In 2019, 291 of these applications had resulted in patents, the results of research funded 1,106 were still being processed, and 176 had been denied. by the Foundation.
CHART 6 TABLE 23 PATENT APPLICATIONS FILED – 1982 TO 2019 PAPI/ PATENT APPLICATIONS FILED – NUPLITEC PROGRAM ESTABLISHED 1982 TO 2019 PAPI/NUPLITEC PROGRAM ESTABLISHED By major knowledge area 109 Creation of the PAPI/Nuplitec 91 90 87 82 83 Knowledge area Number of filings 78 80 79 81 75 77 74 77 71 Life Sciences 623 65 63 62 Natural Sciences and 836 Engineering Human and Social Sciences 6 28 Interdisciplinary 5 14 14 Not identified 13 3 Total 1,483 1982 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 to 1998
TABLE 24 BREAKDOWN OF 1,483* PATENT APPLICATIONS FILED BY IPC CLASS – 1982 TO 2019
Section A Human necessities 610 Section B Performing operations; Transporting 167 Section C Chemistry; Metallurgy 799 Section D Textiles; Paper 12 Section E Fixed constructions 10 Section F Mechanical Engineering; Lighting; Heating; 16 Weapons; Blasting Section G Physics 284 Section H Electricity 88
* Some applications were classified in more than one IPC class by INPI (IPC = International Patent Classification; INPI = Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial)..
87 FAPESP 2019
FUNDING STRATEGIES
RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC THEMES
his funding line covers a group of programs through which FAPESP invested FAPESP seeks to encourage research projects on topics $ PPP 33.5 million considered strategic to the development of São Paulo State and in 1,024 active projects Brazil, and to the modernization of research institutions in the state. T in its nine programs for Research on Strategic RELATED PROGRAMS Themes in 2019. This total includes associated FAPESP Research Program on Biodiversity (BIOTA-FAPESP) – www.fapesp.br/en/biota scholarships, fellowships FAPESP Bioenergy Research Program (BIOEN) – www.fapesp.br/en/bioen and grants of various FAPESP Research Program on Global Climate Change (RPGCC) – www.fapesp.br/en/rpgcc types. The number of Modernization of Research Institutions in São Paulo State new strategic projects Science Journalism (MídiaCiência) contracted for was 454. FAPESP Research Program on eScience & Data Science – www.fapesp.br/en/escience Research in Public Policies Program Research in Public Policies for the National Health System Program Public Education Research Program
TABLE 25 RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC THEMES Disbursement and new projects contracted for in 2019, by major knowledge area
Programs Life Sciences Natural Sciences Human and Social Interdisciplinary and Engineering Sciences Disbursement New projects Disbursement New projects Disbursement New projects Disbursement New projects $ PPP contracted $ PPP contracted $ PPP contracted $ PPP contracted BIOTA and associated 4,289,253 60 965,664 7 90,680 4 398,180 0 Global Climate Change 3,830,428 59 3,372,561 40 363,577 13 333,658 10 and associated BIOEN and associated 3,061,290 33 1,813,458 33 283,480 11 160,441 3 Modernização dos 9,692,303 43 3,001,148 31 0 0 6,902 1 Institutos Estaduais de Pesquisa and associated eScience & Data Science 120,500 4 358,796 9 2,048 0 70,074 1 and associated Research in Public 603,428 31 65,332 2 373,387 53 94,421 2 Policies and associated MídiaCiência not associated 23,348 4 3,317 0 38,906 0 56,834 0 Total 21,620,550 234 9,580,276 122 1,152,078 81 1,120,510 17
88 FUNDING STRATEGIES RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC THEMES
BIOTA-FAPESP – FAPESP RESEARCH PROGRAM ON BIODIVERSITY
Goal: Mapping, cataloguing and characterizing TABLE 26 biodiversity in São Paulo State; defining BIOTA mechanisms of conservation, restoration and Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects assessment. contracted in 2019 A call for proposals on “Conservation, restoration and sustainable use of biodiversity Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active in conservation units” was issued in 2019 associated $ PPP contracted projects under the auspices of the BIOTA-FAPESP Research Grant – BIOTA 486,437 6 23 Program to encourage researchers in São Research Grant – Regular 20,002 0 4 Paulo State to design innovative conservation Research Grant – Thematic 2,069,199 4 22 unit management projects. Eleven projects Young Investigators – Grants 275,335 0 5 were selected by a steering committee Regular Grants – Visiting 1,472 1 1 Researcher (Brazil) comprising representatives of FAPESP, the Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 1,706,631 33 96 São Paulo State Department of Infrastructure Brazil and Environment (SIMA), and Fundação Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 896,613 13 24 Florestal (FF). Abroad Young Investigators – Fellowships 37,828 0 1 Fellowships – Technical Training 250,260 14 33 Total 5,743,777 71 209
FAPESP RESEARCH PROGRAM ON GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE (RPGCC)
TABLE 27 Goal: Support for research projects that contribute to decision making on the societal RPGCC and economic impacts of global warming Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects for Brazil. contracted in 2019 In 2019, a group of researchers at the University of São Paulo’s Institute of Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric associated $ PPP contracted projects Sciences (IAG-USP), found that a rise of 1.1 °C Research Grant – RPGCC 337,784 6 20 (1) (2) in the average temperature in Southeast Brazil Young Investigators – Grants 286,406 1 5 between 1955 and 2004 was due mainly to the Research Grant – Thematic 3,366,780 2 17 increase in greenhouse gas emissions resulting Research Grant – PITE 10,565 0 2 from human activities. The study was part of a Research Grant – SPEC 58,737 0 1 Thematic Project supported by FAPESP under Regular Research Grants 112,962 12 16 the auspices of its Research Program in Global Young Investigators – Fellowships 75,478 0 2 Climate Change and involved collaboration Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 2,258,222 49 130 Brazil with scientists at the University of Edinburgh Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 1,062,918 23 32 in Scotland (UK). Abroad Fellowships – Technical Training 319,245 29 48 Fellowships – Scientific Journalism 11,127 0 1 Total 7,900,224 122 274 (1) $ PPP 128,857 only considers YI Phase 2. (2) YI Phase 2. 89 FAPESP 2019
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: BIOTA
Compounds extracted from Cerrado plant combat fungus that causes candidiasis
Researchers based in Brazil and Spain isolated compounds that combat two species of Candida from Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, a shrub native to the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) and called sansão-do-campo or cerca-viva locally. The idea is to create an ointment for use as an alternative to fluconazole, long considered the best antifungal for candidiasis but now becoming ineffectual against some varieties of the pathogen. The study was reported in the Journal of Natural Products. News stories on the research were carried by 70 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31471
Chemistry BIOTA-FAPESP – THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Process 2019/52237-9 INSTITUTION: Bioscience Institute/São Paulo State University (IB-UNESP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Wagner Vilegas
Pollination is threatened by deforestation and agrochemicals in Brazil
A group of researchers who authored the First Thematic Report on Pollination, Pollinators and Food Production in Brazil warned that the ecosystem service provided by bees and other pollinators is damaged by factors such as deforestation, climate change and agrochemicals. The decline in pollination endangers food production, farmers’ income, and conservation of Brazilian biodiversity. The report estimated the annual value of this ecosystem service at $ PPP 19 billion. The estimate was based on the dependency on pollination of key cash crops such as soybeans, oranges, coffee and dry beans, among others. The report was the result of a partnership between the Brazilian Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (BPBES), which is supported by the BIOTA program, and the Brazilian Network on Plant-Pollinator Interactions (REBIPP). News stories on the report were carried by 42 media outlets. https://agencia.fapesp.br/29901
Ecology BIOTA-FAPESP/Brazilian Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (BPBES) INSTITUTION: Biology Institute/University of Campinas (IB-UNICAMP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Carlos Joly
90 FUNDING STRATEGIES RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC THEMES
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: CLIMATE CHANGE
Urban expansion heightens risk of water shortages in São Paulo macrometropolis
Researchers showed that urban expansion and disorderly land use in the São Paulo macrometropolis have heightened the risk of water shortages and social and environmental vulnerability to climate change. The region comprises the metropolitan areas of São Paulo, Campinas, Santos and Sorocaba, plus the Jundiaí, Piracicaba and Bragança Paulista conurbations, the Paraíba Valley and the northern coast of São Paulo State, accounting for 20% of the state’s protected natural areas. The population of these areas plus the state capital is about 31.5 million. Some 3.8 million live in precarious conditions. Urban sprawl is constantly encroaching on environmental conservation areas and water courses. News stories about the research were carried by 46 media outlets. https://agencia.fapesp.br/30569
Interdisciplinary RESEARCH GRANT – RPGCC – FAPESP Process 2015/03804-9 INSTITUTION: Instituto de Energia e Ambiente/Universidade de São Paulo (IEE/USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Pedro Roberto Jacobi
Manaus pollution drives growth of up to 400% in aerosol formation by Amazon Rainforest
An international study by researchers from Brazil and elsewhere showed that urban pollution from Manaus, the capital of Amazonas State, increases the formation of aerosols by the Amazon Rainforest much more than expected. The urban pollution results in average growth of 200%, with peaks of up to 400%, in the formation of secondary organic aerosols. The phenomenon affects cloud production and rainfall, with consequences for the local and global climate. The study was reported in Nature Communications. News stories were carried by 11 media outlets. https://agencia.fapesp.br/30619
Geosciences THEMATIC PROJECT – RPGCC – FAPESP Process 2017/17047-0 INSTITUTION: Physics Institute/University of São Paulo (IF-USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto
91 FAPESP 2019
RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC THEMES
BIOEN
Goal: Investigation of novel technological TABLE 28 strategies to increase sugarcane yield, mitigate BIOEN the environmental and socioeconomic impact of Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects bioenergy production, and create knowledge of contracted in 2019 bioenergy production and application processes. Based on the results of a Thematic Project Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active conducted under the auspices of the BIOEN associated $ PPP contracted projects program and completed in 2019, researchers began Research Grant – BIOEN 1,347,636 12 4 (1) (2) patenting a method of manipulating the gene Young Investigator Grant 355,073 3 8 ScGAI to increase the amount of the protein DELLA Research Grant – Thematic 1,281,938 1 12 in sugarcane and speed up the plant’s growth. Research Grant – PIPE 74,042 1 0 Two companies have expressed an interest in the Regular Research Grants 44,419 5 62 technology. The next step will consist of field trials Regular Scholarships/Fellowships Brazil 1,651,501 27 92 to see if the same results can be achieved with Regular Scholarships/Fellowships Abroad 294,484 10 10 hothouse GM varieties. Small and Medium Enterprise 15,758 3 3 Scholarships (PE) Young Investigators – Fellowships 74,674 2 2 Fellowship – Technical Training 179,144 16 36 Total 5,318,669 80 229 (1) $ 172.444 only considers YI Phase 2. (2) Two only considers YI Phase 2.
MODERNIZATION OF RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS IN SÃO PAULO STATE
TABLE 29 Goal: Supporting initiatives to modernize 12 MODERNIZATION OF RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS research institutions in São Paulo State whose Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects proposals were selected in a 2018 call. The contracted in 2019 projects will receive funding for capital and operating costs (fixed assets, supplies and third- Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active party services, among others), as well as support associated $ PPP contracted projects from FAPESP in the form of research grants and Research Grant – Modernization 10,824,332 0 12 of Research Institutions scholarships. Young Investigator Grant 338,893 2 2 Research Grant – PPP 6,381 1 1 Regular Research Grants 51,260 6 4 YI Scholarship Phase 1 65,212 2 2 Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 1,412,214 62 75 Fellowship – Technical Training 2,062 2 2 Total 12,700,353 75 98
SCIENCE JOURNALISM (MÍDIACIÊNCIA)
Goal: Supporting the education and training of science disseminators by awarding undergraduate and graduate fellowships under the aegis of the José Reis Program. FAPESP disbursed $ PPP 122,400 for the program and contracted for four new fellowships in 2019.
92 FUNDING STRATEGIES RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC THEMES
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: BIOEN
Most complete commercial sugarcane genome sequence assembled
An international research group led by Brazilians produced the most complete commercial sugarcane genome sequence ever, mapping 373,869 genes or 99.1% of the total. This feat was the result of almost 20 years of research supported by FAPESP and will serve as a basis for the genetic improvement of the world’s largest crop in tonnage to develop traits such as resistance to disease, production of biomass for fuel or sugar production. News stories on the research were carried by 12 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/32089
Biochemistry and Genetics THEMATIC PROJECT and PITE/BIOEN – FAPESP Processes 2014/50921-8 and 2016/17545-8 INSTITUTIONS: Chemistry Institute and Bioscience Institute/University of São Paulo (USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Glaucia Mendes Souza and Marie-Anne van Sluys
Bioenergy from sugarcane can benefit Latin America and Africa
The results of the LACAF Cane Project, conducted under the aegis of BIOEN, were compiled in the book Sugarcane bioenergy for sustainable development, containing 33 articles by 60 researchers from Brazil and elsewhere on the potential of sugarcane bioenergy production as a strategy for sustainable development in Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa (LACAF). News stories on the book were carried by 29 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/29710
Interdisciplinary THEMATIC PROJECT BIOEN – FAPESP Process 2012/00282-3 INSTITUTION: Interdisciplinary Energy Planning Unit/University of Campinas (NIPE-UNICAMP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Luiz Augusto Barbosa Cortez
93 FAPESP 2019
RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC THEMES
eSCIENCE & DATA SCIENCE
Goal: Supporting integration between research TABLE 30 groups involved with the investigation of algorithms, eSCIENCE & DATA SCIENCE computational modeling and data infrastructure, and Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects groups of scientists involved with other knowledge contracted in 2019 areas, from biology to social science. In 2019, the program issued a call for proposals in Fellowships and Grants Desembolso Novos Projetos digital human health to stimulate innovative research associated R$ contratados vigentes in such areas as artificial intelligence applied to big Research Grant – eScience 50,450 3 8 data, personalized medicine, telemedicine, computer Research Grant – Thematic 188,367 0 1 vision and augmented reality, robotic systems, decision Auxílio PIPE 131,702 2 2 support systems for medicine, and several others. Regular Research Grants 6,727 1 1 The selection was scheduled for completion in 2020. Small and Medium Enterprise 58,232 2 2 Research Grants (PE) Regular Scholarships/ 71,182 1 13 Fellowships in Brazil Regular Scholarships/ 14,771 0 1 Fellowships Abroad Fellowship – Technical Training 29,987 5 6 Total 551,418 14 34
PUBLIC POLICY RESEARCH PROGRAMS
Goal: Support for research projects that aim to TABLE 31 meet societal demand and result in public policy PPP, PP-SUS AND PUBLIC EDUCATION implementation. Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects Research in Public Policies Program (PPP) contracted in 2019 Research in Public Policies for the National Health Care System Program (PP-SUS) Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active associated $ PPP contracted projects Public Education Research Program (EP) PPP 536,592 44 64 PPP Grants 401,758 22 32 Regular Fellowships in Brazil 2,779 1 1 Fellowship – Technical Training 132,055 21 31 PP-SUS 311,797 0 23 PP-SUS Grants 288,897 0 14 Fellowship – Technical Training 22,900 0 8 Regular Grant – Publications 0 0 1 Public Education (EP) 288,180 44 79 EP Grants 69,190 3 11 EP Fellowships 206,661 40 63 Fellowship – Technical Training 12,329 1 5 Total 1,136,569 88 166
94 FUNDING STRATEGIES RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC THEMES
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: PUBLIC POLICY
Dengue can create immunity against zika
A study published in the journal Science presented evidence that prior infection by dengue virus can create antibodies that block zika virus from acting in the human organism. The international group of researchers included scientists at Brazilian institutions such as São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP). News stories on the research were carried by 19 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/29752 https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/2019/02/07/dengue-pode- gerar-imunidade-contra-zika
Microbiology PP-SUS and THEMATIC PROJECT – FAPESP Processes 2016/15021-1 and 2013/21719-3 INSTITUTION: São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
USP, UNICAMP and UNESP agree on new academic performance and international comparison metrics
São Paulo’s three state-run universities joined forces to develop new metrics for academic performance and international comparisons. The shared digital system, which will be maintained by their indicator management units, should also be able to gauge the socio-economic, cultural and environmental impact of public universities more precisely. FAPESP supported the initiative via its Public Policy Research Program. News stories about it were carried by 30 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31898
Administration PPP – FAPESP Process 2017/50046-8 INSTITUTION: School of Economics, Administration and Accounting/University of São Paulo (FEA-USP) PARTNER INSTITUTIONS: São Paulo State Department of Economic Development and Council of Rectors of State Universities in São Paulo (CRUESP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Jacques Marcovitch
95 FAPESP 2019
FUNDING STRATEGIES
SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE
APESP has eight programs that aim to assure provision of the infrastructure needed for the continuity of research FAPESP disbursed in São Paulo State. $ PPP 53.7 million for F 337 grants associated with RELATED PROGRAMS research infrastructure maintenance and upgrading Multi-User Equipment in São Paulo State. Acquisition of equipment for shared use by the scientific ommunity.c . FAP-Livros Acquisition of books for libraries open to the public.
Equipment Repair Repair and preventive maintenance of equipment.
Support for Infrastructure Maintenance of museums, information repositories, documents, and biological collections
Technical Overheads Additional funding for institutions to cover unforeseen research project expenses. Access to ANSP Network
TABLE 32 SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
Fellowships and Grants Disbursement New projects Active associated $ PPP contracted projects Multi-User Equipment 17,784,231 98 271 Equipment Repair 2,613,243 136 290 ANSP Network 11,089,463 0 2 Overhead – Institutional Research Infrastructure 19,585,806 0 260 Overhead – Program Coordination 210,574 5 12 Overhead – ANSP Network Connectivity 2,617,826 3 10 Support for Infrastructure Total 53,901,143 337 845
96 FUNDING STRATEGIES SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE
MEDIA COVERAGE OF RESEARCH RESULTS: INFRASTRUCTURE
Cluster Bohr é um sistema computacional de alto desempenho instalado na Unicamp
Um grupo de pesquisa do Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin” da Unicamp adquiriu, por meio do programa Equipamentos Multiusuários, um novo sistema de computação de alto desempenho (HPC), batizado de Cluster Bohr, com 920 núcleos computacionais, memória RAM de 4,32 terabytes (TB) e 132 TB de armazenamento. O sistema conta com interconexão de última geração Infiniband EDR, que permite eficiência em processamento paralelo em uma arquitetura Intel Skylake. A aquisição foi noticiada em 2 veículos.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/31501
Physics EQUIPMENT MULTI-USER – FAPESP Process 2017/26105-4 INSTITUTION: Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin”/Universidade Estadual de Campinas (IFGW/Unicamp) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Alex Antonelli
Project makes mass production of innovative packaging possible
Innovative packaging solutions may soon protect food products from the action of microorganisms, warn customers if products are not fit for consumption, and reduce the immense amount of plastic used by the industry. Researchers at the Food Research Center (FoRC), one of the RIDCs supported by FAPESP, are ramping up production and bringing these packaging products to market at competitive prices. One of the resources is a twin- screw extruder used to test new materials and for large-scale continuous production. It was purchased with funding from FAPESP’s Multi-User Equipment Program. News stories on the research were carried by 7 media outlets.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/30731
Food Science and Technology EQUIPMENT MULTI-USER – FAPESP Process 2016/12385-2 INSTITUTION: Polytechnic School/University of São Paulo (USP) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Carmen Cecilia Tadini
97 FAPESP 2019
FUNDING STRATEGIES
COMMUNICATING SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC
his funding strategy encompasses initiatives to inform FAPESP’s stakeholders and the general public about its FAPESP disbursed science policy guidelines, and the results and societal and $ PPP 7.9 million Teconomic impacts of the scientific knowledge produced in São for research diffusion, Paulo State with its support, as well as initiatives to measure the mapping and evaluation projects in 2019. outcomes of its activities and to map and evaluate the general status of research in the state as required by the law that created FAPESP.
PESQUISA FAPESP MAGAZINE (monthly) revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/en
Average monthly print run: 31,200. 5,167 paying subscribers 1,066 copies sold by newsvendors. 3,674 copies distributed to state schools. 3.7 million website page views (+15,13% on 2018) – – monthly average: 311,061. 1 57 content reproductions by media outlets. In 2019, the magazine licensed 58 content reproductions (news stories, infographics, photos and videos) to publishers of educational material. 38 unique radio programs in partnership with Rádio USP.
SOCIAL MEDIA
Facebook – 182,300 (+1,8%) Twitter – 83,200 (+7,3%) Instagram – 31,100 (+74,9%) YouTube – 37,000 (+45,2%)
98 FUNDING STRATEGIES COMMUNICATING SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC
AGÊNCIA FAPESP DE NOTÍCIAS (FAPESP NEWS AGENCY – NEWSLETTER) agencia.fapesp.br/home
118,931 subscribers 7,294 reproductions* of Agência FAPESP’s original - Portuguese (daily): 110,342 content: 6,822 news stories in Brazilian media outlets - English (weekly): 7,016 – 308 in major broadsheet newspapers – and 472 - Spanish (weekly): 1,573 news stories in foreign media outlets.
CHART 7 CHART 8 TOTAL NUMBER OF SUBSCRIBERS – ANNUAL CHANGE REPRODUCTIONS OF AGÊNCIA FAPESP’S ORIGINAL CONTENT* BY BRAZILIAN AND 2019 118,931 subscribers FOREIGN MEDIA OUTLETS
2018 113,294 5,939 5,389 7,045 7,128 7,294 2017 111,110 3,822
2016 108,417 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2015 103,822
2014 95,239 * includes total or partial reproduction of news stories published by Agência FAPESP, and/or citation of Agência FAPESP as the information source.
3.8 million visits to site Agência FAPESP CHART 9 in the three languages: TOTAL WEBSITE (AGÊNCIA FAPESP) - Portuguese (daily): 3.7 million PAGE VIEWS – ANNUAL CHANGE - English (weekly): 80,600 - Spanish (weekly): 58,200 3,736,768 Portuguese
2,864,555
2,281,863
1,830,998 1,758,158 1,887,272
80,564 English 58,079 44,132 58,199 Spanish 25,028 45,573 20,735 17,409 29,970 11,261 16,406 3,621
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
99 FAPESP 2019
SOCIAL MEDIA
Facebook – @agfapesp 43,808 followers: 41,200 Brazil, 469 EUA, 309 Portugal, 214 Peru and 137 United Kingdom. 1,537 posts. T POS WITH MOST ENGAGEMENTS* IN 2019: news story entitled “Patient’s own cells are used in innovative treatment for cancer”, posted October 10, 2019, with 45,936 total engagements and 5,183 shares. *Includes reactions, comments, shares, likes and clicks on links, for both published and shared posts.
Twitter – @AgenciaFAPESP 67,221 followers. 1,825 posts. T MOS POPULAR POST WITH HIGHEST ENGAGEMENT RATE* IN 2019: news story entitled “Researchers trace ‘river of smoke’ that blackened day in São Paulo”, posted August 22, 2019, and viewed 262,528 times, with 17,120 engagements. * Total clicks, retweets, replies, new followers and favorites divided by number of views.
Instagram – @agfapesp 5,000 followers (June to December 2019). 133 posts, including photos and videos. 348 stories. T POS WITH MOST ENGAGEMENTS* IN 2019: news story entitled “FAPESP scholarship awardee interns with winner of Nobel Prize for Medicine,” posted October 8, 2019, with 405 engagements. *Various types of interaction.
YouTube – /fapespagencia 15,900 subscribers. 125 videos posted in 2019. T MOS WATCHED VIDEOS IN 2019: reportage on “A new species of electric eel that produces the highest voltage discharge of any known animal”, with 10,700 views; "Researchers create functional mini-liver by 3D bioprinting”, with 5,600 views; and “Alcohol, drugs and adolescence”, with 3,400 views.
100 FUNDING STRATEGIES COMMUNICATING SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC
NEWSLETTER PESQUISA PARA INOVAÇÃO (INNOVATIVE R&D) pesquisaparainovacao.fapesp.br/english 48 newsletters produced in 2019. 49,000 visits to site. 132 content reproductions in Brazilian media. 15,000 subscribers (FAPESP mailing). The newsletter is also distributed to members of CIESP/FIESP, SIMPI, EMBRAPII, ANPROTEC, CNPEN, EMBRAPA, CTA, ABIFIN, Supera Parque (RP) and CIETEC, among other partners.
VIDEOS
Launch of Ciência SP (“São Paulo Science”) series – one-minute videos on applications of science and R&D in various areas of society. 24 episodes released in 2019. 31 reportage videos (interviews filmed during coverage of scientific events, seminars etc.), especially international events such as FAPESP Week London, FAPESP Week France, Global Research Council (GRC) meeting in São Paulo, and Latin American Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructure. 125 videos produced in 2019, with 172,600 views on Agência FAPESP’s social media: YouTube: 85,000 views and 2,900 likes Facebook: 58,000 views, 1,900 likes, 1,500 shares and 7,300 interactions Twitter: 11,900 views Instagram: 17,700 views
PRESS OFFICE
Editorial suggestions used by media CHART 10 (Agência FAPESP’s content): 14,600 NEWS STORIES BASED ON EDITORIAL new stories in 2019 (+50%). SUGGESTIONS BY PRESS OFFICE Foreign media: 4,600 (+122%). 14,582 Brazilian media: 9,900 (+146%). 159 releases posted to EurekAlert with 9,969 more than 560,000 page views.
4,613
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 270 252 481 1,121 6,433 14,582 Total new stories 241 218 421 457 4,424 9,969 Brazilian medial 29 34 60 664 2,009 4,613 Foreign media
101 FAPESP 2019
COMMUNICATING SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC
FAPESP’S VISIBILITY IN THE MEDIA
In 2019, Brazilian and foreign media outlets CHART 11 published 32,000 news stories relating to ANNUAL CHANGE IN MEDIA CITATIONS OF FAPESP research or researchers supported by FAPESP 31,965 and other subjects associated with the
Foundation, for an increase of 43% compared 26,467 with 2018.
More than 24 news stories (+75%) were 5,498 complete or partial reproductions of content originally published by FAPESP via its media outlets and Press Office. Some 2,200 news 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 stories (+7%) used this content without 10,276 8,283 11,642 15,213 22,322 31,965 Total of citations attribution to FAPESP. Some 5,800 (18%) 10,080 8,113 11,330 14,086 19,694 26,467 Brazilian media were classified as spontaneous (not editorially 196 170 312 1,127 2,628 5,498 Foreing media suggested); 82% of these mentioned FAPESP as a source, 10% did not (even though they referred to research funded by FAPESP), and 8% mentioned FAPESP in varying contexts not associated with research.
MEDIA COVERAGE OF FAPESP ("FAPESP NA MIDIA" website)
www.namidia.fapesp.br
Brazilian and foreign media coverage of FAPESP’s activities can be seen on the website “FAPESP na Mídia”, which contains a searchable catalogue of over 179,000 news stories published since 1999. The site recorded 130,000 unique visitors in 2019. This database serves as the raw material for FAPESP’s media coverage statistics and analysis, as well as a daily electronic clipping service for internal use. Since second- half 2019, the procedure followed to catalogue news stories on this website has included recording the FAPESP grant numbers corresponding to the research projects mentioned, so that links to the news stories can also be included on the Virtual Library (BV) pages presenting projects and researchers.
102 FUNDING STRATEGIES COMMUNICATING SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC
MOST WIDELY CITED OR REPRODUCED NEWS STORIES IN 2019
TABLE 33 BRAZILIAN MEDIA Top 10 news stories in terms of media coverage
Repercussion/ Title Number 965 Patient’s own cells are used in innovative treatment for cancer (https://agencia.fapesp.br/31675) 752 Excessive coffee consumption increases the likelihood of hypertension in genetically predisposed people (https://agencia.fapesp.br/31259) 677 Healthy habits could avoid 27% of cancer cases in Brazil (https://agencia.fapesp.br/30490) 545 Overweight is as risky for the heart as obesity in adolescents (https://agencia.fapesp.br/30551) 545 Study shows how physical exercise can control diabetes in obese individuals (https://agencia.fapesp.br/30730) 526 The risk of death from yellow fever can be detected sooner (https://agencia.fapesp.br/31187) 518 Overtraining produces negative alterations in several organs (https://agencia.fapesp.br/30809) 393 Compound from Brazilian plant combats leishmaniasis and Chagas disease (https://agencia.fapesp.br/30954) 387 Medication for menstrual pain relief proves effective against schistosomiasis https://agencia.fapesp.br/31232( ) 329 Physical and social activities protect the brain against Alzheimer’s disease (https://agencia.fapesp.br/29927)
TABLE 34 FOREIGN MEDIA Top 10 news stories in terms of media coverage
Repercussion/ Title Number 849 New species of electric eel discharges highest voltage of any known animal (https://agencia.fapesp.br/31383) 326 Listening to music while driving reduces cardiac stress (https://agencia.fapesp.br/31886) 90 Researchers explain “river of smoke” that blackened daytime sky in São Paulo (https://agencia.fapesp.br/31290) 60 Adolescents who skip breakfast may develop obesity (https://agencia.fapesp.br/31006) 42 Researchers create functional mini-liver by 3D bioprinting (https://agencia.fapesp.br/32217) 40 Cannabidiol reduces aggressiveness, study concludes (https://agencia.fapesp.br/31080) 35 Ants that defend plants receive sugar and protein (https://agencia.fapesp.br/30964)
35 Lipid produced by organism helps control blood sugar (https://agencia.fapesp.br/31583) 35 Study highlights anti-tumor activity of curcumin on stomach cancer (https://agencia.fapesp.br/30298) 29 Tube anemone has the largest animal mitochondrial genome ever sequenced (https://agencia.fapesp.br/30727)
103 FAPESP 2019
COMMUNICATING SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC
PARTNERSHIPS
CIÊNCIA ABERTA (OPEN SCIENCE) TV SERIES
The Ciência Aberta (“Open Science”) web TV series is produced www.cienciaaberta.fapesp.br by FAPESP in partnership with Folha de S. Paulo newspaper to popularize science and technology. Programs are recorded in FAPESP’s auditorium and last about 40 minutes, each featuring three researchers who specialize in the knowledge area discussed. The studio audience comprises high school and technical school students, as well as other target publics. Programs can be watched on the Ciência Aberta website, Agência FAPESP’s channels on YouTube and Facebook, and Folha’s portal. In 2019, nine programs were produced on the following topics: Threatened oceans, Genomes in the population, Social media and new ways of communicating science, Aging, Bioenergy, Indigenous peoples in Brazil, Amazonia, The rural in the digital age, and Biomes and biodiversity. Among the scientists and science popularizers who took part were Átila Iamarino, Alexandre Kalache, Manuela Carneiro da Cunha, Paulo Artaxo, Mayana Zatz, Lygia da Veiga Pereira, Walter Neves and Carlos Joly.
Visits to program website: 7,500 Studio audience: +1,000 people Performance – YouTube (Agência FAPESP): 22,000 views e 951 likes Performance – Facebook (Agência FAPESP): 10,700 views, 302 likes, 388 shares and 1,473 interations.
PARTNERSHIP WITH ROBERTO MARINHO FOUNDATION/CANAL FUTURA
FAPESP’s partnership with Roberto Marinho Foundation, which began in 2018, resulted in the production of the series Ciência para Todos (“Science for All”) and three seasons of the program Entrevista (“Interview”). Ciência para Todos comprises 52 episodes, each lasting 13 minutes and featuring a prominent scientist. The focus is on the economic and societal impacts of the scientific and technological research funded by FAPESP. The series is available at: www.futuraplay.org/serie/ciencia-para-todos. Ciência para Todos was launched on August 14, 2019, along with a cultural competition organized by the
104 FUNDING STRATEGIES COMMUNICATING SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC
São Paulo State Department of Education in partnership with FAPESP and Roberto Marinho Foundation/Futura, in which state school students were challenged to use their smartphones to make a film of up to seven minutes proposing a solution to a problem of their community or region. The proposed methods and processes had to be typical of scientific knowledge production, and they were to be tutored by a schoolteacher. The winner was a team Estudantes vencedores do concurso from Escola Estadual Ângelo Scarabuci in Franca, with a film Ciência para Todos entitled “Protection from foot to head” (on motorbike helmets made from old shoes). Four other teams won prizes. For more information (in Portuguese only), visit: https://agencia.fapesp.br/32128.
Entrevista, which was launched in 2018, features prominent scientists talking about their careers, personal lives and research. Three seasons produced in partnership with FAPESP, each comprising 13 episodes, focused on Health (13th season, released in 2018), Entrepreneurship (15th season, released in 2019) and Agriculture (19th season, released in 2019). All programs can be watched at: www.futuraplay.org/serie/entrevista.
PUBLICATIONS www.fapesp.br/en/5437/publications
Editorial production (writing, editing, revising, graphic design and art editing) of books, reports, booklets on the research programs funded by FAPESP with abstracts of research projects, folders, leaflets, advertisements, invitations and banners, among others.
14 books, reports, booklets and research program folders produced in 2019 420 communication pieces (folders, invitations, ads, banners, exhibitions etc.) for 69 events.
105 FAPESP 2019
COMMUNICATING SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC
EVENTS www.fapesp.br/eventos
95 events organized by FAPESP with 8,305 participants 4 events hosted by FAPESP with 376 participants Participation by FAPESP in 3 third-party events with 621 participants More than 2,600 participants in all PIPE program events 1 93 participants in 8 ILP lecture cycles 324 researchers at FAPESP Week London and FAPESP Week France Launch of Ciência para Todos attended by 600 people 150 participants in GRC Annual Meeting
FAPESP PORTAL www.fapesp.br/en
The portal is the main interface between FAPESP and the general public, offering information on rules and regulations, funding lines, opportunities for scholarships, agreements, indicators and pages on many programs, among other items. The portal also provides access to other websites, such as Agência FAPESP, Pesquisa FAPESP, Pesquisa para Inovação, and FAPESP na Mídia.
FAPESP Portal: 2.5 million uniques visits in 2019.
106 FUNDING STRATEGIES COMMUNICATING SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC
INDICATORS OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN SÃO PAULO www.fapesp.br/indicadores
In 2019, the team responsible for maintaining São Paulo State’s ST&I indicators changed the methodology for calculating the indicators of R&D expenditure in the state.
Adoption of an internationally recognized methodology to assure cross-border comparability – Frascati Manual/Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Primary research to collect data directly from researchers; inclusion of hospitals and nonprofits not covered by the previous methodology. Formalization of partnerships with institutions of interest to FAPESP to obtain data and conduct projects jointly, e.g. INPI, INEP, CAPES, SEADE. Collection of data for section of same name in Pesquisa FAPESP monthly magazine. Publication entitled Colaborações Científicas entre Unidades da Federação, based on analysis of publications indexed by Web of Science/Incites. CONFAP-CRIS Program: representative of FAPESP joins ST&I indicator working group responsible for technical studies in compliance with requirements of current research information system (CRIS) for national council of state research funding agencies (CONFAP). Progress Report on the Sustainable Development Goals in São Paulo State: selection of indicators associated with each SDG; technical revision of book written by state government’s consultants on international affairs, with FAPESP’s technical and editorial support. Reformulation of website Indicadores (in progress).
VIRTUAL LIBRARY (BV) www.bv.fapesp.br/en
Comprehensive online database and repository containing information on all research projects and researchers funded by FAPESP:
4.3 million unique visits in 2019. 251,272 records on grants, scholarships and fellowships funded by FAPESP since 1992. 39,500 records on research projects in retrospective database (1962-91). More than 143,000 scientific and academic publications associated with research projects. Links to more than 120,000 scientific journals indexed by SciELO.
107
OVERVIEW OF SCHOLARSHIPS/ FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS
The preceding chapters present indicators according to a segmentation based on funding strategies. This chapter presents the same data in a manner that provides an overview of total disbursement, new scholarships, fellowships and grants of all types contracted for in 2019, and a breakdown by funding strategy.
CHAPTER
4 109 FAPESP 2019
OVERVIEW OF SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS
TABLE 35 SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS – DISBURSEMENT IN 2019 ($ PPP) By types or program and funding strategies
Funding strategies Training of Human Basic and Research on Communicating Research for Resources for Applied Strategic Science to the Total Innovation Types Research Research Themes Public
Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 90,042,894 56,558,985 1,904,597 6,863,722 155,370,199 in Brazil
Scientific Initiation (SI) 9,688,608 2,203,694 79,601 208,349 2,491,644
Master's (MS) 10,568,452 3,668,915 112,076 455,821 4,236,812
Doctorate (DR) 33,388,229 10,075,231 202,932 1,190,325 11,468,488
Direct Doctorate (DD) 4,851,816 3,988,071 29,975 273,097 4,291,142
Postdoctorate (PD) 31,545,789 36,623,074 1,480,013 4,736,130 42,839,218
Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 42,122,835 18,919,770 280,886 2,507,592 0 63,831,083 Abroad
Research Fellowships Abroad (RFA) - PD 9,712,267 1,743,672 280,502 0 11,736,441
Research Internships Abroad (RIA) 32,410,568 17,176,098 280,886 2,227,090 0 52,094,642
RIA - SI 1,016,829 305,408 142 34,455 0 1,356,834
RIA - MS 2,093,611 1,058,699 81,891 0 3,234,202
RIA - DR 11,912,797 3,936,620 256,693 0 16,106,109
RIA - DD 2,067,204 959,666 14,815 92,055 0 3
RIA - PD 15,320,127 10,915,705 265,929 1,761,996 0 28,263,758
Subtotal 132,165,729 75,478,755 2,185,483 9,371,314 0 219,201,282
Fellowships – Trainning 4,664,257 4,652,066 1,081,515 57,131 10,454,969
Fellowships – Technical Trainning 4,599,641 4,652,066 947,983 57,131 10,256,821
Fellowships – Academic Trainning 6,212 6
Fellowships – Scientific Journalism 58,404 133,532 191,937
Research Fellowships (Programs) 3,208,859 6,312,820 533,842 10,055,521
PE Fellowships 6,312,820 73,990 6,386,810
Public Education Fellowship 925 206,661 207,585
Young Investigators Fellowship 3,207,935 253,191 3,461,126
Total 132,165,729 83,351,871 13,150,369 10,986,671 57,131 239,711,772
Small differences in subtotals may be occur due to rounding.
110 OVERVIEW SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS
TABLE 36 SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS – NUMBER OF NEW PROJECTS CONTRACTED FOR IN 2019 By types or program and funding strategies
Funding Training of Human Basic and Research on Communicating Research for strategies Resources for Applied Strategic Science to the Total Innovation Types Research Research Themes Public
Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 2,995 1,382 48 166 4,591 in Brazil
Scientific Initiation (SI) 1,783 460 14 52 2,309
Master's (MS) 475 218 12 34 739
Doctorate (DR) 407 185 6 27 625
Direct Doctorate (DD) 87 116 1 4 208
Postdoctorate (PD) 243 403 15 49 710
Regular Scholarships/Fellowships 926 361 3 53 1,343 Abroad
Research Fellowships Abroad (RFA) - PD 197 32 0 6 235
Research Internships Abroad (RIA) 729 329 3 47 1,108
RIA - SI 82 27 4 113
RIA - MS 133 62 3 198
RIA - DR 333 99 7 439
RIA - DD 41 25 1 4 71
RIA - PD 140 116 2 29 287
Subtotal 3,921 1,743 51 219 5,934
Fellowships – Trainning 577 288 92 2 959
Fellowships – Technical Trainning 571 288 88 2 949
Fellowships – Academic Trainning 1 1
Fellowships – Scientific Journalism 5 4 9
Research Fellowships (Programs) 28 137 49 214
PE Fellowships 137 5 142
Public Education Fellowship 1 40 41
Young Investigators Fellowship 27 4 31
Total 3,921 2,348 476 360 2 7,107
111 FAPESP 2019
OVERVIEW OF SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS
TABLE 37 GRANTS – DISBURSEMENT IN 2019 ($ PPP) By types or program and funding strategies
Funding Basic and Applied Research Research Support for Communicating strategies Research for on Regular Grants Research Science to the Total Long-term Innovation Strategic not associated Infrastructure Public Types research Themes to other grants
Regular Research Grants1 2,738,281 86,055,019 32,609 236,841 6,936,695 95,999,445
Research Grants Thematic 60,272,941 6,906,284 67,179,225 Special Projects 8,917,493 8,917,493 SPEC 1,671,251 58,737 1,729,988 Young Investigators 16,492,170 1,050,310 17,542,480 Young Investigators - Phase 2 2,383,242 205,397 2,588,639 RIDCs 17,954,644 17,954,644 PITE 1,504,256 10,565 1,514,821 PIPE 28,880,146 205,744 29,085,890 ERC/ARC 6,041,570 6,041,570 Intellectual Property 97,660 97,660 (PAPI-Nuplitec) BIOTA 486,437 486,437 BIOEN 1,347,636 1,347,636
Global Climate Change 337,784 337,784 eScience & Data Science 50,450 50,450 Modernization of Research 10,824,332 10,824,332 Institutions in São Paulo State Public Policies 408,1382 408,138 PP-SUS 288,897 288,897 Public Education 69,190 69,190 Multiuser Equipment 17,784,231 17,784,231 Equipament Repair 2,613,243 2,613,243 ANSP Network 11,089,463 11,089,463 Technical Reserves Institutional 19,585,806 19,585,806 Research Infrastructure TR Program Coordination 210,574 210,574 TR Connectivity of ANSP Network 2,617,826 2,617,826 Research Grants Subtotal 107,691,741 0 36,523,632 22,249,901 53,901,143 0 220,366,417 Innovation District (FIPE) 942,850 942,850 Seade Foundation 177,115 177,115 Studies of the overall status of research 561,474 561,474 in São Paulo (Roberto Marinho) Others (CONFAP, ORCID, ResearchGate 291,609 291,609 and Iron Mountain) Total 110,430,022 86,055,019 37,499,091 22,486,742 53,901,143 7,966,893 318,338,910 1 Regular research grants comprise Research Grants – Regular, Grants for Meeting Organization, Grants for Participation in Meetings, Publication Grants, and Visiting Researcher Awards. Small differences in subtotals may be occur due to rounding. 2 $ PPP 6,380 were applied to PPP Grant associated to Modernization of Research Institutions in São Paulo State Program. 112 OVERVIEW GRANTS
TABLE 38 GRANTS – NUMBER OF NEW PROJECTS CONTRACTED FOR IN 2019 By types or program and funding strategies
Funding Basic and Applied Research Research Research Support for Communicating strategies on Regular Grants for Research Science to the Total Long-term Strategic not associated Innovation Infrastructure Public Types research Themes to other grants
Regular Research Grants1 184 2,285 5 25 0 4 2,503
Research Grants Thematic 80 7 87 SPEC 2 2 Young Investigators 55 3 58 Young Investigators - Phase 2 33 3 36 PITE 4 4 PIPE 234 3 237 ERC/ARC 3 3 Intellectual Property 11 11 (PAPI-Nuplitec) BIOTA 6 6 BIOEN 12 12 Global Climate Change 6 6 eScience & Data Science 3 3 Public Policies 23(2) 23 Public Education 3 3 Multiuser Equipment 98 98 Equipament Repair 136 136 Technical Reserves Institutional 95 95 Research Infrastructure TR Program Coordination 5 5 TR Connectivity of ANSP Network 3 3
Research Grants Subtotal 170 252 69 337 828
Others (Contracts) 5
Total 354 2,285 257 94 337 9 3,336
1 Regular research grants comprise Research Grants – Regular, Grants for Meeting Organization, Grants for Participation in Meetings, Publication Grants, and Visiting Researcher Awards. 2 Besides 22 PPP Grants contracted in the PPP Program, one of them was associated to Modernization of Research Institutions in São Paulo State Program. Small differences in subtotals may be occur due to rounding.
113 FAPESP 2019
114 COLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING IN RESEARCH
Institutional funding instruments
Partnerships with higher education and research institutions
Research funding agencies
Companies
Most frequent destinations and origins of scholarship/fellowship awardees
FAPESP Week
Map of cooperation with funding agencies and academic organizations
Map of research collaboration with companies
CHAPTER
5 115 FAPESP 2019
COLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING IN RESEARCH
APESP promotes research collaboration in Brazil and abroad In 2019, FAPESP supported to strengthen and broaden the domestic and international 6,082 collaborative research impact of the science produced in São Paulo State. projects: 2,907 projects were FAs well as fostering collaboration by means of institutional co-funded, for a total of $ PPP instruments in a continuous flow, FAPESP enters into co-funding 61.6 million – and 3,175 projects agreements with higher education and research institutions, were funded solely by FAPESP, funding agencies and companies. Some agreements require the receiving $ PPP 78,6 million. partner organization to transfer its share of the funding to FAPESP in order for disbursement to happen. Others call for the partner to transfer its share of funding directly to the institution that will host the research project supported.
TABLE 39 DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS FOR RESEARCH COLLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted for in 2019, including scholarships/ fellowships and grants associated
Collaborative research/ Disbursement Active New project type partner organization from FAPESP (in $ PPP) projects contracted
Institutional funding instruments1 78,613,590 3,175 2,333 Higher education and research institutions2 1,584,482 235 77 Research funding agencies3 50,015,187 2,455 450 Companies4 9,965,198 217 78 Total 140,178,457 6,082 2,938
1 Disbursement by FAPESP for projects funded via continuous flow institutional instruments, in Brazil and abroad. 2 Disbursement by FAPESP for projects co-funded by higher education institutions and scientific and technological research institutions. 3 Disbursement by FAPESP for projects co-funded by international and multilateral funding agencies and by domestic partners: CAPES, CNPq, FINEP, MCTIC, FAPs, APAE, FMCSV, São Paulo State Department of Government, EMBRAPII and SEADE. 4 Disbursement by FAPESP for projects co-funded by Brazilian and foreign companies.
116 COLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING IN RESEARCH
INSTITUTIONAL FUNDING INSTRUMENTS
In 2019, FAPESP disbursed $ PPP 78.6 million to fund 3,175 projects supported by means of its institutional funding instruments. Out of this total, $ PPP 69.5 million went to Research Internships Abroad (RIA), Research Fellowships Abroad (RFA) at the postdoctoral level, Scholarships for Participation in Courses Abroad, Grants to fund visits by researchers from abroad to São Paulo to deliver courses or contribute to research groups, and Grants to fund participation by researchers in São Paulo in the organization of scientific meetings. Funding for visits by researchers from other regions of Brazil, and participation in or organization of scientific meetings in Brazil (such as São Paulo Schools of Advanced Science, or SPSAS) accounted for $ 9.1 million.
TABLE 40 CONTINUOUS FLOW INSTITUTIONAL INSTRUMENTS (FUNDING SOLELY BY FAPESP) Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted for in 2019, including scholarships/fellowships and grants associated
Disbursement New project Funding Strategies Active projects ($ PPP) contracted Domestic scientific exchange 9,133,437 485 484 Basic and Applied Research 9,092,796 481 479 Research for Innovation 425 1 1 Research on Strategic Themes 40,216 3 4 Cross-border scientific exchange 69,480,153 2,690 1,849 Training of Human Resources for Research 41,961,012 1,499 921 Basic and Applied Research 24,638,856 1,097 857 Research for Innovation 293,812 9 6 Research on Strategic Themes 2,586,473 85 65 Total 78,613,590 3,175 2,333
117 FAPESP 2019
COLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING IN RESEARCH
PARTNERSHIPS WITH HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS
FAPESP has also stepped up research collaboration by issuing joint calls for proposals with higher education and research institutions in Brazil and abroad. Research funding is shared between the parties in these cases. In 2019, 109 cooperation agreements were active, with 107 foreign institutions and two domestic institutions; 12 were signed during the year. The number of projects in progress under these agreements reached, 235 most of them associated with Regular Research Grants; 77 were contracted for during the year. FAPESP’s contribution to the funding for these projects amounted to $ PPP 1.6 million, with partner institutions contributing matching amounts. The list of partners and a map showing where the organizations are located on all continents can be seen on pp. 124-127.
TABLE 41 PARTNERSHIPS WITH HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, BY FUNDING STRATEGY Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted for in 2019, including scholarships/fellowships and grants associated
Funding strategies Disbursement from Active New projects FAPESP ($ PPP) projects contracted
Cross-border partnerships Basic and Applied Research 1,476,614 221 73 Research for Innovation 10,267 2 1 Research on Strategic Themes 97,601 12 3 Total 1,584,482 235 77
118 COLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING IN RESEARCH
RESEARCH FUNDING AGENCIES
In 2019, 77 research co-funding agreements were active with 57 foreign and 20 domestic funding agencies. Seven were signed during the year. Sixteen of the agencies were multilateral and six were Brazilian research funding associations. The number of research projects in progress under these agreements reached 2,455, with funding mainly in the form of Regular Research Grants and Thematic Projects, mostly aligned with the strategies Training of Human Resources for S&T and Research for the Advancement of Knowledge. The list of partner funding organizations and a map showing where the organizations are located on all continents can be seen on pp. 124-127. In Brazil, the following organizations are FAPESP’s main partners: CAPES, the Ministry of Education’s Higher Research Council, which supplied funding for FAPESP to award master’s to postdoctoral scholarships and fellowships; FINEP, the Brazilian Innovation Agency, for joint maintenance of the PIPE/PAPPE Grant program; and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), in federal initiatives in São Paulo State such as National Institutes of Science and Technology (NISTs), Research for the SUS (PP- SUS), the Long Term Ecological Research Program (LTER), and the Training in Taxonomy Program (Protax), among others. In the same period, the agreement with the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (MCTIC) and the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee (CGI.br) to support research projects that contribute to the development of the internet in Brazil remained in effect. FAPESP also supported research projects in partnership with the Pernambuco State S&T Foundation (FACEPE), Maria Cecília Souto Vidigal Foundation, SEADE, APAE, the São Paulo State Government to help startups develop solutions for the public sector (PitchGov), and the Brazilian Industrial Research and Innovation Corporation (EMBRAPII).
119 FAPESP 2019
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FAPESP’s share of total investment under co-funding agreements with foreign partners amounted to $ PPP 14.9 million, and under agreements with domestic agencies to $ PPP 35 million. To effect disbursement the partners transferred to FAPESP $ PPP 16.5 million. Under the agreements calling for direct transfer of funds to the institutions hosting the projects supported, FAPESP and its partners disbursed similar amounts.
TABLE 42 PARTNERSHIPS WITH FUNDING AGENCIES, BY FUNDING STRATEGY Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted for in 2019, including scholarships/fellowships and grants associated
Disbursement Active New projects Funding strategies R$ project contracted Domestic partnerships 35,102,724 1,883 176 Training of Human Resources for Research 12,970,897 1,063 45 Basic and Applied Research 13,158,277 530 66 Research for Innovation 8,153,124 228 54 Research on Strategic Themes 820,426 62 11 Cross-border partnerships 14,912,463 572 274 Training of Human Resources for Research 161,823 9 5 Basic and Applied Research 11,753,656 458 227 Research for Innovation 981,510 8 1 Research on Strategic Themes 2,015,474 97 41 Total 50,015,187 2,455 450
120 COLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING IN RESEARCH
COMPANIES
In 2019, the number of active collaboration agreements with companies reached 23; empresas – three were signed during the year. All were associated with either PITE or the ERC/ARC program (see Chapter 3, pp. 74-80). PITE Spontaneous Demand projects with 10 other companies were active in the same period. FAPESP allocated $ PPP 9.9 million to 217 projects implemented under the aegis of these two programs: $ PPP 8 million for ERCs/ARCs, and $ PPP 1.9 million for PITE. In the case of PITE, FAPESP’s percentage share of co-funding depends on the degree of innovation in the proposal and the associated technological risks, ranging from 20% to 50% and even 70% of the budget. In the case of the ERC/ARC program, partner companies are required to match FAPESP’s investment in funding, while host institutions match both in the form of laboratory and other infrastructure, salaries for researchers and support personnel etc.
TABLE 43 PARTNERSHIPS WITH DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN COMPANIES, BY FUNDING STRATEGY Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted for in 2019, including scholarships/fellowships and grants associated
Funding strategies Disbursement from Active New projects FAPESP ($ PPP) projects contracted
Research for Innovation ERCs/ARCs 8,058,258 118 52 PITE 1,906,940 99 26 Total 9,965,198 217 78
121 FAPESP 2019
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DISBURSEMENT BY FAPESP AND PARTNER COMPANIES FOR ERC/ARC AND PITE PROGRAMS – 2019
Three new Engineering Research Centers (ERCs) began operating in 2019, as detailed below:
Engineering Research Center Partner company School of Mechanical Engineering/UNICAMP
Oil Production and Reservoir Management Equinor (Statoil) School of Mechanical Engineering/UNICAMP
Excellence in Biological Control Koppert do Brasil Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/USP
School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences Plant Health in Sugarcane Grupo São Martinho (FCAV)/UNESP Jaboticabal
Over the next five years, investment in the three new centers is projected to reach $ PPP 59,305,284, of which $ PPP 12,254,237 will be contributed by FAPESP, $ PPP 37,538,992 by the host higher education and research institutions in researchers’ and technicians’ salaries, and laboratory and other infrastructure. These amounts may double if the ERCs are renewed for another five years, as provided for by the respective agreements. In 2019, seven ERCs were up and running under agreements with five companies – GlaxoSmithKlein (2), Natura, Peugeot-Citroën, EMBRAPA, and Shell (2). In aggregate, they conducted 118 projects including associated scholarships/fellowships and grants. FAPESP’s disbursement for these ERCs in the period totaled $ PPP 8 million, while the companies concerned invested $ PPP 8 million and the host institutions contributed $ PPP 16.2 million, taking total investment to $ PPP 32.3 million. In the case of PITE, the following companies with active agreements in 2019 transferred $ PPP 8 million 665,000 to FAPESP to support projects: Agilent, Fundação Grupo Boticário, IBM Brazil, Microsoft, and SABESP.
122 COLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING IN RESEARCH
MOST FREQUENT DESTINATIONS AND ORIGINS
DESTINATIONS OF 1,108 DESTINATIONS OF 235 PARTICIPATION IN 359 ORIGINS OF 162 VISITING RIA AWARDEES RFA AWARDEES SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS RESEARCHERS Europe 634 Europe 118 Europe 202 Europe 91 North America 395 North America 100 North America 99 North America 44 Oceania 43 Latin America & Caribbean 5 Latin America & Caribbean 32 Asia 10 Latin America & Caribbean 17 Oceania 10 Asia 21 Latin America & Caribbean 12 Asia 16 Asia 1 Oceania 3 Oceania 2 Africa 3 Middle East 1 Africa 1 Africa 2 Middle East 1 Middle East 1
SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS AWARDED UNDER COOPERATION ORGANIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS AGREEMENTS WITH 14 meetings held with European organizations 27 US organizations 8 meetings held in Brazil with UK organizations (7) and 51 European organizations one German organization 20 multilateral organizations
FAPESP WEEK
In 2019, the 18th edition of FAPESP Week was held in London (UK) on February 11-12, and the 19th edition in Lyon and Paris (France) on November 21-22 and November 25-27 respectively. Since 2011, FAPESP Week scientific symposia have helped create an environment for scientific collaboration between Brazilian and foreign researchers with shared or complementary interests.
2011 UNITED STATES – Washington, D.C.
2012 CANADA SPAIN UNITED STATES Toronto Salamanca, Madri Washington, D.C., Morgantown (West Virginia) and Cambridge (Massachusetts)
2013 UNITED STATES INGLATERRA – London JAPÃO – Tokyo Charlotte, Chapel Hill and Railegh (North Carolina)
2014 ALEMANHA – Munik CHINA – Beijing UNITED STATES Berkeley and Davis (California)
2015 ARGENTINA – Buenos Aires ESPANHA – Barcelona BRASIL – Sao Paulo
2016 UNITED STATES – Michigan and Ohio URUGUAI – Montevideu
2017 UNITED STATES – Nebraska and Texas
2018 BÉLGICA UNITED STATES – Nova York FAPESP WEEK HELD – 2011 TO 2019 TO HELD – 2011 WEEK FAPESP Brussels, Liège, Lovaina
2019 INGLATERRA – London FRANÇA – Lyon, Paris
123 FAPESP 2019
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FUNDING AGENCIES AND ACADEMIC ORGANIZATIONS
ACADEMIC ORGANIZATIONS:
109 active agreements with: - 107 foreign institutions and 2 domestic institutions
FUNDING AGENCIES:
99 active agreements with: - 77 agencies (57 foreign and 20 domestic); - 16 multilateral agencies; - 6 Brazilian associations.
The organizations and companies with which FAPESP had agreements in 2019 are listed on pp. 126-127 and pp. 128-129 respectively.
124 COLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING IN RESEARCH MAP OF COOPERATION
AFRICA NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA 4 organizations in 3 countries 36 organizations in 3 countries 39 organizations in 7 countries
ASIA EUROPE OCEANIA 12 organizations in 6 countries 97 organizations in 16 countries 10 organizations in 2 countries
125 FAPESP 2019
AGENCIES AND ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS IN 2019
AFRICA • Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) South • National Research Foundation (NRF) • Centro Alemão de Ciência e Inovação de São Paulo (DWIH) Africa • Stellenbosch University • Conselho Nacional das Fundações Estaduais de Amparo à Pesquisa (Confap) Cabo • Ministério da Educação Superior, Ciência e Inovação (MESCI) • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico Verde e Tecnológico (CNPq) • Coord. de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) Mozambique • Fundo Nacional de Investigação (FNI) • Embaixada do Reino Unido da Grã Bretanha e da Irlanda do Norte • Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) • Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (Fapeam) • Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo (Fapes) NORTH AMERICA • Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Canada • Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Catarina (FAPESC) • Carleton University • Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado • Consortium Alberta, Laval, Dalhousie and Ottawa (CALDO) de Pernambuco (Facepe) • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research • Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de Paraíba (Fapesq) Council of Canada (NSERC) • Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV) • National Research Council of Canada (NRC) • Fundação Maria Cecília Souto Vidigal • Fonds de Recherche du Quebec (FRQ) • Instituto de Estudos de Saúde Suplementar (IESS) • University of Toronto • Instituto Euvaldo Lodi (IEL/SP) • University of Victoria • Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Inpe) • Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações United • Case Western Reserve University • Prefeitura Municipal de Jundiaí States • Columbia Global Centers • Secretaria de Governo do Estado de São Paulo • Duke University • Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo • Emory University • Secretaria Municipal de Inovação e Tecnologia de São Paulo • Gates Foundation • Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Paulo • George Washington University • Sindicato das Empresas de Compra, Venda, Locação • John E. Fogarty International Center e Administração de Imóveis Residenciais e Comerciais • National Institutes of Health (NIH) de São Paulo (Secovi-SP) • National Science Foundation (NSF) e universidades americanas • União dos Produtores de Bioenergia (Udop) • Pew Latin American Fellows Program • in the Biomedical Sciences (PEW) Chile Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica • Programa Dra. Ruth Cardoso (Capes/Fulbright/ y Tecnológica (Conycit) • Universidade Columbia) Universidad de Chile (UCH) • • Purdue University Universidad de la Frontera • • Smithsonian Institution Universidad de Magallanes (UMAG) • Texas Tech University (TTU) Colombia • Universidad de Antioquia • Texas A&M University (TAMU) • The Scripps Research Institute Paraguay • Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Conacyt) • University of California San Diego (UCSD) • University of Central Florida Peru • Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación • University of Georgia Tecnológica (Concytec) • University of Illinois • • University of Maryland Uruguay Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación • University of Missouri de Uruguay (ANII) • • University of Nebraska - Lincoln Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevideo (AUGM) • University of North Carolina - Charlotte • University of Virginia ASIA • Vanderbilt University • West Virginia University (WVU) China • National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) • Tianjin University (TJU) • Mexico Conselho Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Estados Unidos • Zhejiang University (ZIU) do México (CONACYT) South Korea • National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
SOUTH AMERICA Iran • Cognitive Science and Technology Council of Iran (CSTC)
• Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet) Israel • Matimop • Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación • Technion - Instituto de Tecnologia de Israel Productiva (MINCyT) e USP: Projeto LLAMA • The Hebrew University of Jerusalem • Weizmann Institute of Science Brazil • Apae de São Paulo • Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Alta Japan • Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Tecnologia de Produtos para a Saúde (Abimed) • University of Tsukuba • Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Inovação Industrial (Embrapii) Singapore • National University of Singapure
126 COLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING IN RESEARCH AGENCIES AND ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
EUROPE • Coventry University • Durham University Germany • Cornet • Heriot-Watt University • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) • Imperial College • DWIH – German House of Science and Innovation • Keele University • Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft • King’s College London • Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg • Queen Mary University of London • Bavarian State Ministry of Science and the Arts of the Free • Queen’s University of Belfast State of Bavaria (StMWK) • UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) – BBSRC, NERC, MRC, ESRC • Ministério Federal da Educação e Pesquisa da Alemanha (BMBF) • UK Academies • German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) • Royal Academy of Engineering • Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science • University of Bath • Technishe Universität München • University of Birmingham • Universität Hamburg • University of Glasgow • University of Münster • University of Leeds • Austria • Universit of Natural Resources and Life Science University of Manchester • • International Institute for Apllied Systems Analysis University of Nottingham • University of Oxford Belgium • Eureka Network • University of Southampton • Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.- FNRS) • University of Surrey • Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) • University of Warwick • University of York Denmark • Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education (DAFSHE) • Innovation Fund Denmark (ex-DCSR) Czech • Czech Science Foundation (GACR) • University of Copenhagen Republic • Technology Agency of the Czech Republic
Spain • Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial (CDTI) Russian • Russian Federation for Basic Research • Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) • • Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (SEIDI) Sweden Halmstad University • • Universidad Complutense de Madrid Karolinska Institutet • • Universidad Miguel Hernandéz de Elche Linköping University • • Universidad de Salamanca Lund University • Swedish Research Council Finland • Academy of Finland (AKA) • Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (Vinnova) • Uppsala University France • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) • École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales OCEANIA • Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) Australia • Australian National University (ANU) • Groupe des Écoles Centrales (GEC) • Australian Technology Network of Universities (ATN) • Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) • Deakin University • Institut National de Recherche en Informatique • Macquarie University et en Automatique (INRIA) • Swinburne University of Technology • Sorbonne Universités • University of Queensland • Université de Lyon • University of Sydney • Université Grenoble Alpes • University of Wollongong (UOW) • Victoria University Netherland • BE-BASIC • Delft University of Tecnhnology New Zeland • Universities New Zealand, Te Pokai Tara (UNZ) • Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam • Leiden University • Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) MULTINATIONAL AGENCIES • Stichting Dutch Polymer Institute • Belmont Forum (IGFA) • Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (TU/e) • EU-LIFE • Earth Biogenome Project (EBP) • Ireland Irish Research Council (IRC) • European Research Council (ERC) • Foundation for Food and Agriculture (FFAR)/CROPS Italy • Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (CNR) • Fundo Global para o Meio Ambiente (GEF) • Ministero degli Affari Esteri e dela Cooperazione Internazionale • Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) • Network of Italian Universities • Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease • Scuola Normale Superiore Preparedness (GloPID-R) • Università di Bologna • GMTO Corporation Norway • Research Council of Norway (RCN) • Incobra • Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) Portugal • Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) • Inter-American Network of Academies of Science (IANAS) • M-ERA.NET United • Brunel University London • Parceria G3 Kingdom • British Council/Newton Fund • Trans-Atlantic Platform for the Social Sciences and Humanities • Cardiff University • União Europeia (Horizon 2020)
127 FAPESP 2019
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RESEARCH COLABORATION WITH COMPANIES
PARTNER COMPANIES
8 co-funders of Engineering Research Centers (ERCs): 5 foreign and 3 Brazilian 118 active projects and 52 new projects contracted for in 2019 ◆ 15 co-funders via PITE Agreements: UNITED STATES 12 Brazilian and 3 foreign ◆ 89 active projects and 24 new projects Agilent Technologies ◆ Microsoft contracted for in 2019 10 partner companies via PITE Spontaneous Demand 10 active projects and 2 new projects contracted for in 2019
1 Companie with 5 ERC established 2 Companie with 2 ERC established 3 Companie with active agreements without current project
128 COLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING IN RESEARCH WITH COMPANIES
UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE NETHERLAND NORWAY
◆ (1) AstraZeneca PSA Groupe – Koppert Equinor Grupo Shell(1) Peugeot Citroën GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)(2)
BRAZIL
AgroBio ◆ Copag ◆ Intel Semicondutores do Brasil ◆ Andaraguá S.A. Embrapa Medicines for Malaria Venture bioMérieux Brasil S.A. EMS S.A. Natura ◆ BioZeus(3) ◆ Fundação Biominas(3) Padtec ◆ BP Biocombustíveis ◆ Fundação Grupo Boticário Proteca Biotecnologia Florestal Ltda. ◆ Braskem Grupo São Martinho ◆ Rhodia Cetesb Infibra S.A. ◆ Sabesp Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia ◆ IBM Brasil Structural Genomics Consortium e Mineração ◆ Inform. de Municípios Associados (IMA)3
129 FAPESP 2019
130 APPENDIX
List of charts and tables in the report
CHAPTER
6 131
LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS
LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS IN THE REPORT
CHAPTER 1 – THE INSTITUTION
CHART 1 Number of projects supported – 1962 to 2019 ...... 32
TABLE 1 Ad hoc reviewers and assessments ...... 34 Evolution – 2014 to 2019
CHART 2 Number of assessments by reviewers'regions of origin – 2014 to 2019 ...... 34
CHAPTER 2 – GENERAL INDICATORS
CHART 3 Composition of FAPESP's Income – 2019 ...... 40
CHART 4 Annual evolution of disbursement for research funding ($ PPP) – 2013 to 2019 ...... 40
Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted – 2019 TABLE 2 By Funding Strategies ...... 41
TABLE 3 By Major Knowledge Areas ...... 41
TABLE 4 By Institution ...... 41
TABLE 5 By Scholarships/Fellowships and Grants by Funding Strategies ...... 42
Annual evolution of disbursement ($ PPP) – 2013 to 2019 TABLE 6 By Funding Strategies ...... 44
TABLE 7 By Types of Scholarships/Fellowships and Grants ...... 44
Annual evolution of the number of projects contracted – 2013 to 2019 TABLE 8 By Funding Strategies ...... 45 TABLE 9 By Types of Scholarships/Fellowships and Grants ...... 45
CHAPTER 3 – FUNDING STRATEGIES
Training of Human Resources for Research TABLE 10 Training of Human Resources for Research ...... 49 Types of scholarships/fellowships, disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted for in 2019
TABLE 11 Training of Human Resources for Research...... 49 Types of scholarships/fellowships, disbursement and new projects contracted for in 2019 by major knowledge areas
133 FAPESP 2019
LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS IN THE REPORT
Basic and Applied Research TABLE 12 Basic and Applied Research ...... 54 Disbursement and new projects contracted in 2019 by major knowledge area
TABLE 13 Thematic ...... 55 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
TABLE 14 Special Projects ...... 55 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
TABLE 15 RIDCs ...... 60 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
TABLE 16 Young Investigators ...... 66 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
TABLE 17 SPEC ...... 66 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
TABLE 18 Regular Grants ...... 69 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
Research for Innovation TABLE 19 Research for Innovation ...... 73 Disbursement (in $ PPP) and number of new projects contracted for as research in partnership with companies in 2019, by major knowledge area
TABLE 20 ERC/ARCs ...... 74 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
TABLE 21 PITE ...... 78 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
TABLE 22 PIPE ...... 81 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
CHART 5 Geography of Innovation ...... 82 Companies supported by PIPE in Administrative Regions (AR) of São Paulo State – since 1997*
CHART 6 Patent applications filed – 1982 to 2019 PAPI/NUPLITEC Program established ...... 87
TABLE 23 Patent applications filed – 1982 to 2019 PAPI/NUPLITEC Program established ...... 87 By major knowledge area
134 LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE 24 Breakdown of 1,483 patent applications filed by IPC Class – 1982 to 2019 ...... 87
Research on Strategic Themes TABLE 25 Research on Strategic Themes ...... 88 Disbursement and new projects contracted for in 2019, by major knowledge area
TABLE 26 BIOTA ...... 89 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
TABLE 27 RPGCC ...... 89 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
TABLE 28 BIOEN ...... 92 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
TABLE 29 Modernization of Research Institutions ...... 92 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
TABLE 30 eScience & Data Science ...... 94 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
TABLE 31 PPP, PP-SUS and Public Education ...... 94 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
Support for Research Infrastructure TABLE 32 Support for Research Infrastructure ...... 96 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted in 2019
Communicating Science to the Public CHART 7 Total number of subscribers – Annual Change ...... 99 Agência FAPESP
CHART 8 Reproductions of Agência FAPESP's original content by Brazilian and Foreign Media Outlets ...... 99
CHART 9 Total website (Agência FAPESP) page views – Annual Change...... 99
CHART 10 News stories based on editorial suggestions by press office ...... 101
CHART 11 Annual change in media citations of FAPESP ...... 102
135 FAPESP 2019
TABLE 33 Brazilian media ...... 103 Top 10 news stories in terms of media coverage
TABLE 34 Foreign media ...... 103 Top 10 news stories in terms of media coverage
CHAPTER 4 – OVERVIEW OF SCHOLARSHIPS/FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS
TABLE 35 Scholarships/Fellowships – Disbursements in 2019 ($ PPP)...... 110 By types or program and funding strategies
TABLE 36 Scholarships/Fellowships – Number of new projects contracted for in 2019 ...... 111 By types or program and funding strategies
TABLE 37 Grants – Disbursements in 2019 ($ PPP)...... 112 By types or program and funding strategies
TABLE 38 Grants – Number of new projects contracted for in 2019 ...... 113 By types or program and funding strategies
CHAPTER 5 – COLLABORATION AND CO-FUNDING IN RESEARCH
TABLE 39 Domestic and International partnerships for research collaboration and co-funding ...... 116 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted for in 2019, including scholarships/fellowships and grant associated
TABLE 40 Continuous flow institutional instruments (funding solely by FAPESP) ...... 117 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted for in 2019, including scholarships/fellowships and grant associated
TABLE 41 Partnerships with higher education and research institutions, by funding strategy ...... 118 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted for in 2019, including scholarships/fellowships and grant associated
TABLE 42 Partnerships with funding agencies, by funding strategy ...... 120 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted for in 2019, including scholarships/fellowships and grant associated
TABLE 43 Partnerships with domestic and foreign companies, by funding strategy ...... 121 Disbursement, number of active projects and new projects contracted for in 2019, including scholarships/fellowships and grant associated
136 FUNDING STRATEGIES FORMAÇÃO DE RECURSOS HUMANOS
137 FAPESP 2019
138 EDITORIAL PRODUCTION
Coordenation FAPESP Communications Management
Editor Claudia Izique
Executive production and text Jussara Mangini
Translation into English Kevin M. B. Mundy
Graphic design, cover, eletronic typesseting and final art Tatiane Britto
Data Source Scientific Directorate, FAPESP Computing Management, Documentation and Information Center/Research Data Base, FAPESP Financial Management, FAPESP Indicators Coordination, FAPESP Website, News Agency FAPESP, Pesquisa FAPESP magazine, FAPESP na Mídia Website and Google Analytics.
Printing Stilgraf
Circulation 500 units
139
SÃO PAULO RESEARCH FOUNDATION PAULO SÃO ANNUAL REPORT FAPESP REPORT ANNUAL 2019
ANNUAL REPORT FAPESP 2019 o Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Econômic Rua Pio XI, 1500 – Alto da Lapa 1500 – Alto XI, Rua Pio CEP 05468-901 – São Paulo, SP São – Paulo, CEP 05468-901 SÃO PAULO RESEARCH FOUNDATION PAULO SÃO www.fapesp.br/en o Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Econômic