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Women's Association Football (Soccer) in Brisbane, Queensland 1921 This may be the author’s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source: McGowan, Lee (2019) Women’s association football (soccer) in Brisbane, Queensland 1921- 1933: new perspectives on early competition. Sport in History, 39(2), pp. 187-206. This file was downloaded from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/128663/ c Consult author(s) regarding copyright matters This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the docu- ment is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recog- nise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to [email protected] Notice: Please note that this document may not be the Version of Record (i.e. published version) of the work. Author manuscript versions (as Sub- mitted for peer review or as Accepted for publication after peer review) can be identified by an absence of publisher branding and/or typeset appear- ance. If there is any doubt, please refer to the published source. https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2019.1602075 Women’s association football (soccer) in Brisbane, Queensland 1921–1933: new perspectives on early competition Lee McGowan Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-453X Dr Lee McGowan is a researcher at the Queensland University of Technology. He’s written fiction and non-fiction for a range of publications. Besides women’s football (soccer), his research focuses on generative narratives and community engagement. He’s currently mapping the history of the football novel in Football in Fiction, an academic text for Routledge (2020) and in a social history of women’s football in Australia for NewSouth Books (2019). This work was supported by funding from a Queensland University of Technology Engagement Innovation Grant in partnership with the not-for-profit organisation Football Queensland. Women’s association football (soccer) in Brisbane, Queensland 1921–1933: new perspectives on early competition In September 1921, two representative women’s teams played association football (soccer) on the Brisbane Cricket Ground in Queensland, Australia. The crowd size, approximately 10,000, was not commensurate with those attending matches featuring Dick, Kerr Ladies in England during the same period, but it was nonetheless a significant crowd at a match now widely acknowledged as Australia’s first public game of women’s association football. New evidence suggests it may have been the first between representative female association football sides, with players selected from local teams. Contemporary accounts note the match as a single event. Regular organised competition did not occur until the early 1970s, but led to the formation of a national association in 1974. An overview of current literature and new archival research highlights the emergence of a strong culture around woman’s association football that begins before the Brisbane Cricket Ground match. The evidence presents a possible imbalance between what occurred and what has been recorded, and suggests a much more prolonged, if somewhat fragmented, engagement with association football between 1921 and 1933 in southern Queensland. The emergence of competition in Brisbane in the 1920s foregrounds the city’s—and, with it, Queensland’s—contribution to the history and development of Australian women’s football. Keywords: women’s football; women’s soccer; association football; football history; Brisbane. Women’s association football (soccer) in Brisbane, Queensland 1921–1933 2 Introduction On 24 September 1921, two women’s teams played association football (soccer) on the Brisbane Cricket Ground in Woolloongabba, the Brisbane suburb that now lends the grounds the colloquial title of ‘the Gabba’, The Queensland Football Association (QFA), the game’s local and state authority, held the lease on the venue and used the playing field for men’s association football. The women’s match was scheduled at 2:30pm, sandwiched between two matches featuring men’s teams. Amy Rochelle, a leading Australian theatre performer, took the kick-off from the centre spot and promptly left the field.1 In a recently discovered series of photographic images, the contrast between Rochelle’s patterned dress and the players’ ‘less feminine’ sporting attire is striking.2 The cricket pitch is visible. The crowd size, approximately 10,000, was not commensurate with those attendances at games featuring Dick, Kerr Ladies in England during the same period, but it was nonetheless a significant crowd at a match acknowledged as Australia’s first public game of women’s association football.3 The teams—North Brisbane (the Reds) and South Brisbane (the Blues)—were made up of players selected from a handful of teams that were, by then, competing regularly in association football matches on pitches at Bardon Park and Toowong sports ground, Brisbane.4 The informal competition, made up of at least four clubs, appears to be Australia’s first women’s association football competition. The game took place at the Brisbane Cricket Ground in the city’s suburb of Woolloongabba, now better known as the ’Gabba, is Australia’s first between two representative sides of female association footballers. This paper will offer the first detailed discussion on women’s football’s development in and around Brisbane and southern Queensland, including the cities of Toowoomba and Ipswich, during the 1920s and early 1930s. [image 1] Women’s association football (soccer) in Brisbane, Queensland 1921–1933 3 Figure 1. Women playing Association Football at the Brisbane Cricket Ground, 24 September 1921.5 [image 2] Figure 2. The best players in Brisbane? Team members from the North Brisbane (Reds) and South Brisbane (Blues), Australia’s first representative women’s association football teams. Use of the term ‘football’ in this paper, unless otherwise stated, refers to the association game, or soccer. Throughout Australian archival records, the terms ‘soccer’, ‘football’, ‘British Association football’ and ‘association football’ are used interchangeably to refer to the game more commonly known, globally and simply, as football. The terms are often used together by related sports organisations and writers in the 1920s. The Queensland Ladies Soccer Football Association (QLSFA), which formed in 1921, is one example. Today, the term ‘football’ remains contested in the Australian context. In keeping with international expectation, its ownership is claimed by football, or soccer’s, national governing body Football Federation Australia (FFA). The FFA’s counterparts in the three other sporting codes and organisational bodies, which also claim ownership of the term ‘football’, describe association football as ‘soccer’.6 The term ‘soccer’ remains a stubborn differentiation for those Australians outside of the association football community, while those within the community, insistent on using the term ‘football’ to describe their preferred code, believe their code is the only ‘true football’. Their determination was underlined by the sport’s national governing body, the Australian Soccer Association in 2005, when it changed its name to Football Federation Australia.7 The development of Australian women’s association football during this period was far from isolated or impulsive. As Katherine Haines notes, at least 16 individual women’s ‘football’ initiatives commenced in 1921 across the Australasian region: six were related to Australian rules football; two to rugby league; one to rugby union; two were noted as being Women’s association football (soccer) in Brisbane, Queensland 1921–1933 4 rugby but not of which code; and the remainder related to ‘soccer’, including the organisations formed in Brisbane and Toowoomba (discussed below).8 Women had been competing in Australian rules football matches in Western Australia in 1915.9 All four codes identified as women’s ‘football’ in Australia, especially rugby league and Australian rules football, experienced a peak in 1921.10 A week before the Gabba match in Brisbane, on 17 September 1921, two women’s rugby league teams played in Sydney before as many as 30,000 people.11 Peter Burke’s examination of the origins of early Australian rules football played by women in Western Australia offers useful context of women’s participation in the Australian code,12 but it is Rob Hess who offers substantial insight and commentary on the remarkable growth in interest and participation across the codes and the deeper, wider social forces associated with women and modernity following World War One.13 Daryl Adair and Wray Vamplew are among those who provide informed perspective on the development of Australian women’s sport. Although not the focus here, their work and that of Jean Williams (with Robb Hess), Katherine Haines and others should be consulted for the broader Australian cross-code context.14 While this paper has predominantly been developed through new archival evidence, a small number of key texts that have examined various historical and contemporaneous aspects of the Australian association football context have been taken as a starting point. They
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