University of Denver Sports and Entertainment Law Journal VOLUME VIII - EDITORIAL BOARD – SCOTT NECKERS Editor-in-Chief WILLIAM BODIE MATTHEW HOFMEISTER Managing Editor Senior Articles Editor LINDSAY TANIS ALLISON ROSEN Candidacy Editor Technical Editor Staff DAVID BAKER STEPHEN BURSTEIN JOHN CARRERAS KENT DALLOW ELIZABETH DAUER GARRETT DEAN ROBERT DOUGLASS LEIF ERICSON VERONICA FERMIN JESSICA GELLER MATTHEW HANNA JOSEPH HARDER GEORGE HOLLEY JACQUELYN HUTZELL BRICE KINDRED HILLARY KLUG NATHAN KROB THOMAS LOEGERING JAMES LUCKENBILL JONATHAN MARTIN JESSE MCMAHON GABRIEL OLIVARES JORDAN POWERS ANTHONY ROSSI THERESA SAUER ZACHARY WARKENTIN 1 University of Denver Sports and Entertainment Law Journal CONTENTS LETTER FROM THE EDITOR……………………………………………………………………........3 ARTICLES FULL COURT PRESS: PROBLEMS PLAGUING YOUTH BASKETBALL IN THE UNITED STATES AND AN AGGRESSIVE PLAN TO ATTACK THEM……………………………………………………………..4 PAUL POGGE CONTESTS, CONTRACTS, & COPYRIGHT: SOMETIMES A GREAT CONTEST………………………35 PAMELA S. EVERS DEMOLITION BY NEGLECT IN DETROIT AND THE BATTLE TO SAVE HISTORIC TIGER STADIUM: LESSONS FOR BASEBALL PARK PRESERVATIONISTS……………………………………………...47 ANDY JACOBY YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT, WHICH IS HOPEFULLY SOMETHING: MINIMUM WEIGHT REGULATIONS FOR HIGH SCHOOL AND INTERCOLLEGIATE WRESTLERS…………………………………………81 TIMOTHY FIORTA COPYRIGHT LAW AND THE VISUAL ARTS: FAIREY V. AP………………………………………...101 ELIZABETH DAUER AND ALLISON ROSEN 2 University of Denver Sports and Entertainment Law Journal LETTER FROM THE EDITOR Dear Reader, With much delight, we are pleased to present the Spring 2010 issue of the University of Denver Sports and Entertainment Law Journal. With this issue, we are excited to bring you incisive legal analysis and commentary on a variety of topics within sports and entertainment law. Our authors present diverse perspectives from their positions as law students, professors, and practitioners, and we are enthused to publish five articles, each of which abounds with insightful legal commentary. The articles range from a commentary and case study on youth basketball programs in America, to an analysis of the intellectual property and contract issues associated with contests, to the historical preservation issues associated with the demolition of Tiger Stadium in Detroit. Further, our fourth article analyzes the dangers of rapid weight loss in the context of the sport of wrestling, and the regulatory efforts of high school and intercollegiate wrestling organizations to educate and keep the participants safe. We are especially proud of our final article, as it was co- authored by two of the Journal members. The article, written by Allison Rosen and Elizabeth Dauer, examines copyright law and the visual arts in the context of the ongoing Shepard Fairey, et al. v. The Associated Press case. We would like to thank each of the authors for their hard work and contributions to the Spring 2010 issue of the University of Denver Sports and Entertainment Law Journal. Scott Neckers Editor-in-Chief 3 University of Denver Sports and Entertainment Law Journal FULL COURT PRESS: PROBLEMS PLAGUING YOUTH BASKETBALL IN THE UNITED STATES AND AN AGGRESSIVE PLAN TO ATTACK THEM Paul Pogge* I. Introduction Amateur sports in America today, especially youth basketball, are rich sources of opportunities for growth, community, and physical activity for aspiring athletes. The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) has helped stimulate the growth of basketball in the country exponentially, yet has also contributed to the establishment of an environment infested by corporate jostling over young stars and questionable recruiting tactics used by Division I college coaches.1 As the most influential and recognizable competitive basketball organizations in the country, it is the responsibility of the AAU, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA),2 National Basketball Association (NBA),3 and the newly-formed iHoops (―Youth Basketball Initiative‖)4 to implement changes to address the negative influences on amateur basketball. The AAU and Youth Basketball Initiative must take affirmative steps to significantly strengthen regulations to minimize the influences of sponsors seeking to use the game to exert control over amateur athletes. Furthermore, it is imperative that the AAU work with the NCAA to eliminate grey area in rules that is currently being exploited by Division I college coaches seeking *Paul Pogge currently holds the position of Assistant Athletic Director at the University of Denver. After graduating from the University of Notre Dame with a degree in finance, he earned his Juris Doctorate from Notre Dame Law School and became a licensed attorney in the state of Colorado. He wishes to thank his parents, Jack and Judy Pogge, for their constant inspiration and support. He would also like to thank his sister, Patty, and his brother, Michael, for their unwavering love and encouragement. In addition, he desires to recognize the profound impact his grandparents Dr. Joseph Twidwell, Virginia Twidwell, Ray Pogge, and Kay Pogge had on his life. Finally, he would like to express his gratitude for the steadfast friendship and wisdom provided by his teachers and peers at Regis Jesuit High School and the University of Notre Dame. 1 See, e.g., Thayer Evans, Battle Rages for the Soles of a Young Star, N.Y. TIMES, Apr. 24, 2006, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/24/sports/24mayo.html?_r=1&oref=slogin. 2 The NCAA was formed in 1906 at the urging of President Theodore Roosevelt, who was concerned about the injuries and fatalities occurring from collegiate athletes playing football. GARY R. ROBERTS & PAUL C. WEILER, SPORTS AND THE LAW 741 (2004). 3 The NBA is the most recognizable professional basketball league in America, featuring teams from across the country and holding games from early November until late June. The NBA‘s website can be viewed at www.nba.com. 4 The Youth Basketball Initiative, formally named iHoops, was a landmark creation in 2008. Funded by the NCAA and NBA, the organization is ―designed to reach and benefit everyone who participates in youth basketball programs . The Initiative will create a platform for teaching youth the value of education and the important lessons of fair play.‖ NBA, NCAA, NBA Join Forces to Form iHoops, a Youth Initiative, NBA.COM (June, 9, 2010), http://www.nba.com/2009/news/06/09/ihoopsrelease/index.html. The Youth Basketball Initiative appointed Kevin Weiberg, a former Commissioner of the Big XII conference, as its first CEO in late 2008. Insidehoops.com NewsWire, NCAA-NBA Youth Basketball Initiative Names Kevin Weiberg CEO, INSIDEHOOPS.COM, Nov. 24, 2008, http://www.insidehoops.com/youth-initiative-weiberg-112408.shtml. 4 University of Denver Sports and Entertainment Law Journal commitments from AAU participants and other aspiring basketball players.5 The Youth Basketball Initiative, with support from the NBA, should be utilized to create a system in which basketball development is aided while educational pursuits and personal growth have an increased emphasis. To effectively analyze the problems within the state of youth basketball across the country today, it is first necessary to discuss the background and structure of the AAU organization that influences the sport in such a strong manner. Part II addresses this issue. Next, Part III provides an analysis of the culture of youth basketball in America, including a case study of basketball in Denver, Colorado for illustrative purposes. A discussion of corporate influences on the amateur levels of the game throughout the country is also provided. Part IV incorporates an overview of current regulations imposed on recruiting by the NCAA. With the status quo established, the facts underlying the problem of devious recruiting tactics used by some Division I basketball coaches can be scrutinized. To illustrate the problem, Part V provides examples of famous recruiting scandals and questionable tactics employed by college coaches. Part VI surveys legal issues and case law influencing efforts to eradicate negative influences from the arena of youth basketball. Combining the discussion of various competing influences in light of the foremost objective of purifying the youth basketball atmosphere in America, Part VII suggests a multi-level approach utilizing NCAA, AAU, Youth Basketball Initiative, and NBA resources to combat the negative influences corrupting the game. II. The Amateur Athletic Union In acquiescence to the need for organization of the surging numbers of American athletic participants, the AAU was established in 1888 ―to establish standards and uniformity in amateur sport.‖6 The organization‘s stated mission was ―to offer amateur athletes and volunteers opportunities to develop to their highest level through a national and local network of sporting events.‖7 In its early stages, the AAU represented the country‘s athletic interests on an international level in several different ways, the most important of which was involvement with the Olympic Games as a developmental system for future participants.8 This focus was altered years later, however, by the Ted Stevens Olympic and Amateur Sports Act (―Amateur Sports Act‖) that was passed in the United States in 1978.9 In the wake of changes made after the Act, the AAU now provides opportunities for amateur athletes in over thirty competitive sports, with girls and boys basketball as the most popular programs.10 In 2004, for instance, ―the AAU boasted over 500,000 members with 50,000 plus volunteers . .‖11 The structure of the