sign in sign up
<<
Home , Folk hero, Fool (stock character), Trickster

TRICKSTERS, COMEDIANS, FOOLS, ROGUES, AND PICAROS:

by Don L. F. Nilsen English Department Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-0302 ( [email protected] )

Abrams, David M., and Brian Sutton-Smith. "The Development of the in Children's Narrative." Journal of American 90 (1977): 29-47. Ajayi, 'Bade. "Asa: The Court in Yoruba Oral Tradition." Jolan: Journal of the Linguistic Association of Nigeria. 3 (1985): 113-121. Allen, Paula Gunn. Off the Reservation: Reflections on Boundary-Busting, Border-Crossing Loose Canons. Boston, MA: Beacon, 1998. Alter, Robert. Rogue's Progress: Studies in the . Harvard Studies in Comparative Literature 26 Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964. Ammons, Elizabeth, and Annette White-Pak, eds. Tricksterism in Turn-of-the-Century American Literature: A Multicultural Perspective. Hanover, NH: Tufts University Press of New England, 1994. Amory, Frederic. The Entry of the Trickster to the High Cultures of the West. Folklore Prepint Series 5.2. Bloomington, IN: Folklore Publications Group, Folklore Studies Association, Indiana University, 1977. Amory, Frederic. "Three Profiles of the Trickster." Arv: Scandinavian Yearbook of Folklore [Finland] 44 (1988): 7-25. Arnold, A. James, ed. , Tricksters, and Sacred Cows: Animal lTales and American Identities. New World Studies. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1996. Ashley Kathleen M. "The Guiler Beguiled: Christ and Satan as Theological Tricksters in Medieval Religious Literature." Criticism 24.2 (Spring, 1982): 126-1337. Auda, Valerie. "The Court or Jester: A Historic Background." Cycnos [] 5 (1989): 23-26. Babcock, Barbara Abrahams, ed. The Reversible World: Symbolic Inversion in Art and Society. Symbol, , and Ritual Series. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1978. Babcock, Barbara Abrahams. "`A Tolerated Margin of Mess': The Trickster and His Tales Reconsidered." Journal of the Folklore Institute 9 (1975): 147-186. Babcock, Barbara Abrahams, and Jay Cox. "The Native American Trickster." Dictionary of Native American Literature. Ed. Andrew Wiget. New York, NY: Garland, 1994, 99-105. Badejo, Dierdre L. "The Yoruba and Afro-American Trickster: A Contextual Comparison." Présence Africaine [France] 147.3 (1988): 3-17. Baker, Margaret P. "The as Trickster." Journal of Popular Culture 28 (1994): 149-158. Ballinger, Franchot. "Living Sideways: Social Themes and Social Relations in Native American Trickster Tales." Studies in American Indian Literatures 13.1 (1989): 15-30. Bain, Roly. Fools Rush In. London, England: Marshall Pickering, 1993. Ballinger, Franchot. Living Sideways. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004. Barrand, Anthony G. "The Morris Dancer as Straight-Man: A Fool's Eye View of Humour in Seasonal Morris Dance Performances." Spoken in Gest. Ed. Gillian Bennett. Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991. 119-138. Basso, Ellen B. "The Trickster's Scattered Self." Anthropological Linguistics 30.3-4 (Fall-Winter, 1988): 292- 318; Reprinted in Disorderly Discourse: Narrative, Conflict, and Inequality. Ed. Charles L. Briggs. Oxford, England: Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics 7, 1996. Beck, Ervin. "Trickster on the Threshhold: An Interpretation of Children's Autumn Traditions." Folklore 96.1 (1985): 24-28. Beebe. John. "The Trickster in the Arts." Jungian Literary Criticism. Ed. Richard P. Sugg. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1992, 302-311.

TRICKSTERS, PAGE 1 Beecher, Don. "The Courtier as Trickster in Massinger's The Duke of Milan." Cahiers Elisabethains 23 (1983): 73-82. Beecher, Don. "Gianlorenzo Bernini's The Impresario: The Artist as Supreme Trickster." University of Toronto Quarterly 53.3 (1984): 236-247. Beecher, Don. "Intriguers and Trickster: The Manifestations of an Arlchetype in the Comedy of the Renaissance." Revue de Litterature Comparee 61.1 (1987): 5-29. Beecher, Don. "The Progress of Trickster in Ben Jonson's Volpone." Cahiers Elisabethains 27 (1985): 43-51. Beidelman, T. O. "The Moral Imagination of the Kaguru: Some Thoughts on Tricksters, Translation and Comparative Analysis." American Ethnologist 7 (1980): 27-42. Belkin, Ahuva. "'Here's My Coxcomb': Some Notes on the Fool's Dress." Assaph: Studies in the Theatre 1.1 (1984): 40-54. Berkove, Lawrence I. "The Trickster God in Roughing It." Thalia: Studies in Literary Humor. 28.1-2 (1999): 21-30; reprinted in Trickster Lives: Culture and Myth in American Fiction. Ed. Jeanne C. Reesman. Athens, Ga: University of Georgia Press, 2001, 84-96. Billington, Sandra. A Social History of the Fool. New York: St. Martin's, 1984. Blackburn, Alexander. The Myth of the Picaro. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979. Boardman, Brigid M. "'Dear Jester in the Courts of God': Francis Thompson's Tribute to St. Thomas More." Moreana 27.101-102 (1990): 87-92. Boskin, Joseph. Sambo: The Rise and Demise of an American Jester. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1986. Bouissac, Paul. Circus and Culture: A Semiotic Approach. Bloomington, IN: University of Indiana, 1976. Bouissac, Paul. “The Circus as a Multimedia Language.” Language Sciences 11 (1976): 1-7. Bouissac, Paul. “The Marketing of Performance.” Marketing and Semiotics Ed. Jean Umiker-Sebeok, 1987, 391-406. Bouissac, Paul. “System vs. Process in the Understanding of Performance.” Multimedial Communication II Ed. Ernest Hess-Luttich, 1982, 63-75. Briggs, Rudolfo, Sheherazade's Sisters: Trickster Heroines and Their Stories in World Literature. Bright, William. A Reader. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993. Browne, Thomas. "Mercutio as Mercury: Trickster and Shadow." Upstart Crow 9 (1989): 40-51. Busby, Olive Mary. Studies in the Development of the Fool in the Elizabethan Drama. Folcroft, PA: Folcroft Library Editions. 1975. Callahan, Tim. "Devil, Trickster, and Fool." Mythlore 17.4 (1991): 29-34, 36. Canfield, J. Douglas. Tricksters and States: On the Ideology of Restoration Comedy. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1997. Carroll, Michael P. "The Trickster as Selfish-Buffoon and Culture ." Ethos 12.2 (1984): 105-231. Catt, Catherine M. "Ancient Myth in Modern America: The Trickster in the Fiction of Louise Erdrich." Platte Valley Review 19.1 (1991): 71-81. Chu, Patricia Pei-chang. "Tripmaster Monkey, Frank Chin, and the Chinese Heroic Tradition." Arizona Quarterly 53.3 (1997): 117-139. Collins, Richard W. Foolscape. NY: Perivale, 1983. Combs, Allan, and Mark Holland. Synchronicy, Myth, and the Trickster. New York, NY: Omega Book, Paragon House, 1990. Conion, Raymond. "The Burlador and the Burlados: A Sinister Connection." Bulletin of the Comediantes 42.1 (1990): 5-22. Cooksey, Thomas L. "Hero of the Margin: The Trickster as Deterritorialized Animal." Thalia: Studies in Literary Humor. 28.1-2 (1999): 50-61. Cox, Harvey. The Feast of Fools: A Theological Essay on Festivity and Fantasy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ Press, 1969. Cox, Jay. "Dangerous Definitions: Female Tricksters in Contemporary Native American Literature." Wicazo Sa

TRICKSTERS, PAGE 2 Review 5.2 (1989): 17-21. Danielson, Larry. "The Dialect Trickster among the Kansas Swedes." Indiana Folklore 8 (1975): 39-60. Davis, Nina Cox. "The Picaro as Jester in the Spanish Picaresque." Romance Quarterly 36.1 (1989): 49-61. De Gerenday, Lynn Antonia. "The Word as Actor: Chapman's Lemot." Cahiers Elisabethains 32.3 (1987): 3-11. Doan, James E. "Cearbhall O'Dalaigh as Craftsman and Trickster." Bealoideas: The Journal of the Folklore of Ireland Society 50 (1982): 54-89; reprinted in Cearbhall O’Dalaigh: An Irish Poet in Romance and Oral Tradition. New York, NY: Garland Press, 1990, 307-347. Dobie, J. Frank. The Voice of the Coyote. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1961. Doty, William G., and William J. Hynes. "Historical Overview of Theoretical Issues: The Problem of the Trickster." Mythical Trickster Figures: Contours, Contexts, and Criticisms. Eds. William J. Hynes and William G. Doty, Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1993, 13-32. Drew, Anne Marie. "A Sigh into a Looking Glass: The Trickster in The Winter's Tale and Happy Days." Comparative Literature Studies 26.2 (1989): 93-114. Dunn, Peter N. The Spanish Picaresque Novel. Boston: Twain, 1979. Dynes, William R. "The Trickster-Figure in Jacobean City Comedy." Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900. 33.2 (1993): 365-384. Eco, Umberto. "Frames of Comic Freedom." Carnival! Eds. Thomas A. Sebeok and Marcia E. Erickson. Berlin, Germany: Mouton, 1984, 1-9. El Saffar, Ruth. "Tricking the Trickster in the Works of Cervantes." Symposium 37.2 (1983): 106-124. Erasmus, Desidirius. The Praise of Folly. Trans. Leonard F. Dean. NY: Hendricks House, 1946. Erdoes, Richard, and Alfonso Ortiz. American Indian Trickster Tales. New York, NY: Penguin Putnam Inc., 1999. Fletcher, M. D. "Parodying the Picaresque in Peter Carey's Illywacker." Commonwealth Review 5.2 (1994). Friedman, Edward H. "The Picaresque as Autobiography: Story and History." Autiobiography in Early Modern Spain. Ed. Nicholas Spadaccini. Minneapolis, MN: Prisma, 1988, 119-27. Friedman, Hershey H., and Steve Lipman. "Satan the Accuser: Trickster in Talmudic and Midrashic Literature. Thalia: Studies in Literary Humor. 28.1-2 (1999): 31-41. Gale, Steven H. “Comedians and Standup Comedy.” Encyclopedia of U.S. Popular Culture. Eds. Ray and Pat Browne. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio, 2000. Gehring, Wes D. "The Comic Anti-Hero in American Fiction: Its First Full Articulation." Thalia 2.3 (1979): 11- 14. Gehring, Wes D. “Fields and Falstaff.´Thalia: Studies in Literary Humor Winter, 1985, 36-42. Gehring, Wes D. Personality Comedians as Genre: Selected Players. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997. Gehring, Wes D. “Red Skelton and Clem Kadiddlehopper.” Indiana Magazine of History March, 1996, 46-55. Goldsmith, Robert H. Wise Fools in Shakespeare. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 1955. Grace, Arthur. Comedians. Charlottesville, VA: Thomasson-Grant, 1991. Granfield, Linda. Circus: An Album. New York: DK Ink, 1998. Green, Thomas A. "Linguistic Manipulation in the Script." Lore and Language. 8.2 (1989): 33- 41. Grottanelli, Christiano. "Tricksters, Scapegoats, Champions, Saviors." History of 23.2 (1983): 117- 139. Guenther, Mathias. Tricksters and Trancers: Bushman and Society. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1999. Hamilton, Virginia. A Ring of Tricksters: Animal Tales from America, the West Indies, and Africa. New York, NY: Blue Sky Press, 1997. Harrison, Alan. The Irish Trickster. Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1989. Healey, Tim. "The Fool and His World, as Exemplified in the Fool of theTarot Pack." It's a Funny Thing, Humour. Eds. Antony Chapman and Hugh Foot. NY: Pergamon, 1977, 465-66. Hedin, Raymond. "The American Slave Narrative: The Justification of the Picaro American Literature." A

TRICKSTERS, PAGE 3 Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography 53.4 (1982): 630-45. Helstern, Linda Lizut. "Griever: An American Monkey King in China: A Cross-Cultural Re-Membering." .Loosening the Seams: Interpretations of Gerald Vizenor. Ed. A. Robert Lee. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 2000, 136-154. Hillman, Richard. Shakespearean Subversions: The Trickster and the Play-Text. New York, NY: Routledge, 1992. Holcomb, Chris. "`A Man in a Painted Garment': The Social Function of Jesting in Elizabethan Rhetoric and Courtesy Manuals." HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research 13.4 (2000): 429-456.. Hotson, Leslie. Shakespeare's Motley. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1952. Hurley, Michael. "Wacousta as Trickster: `The Enemy of Boundaries.'" Journal of Canadian Studies 26.3 (1991): 68-79. Hyde, Lewis. Trickster Makes This World: Mischief, Myth, and Art. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1998. Hynes, William J. "Inconclusive Conclusions: Tricksters--Metaplayers and Revealers." Mythical Trickster Figures: Contours, Contexts, and Criticisms. Hynes, William J., and William G. Doty, eds.Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1993, 202-217. Hynes, William J. "Mapping the Characteristics of Mythic Tricksters: A Heuristic Guide." Mythical Trickster Figures: Contours, Contexts, and Criticisms. Hynes, William J., and William G. Doty, eds.Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1993, 33-45. Hynes, William J., and William G. Doty. "Introducing the Fascinating and Perplexing Trickster Figure." Mythical Trickster Figures: Contours, Contexts, and Criticisms. Hynes, William J., and William G. Doty, eds.Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1993, 1-12. Hynes, William J., and William G. Doty, eds. Mythical Trickster Figures: Contours, Contexts, and Criticisms. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1993. Hynes, William J., and Thomas J. Steele. "Saint Peter: Apostle Transfigured into Trickster." Mythical Trickster Figures: Contours, Contexts, and Criticisms. Hynes, William J., and William G. Doty, eds.Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1993, 159-173. Jahner, Elaine A. "Trickster Discourse and Postmodern Strategies.Loosening the Seams: Interpretations of Gerald Vizenor. Ed. A. Robert Lee. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 2000, 38-58. Janik, Vicki K, ed. Fools and in Literature, Art, and History: a Bio-Bibliographical Sourcebook. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998. Johansen, Ruthann Knechel. The Narrative Secret of Flannery O'Connor: The Trickster as Interpreter. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1994. Jones, Malcolm. "Marcolf the Trickster in Late Mediaeval Art and Literature or: The Mystery of the Bum in the Oven." Spoken in Gest. Ed. Gillian Bennett. Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991. 139- 174. Jung, Carl G. "On the Psychology of the Trickster Figure." The Trickster: A Study in American Indian Mythology. Ed. Paul Radin. New York, NY: Philosophical Library, 1956, 195-211. Jung, Carl G. Four : Mother, Rebirth, Spirit, Trickster. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1959. Jurich, Marilyn. "The Female Trickster--Known as Trickstar--As Exemplified by Two American Legendary Women, `Billy' Tipton and Mother Jones." Journal of American Culture 22.1 (2005): 69-77. Kaiser, Walter Jacob. Praisers of Folly: Erasmus, Rabelais, Shakespeare. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963. Kerényi, Karl. "The Trickster in Relation to ." The Trickster: A Study in American Indian Mythology. Ed. Paul Radin. New York, NY: Philosophical Library, 1956, 171-191. Kern, Edith. "Falstaff: A Trickster Figure." Upstart Crow 5 (1984): 135-142. Kingston, Maxine Hong. Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book. New York, NY: Knopf, 1989.

TRICKSTERS, PAGE 4 Klapp, O. "The Fool as Social Type." American Journal of Sociology 55 (1950): 157-162. Konrad, Zinta. Ewe Comic Heroes: Trickster Tales in Togo. New York, NY: Garland, 1994. Kosmider, Alexia Maria. Tricky Tribval Discourse: The Poetry, Short Stories, and Fus Fixico Letters of Creek Writer Alex Posey. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho Press, 1998. Kraus, Jo Anne. "The Comedy of Paradox: Mythic and Medieval Tricksters in Narrative." Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation: City University of New York, 1990. Krupat, Arnold. “Native American Trickster Tales.” Comedy: A Geographic and Historical Guide Ed. Maurice Charney. Westport, CT: Praeger/Greenwood Press, 2005, 447-461. Levine, Lawrence W. "`Some Go Up and Some Go Down': The Meaning of the Slave Trickster." The Hofstadter Aegis: A Memorial. Ed. Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick. New York, NY: Knopf, 1974, 94-124. Lofaro, Michael A., ed. Auth. Rourke, Constance. Davy Crockett. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1998. Lowe, John. "Coyote's Jokebook: Humor in Native American Literature and Culture." Critical lEssays on Native American Literature. Ed. Andrew Wiget. Boston, MA: Hall, 1985, 193-205. Lundquist, Suzanne Eversten. The Trickster: A Transformation . San Francisco, CA: Mellon Research UP, 1991. McDonald, Beth E. "The Vampire as Trickster Figure in Bram Stoker's Dracula." Extrapolation 33.2 (1992): 128-144. McEwan, Neil. "The Lost Childhood of Lear's Fool" Essays in Criticism 26 (1976): 209-217. McKnight, Christina S. "Lars Forssell: The Jester of Conscience." World Literature Today 55.2 (1981): 210- 215. Mandel, Siegfried. "The Laughter of Nordic and Celtic Irish Tricksters." Fabula 23.1-2 (1982): 35-47. Mason, Peter. Bacchanal! The Carnival Culture of Trinidad. Philadelphia: PA: Temple University Press, 1998. Mintz, Lawrence E. "Fools--Be Funny! Stand-up Comedians Are Society's Designated Comic Hitters." The World and I (June, 1992): 661-670. Monsma, Bradley John. "`Active Readers…Obverse Tricksters': Trickster-Texts and Cross-Cultural Reading." Modern Language Studies 26.4 (1996): 83-98. Monsma, Bradley John. "Textual Tricksters: Interpretation and Social Transformation in Multicultural Literature." Ph.D. Dissertation: University of Southern California, 1995. Morgan, Winifred. "The Decay of a Trickster in Popular Culture: Calvin and Hobbes." Columbia Journal of American Studies 3.1 (1998): 85-94. Morgan, Winifred. “The Enduring Trickster Tradition in African-American Literature.” in The Humor of the Old Southwest as Intertext: The Continuing Legacy. Ed. Edward J. Piacentino. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2006. Morris, Barbra S. "Why Is George So Funny? Television Comedy, Trickster Heroism, and Cultural Studies." English Journal 88.4 (1999): 47-52. Morris, Raymond N. Behind the Jester’s Mask: Canadian Editorial Cartoons about Dominant and Minority Groups 1960-1979l. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1989. Nabokov, Vladimir. Look at the . NY: McGraw-Hill, 1974. Nardo, Anna K. "'Sung and Proverb'd for a Fool': Samson as Fool and Trickster." Mosaic 22.1 (1989): 1-16. Nelson, Timothy G. A. "The Fool as Clergyman (and Vice-Versa): An Essay on Shakespearian Comedy." Jonson and Shakespeare. Ed. Ian Donaldson. London, England: Macmillan, 1983, 1-17. Niditch, Susan. "Samson as , Trickster, and Bandit: The Empowerment of the Weak." Catholic Biblical Quarterly 52.4 (1990): 608-624. Niditch, Susan. Underdogs and Tricksters: A Prelude to Biblical Folklore. San Francisco, CA: Harper, 1987. Nilsen, Don L. F. Encyclopedia of 20th Century American Humor. Westport, CT: 2000, 30, 76-78. Nilsen, Don L. F. ", Fools, Picaros, and Tricksters." Humor Scholarship: A Research Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1993, 42-48.

TRICKSTERS, PAGE 5 Owomoyela, Oyekan. Youraba Trickster Tales. Omaha, NE: University of Nebraska Pess, 1998. Pearson, Carol S. "The Fool." Awakening the Heroes Within: Twelve Archetypes to Help us Find Ourselves and Transform our World. New York, NY: Harper-Collins, 1991, 220-232. Pearson, Carol S. "The Innocent." Awakening the Heroes Within: Twelve Archetypes to Help us Find Ourselves and Transform our World. New York, NY: Harper-Collins, 1991, 71-81. Pelton, Robert D. The Trickster in : A Study of Mythic Irony and Sacred Delight. Berkeley: Univ of California Press, 1980. Radin, Paul, ed. The Trickster: A Study in American Indian Mythology. New York, NY: Philosophical Library, 1956, Reesman, Jeanne Campbell, ed. Trickster Lives: Culture and Myth in American Fiction. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2001. Ricketts, Mac Linscott. "The North American Indian Trickster." History of Religions 5 (1966): 327-350. Ricketts, Mac Linscott. "The Shaman and the Trickster." Mythical Trickster Figures: Contours, Contexts, and Criticisms. Eds. William J. Hynes and William G. Doty, Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1993, 87-105. Roberts, John W. From Trickster to Badman: The Black in Slavery and Freedom. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. Rogers, Pat. Hacks and Dunces: Pope, Swift and Grub Street. New York, NY: Methuen, 1980. Royot, Daniel. "Aspects of the American Picaresque in Little Big Man." Les Americanistes, New French Criticism on Modern American Fiction. Ed. I. Johnson. Port Washington: Kennikat Press, 1978, 37-52. Ruoff, A. LaVonne Brown. "Gerald Vizenor: Compassionate Trickster." American Indian Quarterly 9.1 (1985): 67-78. Ryan, Allan J. The Trickster Shift: Humor and Irony in Contemporary Native Art. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1999. San Souci, Robert D. "The Court Jester." Faces 10.6 (1994): 4ff. Santayana. "The Comic Mask: and 'Carnival.'" Soliloquies in England and Later Soliloquies. New York, NY: Scribners, 1922. Schimmoeller Peiffer, Katrina. Coyote at Large: Humor in American Nature Writing. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press, 2000. Scollen-Jimack, Christine. "Clement Marot: Protestant Humanist or Court Jester?" Renaissance Studies 3.2 (1989): 134-146. Sebeok, Thomas, ed. Carnival! New York, NY: Mouton, 1984. Shafer, Yvonne. "Archetypal Figures in The Caretaker: Trickster vs. Intruder." Literature in Performance 6.2 (1986): 38-43. Shaw, Patrick W. "History and the Picaresque Tradition in Saul Bellow's The Adventures of Augie March." CLIO: A Journal of Literature, History, and the Philosophy of History 16.3 (1987): 203-19. Shaw, Patrick W. "Huck's Children: The Contemporary American Picaro." Mark Twain Journal 21.4 (1983): 42-43. Sheppard, Richard W. "Tricksters, Carnival and the Magical Figures of Dada Poetry." Forum for Modern Language Studies 19 (1983): 116-125. Shickman, Allen R. "The Fool's Mirror in King Lear." English Literary Renaissance 21.1 (1991): 75-86. Siemens, Raymond George. "In Praise of Folly: Portraits of the Fool and Trickster in Medieval and Early Renaissance English Literature." Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation: University of Alberta, 1991. Silko, Leslie Marmon. "Word of the Different." Studies in American Humor NS 3.5 (1998): 1-33. Slack, John. "The Comnic Savior: The Dominance of the Trickster in Louise Erdrich's Love Medicine." North Dakota Quarterly 61.3 (1993): 118-129. Smith, Jeanne Rosier. "Cross-Cultural Play: Maxine Hong Kingston's Tripmaster Monkey." Critical Essays on Maxine Hong Kingston. Ed. Laura E. Skandera-Trombley. New York, NY: G. K. Hall, 1998, 334-348. Smith, Jeanne Rosier. Writing Tricksters: Mythic Gambols in American Ethnic Literature. Berkeley, CA:

TRICKSTERS, PAGE 6 University of California Press, 1997. Snider, Clifton. "Victorian Trickster." Psychological Perspectives 24 (1991): 90-110. Sobol, Joseph Daniel. " of a Thousand Faces: The Jack Tales as Appalachian Hero Cycle." North Carolina Folklore Journal 39.2 (1992): 77-108. Soufas, Teresa Scott. "Calderon's Joyless Jeester: The Humanization of a ." Bulletin of the Comediantes 34.2 (1982): 201-208. Spinks, C. W. Jr. Semiosis, Marginal Signs, and Trickster: A Dagger of the Mind. London, England: Macmillan, 1991. Stafford, Norman. "Edgar Allan Poe's `The Gold-Bug,' the Trickster, and the `Long-Tail'd Blue.'" Thalia: Studies in Literary Humor. 28.1-2 (1999): 72-83. Swain, Barbara. Fools and Folly During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1932. Tave, Stuart M. The Amiable Humorist Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1960. Toelken, J. Barre. "The Pretty Languages of Yellowman: Genre, Mode, and Texture in Navaho Coyote Narratives." Genre 2.3 (1969): 211-235. Treadway, James L. "Johnson Jones Hooper and the American Picaresque." Thalia: Studies in Literary Humor 6.2 (1983): 33-42. Turnbull, David. Masons, Tricksters and Cartographers: Comparative Studies in the Sociology of Scientific and Indigenous Knowledge. Amsterdam, : Harwood Academic, 2000. Velie, Alan. "The Trickster Novel." Narrative Chance: Postmodern Discourse on Native American Indian Literatures. Ed. Gerald Vizenor. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1989, 121-139. Vizenor. Gerald. Griever: An American Monkey King in China. Normal, IL: Illinois State University, 1987. Vizenor, Gerald, ed. Narrative Chance: Postmodern Discourse on Native American Indian Literatures. Ed. Gerald Vizenor. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1989. Vizenor, Gerald. "Trickster Discourse." American Indian Quarterly 14.3 (1990): 277-287. Vizenor, Gerald. "Trickster Discourse: Comic Holotropes and Language Games." Narrative Chance: Postmodern Discourse on Native American Indian Literatures. Ed. Gerald Vizenor. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1989, 187-211. Vizenor, Gerald. The Trickster of Liberty: Tribal Heirs to a Wild Baronage. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1988. Wardroper, John. Lovers, Rakes, and Rogues. London, England: Shelfmark Books, 1995. Wells, Carolyn. Folly for the Wise. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1904. Welsford, Enid. The Fool: His Social and Literary History. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961. Wicks, Ulrich. Picaresque Narrative, Picaresque Fictions: A Theory and Research Guide. New York, NY: Greenwood Press, 1989. Willeford, William. The Fool and His Scepter: A Study in Clowns and Jesters and Their Audience. Evanston, IL: Northwestern Univ Press, 1969. Williams, Edith Whitehurst. "Morgan La Fee as Trickster in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." Folklore 96.1 (1985): 38-56. Williams, Paul V. A., ed. The Fool and the Trickster: Studies in Honour of Enid Welsford. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1979. Wilson, Peter Lamborn. "The Green Man: The Trickster Figure in Sufism." Gnosis 19 (1991): 22ff. Winter, Kari J. "Refusing the Sovereign Territory of Language: The Trickster Nanapush vs. a Storm of Government Papers." Northwest Review 35.3 (1997): 115-124. Wright, Barton. Clowns of the Hopi. Flagstaff, AZ: Northland Publishing, 1994. Zimbardo, R. A. "The King and the Fool: King Lear as Self-Deconstructing Text." Criticism 32.1 (1990): 1-29.

TRICKSTERS, PAGE 7