Code Hardening: Development of a Reverse Software En- Gineering Project
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Theendokernel: Fast, Secure
The Endokernel: Fast, Secure, and Programmable Subprocess Virtualization Bumjin Im Fangfei Yang Chia-Che Tsai Michael LeMay Rice University Rice University Texas A&M University Intel Labs Anjo Vahldiek-Oberwagner Nathan Dautenhahn Intel Labs Rice University Abstract Intra-Process Sandbox Multi-Process Commodity applications contain more and more combina- ld/st tions of interacting components (user, application, library, and Process Process Trusted Unsafe system) and exhibit increasingly diverse tradeoffs between iso- Unsafe ld/st lation, performance, and programmability. We argue that the Unsafe challenge of future runtime isolation is best met by embracing syscall()ld/st the multi-principle nature of applications, rethinking process Trusted Trusted read/ architecture for fast and extensible intra-process isolation. We IPC IPC write present, the Endokernel, a new process model and security Operating System architecture that nests an extensible monitor into the standard process for building efficient least-authority abstractions. The Endokernel introduces a new virtual machine abstraction for Figure 1: Problem: intra-process is bypassable because do- representing subprocess authority, which is enforced by an main is opaque to OS, sandbox limits functionality, and inter- efficient self-isolating monitor that maps the abstraction to process is slow and costly to apply. Red indicates limitations. system level objects (processes, threads, files, and signals). We show how the Endokernel Architecture can be used to develop enforces subprocess access control to memory and CPU specialized separation abstractions using an exokernel-like state [10, 17, 24, 25, 75].Unfortunately, these approaches only organization to provide virtual privilege rings, which we use virtualize minimal parts of the CPU and neglect tying their to reorganize and secure NGINX. -
Impact Analysis of System and Network Attacks
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@USU Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 12-2008 Impact Analysis of System and Network Attacks Anupama Biswas Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Biswas, Anupama, "Impact Analysis of System and Network Attacks" (2008). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 199. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/199 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i IMPACT ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM AND NETWORK ATTACKS by Anupama Biswas A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Computer Science Approved: _______________________ _______________________ Dr. Robert F. Erbacher Dr. Chad Mano Major Professor Committee Member _______________________ _______________________ Dr. Stephen W. Clyde Dr. Byron R. Burnham Committee Member Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2008 ii Copyright © Anupama Biswas 2008 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Impact Analysis of System and Network Attacks by Anupama Biswas, Master of Science Utah State University, 2008 Major Professor: Dr. Robert F. Erbacher Department: Computer Science Systems and networks have been under attack from the time the Internet first came into existence. There is always some uncertainty associated with the impact of the new attacks. -
Exercises for Portfolio
Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Technology Module Name: Operating Systems Module Number: CE01000-3 Title of Assessment: Portfolio of exercises Module Learning Outcomes for This Assessment 3. Apply to the solution of a range of problems, the fundamental concepts, principles and algorithms employed in the operation of a multi-user/multi-tasking operating systems. Hand in deadline: Friday 26th November, 2010. Assessment description Selected exercises from the weekly tutorial/practical class exercises are to be included in a portfolio of exercises to be submitted Faculty Office in a folder by the end of week 12 (Friday 26th November 2010). The weekly tutorial/practical exercises that are to be included in the portfolio are specified below. What you are required to do. Write up the selected weekly exercises in Word or other suitable word processor. The answers you submit should be your own work and not the work of any other person. Note the University policy on Plagiarism and Academic Dishonesty - see Breaches in Assessment Regulations: Academic Dishonesty - at http://www.staffs.ac.uk/current/regulations/academic/index.php Marks The marks associated with each selected exercise will be indicated when you are told which exercises are being selected. Week 1. Tutorial questions: 6. How does the distinction between supervisor mode and user mode function as a rudimentary form of protection (security) system? The operating system assures itself a total control of the system by establishing a set of privileged instructions only executable in supervisor mode. In that way the standard user won’t be able to execute these commands, thus the security. -
A Universal Framework for (Nearly) Arbitrary Dynamic Languages Shad Sterling Georgia State University
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Undergraduate Honors Theses Honors College 5-2013 A Universal Framework for (nearly) Arbitrary Dynamic Languages Shad Sterling Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/honors_theses Recommended Citation Sterling, Shad, "A Universal Framework for (nearly) Arbitrary Dynamic Languages." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2013. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/honors_theses/12 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A UNIVERSAL FRAMEWORK FOR (NEARLY) ARBITRARY DYNAMIC LANGUAGES (A THEORETICAL STEP TOWARD UNIFYING DYNAMIC LANGUAGE FRAMEWORKS AND OPERATING SYSTEMS) by SHAD STERLING Under the DireCtion of Rajshekhar Sunderraman ABSTRACT Today's dynamiC language systems have grown to include features that resemble features of operating systems. It may be possible to improve on both by unifying a language system with an operating system. Complete unifiCation does not appear possible in the near-term, so an intermediate system is desCribed. This intermediate system uses a common call graph to allow Components in arbitrary languages to interaCt as easily as components in the same language. Potential benefits of such a system include signifiCant improvements in interoperability, -
Reverse Engineering Digital Forensics Rodrigo Lopes October 22, 2006
Reverse Engineering Digital Forensics Rodrigo Lopes October 22, 2006 Introduction Engineering is many times described as making practical application of the knowledge of pure sciences in the solution of a problem or the application of scientific and mathematical principles to develop economical solutions to technical problems, creating products, facilities, and structures that are useful to people. What if the opposite occurs? There is some product that may be a solution to some problem but the inner workings of the solution or even the problem it addresses may be unknown. Reverse engineering is the process of analyzing and understanding a product which functioning and purpose are unknown. In Computer Science in particular, reverse engineering may be defined as the process of analyzing a system's code, documentation, and behavior to identify its current components and their dependencies to extract and create system abstractions and design information. The subject system is not altered; however, additional knowledge about the system is produced. The definition of Reverse Engineering is not peaceful though, especially when it concerns to court and lawsuits. The Reverse Engineering of products protected by copyrighting may be a crime, even if no code is copied. From the software companies’ point of view, Reverse Engineering is many times defined as “Analyzing a product or other output of a process in order to determine how to duplicate the know-how which has been used to create a product or process”. Scope and Goals In the Digital Forensics’ scope, reverse engineering can directly be applied to analyzing unknown and suspicious code in the system, to understand both its goal and inner functioning. -
Principles of Operating Systems Name (Print): Fall 2019 Seat: SEAT Final
Principles of Operating Systems Name (Print): Fall 2019 Seat: SEAT Final Left person: 12/13/2019 Right person: Time Limit: 8:00am { 10:00pm • Don't forget to write your name on this exam. • This is an open book, open notes exam. But no online or in-class chatting. • Ask us if something is confusing. • Organize your work, in a reasonably neat and coherent way, in the space provided. Work scattered all over the page without a clear ordering will receive very little credit. • Mysterious or unsupported answers will not receive full credit. A correct answer, unsupported by explanation will receive no credit; an incorrect answer supported by substan- tially correct explanations might still receive partial credit. • If you need more space, use the back of the pages; clearly indicate when you have done this. • Don't forget to write your name on this exam. Problem Points Score 1 10 2 15 3 15 4 15 5 17 6 15 7 4 Total: 91 Principles of Operating Systems Final - Page 2 of 12 1. Operating system interface (a) (10 points) Write code for a simple program that implements the following pipeline: cat main.c | grep "main" | wc I.e., you program should start several new processes. One for the cat main.c command, one for grep main, and one for wc. These processes should be connected with pipes that cat main.c redirects its output into the grep "main" program, which itself redirects its output to the wc. forked pid:811 forked pid:812 fork failed, pid:-1 Principles of Operating Systems Final - Page 3 of 12 2. -
245533753-MIT.Pdf
THE VULNERABILITY OF TECHNICAL SECRETS TO REVERSE ENGINEERING: IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPANY POLICY By Cenkhan Kodak M.S. in Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering (2001) University of Massachusetts at Amherst Submitted to the Systems Design and Management Program In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering and Management At the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FEBRUARY 2008 © 2008 Cenkhan Kodak. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and Distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created Signature of the Author: m- /7 Systems Desigq and Management Program r\ Ja iry 2008 Certified by: 7 Professoi ,ric von Hippel Thesis Supervisor, MIT mSchgQl o•.Ma genfer t Certified by: MASSACHUSES INSTITUTE= Pat Hale OF TEOHiNOLOGY Director, Systems Design and Management Program MAY 0 6 2008 I-I .a,:IARCHIVES -2- THE VULNERABILITY OF TECHNICAL SECRETS TO REVERSE ENGINEERING: IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPANY POLICY By Cenkhan Kodak Submitted to the Systems Design and Engineering Program On February 04 2008, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering and Management Abstract In this thesis I will explore the controversial topic of reverse engineering, illustrating with case examples drawn from the data storage industry. I will explore intellectual property rights issues including, users' fair-use provisions that permit reverse engineering. I will also explore the nature of the practice via several types of analyses including: the costs and benefits of reverse engineering; the practical limitations of reverse engineering; and a layered approach to reverse engineering as it applies to complex systems. -
Computer Viruses and Malware Advances in Information Security
Computer Viruses and Malware Advances in Information Security Sushil Jajodia Consulting Editor Center for Secure Information Systems George Mason University Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 email: [email protected] The goals of the Springer International Series on ADVANCES IN INFORMATION SECURITY are, one, to establish the state of the art of, and set the course for future research in information security and, two, to serve as a central reference source for advanced and timely topics in information security research and development. The scope of this series includes all aspects of computer and network security and related areas such as fault tolerance and software assurance. ADVANCES IN INFORMATION SECURITY aims to publish thorough and cohesive overviews of specific topics in information security, as well as works that are larger in scope or that contain more detailed background information than can be accommodated in shorter survey articles. The series also serves as a forum for topics that may not have reached a level of maturity to warrant a comprehensive textbook treatment. Researchers, as well as developers, are encouraged to contact Professor Sushil Jajodia with ideas for books under this series. Additional tities in the series: HOP INTEGRITY IN THE INTERNET by Chin-Tser Huang and Mohamed G. Gouda; ISBN-10: 0-387-22426-3 PRIVACY PRESERVING DATA MINING by Jaideep Vaidya, Chris Clifton and Michael Zhu; ISBN-10: 0-387- 25886-8 BIOMETRIC USER AUTHENTICATION FOR IT SECURITY: From Fundamentals to Handwriting by Claus Vielhauer; ISBN-10: 0-387-26194-X IMPACTS AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR INTERNET SECURITY.'Enabled Information Small-Medium Enterprises (TEISMES) by Charles A. -
Software Security and Reverse Engineering
Software Security and Reverse Engineering What is reverse engineering? Today the market of software is covered by an incredible number of protected applications, which don't allow you to use all features of programs if you aren't a registered user of these. Reverse engineering is simply the art of removing protection from programs also known as “cracking”. In Some other words cracking is described as follows: - “When you create a program you engineer it, in fact you build the executable from the source-code. The reverse engineering is simply the art of generate a source-code from an executable. Reverse engineering is used to understand how a program does an action, to bypass protection etc. Usually it's not necessary to disassemble all code of the application not only the part of the application that we are interested must be reversed. Reverse engineering used by a cracker to understand the protection scheme and to break it, so it's a very important thing in the whole world of the crack.” In short: - "Reverse Engineering referred to a way to modify a program such that it behaves as the way a reverse engineer wish." “Cracking is a method of making a software program function other than it was Originally intended by means of investigating the code, and, if necessary, patching It.” A Little bit of history Reveres egg. Most probably start with the DOS based computer games. The aim is that a player has full life and armed in the final stage of the game. So what a reverse egg. -
COMPUTER SECURITY - REGIONAL 2019 Page 1 of 9 Time: ______
Contestant Number: _______________ COMPUTER SECURITY - REGIONAL 2019 Page 1 of 9 Time: _________ Rank: _________ COMPUTER SECURITY (320) REGIONAL – 2019 TOTAL POINTS ___________ (500 points) Failure to adhere to any of the following rules will result in disqualification: 1. Contestant must hand in this test booklet and all printouts. Failure to do so will result in disqualification. 2. No equipment, supplies, or materials other than those specified for this event are allowed in the testing area. No previous BPA tests and/or sample tests or facsimile (handwritten, photocopied, or keyed) are allowed in the testing area. 3. Electronic devices will be monitored according to ACT standards. No more than sixty (60) minutes testing time Property of Business Professionals of America. May be reproduced only for use in the Business Professionals of America Workplace Skills Assessment Program competition. COMPUTER SECURITY - REGIONAL 2019 Page 2 of 9 MULTIPLE CHOICE Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mark A if the statement is true. Mark B if the statement is false. 1. Which type of audit can be used to determine whether accounts have been established properly and verify that privilege creep isn’t occurring? a) Full audit b) Administrative audit c) Privilege audit d) Reporting audit 2. What does a mantrap do? a) A site that is used to lure blackhat hackers b) A device that can “trap” a device into an isolated part of the network c) A physical access device that restricts access to a small number of individuals at one time d) A door that can be locked in the event of a breach of security 3. -
Soft Robotic Hand Prosthesis Using Reverse Engineering and Fast Prototyping
Proceedings of the 1 st Iberic Conference on Theoretical and Experimental Mechanics and Materials / 11 th National Congress on Experimental Mechanics. Porto/Portugal 4-7 November 2018. Ed. J.F. Silva Gomes. INEGI/FEUP (2018); ISBN: 978-989-20-8771-9; pp. 953-966. PAPER REF: 7452 SOFT ROBOTIC HAND PROSTHESIS USING REVERSE ENGINEERING AND FAST PROTOTYPING Hugo D’Almeida, Tiago Charters, Paulo Almeida, Mário J.G.C. Mendes (*) Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal (*) Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The present work aimed to develop a soft robotic prosthesis of the human hand using reverse engineering and fast prototyping. This project arises in response to some limitations of the current conventional prostheses, namely aesthetic, mechanical and cost, that fail to fulfil the needs of its users, for example with soft objects. The hand prosthesis design involved the acquisition and processing of a medical image of the user's hand, followed by a modelling process which proved to be highly complex, and finally the obtainment of a real model (by 3D printing) of the prosthesis. The results obtained proved to be satisfactory in the approximation of the hand morphology, low cost and the designed mechanical properties. However, due to some technological limitations (the used 3D printers), and more specifically in the physical conception of the model, its functionality is yet to be proved with the pneumatic control. Keywords: Soft robotics, reverse engineering, fast prototyping, hand prosthesis. INTRODUCTION The human hand can be considered the most used tool by the man in the execution of the daily tasks, and its loss leads to physical and psychological damages. -
Reverse Engineering Is Reverse Forward Engineering)
RE- ENGINEERING The reengineering of software was described by Chikofsky and Cross in their 1990 paper, as "The examination and alteration of a system to reconstitute it in a new form" . Less formally, reengineering is the modification of a software system that takes place after it has been reverse engineered, generally to add new functionality, or to correct errors. This entire process is often erroneously referred to as reverse engineering; however, it is more accurate to say that reverse engineering is the initial examination of the system, and reengineering is the subsequent modification. Re-engineering is mostly used in the context where a legacy system is involved. Software systems are evolving on high rate because there more research to make the better so therefore software system in most cases, legacy software needs to operate on a new computing platform. 'Re-engineering' is a set of activities that are carried out to re-structure a legacy system to a new system with better functionalities and conform to the hardware and software quality constraint. FORWARD ENGINEERING Forward engineering is the opposite of reverse engineering. In forward engineering, one takes a set of primitives of interest, builds them into a working system, and then observes what the system can and cannot do. Forward engineering is the foundation of synthetic psychology (Braitenberg, 1984; Dawson, 2004; Pfeifer & Scheier, 1999). Braitenberg has argued that forward engineering is likely to produce simpler theories than reverse engineering because the latter tends to attribute behavioural complexities to the internal mechanisms of the agent. Braitenberg calls this the law of uphill analysis and downhill synthesis.