Medicine@Yale

hree years after Yale College and he has discovered several new plant Tjoined with the Connecticut species, including species of milkweed Medical Society to establish the and balsamweed, His garden and Medical Institution of Yale College by conservatory at the Medical Institution an Act of the Legislature, thirty-seven are filled with plants that he uses to Students are soon arriving in New-Haven prepare his efficacious Medicines. from all corners of New England to Dr, JONATHAN KNIGHT, who commence studies in Medicine, Anatomy, graduated from Yale College five years Chemistry, and Materia Medica at the ago, studied Medicine in Philadelphia, new school. Seventeen members of the and his practice in Medicine and class come from Connecticut; the rest Surgery is familiar to many in the come from Vermont, New Hampshire, town. Dr. Knight will instruct the new and Massachusetts. Students in Anatomy. The Students, whose names, towns, The cost to the Students for the full and places of residence in New-Haven course of Lectures, described further in are listed here, met the requirement the Advertisement placed on this page for admission, to “produce satisfactory by Dr. Dwight, will be fifty dollars. evidence of a blameless life and The course will last six months, with conversation.” no vacation, and will be given to all The new Medical Institution has thirty-seven Students. During this a most illustrious and accomplished time, the Medical Professors will faculty, assembled by Dr. TIMOTHY perform Surgical Operations, gratis, DWIGHT, the President of Yale College. upon such patients as will consent to Dr. NATHAN SMITH, late of Hanover, be operated upon in presence of the New Hampshire, where he founded the Students of Medicine. Medical School at Dartmouth College, Students at the Medical Institution is known throughout New England as may also attend Lectures at Yale one of our finest doctors and surgeons. College on Natural Philosophy, Dr. Smith has a medical degree from Mineralogy, and Geology, and they Harvard College, and has engaged will enjoy access to the Library of the in additional study in Edinburgh, Academical as well as of the Medical Glasgow, and London. Institution. There is a respectable Dr. BENJAMIN SILLIMAN is professor Anatomical Museum, and every of chemistry and of natural history at demonstration which is needed in that Yale College, where he has outfitted and department will be given. equipped a most remarkable Laboratory. By the Articles of Union Act of Dr. Silliman’s Laboratory includes the the Legislature passed in 1810, to be famous Cabinet of Minerals donated examined for a license to practice to Yale College by Col. George Gibbs Medicine in Connecticut, a candidate of Newport, Rhode Island, which has must be 21 years of age, and must have placed the College in the forefront of completed three years of apprenticeship studies of Geology and Mineralogy. Dr. with a practitioner of “respectable Silliman studied Chemistry for several standing,” as well as attend one course years in Philadelphia and abroad and of lectures at the Medical Institution. also attended medical lectures. Each candidate for Medical Licensing Dr. ENEAS MUNSON is well known must also pass an oral examination to all New-Haveners for his successful administered by a board made up of practice of Medicine and prominence professors from the Medical Institution in the government of the town. In 1784, and members of the Connecticut Dr. Munson cofounded the Medical Medical Society. Students wishing Society of New Haven County and to obtain the M.D. Degree must fulfill served as its second president. Dr. those same requirements but must Munson has played a major role in the attend two courses of lectures, one formation of the Connecticut Medical of which must be completed at the Society and was vice president of that Medical Institution of Yale College. organization when it was founded in Most Students have taken rooms 1792. He later served as president of in the large stone house at the head of the Society from 1794 to 1801. College-street that has been taken by the Dr. Munson will be assisted in his Medical Institution. Others are lodging teaching by Dr. ELI IVES, a master of elsewhere around the town, including in Botany and of the system of Materia Mr. Munson’s, in the Lyceum—which , an archive of americana collection, published by readex (readex.com), a division of newsbank, inc.” Medica propounded by Dr. John Murray also houses Dr. Silliman’s Chemistry of Edinburgh. Dr. Ives has an especially Laboratory—in Mr. Gorham’s, and also keen knowledge of our local plants, in Dr. Skinner’s. Non-Profit Org. early american newspapers 1 Church St., Suite 300, New Haven, CT 06511 U. S. Postage www.medicineatyale.org paid New Haven, CT Permit No. 526 building: cushing/whitney med. hist. library; advertisements: from special bicentennial issue lifelines School launches new program in biomedical ethics Historian John Harley War- The School of ner has charted changes in Medicine is American medicine and the launching a new shaping of doctors’ identi- Program for ties by studying diaries, letters, and patient records Biomedical Eth- of 19th-century medical ics, which will be students and physicians. The directed by Mark late 1800s were a time of R. Mercurio, rapid change and growing Mark Mercurio m.d., m.a., as- uncertainty, as “rationalistic” systems that advocated sociate professor of pediatrics. therapies such as bloodlet- Biomedical ethics is a subject ting gave way to the experi- of great interest to students and of mentally grounded medicine increasing importance to medicine, that would dominate the as technological advances and other 20th century. influences on health care add com- plexity to the decision making of physicians and their colleagues. John Harley Warner The new program will coordi- terry dagradi nate and augment the educational and other scholarly work in biomedical ethics at the medical school, and create international visibility Seeing how doctors saw themselves for work in biomedical ethics at The shifting identities of became interested in the changing iden- new outlook. “It really is the origin of the Yale through publications, working tities of medical practitioners of the 19th American kind of clinical, hospital-based groups, and other initiatives. The physicians through time century—how were physicians’ views of medicine, and the idea that the hospital program will provide support to are a scholar’s life’s work themselves and their profession trans- should be a place for research as well medical students pursuing research formed in that rapidly changing world? as practice that takes shape as a conse- in biomedical ethics for their thesis It’s only partly a figure of speech to say “What historians are good at is quence,” profoundly changing the profes- work, and will also assist students that John Harley Warner, ph.d., lives sur- messiness,” Warner says. “In some ways sion and doctors’ identity in the process. in graduate school and postdoctoral rounded by books. To meet with him, we’re better as cultural critics in getting Warner is now working on a book- training programs. a visitor first ascends to a second-floor people to ask questions, and to reflect, length study of James Jackson Jr., m.d., Mercurio, an associate director balcony that overlooks the book collec- than we are as boosters.” a young American doctor who appren- of Yale’s Interdisciplinary Center tion of the School of Medicine’s Harvey These concepts inform much of ticed in a Paris hospital in the early for Bioethics, received his m.d. Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Warner’s research, including his major 1800s, making use of his “wonderfully from Columbia University’s Col- Historical Library. Then, a walkway to a 1998 work Against the Spirit of System: rich” weekly correspondence with his lege of Physicians and Surgeons door built directly into the stacks opens The French Impulse in Nineteenth- father, a Harvard professor and one of in 1982 and trained at Yale as a into Warner’s office, which is filled with Century American Medicine, which is the founders of Massachusetts General resident and fellow. An accom- floor-to-ceiling bookcases of its own. It is rooted in the diaries, letters, and clinical Hospital. Another current research plished neonatologist, he received a fitting perch for Warner, Avalon Profes- notes of young American doctors study- project is a study of the transformations his master’s degree in philosophy sor of the History of Medicine and chair ing medicine in early-1800s Paris—then of the hospital patient chart from the from Brown University in 2004 and of the School of Medicine’s Section on the center of cutting-edge science—who 19th to 21st centuries. has for many years taught medical the History of Medicine. returned to America armed with new In this year of the School of Medi- ethics to Yale residents, fellows, Warner, whose demeanor is also knowledge and perspectives. cine’s Bicentennial, Warner says, one and medical students. bookish, and is marked by the reserve Generally, Western medicine had could argue it is the notion of identity of many scholars in the humanities, inherited “theoretically complex, very that now sets the medical school apart. originally planned to become a scientist. rationalistic” medical systems from Before the 1910s and the philanthropic correction But in college, a late-night conversation the Enlightenment, Warner says. But in infusion of funds that made reform pos- Due to an editorial oversight, an article in over coffee with a friend about The Two Paris, American doctors saw an oppor- sible, Yale’s medical school “resembled a the July/August issue on Glenn Greenberg’s support for post-traumatic stress disorder Cultures, British physicist/novelist C.P.

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