Lorentz-Violating Gravitoelectromagnetism
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On the Status of the Geodesic Principle in Newtonian and Relativistic Physics1
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PhilSci Archive On the Status of the Geodesic Principle in Newtonian and Relativistic Physics1 James Owen Weatherall2 Logic and Philosophy of Science University of California, Irvine Abstract A theorem due to Bob Geroch and Pong Soo Jang [\Motion of a Body in General Relativ- ity." Journal of Mathematical Physics 16(1), (1975)] provides a sense in which the geodesic principle has the status of a theorem in General Relativity (GR). I have recently shown that a similar theorem holds in the context of geometrized Newtonian gravitation (Newton- Cartan theory) [Weatherall, J. O. \The Motion of a Body in Newtonian Theories." Journal of Mathematical Physics 52(3), (2011)]. Here I compare the interpretations of these two the- orems. I argue that despite some apparent differences between the theorems, the status of the geodesic principle in geometrized Newtonian gravitation is, mutatis mutandis, strikingly similar to the relativistic case. 1 Introduction The geodesic principle is the central principle of General Relativity (GR) that describes the inertial motion of test particles. It states that free massive test point particles traverse timelike geodesics. There is a long-standing view, originally due to Einstein, that the geodesic principle has a special status in GR that arises because it can be understood as a theorem, rather than a postulate, of the theory. (It turns out that capturing the geodesic principle as a theorem in GR is non-trivial, but a result due to Bob Geroch and Pong Soo Jang (1975) 1Thank you to David Malament and Jeff Barrett for helpful comments on a previous version of this paper and for many stimulating conversations on this topic. -
“Geodesic Principle” in General Relativity∗
A Remark About the “Geodesic Principle” in General Relativity∗ Version 3.0 David B. Malament Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science 3151 Social Science Plaza University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA 92697-5100 [email protected] 1 Introduction General relativity incorporates a number of basic principles that correlate space- time structure with physical objects and processes. Among them is the Geodesic Principle: Free massive point particles traverse timelike geodesics. One can think of it as a relativistic version of Newton’s first law of motion. It is often claimed that the geodesic principle can be recovered as a theorem in general relativity. Indeed, it is claimed that it is a consequence of Einstein’s ∗I am grateful to Robert Geroch for giving me the basic idea for the counterexample (proposition 3.2) that is the principal point of interest in this note. Thanks also to Harvey Brown, Erik Curiel, John Earman, David Garfinkle, John Manchak, Wayne Myrvold, John Norton, and Jim Weatherall for comments on an earlier draft. 1 ab equation (or of the conservation principle ∇aT = 0 that is, itself, a conse- quence of that equation). These claims are certainly correct, but it may be worth drawing attention to one small qualification. Though the geodesic prin- ciple can be recovered as theorem in general relativity, it is not a consequence of Einstein’s equation (or the conservation principle) alone. Other assumptions are needed to drive the theorems in question. One needs to put more in if one is to get the geodesic principle out. My goal in this short note is to make this claim precise (i.e., that other assumptions are needed). -
Experimental Tests of Quantum Gravity and Exotic Quantum Field Theory Effects
Advances in High Energy Physics Experimental Tests of Quantum Gravity and Exotic Quantum Field Theory Effects Guest Editors: Emil T. Akhmedov, Stephen Minter, Piero Nicolini, and Douglas Singleton Experimental Tests of Quantum Gravity and Exotic Quantum Field Theory Effects Advances in High Energy Physics Experimental Tests of Quantum Gravity and Exotic Quantum Field Theory Effects Guest Editors: Emil T. Akhmedov, Stephen Minter, Piero Nicolini, and Douglas Singleton Copyright © 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Advances in High Energy Physics.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Botio Betev, Switzerland Ian Jack, UK Neil Spooner, UK Duncan L. Carlsmith, USA Filipe R. Joaquim, Portugal Luca Stanco, Italy Kingman Cheung, Taiwan Piero Nicolini, Germany EliasC.Vagenas,Kuwait Shi-Hai Dong, Mexico Seog H. Oh, USA Nikos Varelas, USA Edmond C. Dukes, USA Sandip Pakvasa, USA Kadayam S. Viswanathan, Canada Amir H. Fatollahi, Iran Anastasios Petkou, Greece Yau W. Wah, USA Frank Filthaut, The Netherlands Alexey A. Petrov, USA Moran Wang, China Joseph Formaggio, USA Frederik Scholtz, South Africa Gongnan Xie, China Chao-Qiang Geng, Taiwan George Siopsis, USA Hong-Jian He, China Terry Sloan, UK Contents Experimental Tests of Quantum Gravity and Exotic Quantum Field Theory Effects,EmilT.Akhmedov, -
What Is Gravity and How Is Embedded in Mater Particles Giving Them Mass (Not the Higgs Field)? Stefan Mehedinteanu
What Is Gravity and How Is Embedded in Mater Particles giving them mass (not the Higgs field)? Stefan Mehedinteanu To cite this version: Stefan Mehedinteanu. What Is Gravity and How Is Embedded in Mater Particles giving them mass (not the Higgs field)?. 2017. hal-01316929v6 HAL Id: hal-01316929 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01316929v6 Preprint submitted on 23 Feb 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License What Is Gravity (Graviton) and How Is Embedded in Mater Particles Giving Them Mass (Not the Higgs Field)? Stefan Mehedinteanu1 1 (retired) Senior Researcher CITON-Romania; E-Mail: [email protected]; [email protected] “When Einstein was asked bout the discovery of new particles, the answer it was: firstly to clarify what is with the electron!” Abstract It will be shown how the Micro-black-holes particles produced at the horizon entry into a number of N 106162 by quantum fluctuation as virtual micro-black holes pairs like e+ e- creation, stay at the base of: the origin and evolution of Universe, the Black Holes (BH) nuclei of galaxies, of the free photons creation of near mass-less as by radiation decay that condensate later at Confinement in to the structure of gauge bosons (gluons) . -
Non-Abelian Gravitoelectromagnetism and Applications at Finite Temperature
Hindawi Advances in High Energy Physics Volume 2020, Article ID 5193692, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5193692 Research Article Non-Abelian Gravitoelectromagnetism and Applications at Finite Temperature A. F. Santos ,1 J. Ramos,2 and Faqir C. Khanna3 1Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil 2Faculty of Science, Burman University, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 2E5 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 5C2 Correspondence should be addressed to A. F. Santos; alesandroferreira@fisica.ufmt.br Received 22 January 2020; Revised 9 March 2020; Accepted 18 March 2020; Published 3 April 2020 Academic Editor: Michele Arzano Copyright © 2020 A. F. Santos et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The publication of this article was funded by SCOAP3. Studies about a formal analogy between the gravitational and the electromagnetic fields lead to the notion of Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM) to describe gravitation. In fact, the GEM equations correspond to the weak-field approximation of the gravitation field. Here, a non-abelian extension of the GEM theory is considered. Using the Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) formalism to introduce temperature effects, some interesting physical phenomena are investigated. The non-abelian GEM Stefan- Boltzmann law and the Casimir effect at zero and finite temperatures for this non-abelian field are calculated. 1. Introduction between equations for the Newton and Coulomb laws and the interest has increased with the discovery of the The Standard Model (SM) is a non-abelian gauge theory with Lense-Thirring effect, where a rotating mass generates a symmetry group Uð1Þ × SUð2Þ × SUð3Þ. -
Tensor-Spinor Theory of Gravitation in General Even Space-Time Dimensions
Physics Letters B 817 (2021) 136288 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physics Letters B www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb Tensor-spinor theory of gravitation in general even space-time dimensions ∗ Hitoshi Nishino a, ,1, Subhash Rajpoot b a Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, 2345 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S ST90, Fresno, CA 93740, United States of America b Department of Physics & Astronomy, California State University, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States of America a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: We present a purely tensor-spinor theory of gravity in arbitrary even D = 2n space-time dimensions. Received 18 March 2021 This is a generalization of the purely vector-spinor theory of gravitation by Bars and MacDowell (BM) in Accepted 9 April 2021 4D to general even dimensions with the signature (2n − 1, 1). In the original BM-theory in D = (3, 1), Available online 21 April 2021 the conventional Einstein equation emerges from a theory based on the vector-spinor field ψμ from a Editor: N. Lambert m lagrangian free of both the fundamental metric gμν and the vierbein eμ . We first improve the original Keywords: BM-formulation by introducing a compensator χ, so that the resulting theory has manifest invariance = =− = Bars-MacDowell theory under the nilpotent local fermionic symmetry: δψ Dμ and δ χ . We next generalize it to D Vector-spinor (2n − 1, 1), following the same principle based on a lagrangian free of fundamental metric or vielbein Tensors-spinors rs − now with the field content (ψμ1···μn−1 , ωμ , χμ1···μn−2 ), where ψμ1···μn−1 (or χμ1···μn−2 ) is a (n 1) (or Metric-less formulation (n − 2)) rank tensor-spinor. -
Einstein, Nordström and the Early Demise of Scalar, Lorentz Covariant Theories of Gravitation
JOHN D. NORTON EINSTEIN, NORDSTRÖM AND THE EARLY DEMISE OF SCALAR, LORENTZ COVARIANT THEORIES OF GRAVITATION 1. INTRODUCTION The advent of the special theory of relativity in 1905 brought many problems for the physics community. One, it seemed, would not be a great source of trouble. It was the problem of reconciling Newtonian gravitation theory with the new theory of space and time. Indeed it seemed that Newtonian theory could be rendered compatible with special relativity by any number of small modifications, each of which would be unlikely to lead to any significant deviations from the empirically testable conse- quences of Newtonian theory.1 Einstein’s response to this problem is now legend. He decided almost immediately to abandon the search for a Lorentz covariant gravitation theory, for he had failed to construct such a theory that was compatible with the equality of inertial and gravitational mass. Positing what he later called the principle of equivalence, he decided that gravitation theory held the key to repairing what he perceived as the defect of the special theory of relativity—its relativity principle failed to apply to accelerated motion. He advanced a novel gravitation theory in which the gravitational potential was the now variable speed of light and in which special relativity held only as a limiting case. It is almost impossible for modern readers to view this story with their vision unclouded by the knowledge that Einstein’s fantastic 1907 speculations would lead to his greatest scientific success, the general theory of relativity. Yet, as we shall see, in 1 In the historical period under consideration, there was no single label for a gravitation theory compat- ible with special relativity. -
Extended Gravitoelectromagnetism
sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2020/12.21.15.21-RPQ EXTENDED GRAVITOELECTROMAGNETISM. III. MERCURY’S PERIHELION PRECESSION Gerson Otto Ludwig URL do documento original: <http://urlib.net/8JMKD3MGP3W34R/43QQMGL> INPE São José dos Campos 2020 PUBLICADO POR: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE Coordenação de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (COEPE) Divisão de Biblioteca (DIBIB) CEP 12.227-010 São José dos Campos - SP - Brasil Tel.:(012) 3208-6923/7348 E-mail: [email protected] CONSELHO DE EDITORAÇÃO E PRESERVAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO INTELECTUAL DO INPE - CEPPII (PORTARIA No 176/2018/SEI- INPE): Presidente: Dra. Marley Cavalcante de Lima Moscati - Divisão de Modelagem Numérica do Sistema Terrestre (DIMNT) Membros: Dra. Carina Barros Mello - Coordenação de Pesquisa Aplicada e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (COPDT) Dr. Alisson Dal Lago - Divisão de Heliofísica, Ciências Planetárias e Aeronomia (DIHPA) Dr. Evandro Albiach Branco - Divisão de Impactos, Adaptação e Vulnerabilidades (DIIAV) Dr. Evandro Marconi Rocco - Divisão de Mecânica Espacial e Controle (DIMEC) Dr. Hermann Johann Heinrich Kux - Divisão de Observação da Terra e Geoinfor- mática (DIOTG) Dra. Ieda Del Arco Sanches - Divisão de Pós-Graduação - (DIPGR) Silvia Castro Marcelino - Divisão de Biblioteca (DIBIB) BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL: Dr. Gerald Jean Francis Banon Clayton Martins Pereira - Divisão de Biblioteca (DIBIB) REVISÃO E NORMALIZAÇÃO DOCUMENTÁRIA: Simone Angélica Del Ducca Barbedo - Divisão de Biblioteca (DIBIB) André Luis Dias Fernandes - Divisão de Biblioteca (DIBIB) EDITORAÇÃO ELETRÔNICA: Ivone Martins - Divisão de Biblioteca (DIBIB) Cauê Silva Fróes - Divisão de Biblioteca (DIBIB) sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2020/12.21.15.21-RPQ EXTENDED GRAVITOELECTROMAGNETISM. III. MERCURY’S PERIHELION PRECESSION Gerson Otto Ludwig URL do documento original: <http://urlib.net/8JMKD3MGP3W34R/43QQMGL> INPE São José dos Campos 2020 Esta obra foi licenciada sob uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 3.0 Não Adaptada. -
Derivation of Generalized Einstein's Equations of Gravitation in Some
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 5 February 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0157.v1 Derivation of generalized Einstein's equations of gravitation in some non-inertial reference frames based on the theory of vacuum mechanics Xiao-Song Wang Institute of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, 454000, China (Dated: Dec. 15, 2020) When solving the Einstein's equations for an isolated system of masses, V. Fock introduces har- monic reference frame and obtains an unambiguous solution. Further, he concludes that there exists a harmonic reference frame which is determined uniquely apart from a Lorentz transformation if suitable supplementary conditions are imposed. It is known that wave equations keep the same form under Lorentz transformations. Thus, we speculate that Fock's special harmonic reference frames may have provided us a clue to derive the Einstein's equations in some special class of non-inertial reference frames. Following this clue, generalized Einstein's equations in some special non-inertial reference frames are derived based on the theory of vacuum mechanics. If the field is weak and the reference frame is quasi-inertial, these generalized Einstein's equations reduce to Einstein's equa- tions. Thus, this theory may also explain all the experiments which support the theory of general relativity. There exist some differences between this theory and the theory of general relativity. Keywords: Einstein's equations; gravitation; general relativity; principle of equivalence; gravitational aether; vacuum mechanics. I. INTRODUCTION p. 411). Theoretical interpretation of the small value of Λ is still open [6]. The Einstein's field equations of gravitation are valid 3. -
Einstein's Gravitational Field
Einstein’s gravitational field Abstract: There exists some confusion, as evidenced in the literature, regarding the nature the gravitational field in Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. It is argued here that this confusion is a result of a change in interpretation of the gravitational field. Einstein identified the existence of gravity with the inertial motion of accelerating bodies (i.e. bodies in free-fall) whereas contemporary physicists identify the existence of gravity with space-time curvature (i.e. tidal forces). The interpretation of gravity as a curvature in space-time is an interpretation Einstein did not agree with. 1 Author: Peter M. Brown e-mail: [email protected] 2 INTRODUCTION Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity (EGR) has been credited as the greatest intellectual achievement of the 20th Century. This accomplishment is reflected in Time Magazine’s December 31, 1999 issue 1, which declares Einstein the Person of the Century. Indeed, Einstein is often taken as the model of genius for his work in relativity. It is widely assumed that, according to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, gravitation is a curvature in space-time. There is a well- accepted definition of space-time curvature. As stated by Thorne 2 space-time curvature and tidal gravity are the same thing expressed in different languages, the former in the language of relativity, the later in the language of Newtonian gravity. However one of the main tenants of general relativity is the Principle of Equivalence: A uniform gravitational field is equivalent to a uniformly accelerating frame of reference. This implies that one can create a uniform gravitational field simply by changing one’s frame of reference from an inertial frame of reference to an accelerating frame, which is rather difficult idea to accept. -
Einstein's 1916 Derivation of the Field Equations
1 Einstein's 1916 derivation of the Field Equations Galina Weinstein 24/10/2013 Abstract: In his first November 4, 1915 paper Einstein wrote the Lagrangian form of his field equations. In the fourth November 25, 1915 paper, Einstein added a trace term of the energy- momentum tensor on the right-hand side of the generally covariant field equations. The main purpose of the present work is to show that in November 4, 1915, Einstein had already explored much of the main ingredients that were required for the formulation of the final form of the field equations of November 25, 1915. The present work suggests that the idea of adding the second-term on the right-hand side of the field equation might have originated in reconsideration of the November 4, 1915 field equations. In this regard, the final form of Einstein's field equations with the trace term may be linked with his work of November 4, 1915. The interesting history of the derivation of the final form of the field equations is inspired by the exchange of letters between Einstein and Paul Ehrenfest in winter 1916 and by Einstein's 1916 derivation of the November 25, 1915 field equations. In 1915, Einstein wrote the vacuum (matter-free) field equations in the form:1 for all systems of coordinates for which It is sufficient to note that the left-hand side represents the gravitational field, with g the metric tensor field. Einstein wrote the field equations in Lagrangian form. The action,2 and the Lagrangian, 2 Using the components of the gravitational field: Einstein wrote the variation: which gives:3 We now come back to (2), and we have, Inserting (6) into (7) gives the field equations (1). -
Gravitoelectromagnetism, Solar System Tests, and Weak-Field Solutions in F (T, B) Gravity with Observational Constraints
universe Article Gravitoelectromagnetism, Solar System Tests, and Weak-Field Solutions in f (T, B) Gravity with Observational Constraints Gabriel Farrugia 1,2,*, Jackson Levi Said 1,2 and Andrew Finch 2 1 Institute of Space Sciences and Astronomy, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta; [email protected] 2 Department of Physics, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta; andrew.fi[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 14 December 2019; Accepted: 14 February 2020; Published: 18 February 2020 Abstract: Gravitomagnetism characterizes phenomena in the weak-field limit within the context of rotating systems. These are mainly manifested in the geodetic and Lense-Thirring effects. The geodetic effect describes the precession of the spin of a gyroscope in orbit about a massive static central object, while the Lense-Thirring effect expresses the analogous effect for the precession of the orbit about a rotating source. In this work, we explore these effects in the framework of Teleparallel Gravity and investigate how these effects may impact recent and future missions. We find that teleparallel theories of gravity may have an important impact on these effects which may constrain potential models within these theories. Keywords: gravitoelectromagnetism; geodetic; Lense-Thirring; teleparallel; f (T, B) gravity 1. Introduction General relativity (GR) has passed numerous observational tests since its inception just over a century ago, confirming its predictive power. The detection of gravitational waves in 2015 [1] agreed with the strong field predictions of GR, as does its solar system behavior [2]. However, GR requires a large portion of dark matter to explain the dynamics of galaxies [3,4] and even greater contributions from dark energy to produce current observations of cosmology [5].