Distribution list: In addition to public consultation, this appraisal will be distributed for comment to the following: Puncknowle & Swyre Group Parish Council Burton Bradstock Parish Council Litton Cheney Parish Council Winterbourne Abbas & Winterbourne Steepleton Group Parish Council Shipton Gorge Parish Council Burton Bradstock Village Society Dorset County Council Dorset Gardens Trust Dorset Natural History & Archaeological Society Dorset Industrial Archaeological Society English Heritage English Nature Environment Agency Contents Introduction & Executive Summary 2 The Planning Policy context 12 Assessment of special interest 13 Location and setting 13 Historic development and archaeology 13 Introduction to character and spatial analysis 15 Puncknowle 15 Burton Bradstock 24 Litton Cheney 38 Winterbourne Abbas 48 Shipton Gorge 58 Community involvement 66 Review of the conservation area boundary 66 General condition 66 Summary of issues and proposed actions 66 Developing management proposals 67 Advice 67 Useful information and contact details 67 References and further reading 68 Puncknowle, Burton Bradstock, Litton Cheney, Winterbourne Abbas & Shipton Gorge Conservation Area Appraisal 2 Introduction & Executive Summary Conservation Areas are areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance. The District Council is required by Section 71 of the Town and Country Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 to formulate and publish proposals for the preservation and enhancement of Conservation Areas. This can be achieved through Conservation Area Appraisals. West Dorset has 79 Conservation Areas and the Council has agreed on a programme of character appraisals. Puncknowle, Burton Bradstock, Litton Cheney, Winterbourne Abbas and Shipton Gorge Conservation Areas form part of this appraisal work, grouped together because of their geographical proximity. The five Conservation Areas were designated as follows: • Puncknowle, February 1971; • Burton Bradstock, June 1970, amended January 1994; • Litton Cheney, April 1972; • Winterbourne Abbas, November 1990; • Shipton Gorge, February 1994. In order that designation is effective in conserving the special interest, planning decisions must be based on a thorough understanding of the Conservation Areas’ character. Appraisals are therefore essential tools for the planning process. They are also of prime importance for any enhancement works and may provide a longer-term basis for effective management of Conservation Areas. The appraisal document is prepared following advice from English Heritage. There are common core elements (planning policy context, landscape setting, historic development and archaeology, introduction to the spatial analysis section, community involvement, general condition, local generic guidance, recommendations for management action and developing management proposals) that either relate to all the settlements or are linked by the need to provide a reasoned overview of the whole area, highlighting the broader characteristics. There are also more detailed place specific descriptions (character analysis and definition of the special interest of the Conservation Area), which concentrate on each Conservation Area, and will only be found within each individual chapter. The appraisal, including initial ideas on management needs and priorities, was the subject of a public consultation (July- August 2007), during which, an information event was held in the villages, manned by district council officers. Following consultation, officers recommended a number of amendments to the appraisal and in December 2007, the district council adopted the appraisal as a technical document supporting policies in the West Dorset District Local Plan (Adopted 2006). Puncknowle, Burton Bradstock, Litton Cheney, Winterbourne Abbas & Shipton Gorge Conservation Area Appraisal 3 The Executive Summary sets out the key characteristics of each village and any issues associated with them: Puncknowle The key points of quality analysis are: • A pleasant landscape setting, adjacent to a World Heritage coastline and within the Dorset AONB, with trees and hedges and a fall to the river valley and a contrasting escarpment edge beyond, to the north; • Mature trees and tree groups within the village, particularly on Church Street and Rectory Lane, that enhance the setting of historic buildings, integrate modern development and add to the quality of views in and out of the village; • Fine private gardens that add to the quality of the adjacent public realm; • 21 Listed Building entries, including a Grade I Church and Grade II* early C17 small Manor House, several other gentry houses and large farmhouses and C18-C19 cottages; • About 18 unlisted buildings of quality and character, complementing Listed buildings and forming parts of several coherent groups of particular interest; • Distinctive local building materials, notably local Forest Marble and Cornbrash, stone tiles and thatch that, combined with building traditions, give a strong sense of place; • Interesting details such as cast iron railings, gates, gate piers, boundary walls and signs and plaques. There are a number of detrimental features including poles and wires; the loss of traditional details on a number of buildings of character; some utilitarian farm buildings and a stone shed in poor repair. Puncknowle, Burton Bradstock, Litton Cheney, Winterbourne Abbas & Shipton Gorge Conservation Area Appraisal 4 Fig 1. Buildings & details of Puncknowle Puncknowle, Burton Bradstock, Litton Cheney, Winterbourne Abbas & Shipton Gorge Conservation Area Appraisal 5 Burton Bradstock The particular qualities of the whole Conservation Area are: • An attractive wider setting, within the Dorset AONB and adjacent to the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site, with a landscape framework of high cliffs, high inland hills, trees and hedges; • Important individual trees and tree groups within and on the fringe of the village, particularly along the course of the River Bride, up the lower slopes of Shipton and Gages Lanes, on The Green, on the eastern ends of Church Street and Grove Road and in the grounds of The Rectory, The Rookery and Norburton; • An intact historic plan, with a particularly unspoilt core and the only noticeable impact from modern development on the western and northern fringes; • 64 Listed Building entries, including a Grade I medieval Parish Church, a former Methodist Chapel, a number of C17-C19 large gentry and farm houses, former farm buildings, smaller thatched cottages, two public houses and an important industrial archaeological resource related to the flax processing industries; • About 36 unlisted buildings of character that are of group or townscape value, including the Victorian School, former mill buildings, a large Victorian gentry house at Norburton, a particularly good group of cottages in Grove Road, other C19 cottages, former farm buildings at Manor Farm and two K6 telephone boxes; • Several large coherent groups of good quality buildings, linked by stone walls and trees; • Attractive details, such as distinctive local building materials (Forest Marble, Inferior Oolite and brick clays), stone walls, paving, cast iron railings and gates, signs and plaques and thatched roofs. Detrimental features include the severe impacts of through traffic, wires, a large, intrusive modern garage and ribbon development, unlisted buildings of interest in poor condition and loss of detail on unlisted buildings of quality and group value. Puncknowle, Burton Bradstock, Litton Cheney, Winterbourne Abbas & Shipton Gorge Conservation Area Appraisal 6 Fig 2. Buildings & details of Burton Bradstock Puncknowle, Burton Bradstock, Litton Cheney, Winterbourne Abbas & Shipton Gorge Conservation Area Appraisal 7 Litton Cheney • A high quality landscape setting, within the Dorset AONB, positioned on the slopes of a chalk escarpment and the valley of the River Bride; • Set in a well-treed local landscape, with hedgerows on the main approaches, small woods and areas of ornamental planting in the village core; • A fairly intact plan and some well defined boundaries on the eastern and southern sides of the village and an important undeveloped green heart in the centre; • 28 Listed Building entries, including a Grade I Parish Church, several important larger houses, vernacular smaller cottages, the shell of a C19 watermill and a C18 core of Thorner’s School; • About 20 buildings or groups of unlisted buildings of value, notably the former Chapel, Victorian School block, a K6 telephone box, former sheds and barns and C19 cottages; • Several coherent groups of Listed and unlisted buildings, boundary walls and trees, particularly at the eastern end of the village and on Main Street; • Local building materials, notably Forest Marble and Corallian limestones, chalk block and cob and thatch, together with many other details, such as ironwork, gate piers, commemorative stones and structures, paving and sign posts that add to the quality of the Conservation Area and the local distinctiveness of the village. Detrimental features include poles and wires; the loss of details on unlisted buildings of interest; a large, currently unused modern industrial building; a listed Building At Risk (due to its structural condition); and some weak boundaries to modern development. Puncknowle, Burton Bradstock, Litton Cheney, Winterbourne Abbas & Shipton Gorge Conservation Area Appraisal 8 Fig 3. Buildings