Planar Magneto-Photonic and Gradient-Photonic Structures : Crystals and Metamaterials
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Investigation of Natural Photonic Crystal and Historical Background of Their Development with Future Aspects
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 11, November-2019 ISSN 2229-5518 580 Investigation of Natural Photonic crystal and Historical background of their development with future aspects Vijay Kumar Shembharkar, Dr. Arvind Gathania Abstract— In this work, microstructural and optical characteristics nanoparticles of wings of Lemon pansy (Junonia lemonias) butterfly were studied with the help of different characterization techaniques. And the historical review of their fabrication and characterizations. We developed the sequence of descoveries and investigations which had happenned in past few years and described future advancements of photonic crystals, with their importance. The mathematical description given for the understanding different dtructures and r elate them for the applications. We represented here optical images of butterfly wings which is taken by optical microscop. —————————— —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION He Nature provides ample number of biological systems T which display beautiful patterns and colours. The study of the microstructures in these systems gives hints about fabricating artificial photonic structures [1]. These biological systems provide novel platforms and templates so as to ac- commodate interesting inorganic materials. There are several biomaterials, such as bacteria [2] and fungal colonies [3], wood cells [4], diatoms [5], echinoid skeletal plates [6], pollen grains [7], eggshell membranes [8], human and dog’s hair [9] and silk Historical Devolopment. [10] which have been used for the biomimetic synthe- sis of a range of organized inorganic make ups that has potential in catalysis, magnetism, separation technology, electronics and photonics. Several re- search groups have workedIJSER on different novel meth- ods to produce such inorganic materials using natural Historical Background templates. -
Bringing Optical Metamaterials to Reality
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Bringing Optical Metamaterials to Reality Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d37803w Author Valentine, Jason Gage Publication Date 2010 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Bringing Optical Metamaterials to Reality By Jason Gage Valentine A dissertation in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering – Mechanical Engineering in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Xiang Zhang, Chair Professor Costas Grigoropoulos Professor Liwei Lin Professor Ming Wu Fall 2010 Bringing Optical Metamaterials to Reality © 2010 By Jason Gage Valentine Abstract Bringing Optical Metamaterials to Reality by Jason Gage Valentine Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering University of California, Berkeley Professor Xiang Zhang, Chair Metamaterials, which are artificially engineered composites, have been shown to exhibit electromagnetic properties not attainable with naturally occurring materials. The use of such materials has been proposed for numerous applications including sub-diffraction limit imaging and electromagnetic cloaking. While these materials were first developed to work at microwave frequencies, scaling them to optical wavelengths has involved both fundamental and engineering challenges. Among these challenges, optical metamaterials tend to absorb a large amount of the incident light and furthermore, achieving devices with such materials has been difficult due to fabrication constraints associated with their nanoscale architectures. The objective of this dissertation is to describe the progress that I have made in overcoming these challenges in achieving low loss optical metamaterials and associated devices. The first part of the dissertation details the development of the first bulk optical metamaterial with a negative index of refraction. -
The Wetting Performance of Lead Free Alloys Have Been Found to Be Not
COMMON PROCESSES FOR PASSIVE OPTICAL COMPONENT MANUFACTURING Laurence A. Harvilchuck Project Consultant & Peter Borgesen, Ph.D. Project Manager Flip Chip & Optoelectronics Packaging SMT Laboratory Universal Instruments Corporation Binghamton, NY 13902-0825 Email: [email protected] Tel: 607-779-7343 ABSTRACT Permeation of fiber optic communication systems at the end-user level (i.e. ‘fiber- in-the-home’) is predicated on a reliable supply of individual components, both active and passive. These components will most likely have price and volume targets that can only be satisfied by full automation of the packaging processes. Polarization dependent optical isolators are examples of a typical passive optical component that is widely deployed at all levels of the network. We will use these isolators as an example for our discussion. Intelligent contemplation of the options available for isolator manufacturing requires comprehension of some basic optical principles and component functionality. It can then be seen that isolator performance is directly influenced by process variations and part tolerances. We present a discussion of issues relating to cost, ease of manufacturing, and automation, highlighting component design, materials selection, and intellectual property concerns. INTRODUCTION The nascent optoelectronic component industry will require a combination of design for manufacturing and further development of materials, processes, systems and equipment to mature into the integrated, automated state that has made microelectronic products so incredibly affordable. Economies of this systems-level transition are heavily dependent upon the cost and availability of all necessary components. With the sponsorship of an international consortium of companies from across the industry, we are researching the issues involved in nurturing this transition. -
Picosecond Time Resolved Spectroscopy Used As a Tool To
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2004 Picosecond time resolved spectroscopy used as a tool to probe excited state photophysics of biologically and environmentally relevant systems Pramit Kumar Chowdhury Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Analytical Chemistry Commons, and the Physical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Chowdhury, Pramit Kumar, "Picosecond time resolved spectroscopy used as a tool to probe excited state photophysics of biologically and environmentally relevant systems " (2004). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 766. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/766 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Picosecond time resolved spectroscopy used as a tool to probe excited state photophysics of biologically and environmentally relevant systems by Pramit Kumar Chowdhury A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Physical Chemistry Program of Study Committee: Jacob W. Petrich, Major Professor Mark S. Gordon Mark S. Hargrove George A. Kraus Mei Hong Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2004 Copyright © Pramit Kumar Chowdhury, 2004. All rights reserved. UMI Number: 3136299 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. -
Summer Undergraduate Research Expo August 8, 2013 Mcnamara
Summer Undergraduate Research Expo August 8, 2013 McNamara Alumni Center Memorial Hall 4:00-6:00pm Undergraduate Poster Presentations Listed Alphabetically by Presenting Author 1 Brandon Adams Synthesis, Characterization, and Mechanical Testing of Poly(lactide-b-ethylene-co-ethylethylene) multiblock copolymer Advisor: Frank Bates Department or Program Sponsoring Summer Research: Center for Sustainable Polymers Home Institution: Virginia Commonwealth University Abstract: In order to enhance the properties of polylactide, a biodegradable and renewable polymer, it was polymerized with hydrogenated butadiene to synthesize multiblock copolymer. The synthetic reaction consisted of two steps, the first step, a ring opening polymerization producing a Triblock polymer, then a coupling reaction that bonded different Triblock chains together in order to form multiblock polymers. After both the multiblock and Triblock were obtained blends made up of various amounts of both polymers were made. Size exclusion chromatography was test on the multiblock and Triblock as well as all of the blends, the results showed that the multiblock and polymers with the most multiblock eluted first due to their large size. Tensile testing determined that increasing average block number contributed to ductility while decreasing the average number of blocks yielded brittleness. Differiential scanning calirometry showed an increase in both crystallization and melting temperature in polymers with higher multiblock amounts. 2 Nicolas Alvarado Structural Analysis of Fibronectin Ligand Proteins Advisor: Benjamin Hackel Department or Program Sponsoring Summer Research: MRSEC Home Institution: University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez Abstract: This project aims to determine the three-dimensional structure of small molecules, specifically fibronectin domain-mutants using x-rays crystallography. The laboratory has previously engineered fibronectin domain-mutants that bind with high affinity and specificity to molecular targets for clinical and biotechnology utility. -
To Super-Radiating Manipulation of a Dipolar Emitter Coupled to a Toroidal Metastructure
From non- to super-radiating manipulation of a dipolar emitter coupled to a toroidal metastructure Jie Li,1 Xing-Xing Xin,1 Jian Shao,1 Ying-Hua Wang,1 Jia-Qi Li,1 Lin Zhou,2 and Zheng- Gao Dong1,* 1Physics Department and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China 2School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China * [email protected] Abstract: Toroidal dipolar response in a metallic metastructure, composed of double flat rings, is utilized to manipulate the radiation pattern of a single dipolar emitter (e.g., florescent molecule/atom or quantum dot). Strong Fano-type radiation spectrum can be obtained when these two coupling dipoles are spatially overlapped, leading to significant radiation suppression (so-called nonradiating source) attributed to the dipolar destructive interference. Moreover, this nonradiating configuration will become a directionally super-radiating nanoantenna after a radial displacement of the emitter with respect to the toroidal flat-ring geometry, which emits linearly polarized radiation with orders of power enhancement in a particular orientation. The demonstrated radiation characteristics from a toroidal- dipole-mediated dipolar emitter indicate a promising manipulation capability of the dipolar emission source by intriguing toroidal dipolar response. ©2015 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (160.3918) Metamaterials; (250.5403) Plasmonics. References and links 1. L. B. Zel’dovich, “The relation between decay asymmetry and dipole moment of elementary particles,” Sov. Phys. JETP 6, 1148 (1958). 2. T. Kaelberer, V. A. Fedotov, N. Papasimakis, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev, “Toroidal dipolar response in a metamaterial,” Science 330(6010), 1510–1512 (2010). -
And Ku-Band Application
applied sciences Article Compact Left-Handed Meta-Atom for S-, C- and Ku-Band Application Md. Mehedi Hasan 1,*, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque 1,* and Mohammad Tariqul Islam 2,* ID 1 Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.M.H.); [email protected] (M.R.I.F.); [email protected] (M.T.I.); Tel.: +60-102938061 (M.R.I.F.) Received: 10 August 2017; Accepted: 10 October 2017; Published: 23 October 2017 Abstract: A new compact left-handed meta-atom for S-, C- and Ku-band applications is presented in this paper. The proposed structure provides a wide bandwidth and exhibits left-handed characteristics at 0◦, 90◦, 180◦ and 270◦ (xy-axes) rotations. Besides, the left-handed characteristics and wide bandwidth of 1 × 2, 2 × 2, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 arrays are also investigated at the above-mentioned rotation angles. In this study, the meta-atom is designed by creating splits at the outer and inner square-shaped ring resonators, and a metal arm is placed at the middle of the inner ring resonator. The arm is also connected to the upper and lower portions of the inner ring resonator, and later, the design appears as an I-shaped split ring resonator. The commercially available, finite integration technique (FIT)-based electromagnetic simulator CST Microwave Studio is used for design and simulation purposes. The measured data comply well with the simulated data of the unit cell for 1 × 2, 2 × 2, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 arrays at every rotation angle. -
Photonic Crystal Flakes Ali K
Letter pubs.acs.org/acssensors Photonic Crystal Flakes Ali K. Yetisen,*,†,‡ Haider Butt,§ and Seok-Hyun Yun*,†,‡ † Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States ‡ Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States § Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Photonic crystals (PCs) have been traditionally produced on rigid substrates. Here, we report the development of free-standing one- dimensional (1D) slanted PC flakes. A single pulse of a 5 ns Nd:YAG laser (λ = 532 nm, 350 mJ) was used to organize silver nanoparticles (10−50 nm) into multilayer gratings embedded in ∼10 μm poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate- co-methacrylic acid) hydrogel films. The 1D PC flakes had narrow-band diffraction peak at ∼510 nm. Ionization of the carboxylic acid groups in the hydrogel produced Donnan osmotic pressure and modulated the Bragg peak. In response to pH (4−7), the PC flakes shifted their diffraction wavelength from 500 to 620 nm, exhibiting 0.1 pH unit sensitivity. The color changes were visible to the eye in the entire visible spectrum. The optical characteristics of the 1D PC flakes were also analyzed by finite element method simulations. Free-standing PC flakes may have application in spray deposition of functional materials. KEYWORDS: photonics, nanotechnology, diffraction, Bragg gratings, nanoparticles, hydrogels, diagnostics unable PCs have a wide range of applications including consist of multilayered silver nanoparticles (Ag0 NPs) dynamic displays, mechanochromic devices, and multi- embedded in a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-metha- T − plexed bioassays.1 5 Embedding PCs in hydrogel matrixes allow crylic acid) (p(HEMA-co-MAA)) hydrogel film. -
Sensitivity Enhanced Biosensor Using Graphene-Based One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal
Sensors and Actuators B 182 (2013) 424–428 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/snb Sensitivity enhanced biosensor using graphene-based one-dimensional photonic crystal a b,c b a,d,∗ Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth , Shuwen Zeng , Ken-Tye Yong , Ting Yu a Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore b School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore c CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore d Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive, Singapore 117542, Singapore a r a t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c t Article history: In this paper, we propose and analytically demonstrate a biosensor configuration based on the excitation Received 22 October 2012 of surface electromagnetic waves in a graphene-based one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC). The Received in revised form 16 February 2013 proposed graphene-based 1D photonic crystal consists of alternating layers of high (graphene) and low Accepted 13 March 2013 (PMMA) refractive index materials, which gives a narrow angular reflectivity resonance and high surface Available online 22 March 2013 fields due to low loss in PC. A differential phase-sensitive method has been used to calculate the sensitivity of the configuration. Our results show that the sensitivity of the proposed configuration is 14.8 times Keywords: higher compared to those of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors using gold thin Graphene films. -
Photonic Crystal Lasers
91 Appendix Photonic crystal lasers: future integrated devices 5.1 Introduction The technology of photonic crystals has produced a large variety of new devices. However, photonic crystals have not been integrated with mechanical structures or bottom-up nanomaterials. Both approaches have the potential to create novel devices. The photonic crystal we have fabricated is a suspended slab of material. In a sense it already has a micromechanical aspect. The optical properties can be used with mechanical structures. The photonic crystal laser could be used for integrated optical detection of a nanoresonator beam. The principles of nanomechanical systems could also be used to improve the performance of the laser. For example, heating of the laser limits its performance. The periodic dielectric structure of the photonic crystal laser modifies not only the optical band structure, but also the phononic band structure. Engineering of both band structures simultaneously could increase the heat dissipation, allowing continuous wave lasing. Photonic crystals can also be constructed out of bottom-up materials. Researchers have built microwave frequency waveguides using “log cabin” stacked dielectric rods.1 However, it is a challenge to create these at optical frequencies. Metallic nanowires 92 could serve as the building blocks for such a structure. The hardest challenge of such an experiment is actually the fabrication of the device. Many possibilities for synergy exist between photonic crystals and nanomaterials. 5.2 Basics of photonic crystals Photonic -
Photonic Integrated Circuits Using Crystal Optics (PICCO)
Photonic Integrated Circuits using Crystal Optics (PICCO) An overview Thomas F Krauss1,*, Rab Wilson1, Roel Baets2, Wim Bogaerts2, Martin Kristensen3, Peter I Borel3, Lars H Frandsen3, Morten Thorhauge3, Bjarne Tromborg3, Andrej Lavrinenko3, Richard M De La Rue4, Harold Chong4, Luciano Socci5, Michele Midrio6, Stefano Boscolo6 and Dominic Gallagher7 1University of St. Andrews, School of Physics and Astronomy, St. Andrews, UK. 2Ghent University - IMEC, Dept. of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent, Belgium. 3Technical University of Denmark, Research Centre COM, Lyngby, Denmark. 4University of Glasgow, Dept. of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, Glasgow, UK. 5Pirelli Labs S.p.A, Advanced Photonics Research, Milan, Italy. 6University of Udine, Dept. of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Udine, Italy. 7Photon Design Europe Ltd. Oxford, UK. * [email protected] PICCO has demonstrated low loss, ultracompact photonic components based on wavelength-scale high contrast photonic microstructures and underpinned their design by sophisticated CAD tools. PICCO has also demonstrated device-fabrication via industrially viable deep UV lithography. Introduction Photonic crystals (PhCs) provide a fascinating platform for a new generation of integrated optical devices and components. Circuits of similar integration density as hitherto only known from electronic VLSI can be envisaged, finally bringing the dream of true photonic integration to fruition. What sets photonic crystals apart from conventional integrated optical circuits is their ability to interact with light on a wavelength scale, thus allowing the creation of devices, components and circuits that are several orders of magnitude smaller than currently possible. Apart from miniaturisation., a key property of photonic crystal components is their "designer dispersion", i.e. their ability to implement desired dispersion characteristics into the circuit. -
Faraday Rotation Measurement Using a Lock-In Amplifier Sidney Malak, Itsuko S
Faraday rotation measurement using a lock-in amplifier Sidney Malak, Itsuko S. Suzuki, and Masatsugu Sei Suzuki Department of Physics, State University of New York at Binghamton (Date: May 14, 2011) Abstract: This experiment is designed to measure the Verdet constant v through Faraday effect rotation of a polarized laser beam as it passes through different mediums, flint Glass and water, parallel to the magnetic field B. As the B varies, the plane of polarization rotates and the transmitted beam intensity is observed. The angle through which it rotates is proportional to B and the proportionality constant is the Verdet constant times the optical path length. The optical rotation of the polarized light can be understood circular birefringence, the existence of different indices of refraction for the left-circularly and right-circularly polarized light components. The linearly polarized light is equivalent to a combination of the right- and left circularly polarized components. Each component is affected differently by the applied magnetic field and traverse the system with a different velocity, since the refractive index is different for the two components. The end result consists of left- and right-circular components that are out of phase and whose superposition, upon emerging from the Faraday rotation, is linearly polarized light with its plane of polarization rotated relative to its original orientation. ________________________________________________________________________ Michael Faraday, FRS (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of the time) who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. Faraday studied the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a DC electric current.