Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR

4.9 BIOLOGICAL AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

This section examines the potential for the proposed project to result in significant adverse impacts to agricultural and biological resources. The existence (or lack) of such resources in the project area and immediate surroundings were identified through consultation with appropriate local, state, and federal agencies, including the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), United States. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), the California Department of Conservation, and the City of Azusa. Biological surveys of the site were conducted by Glenn Lukos Associates, Inc. (GLA) from April to July 2002 to ascertain the nature of biological resources on the site and the potential for impacts (See Appendix G).1 Previous biological surveys were conducted by Michael Brandman Associates (MBA) in 1992 and 1996. MBA reports provided detailed descriptions of the site, including the nursery areas occupied by native habitats.2 3 4 The focus of the 2002 GLA surveys was determined through a review of the MBA reports, which can be viewed in the Rosedale Specific Plan EIR, also used to prepare this Section.

Field studies were conducted and focused on a number of primary objectives: (1) confirmation of previous vegetation mapping; (2) focused surveys; (3) general wildlife surveys (including considerations of wildlife movement corridors); (4) focused surveys for the coastal California gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica); (5); focused surveys for Bell’s sage sparrow (Amphisipiza belli belli) and rufus crowned sparrow (Aimiophila ruficeps) and (6) raptor surveys, and an survey conducted in accordance with the Los Angeles County Oak Tree Permit requirements set forth in Title 22, Part 16 of the Los Angeles County Code (see Appendix G). Observations of all plant and wildlife were recorded.

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

Agricultural Resources

A review of the most recent California Department of Conservation, Los Angeles County Important Farmland Map, 2002 determined that the proposed project site does not contain and is not adjacent to, any Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance.

The project site, located in the City of Azusa, and its sphere of influence, consists of approximately 333.5 acres of active nursery operations (Monrovia Nursery Company) and approximately 155.9 acres of native habitat. The Monrovia Nursery Company propagates and grows containerized ornamental , , shrubs, and on the project site, except in the rugged foothill areas. The foothills in the northern area are in a natural state.

1 Glenn Lukos Associates. Biological Technical Report Monrovia Nursery Development Project Los Angeles County, California. September 2002.

2 Michael Brandman Associates. 1997. Biological and Regulatory Opportunities and Constraints Analysis Update, Monrovia Nursery/Rosedale Specific Plan, Los Angeles County.

3 Michael Brandman Associates. Letter Report dated September 21, 1992. Subject: Results of focused surveys for sensitive species on 600-acre site owned by the Monrovia Nursery Company, Los Angeles County, California.

4 Michael Brandman Associates. 1992. Biological and Regulatory Opportunities and Constraints Analysis Update, Monrovia Nursery/Rosedale Specific Plan, Los Angeles County.

4.9-1 Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR

The active nursery areas historically supported native plant communities. These habitats were long ago converted to agriculture use (primarily citrus groves) and later to the present horticultural operation. The project site does not constitute a farmland use of the type recognized by the California Department of Conservation as being either Prime, or Unique or of Statewide importance.

Biological Resources

Elevations on the site range from approximately 620 feet above sea level at the southern edge of the site to approximately 1,880 feet above sea level at the north portion of the site, above the canyon of the San Gabriel River. Topographic features include hills, steep slopes, canyons, and small flats.

Remaining native vegetation within the project area reflects existing semi-arid conditions. Local climate is typical of the Mediterranean-type climate of eastern Los Angeles County, which is characterized by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The average annual temperature of the area is about 63 °F, with summer highs in the mid 90s and winter lows in the upper 30s. Annual precipitation averages about 13 inches, with over 90 percent falling between the months of October and April. Runoff from precipitation in the flows north of the site via the San Gabriel River and its tributaries.5

Significant Ecological Area (SEA No. 45). The County of Los Angeles Regional Planning Department has designated Significant Ecological Area (SEA) No. 45 within this area of the San Gabriel Mountains. A portion of SEA No. 45 extends to the northeast portion of the site, north of Glendora Ridge Motorway (Figure 4.9-1). Per County policies, SEAs are established to protect areas which (1) possess uncommon, unique, or rare biological resources; (2) represent prime examples of native vegetation; or (3) are located where biological resources are at the extreme of their geological distribution. SEA No. 45 is known as the Dudleya densiflora SEA due to the presence of the sensitive plant species Dudleya densiflora.

Responsible Agencies. The USFWS and the CDFG share responsibility for management and protection of biological resources in the project area. Under separate federal and state legislation, each agency conducts a detailed review of any project that could affect a special status plant or animal species within their jurisdiction. Based on a field verification conducted by Vandermost Consulting Services (VCS), 7.82 acres of the project site are under CDFG jurisdiction.

The Corps, pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, and the CDFG, pursuant to Section 1603 of the Fish and Game Code of California, have jurisdiction over streambeds and riparian habitat. In 2001, regulatory specialists from VCS conducted a review of a jurisdictional delineation. VCS determined, and the Corps concurred that the project site supports 7.53 acres of waters of the United States (see Figure 4.9-2).

Vegetation Associations

Eight vegetation associations representing over 150 different plant species within the plant communities on the project site were identified during the April to July 2002 field surveys. Vegetation communities include coastal sage scrub/ (73.71 acres), chaparral (29.3 acres), coast live oak woodland (21.28 acres), mulefat scrub (0.78 acre), southern willow scrub (2.34 acres), California walnut woodland (5.86 acres), non- native grassland (0.23 acre), scrub live oak chaparral (22.4 acres), and horticultural nursery operations

5 Rosedale Specific Plan Final EIR. July 1998.

4.9-2 PROJECT SITE

Not a part

Not a part

LEGEND:

Project Site Dudleya Densiflora Significant Ecological Area N

SOURCE: Glenn Lukos Associates, 2002 Monrovia Nursery Specific FIGURE 4.9-1 Plan and Project EIR SIGNIFICANT ECOLOGICAL AREA CITY OF AZUSA Not a part

Not a part

LEGEND:

Project Site N

SOURCE: Vandermost Consulting Services, Inc., 2002 Monrovia Nursery Specific FIGURE 4.9-2 Plan and Project EIR ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS AND CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH CITY OF AZUSA AND GAMES JURISDICTIONAL WATERS Not a part

LEGEND:

Not a part

N

SOURCE: RBF Consulting, 2002 Monrovia Nursery Specific FIGURE 4.9-3 Plan and Project EIR PLANT COMMUNITIES CITY OF AZUSA Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR

(333.50 acres) as described below. Figure 4.9-3 displays the location of these associations within the project site.

Coastal Sage Scrub/Chaparral Ecotone. The dominant native vegetation association on the site identified in the 2002 GLA report is coastal sage scrub/chaparral. This plant community comprises 73.71 acres of the site, and is located north of Sierra Madre Avenue. This vegetation association is typically confined to the drier, south-facing steep slopes in the northern portion of the site. On the moister north-facing slopes, this habitat blends with chaparral, the second most dominant plant community of the site.

The coastal sage scrub/chaparral community is most commonly characterized by large laurel sumac ( laurina) shrubs in a stand of smaller shrubs, grasses, and herbaceous species. Commonly occurring species include California sagebrush (Artemisia californica), black sage (Salvia mellifera), deerweed (Lotus scoparius), chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), coastal prickly pear (Opuntia littoralis), Mexican elderberry (Sambucus mexicana), Spanish bayonet (Yucca whipplei), and California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum). In some areas, the understory is composed of slender wild oats (Avena barbata), tocalote (Centaurea melitensis), and many other native and non-native herbaceous species.

Chaparral. The northwest-facing slopes of the major canyons on the site support a mixed chaparral plant community totaling 29.3 acres. The chaparral plant community is common throughout California and is not considered sensitive. Chaparral is the dominant vegetation type within the Angeles National Forest to the north.

The chaparral community is characterized by a dense cover of shrubs with little to no understory. Commonly occurring species include chamise, laurel sumac, Mexican elderberry, toyon (Hetermeles arbutifolia), poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum), holly- redberry (Rhamnus ilicifolia), mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus betuloides), southern honeysuckle (Lonicera subspcata) and occasional individuals of black walnut (Juglans californica var. californica). Understory species include California everlasting (Gnaphalium californicum), bush monkey (Mimulus aurantiacus), and foothill penstemon (Penstemon heterophyllus var. heterophyllus), along with other shade-tolerant herbs such as common bedstraw (Galium aparine) and miner’s lettuce (Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata).

Coast Live Oak Woodland. The coast live oak woodland plant community is represented by 21.28 acres located primarily north of Sierra Madre Avenue where it occurs along the bottom of Beatty Canyon. South of Sierra Madre Avenue, there is a small oak woodland within the nursery area. This plant community is commonly represented in canyons along the southern face of the San Gabriel Mountains at lower elevations. The dominant overstory species within this association is coast live () with occasional individuals of southern California black walnut (Juglans californica var. californica), Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii), and western sycamores (Platanus racemosa). The understory is typically comprised of shade-adapted shrubs such as toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), Mexican elderberry (Sambucus mexicana), poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum), ferns, and non-native grasses.

Southern Willow Scrub. Southern willow scrub covers approximately 2.34 acres within the Beatty Canyon debris basin as well as the canyon near the eastern edge of the site. Southern willow scrub also occurs in isolated patches within canyons of Sierra Madre Avenue. Dominant species include arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis), red willow (Salix laevigeta), mulefat (Baccharis salicifolia), and in wetter areas such as the debris basin southern cattail (Typha domingensis).

Mulefat Scrub. Mulefat scrub covers approximately 0.78 acre within the Beatty Canyon debris basin and the easternmost canyon on the site. This plant community is located exclusively in the rugged topography north of Sierra Madre Avenue. This community is dominated by mulefat (Baccharis salicifolia), and has no

4.9-5 Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR understory. Mulefat scrub is typically associated with southern willow scrub and would likely succeed into willow scrub if regular clearance of the debris basins were discontinued.

California Walnut Woodland. The California walnut woodland covers approximately 5.86 acres north of Sierra Madre Avenue at the canyon bottom of the northeastern corner of the property and on the adjacent slopes. This community is dominated by southern California black walnut. Understory species in this area are coastal sage scrub/chaparral species, and include toyon , Mexican elderberry, poison oak, ferns, and other non-native grasses.

Non-Native Grassland. Non-native grassland occupies 0.23 acre of the detention basin at the eastern edge of the site. This habitat is dominated by wild oats (Avena spp.), ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus), black mustard (Brassica nigra), summer mustard (Hirschfeldia incana), common catchfly (Silene gallica), tocalote (Centaurea melitensis), and many other native and non-native herbaceous species.

Horticultural/Nursery Areas. The majority of the property, approximately 333.5 acres, south of Sierra Madre Avenue, as well as the relatively level area between Sierra Madre Avenue and the steep slopes in the northern part of the site, currently support active Monrovia Nursery operations. Most of the native vegetation has been eliminated south of Sierra Madre Avenue and over most of the area proposed for development.

Plants

All plant species encountered during the field surveys were identified and recorded following the guidelines adopted by the California Native Plant Society (CNPS) and CDFG. See Appendix G for a complete list of the plant species observed during the previous and 2002 surveys.

Sensitive Plant Species

Based upon a review of the California Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB) and other sources, 20 special status plant species were determined to have potential to occur on the site. The majority of the plant species listed are considered sensitive by the CNPS, the CDFG, or the USFWS (See Table 4.9-1). Of the 20 special status plant species, four were found on site; Engelmann oak, Southern California black walnut, Plummer's Mariposa Lily ( plummerae) and San Gabriel Mountains dudleya. The 20 plant species reviewed are as follows:

Greata’s Aster (Aster greatae). Greata’s aster is a herbaceous perennial in the aster family restricted to chaparral and oak woodland of the San Gabriel Mountains. This species occurs in moist or dry areas in canyons in chaparral or oak woodland, usually above 2,000 feet elevation.

Braunton's Milkvetch (Astragalus brauntonii). Braunton’s milkvetch is a short-lived, stout perennial in the pea family and is federally-listed as endangered. This plant occurs below 1,500 feet elevation in coastal sage scrub and chaparral in Los Angeles, Orange, and Ventura Counties. This species is closely associated with disturbed areas such as recent burns, firebreaks, and roads, coming up soon after the disturbance and declining as other vegetation recovers in later years. In addition, Braunton’s milkvetch is typically associated with calcareous soils.

Nevin’s Barberry (Berberis nevinii). Nevin’s barberry is a shrubby member of the barberry family and is state- and federally-listed as endangered. This conspicuous shrub occurs below 2,000 feet elevation in sandy areas in coastal sage scrub and chaparral in Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Riverside Counties. This species is threatened by development and road maintenance.

4.9-6 Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR

Round-Leaved Boykinia (Boykinia rotundifolia). Round-leaved boykinia is a glandular perennial in the saxifrage family. This plant occurs in wet places in canyons below 6,000 feet in chaparral and woodlands throughout southern California.

Catalina Mariposa Lily (Calochortus catalinae). Catalina mariposa lily is a bulb-forming perennial in the lily family. This species is endemic to California but is widespread, occurring in 9 coastal California counties. Habitat includes open chaparral, coastal sage scrub, grassland.

Slender Mariposa Lily (Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis). Slender mariposa lily is a bulb-forming perennial member of the lily family. This species is endemic to open areas of chaparral on slopes below 4,000 feet along the south base of the San Gabriel Mountains.

San Fernando Valley Spineflower ( parryi var. fernandina). spineflower, a diminutive annual in the buckwheat family, was formerly assumed to be extinct. This plant was rediscovered in Calabasas during the spring of 1999 by botanists of GLA. This species was known from sandy areas in several southern California localities; however, these populations are assumed to have been extirpated. In the recently rediscovered population, San Fernando Valley spineflower occurs in sandy openings in coastal sage scrub or non-native grassland.

Slender-Horned Spineflower (Dodecahema leptoceras). Slender-horned spineflower is a diminutive annual in the buckwheat family. This species is known from Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties, in washes and other sandy, open habitats. This plant is threatened by development, vehicles, and loss of historical flooding regimes.

San Gabriel Mountains Dudleya (Dudleya densiflora). San Gabriel Mountains dudleya is a succulent perennial in the stonecrop family. This species is endemic to rocky cliffs in canyons along the south face of the San Gabriel Mountains at 4,000 to 9,300 feet. San Gabriel Mountains dudleya occurs within SEA No. 45 at the extreme northeast corner of the property.

Many-Stemmed Dudleya (Dudleya multicaulis). Many-stemmed dudleya is a succulent perennial in the stonecrop family. This species is known from several southern California counties, and typically occurs in dry, stony places on heavy clay soils in chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and grassland habitats below 2,000 feet. This species is known from the Glendora area to the east where it is known from rock outcrops.

Pious Daisy ( breweri var. bisanctus). Pious daisy is a perennial herb in the aster family.This species is known from the south face of the San Gabriel Mountains where it occurs in chaparral and montane coniferous forest.

Fragrant Pitcher Sage (Lepechinia fragrans). Fragrant pitcher sage is a shrubby plant in the mint family. This species is known from the San Gabriel Mountains, the Santa Monica Mountains, and the Channel Islands in canyons dominated by chaparral.

Robinson’s Pepper Grass (Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii). Robinson’s pepper grass is an annual plant in the mustard family. This species occurs in coastal sage scrub and chaparral from Los Angeles County to .

Ocellated Humboldt Lily (Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum). Ocellated Humboldt lily is a perennial herb in the lily family. This species is known from several southern California counties, from canyons below 3,000 feet.

4.9-7 Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR

Fish’s Milkwort (Polygala cornuta var. fishiae). Fish’s milkwort is a shrubby perennial in the milkwort family. This species is found throughout southern California and Baja California in shaded, rocky places in canyons below 3,000 feet.

Rayless Ragwort (Senecio aphanactis). Rayless ragwort is an annual herb in the aster family known from many localities in California. This species occurs on drying alkaline flats and open areas.

Sonoran maiden Fern (Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis). Sonoran maiden fern is an annual herb in the thelypteris family. This species is known to occur on approximately 10 sites in southern California, but is more common in and Mexico. Sonoran maiden fern occurs along streams and seeps below 1,500 feet.

Southern California Black Walnut (Juglans californica var. californica). Southern California black walnut is a tree. This species occurs throughout cismontane Southern California from Los Angeles County to San Diego County, but is declining in much of its range. Southern California black walnut exhibits a patchy occurrence on the site. Approximately 0.79 acre of habitat occupied by this species will be impacted by project grading.

Plummer's Mariposa Lily (Calochortus plummerae) . Plummer’s mariposa lily is known from several vegetation communities and is found in Los Angeles, Ventura, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties. Typically, this species is associated with rocky or cobbly substrate or with thin soils that overlay shallow bedrock. This showy bulb-forming wildflower was identified during surveys conducted in 1992 within areas of chaparral; however, because this species was not listed by CNPS at that time, occurrences were not mapped. Surveys conducted in 2002 did not detect this species within areas potentially affected by development. The coastal sage scrub/chaparral within the potential development area exhibits little or no substrate that appears optimal for this species. If this species is located within areas affected by the potential development, the numbers are be expected to be minimal.

Engelmann Oak (Quercus engelmannii). Engelmann oak is a semideciduous tree often associated with deep, clay soils on flat tablelands of the Peninsular Ranges. This oak does occur within limited areas of the San Gabriel Mountains but discrete woodlands have largely been eliminated by development. On the project site, Engelmann oak occurs as single trees, mixed with coast live oak woodland or other vegetation associations. Typically, Engelmann oak has elongated (approximately one to three inches long) with smooth margins. As with most other oaks, Engelmann oak commonly hybridizes with other oaks, including scrub oak (Q. berberidifolia).

TABLE 4.9-1: SPECIAL STATUS PLANTS

Common Name Scientific Name Status

Not Expected to Occur On-site

Greata’s Aster Aster greatae CNPS 4

Braunton’s Milkvetch Astragalus Brauntonii Federally-listed

Nevin’s Barberry Berberis nevinni State- and federally-listed

Round-Leaved Boykinia Boykinia rotundifolia CNPS 4

Catalina Mariposa Lily Calochortus catalinae CNPS 4

Slender Mariposa Lily Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis CNPS 1

4.9-8 Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR

TABLE 4.9-1: SPECIAL STATUS PLANTS

San Fernando Valley Spineflower Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina CNPS 2

Slender-Horned Spineflower Dodecahema leptoceras State- and Federally- listed as endangered

Many-Stemmed Dudleya Dudleya multicaulis CNPS 1B

Pious Daisy Erigeron breweri var. bisanctus CNPS 1B

Fragrant Pitcher Sage Lepechinia fragrans CNPS 4

Robinson’s Pepper grass Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii CNPS 1B

Ocellated Humboldt Lily Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum CNPS 4

Fish’s Milkwort polygala cornuta var. fishiae CNPS 4

Rayless Ragwort Senecio aphanactis CNPS 2

Sonoran Maiden Fern Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis CNPS 2

Plants Observed On-site

Southern California Black Walnut Juglans californica var. californica CNPS 4

Plummer’s Mariposa Lily Calochortus plummerae CNPS 1B, not federally- or state-listed

Engelmann Oak Quercus engelmannii CNPS 4

San Gabriel Mountains Dudleya Dudleya densiflora CNPS 1B

Note:

CNPS Inventory List List 1A: Plants Presumed Extinct in California List 1B: Plants Rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California and Elsewhere List 2: Plants Rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California, But More Common Elsewhere List 3: Plants About Which We Need More Information - A Review List List 4: Plants of Limited Distribution - A Watch List

Source: Glenn Lukos Associates, Biological Technical Report, September 2002.

The USFWS identified 12 additional species that could occur within this portion of the San Gabriel foothills. However, none of the species identified occurred on the site. They are Palmer’s mariposa lily (Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri), Intermediate mariposa lily (Calochortus weedii var. intermedius), Alkali mariposa lily (Calochortus striatus), Pierson’s morning-glory (Calystegia piersonii), Parry’s spineflower (Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi), Palmer’s grappling-hook (Harpagonella palmeri), Los Angeles sunflower (Helianthus nuttallii spp. parishii), Davidson’s bush mallow (Malocothamnus davidsonii), California muhly (Muhlenbergia californica), Rock Creek broomrape (Orobanche valida ssp. valida), Gambel’s water cress (Rorippa gambellii), and Salt Spring checkerbloom (Sidalcea neomexicana).

The current entrance to the nursery, Palm Drive, is flanked by more than 200 California fan palms (Washingtonia filifesa). This species is not protected. However, the arrangement of the palms and their age may be considered a distinguishing characteristic of the project site. The proposed removal and relocation of the palms are analyzed in a cultural resource context in Section 4.3 of this EIR.

4.9-9 Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR

Sensitive Plant Communities

Sensitive habitats are vegetation communities that support concentrations of sensitive plant or wildlife species, are of limited distribution, or are of particular value to wildlife. Sensitive habitats are not afforded legal protection unless they support protected species or are specifically regulated by local, state, or federal law.

Habitats that occur on the site that are considered sensitive by resource agencies are coastal sage scrub/chaparral, coast live oak woodland, southern willow scrub, mulefat scrub, and California walnut woodland. These sensitive habitats are not afforded legal protection, except under the following conditions:

Coastal Sage Scrub/Chaparral

This plant community is afforded regulatory protection only if determined to be occupied by the federally-listed threatened coastal California gnatcatcher.

Coast Live Oak Woodland

The oak trees within this plant community are afforded regulatory protection under the Los Angeles County Oak Tree Ordinance. Within the project site, this protection will be applicable only if tree specimens were proposed to be impacted by development activity prior to annexation of the property by the City of Azusa.

Southern Willow Scrub

This riparian plant community is afforded legal protection in two ways. First, wetland or streamside plant communities can be, and usually are considered jurisdictional. Second, this habitat will also be afforded regulatory protection if determined to be occupied by the federally-listed endangered least Bell’s vireo.

Mulefat Scrub

This plant community is a wetland or streamside plant community, and often indicates that a riparian area may be considered jurisdictional, requiring both CDFG and Corps permits to alter or disturb.

Native Trees

The native trees identified onsite were coast live oak, southern California black walnut, Engelmann oak, toyon, Mexican elderberry, lemonadeberry, and western sycamore. GLA has performed a tree survey to identify impacts to protected trees (oak trees only) in accordance with the Los Angeles County Tree Protection Ordinance.

Wildlife

A wide range of wildlife species are common throughout the urban, coastal sage scrub, and chaparral communities of southern California. Identification of species from the project site was determined either through direct visual identification or by physical evidence. Many of the species, especially mammals, that could potentially occur onsite, are nocturnal and would not have been active during the site visits. The diverse habitats onsite provide a multitude of services for mammal species, including use for foraging, nesting/burrowing, and wildlife movement.

4.9-10 Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR

Common species observed or that have the potential to occur on the project site include:

Amphibians. The only amphibians observed onsite were the Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla).

Additional amphibian species that could potentially occur onsite include the Pacific slender salamander (Batrachoseps pacificus), ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii), arboreal salamander (Aneides lugubris), black-bellied salamander (Batrachoseps nigriventris), and western toad (Bufo boreas).

Reptiles. Species identified within the scrub and chaparral communities during site surveys include the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis), side-blotched lizard (Uta stansburiana), western skink (Eumeces skiltonianus), California whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis), gopher snake (Pituophis melanoleucus), and western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis).

Other reptile species which are expected to occur in scrub and chaparral communities include the Gilbert skink (Eumeces gilberti), San Diego banded gecko (Coleonyx variegatus abbotti), rosy boa (Lichanura trivirgata), western whiptail (Cnemidophorus tigris), southern alligator lizard (Gerrhonotus multicarinatus), ringneck snake (Diadophis punctatus), racer (Coluber constrictor), western patch-nosed snake (Salvadora hexalepis), and common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus).

Reptiles commonly identified near the edge of the intermittent drainages include the California whipsnake, side- blotched lizard, and western fence lizard. Other species which are expected to occur within or near riparian areas include the Gilbert skink, southern alligator lizard, two-striped garter snake (Thamnophis hammondii), and common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis).

Birds. Birds were the most common vertebrates observed on the project site. The birds identified or expected from the project site are discussed below in relation to the onsite vegetative communities in which they were commonly observed or expected to occur.

The lower growing scrub areas onsite provide breeding habitat for resident species such as the California towhee (Pipilo crissalis), wrentit (Chamaea fasciata), Bewick’s wren (Thryomanes bewickii), Cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus), California quail (Callipepla californica), Anna’s hummingbird (Calypte anna), western scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), Northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), and California thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum). Migratory species which utilize coastal sage scrub during the winter months include the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys), song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Costa’s hummingbird (Calypte costae), ash-throated flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens), and golden-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla).

Taller areas of chaparral vegetation provide habitat for resident species such as the western scrub-jay, California thrasher, wrentit, Bewick’s wren, California quail, Anna’s hummingbird, Northern mockingbird, California towhee, spotted towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus), black phoebe (Sayornis nigricans), and house finch (Carpodacus mexicana). Migratory species which utilize chaparral communities include the white-crowned sparrow, golden-crowned sparrow, Costa’s hummingbird, orange-crowned warbler (Vermivora celata), black-throated gray warbler (Dendroica nigrescens), Allen’s hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin), black-chinned hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri), and fox sparrow (Passerella iliaca).

The native woodland communities of the site, including coast live oak woodland and walnut woodland, provide habitat for many bird species. Resident species noted onsite include the northern flicker, black phoebe, Anna’s hummingbird, western scrub-jay, mourning dove, bushtit, acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), barn owl (Tyto alba), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), plain titmouse (Parus inornatus), house wren (Troglodytes aedon), Hutton’s vireo (Vireo huttoni), lesser goldfinch (Carduelis psaltria), American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), and common raven (Corvus corax). Migratory species identified from woodland communities

4.9-11 Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR include the black-chinned hummingbird, Costa’s hummingbird, song sparrow, band-tailed pigeon (Columba fasciata), Nuttall’s woodpecker (Picoides nuttallii), ash-throated flycatcher, western bluebird (Sialia mexicana), American robin (Turdus migratorius), yellow-rumped warbler (Dendroica coronata), western tanager (Piranga ludiviciana), rufous-crowned sparrow (Aimophila ruficeps), white-crowned sparrow, Bullock’s oriole (Icterus galbula), and purple finch (Carpodacus purpureus). The raptors most commonly observed in oak woodland communities were the Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii) and red-tailed hawk.

Mammals. Identification of mammals from the project site was generally determined by physical evidence rather than direct visual identification. This is because many of the mammal species which could potentially occur onsite are nocturnal and would not have been active during the site visits.

The coastal sage scrub/chaparral areas onsite represent potential habitat for a number of mammals. Species identified onsite, either by direct observation or physical evidence, include the Audubon’s cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi), Botta’s pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae), deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida intermedia), coyote (Canis latrans), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), bobcat (Lynx rufus), mountain lion (Felis concolor), American black bear (Ursus americanus), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemmionus).

Chaparral onsite provides potential habitat for the Audubon’s cottontail, brush rabbit, California ground squirrel, Pacific kangaroo rat (Dipodomys agilis), deer mouse, desert woodrat, coyote, gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), striped skunk, mountain lion, bobcat, American black bear, and mule deer.

Although not listed, two species, the mountain lion and American black bear need to be addressed because they sometimes interact with humans as development continues to encroach into areas they occupy or areas adjacent to areas they occupy. In some instances, the interactions have resulted in injuries to humans and also to these large mammals.

The project site is located adjacent to the Angeles National Forest, which is part of the San Gabriel Mountains. During the site visit, no black bears, or evidence (e.g. scat, tracks, or claw marks) of black bears were observed, although, historically, black bears have been documented within the vicinity of the project site. Most black bear sightings within city limits can be attributed to human encroachment or a depleted food source, which increases the likelihood of human/bear interactions.

Mountain lions (Felis concolor) are solitary, nocturnal animals that have large home ranges. Population density averages approximately one mountain lion per 34 to 53 square miles. The project site is located adjacent to the Angeles National Forest, which is part of the San Gabriel Mountains. During the site visit, no mountain lions or evidence (e.g. scat, tracks, or food caches) of mountain lions were observed although, historically, mountain lions have been documented within the vicinity of the project site. Most mountain lion sightings within city limits can be attributed to human encroachment or a depleted food source, which increases the likelihood of human/mountain lion interactions. Although sightings occur (although bobcats are often mistaken for mountain lions), interactions are rare at the urban/wildland interface.

Sensitive Wildlife Species

The sensitive wildlife species known from habitats similar to those found in the undisturbed portions of the site were not encountered during the 1992 or 1996 surveys, nor during focused surveys during the spring of 1997. Sensitive animal species that are of potential concern to the project are described in this section (see Table 4.9-2).

The Coastal California Gnatcatcher - (Polioptilia californica californica) This species is federally-listed as threatened and is a CDFG Species of Special Concern. This bird requires coastal sage scrub habitat below 1,650 feet in inland areas. California gnatcatchers are less common in dense coastal sage scrub with a high percentage

4.9-12 Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR of tall shrubs such as laurel sumac, preferring habitat with low-growing vegetation dominated by California sagebrush. Although this species formerly occurred in Azusa and has been recently observed in Claremont, Pomona, and San Dimas, focused surveys did not indicate the presence of this species on the project site.

Cooper’s Hawk - Accipiter cooperii. The Cooper’s hawk is a CDFG Species of Special Concern. Cooper’s hawks are found in woodland habitats. They prey primarily on birds but they are known to eat small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, insects and fish. Cooper’s hawks were not observed during surveys; however suitable habitat does occur on the site and it is expected that they would use the site for foraging.

Cactus Wren - Campylorhynchus brunneicappillus anthonyi. The Cactus wren in southern California is considered to comprise two distinct subspecies (C.b. sandiegensis and C.b. anthonyi). The coastal cactus wren (C.b.sandiegenssis) occurs in coastal Orange and San Diego Counties while the coastal-slope populations in Riverside, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, Ventura, and northern Orange counties are classified as (C.b. anthonyi), the same subspecies that occurs in the deserts of California and Western Arizona (Rea and Weaver 1990, as cited in USFS 1999). The sandiegensis subspecies is considered a CDFG species of special concern, but anthonyi is not considered to be rare or sensitive (USFS 1999). The cactus wren is usually associated with habitats dominated by prickly-pear or cholla cactus. At least one pair was identified onsite.

Ashy Rufous-Crowned Sparrow - Aimophila ruficeps canescens. The ashy rufous-crowned sparrow, which is a CDFG Species of Special Concern, is a year-round resident of Southern California. It is frequently found in coastal sage scrub and in other dry habitats and eats seeds and insects. Ashy rufous-crowned sparrows typically inhabit open areas in shrublands. Very little suitable habitat for this species occurs onsite and no potential habitat occurs within the potential development areas or fuel modification areas. This species was not detected during focused surveys.

San Diego Coast Horned Lizard - Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillii. The San Diego coast horned lizard is a CDFG species of special concern. This species occurs in areas characterized by loose, fine soils with a high sand fraction, along with native harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex spp.). No loose, sandy soils occur on the project site and harvester ants were not observed at any time during field work. Areas on the site affected by the nursery operation support the non-native Argentine ants, an aggressive species that drives native ants away. Coast horned lizards will not consume Argentine ants. The San Diego coast horned lizard is not expected to occur on the site.

Coastal Western Whiptail – Cnemidophorus tigris multiscutatus. The coastal western whiptail is a CDFG species of special concern. This species occupies a variety of habitats, including coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and grasslands and is still fairly common. It forages actively, probing cracks and crevices and digging in loose soil. Limited areas of suitable habitat occur within the potential development area.

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TABLE 4.9-2 SENSITIVE WILDLIFE SPECIES

Common Name Scientific Name Status Potential to Occur on the Project Site

Coastal California Polioptila californica californica Threatened- Not observed and Gnatcatcher Federally Listed not common to area.

Cooper’s Hawk Accipiter cooperii Species of Special Not observed but is Concern-CDFG expected.

Cactus Wren Campylorhynchus brunneicapppillus This subspecies not Observed anthonyi sensitive

Ashy Rufous-Crowned Aimophila ruficeps canescens Species of Special Not observed, not Sparrow Concern-CDFG expected

San Diego Coast Horned Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillii Species of Special Not observed and Lizard Concern-CDFG not expected

Coastal Western Whiptail Cnemidophorus tigris multiscutatus Species of Special Not observed, not Concern-CDFG expected

Source: Glenn Lukos Associates, Biological Technical Report, September 2002.

Other Protected or Sensitive Animal Species. The USFWS identified seven additional wildlife species. They are identified in the table below (Table 4.9-3). While many of these species may occur in the region, there is no suitable habitat for these species on the project site.

TABLE 4.9-3 OTHER PROTECTED OR SENSITIVE ANIMAL SPECIES

Common Name Scientific Name Status Potential to Occur on the Project Site

Southwestern Willow Empidonax traillii extimus Endangered None Flycatcher

Least Bell’s Vireo Vireo bellii pusillus Endangered Low

Arroyo Toad Bufo microscaphus californicus Endangered None

California Red-Legged Frog Rana aurora draytoni Threatened None

Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta lynchii Threatened None

San Diego Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta sandiegonensis Endangered None

Riverside Fairy Shrimp Streptocephalus woottoni Endangered None

Source: Glenn Lukos Associates, Biological Technical Report, September 2002.

Wildlife Movement Corridor. Wildlife movement corridors are links connecting large patches of habitat that have become separated by the process of urbanization or otherwise made unavailable for use by native wildlife. They allow for the free movement of wildlife between disjunct habitat, and thereby provide access to mates, food and water, diminish competition for resources by facilitating the dispersal of dense populations, and serve as escape routes from fire, predators, or humans.

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Wildlife movement corridors are considered an important declining resource in California because ongoing urbanization has separated many remaining areas of open space, interrupting wildlife movement and isolating populations. Impacts that impede the movement of resident wildlife resources are normally considered significant under CEQA.

North of Sierra Madre Avenue, the project site is bounded to the east, west, and north by open space. The natural area of the project site north of Sierra Madre Avenue is likely used as a wildlife movement corridor by species moving between the natural habitats of the foothills and the Angeles National Forest.

SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA

Agricultural Resources

The California Land Conservation (Williamson) Act was passed in 1965 to preserve agricultural and open space lands by discouraging the premature and unnecessary conversion of these lands to urban uses. The Act authorizes local governments and property owners to voluntarily enter into either contracts to commit land to specified uses for ten or more years during which time the land is valued as open space land. The proposed project will result in a significant adverse impact if it conflicts with an existing Williamson Act contract.

The State of California and the Federal government have established criteria for evaluating the importance of agricultural lands. They have created three categories of agricultural land that are considered significant: Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, and Farmland of Statewide Importance. Lands that meet the criteria for inclusion in these categories have been mapped by the State of California.

The proposed project will result in a significant impact if it would result in conversion of Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance, as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use.

Additionally, the proposed project will result in significant impact if it engenders other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland to non-agricultural use.

Biological Resources

Biological resources are generally considered important if they are limited in distribution, or if their ecological role is critical within a regional or local context. The significance of potential impacts to vegetation and wildlife are evaluated based on sensitivity of the resource and the extent of the impact. Highly sensitive resources (such as threatened or endangered species) may be able to absorb only a limited degree of impact. Conversely, resources determined to have a low level of sensitivity (for example, common or widely distributed species) may be able to sustain a relatively large impact or population loss and not be significantly affected.

Biological impacts are not considered significant if the resource is not considered important or sensitive to the criteria mentioned below, or if the extent of impact on the species or its habitat is limited.

The proposed project would result in a significant impact if it results in any of the following:

• A substantial adverse impact, either directly or indirectly through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

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• A substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Game or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

• A substantial adverse effect on federally protected wetlands as defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interpretation, or other means.

• Substantial interference with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites.

• Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance.

• Conflict with the provisions or an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Agricultural Resources

Although the project site is currently zoned for limited agricultural use (see Section 4.6 “Land Use and Planning), a review of the most recent California Department of Conservation, Los Angeles County Important Farmland Map (2002) determined that the project site does not contain nor is it adjacent to, any Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance. Thus, implementation of the proposed project would not result in a significant adverse impact on agricultural resources. Moreover, the proposed project would result in a zone change to Specific Plan (SP-5) that would render the proposed project elements consistent with the City of Azusa zoning code. No adverse impacts would occur.

As the project site and its adjacent lands are not included under any California Land Conservation (Williamson) Act contract related to farmlands or agricultural uses, no adverse impacts on Williamson Act contracts will occur.

Biological Resources

The proposed Specific Plan provides for development largely on the parts of the project site that currently support nursery operations and which contain limited or no native vegetation. Analysis of impacts are based on review of the existing site affected by the proposed project. Approximately 155.5 acres of open space would be retained.

Corps and CDFG Jurisdiction

Impacts to Corps jurisdiction are limited to two single ephemeral drainages that total 0.01 acre of waters of the U.S. and do not include jurisdictional wetlands. Impacts to property under CDFG jurisdiction total 0.01 acre of waters of the State. Impacts to CDFG jurisdiction do not include wetlands or riparian habitat. The project applicant will be required to obtain a CDFG Section 1603 Streambed Alteration Agreement and a Los Angeles County Regional Water Quality Control Board Section 401 for impacts to 0.01 acre of “waters of the U.S and the State.” In addition, the applicant must notify the Corps of project impacts upon project completion pursuant to Nationwide Permit #39 which states: “For discharges causing the loss of 1/10 acre or less of waters of the U.S., the permittee must submit a report, within 30 days of completion of the work, to the District Engineer that contains the following information: (1) The name, address, and telephone number of the permittee; (2) The

4.9-16 Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR location of the work; (3) A description of the work; (4) The type and acreage of the loss of waters of the U.S. ; and (5) The type and acreage of any compensatory mitigation used to offset the loss of waters of the U.S.” Significant adverse impacts would occur.

Significant Ecological Area No. 45

There is no potential for the proposed project to directly or indirectly impact any components of the identified SEA, nor for it to impact sensitive hillside areas. It should be noted however, that changes to the SEAs were set forth in a study commissioned by the County of Los Angeles that examines modifications of existing SEAs (PCR 2000). Under the proposed changes, SEA 45 would be consolidated with the San Gabriel Canyon SEA. At this time, the proposed changes are still under review and subject to modification. Furthermore, final adoption of the proposed changes is not expected to occur before certification of the project EIR. As such, evaluation of effects on the proposed SEAs is not possible until final boundaries have been determined and approved.

Vegetation Associations

Areas of impact listed in Table 4.9-4 are designated separately where fuel modification activities would result in partial impacts to native woodland vegetation associations. For example, highly flammable chaparral would be virtually eliminated where it occurs within a fuel modification zone. Fuel Modification is designed to reduce wildland fire hazards. Modification occurs in relation of the size, arrangement and kinds of vegetative fuels. The purpose of modification is to reduce ignition potential, flame length and heat output of fire. (Fire Hazard vs. Erosion Control Handbook, Los Angeles County Department of Forester and Fire Warden). On the other hand, coast live oak woodland would be subject to clearing the understory layer and pruning of the lower branches of some trees. However, no mature oak trees would be removed and these areas would still retain substantial habitat value.

TABLE 4.9-4 PROJECT IMPACTS BY VEGETATION ASSOCIATION

Vegetation Association Total Acres of Partial Total Acres Impacted by Acres Acres Fuel Grading, Clearing, and Remaining of Onsite Modifications Fuel Modifications Native Habitat

Coastal Sage Scrub/Chaparral 73.71 2.6 4.24 69.47

Chaparral 29.3 0 0.43 28.87

Coast Live Oak Woodland 21.28 0 0.19 21.09

Mulefat Scrub 0.78 0 0 0.78

Southern Willow Scrub 2.34 0 0 2.34

California Walnut Woodland 5.86 0 0.79 5.07

Non-Native Grassland 0.23 0 0 0.23

Scrub Live Oak Chaparral 22.4 0 0 22.4

Horticultural/Nursery Areas 333.50 0 328.2 5.3

Totals 489.4 2.6 333.85 155.55

Source: Glenn Lukos Associates. Biological Technical Report Monrovia Nursery Development Project Los Angeles County, California. July, 2002.

Coastal Sage Scrub/Chaparral. Implementation of the project would result in the loss of 1.64 acres of coastal sage scrub/chaparral due to grading. Another 2.6 acres would be subject to clearing or thinning for the purpose of fuel modification. The project has been designed to preserve 69.47 acres of coastal sage scrub/chaparral. With

4.9-17 Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR preservation of 69.47 acres coastal sage scrub/chaparral (94 percent) or higher quality habitat than what is currently found within the development area or fuel modification zone, impacts to coastal sage scrub/chaparral would be below a level of significance.

Mulefat Scrub. Implementation of the project would avoid impacts to mulefat scrub and would preserve 0.78 acre (100 percent) on the project site.

Southern Willow Scrub. Implementation of the project would result in no impacts to southern willow scrub and would preserve 2.34 acres (100 percent) on the project site. Southern willow scrub is listed as a Rare Natural Community by CDFG.

California Walnut Woodland. Implementation of the project would result in impacts to 0.79 acre of walnut woodland for construction of a municipal water tank. The project has been designed to preserve approximately 5.07 acres (87 percent) of the walnut woodland on the project site. Walnut woodland is listed as a Rare Natural Community by CDFG. The loss of 0.79 acre of walnut woodland would not be considered significant but would be considered adverse before mitigation.

Non-Native Grassland. Implementation of the project would fully avoid impacts to non-native grassland because is not within the area of grading.

Horticultural/Nursery Areas. Implementation of the project would result in impacts to 328.2 acres of essentially developed areas. Impacts to areas developed for the nursery operations would not be considered significant or adverse.

Plants

Plummer’s Mariposa Lily - Calochortus plummerae. Implementation of the project would result in the potential loss of a limited number of individuals of Plummer’s mariposa lily identified on the site. Because this species is found in widespread habitats including conifer forests, chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and non-native grassland, impacts to no more than a few individuals would be considered to be less-than-significant. Fuel modification within 2.6 acres of coastal sage scrub/chaparral is not expected to impact any individuals; however, to ensure that no impacts occur, surveys will be conducted prior to implementation to ensure that impacts from fuel modification are avoided by avoiding removal of these plants during fuel modification activities.

Native Trees

The project site has been designed to avoid native trees and cluster development outside of native plant communities whenever possible. Only 0.98 acre of habitat supporting native trees would be removed by the proposed project. Implementation of the project would result in approximately 0.79 acre of California black walnut habitat impacted by project grading for a municipal water tank. Approximately 0.19 acre of habitat of coast live oaks would be impacted. Oak trees located within fuel modification zones would not be subject to removal. (See Figure 4.9-3). The preservation of numerous native trees and the preservation of 155.55 acres of high-quality native habitats, along with replacement of native oaks and walnuts within the onsite riparian corridor, would reduce impacts to a less-than-significant. (Oak tree impact analysis contained in Appendix G).

Wildlife

Cooper’s Hawk - Accipiter cooperii. Implementation of the project would not result in significant adverse impacts to the Cooper’s hawk. The project would impact a limited amount of woodland habitat. However, large foraging areas will be preserved. Due to preservation of the potential nesting and perching sites and substantial foraging areas, there would be no significant adverse impacts to the species.

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However, if construction should occur during the breeding season for raptors, there is a potential for adverse impacts to an active nest. The loss of an active nest of any Cooper’s hawk, or a common raptor species such as the red-tailed hawk would be considered a potential violation of California Fish and Game Code 3505.5 and would be considered a significant adverse impact of construction of the project.

Ashy Rufous-Crowned Sparrow - Aimophila ruficeps canescens. The ashy rufous-crowned sparrow was not detected on the site during focused surveys conducted in 1992 or 2002. There would be no adverse impacts to this species associated with the project.

Bell’s Sage Sparrow - Amphispiza belli belli. Bell’s sage sparrow was not detected on the site during focused surveys conducted in 2002. There would be no adverse impacts to this species associated with the project.

Coast Horned Lizard - Phyrnosoma coronatum. The coast horned lizard was not observed within the areas potentially affected by development and suitable habitat is absent. There would be no adverse impacts to this species associated with the project.

Coastal Western Whiptail - Cnemidophorous tigris multiscuatatus. A few individual whiptails were identified on the site. Adverse impacts to 5.65 acres of potential habitat for this species would not be considered significant or adverse due to preservation of approximately of 155.55 acres of higher quality habitat.

Silvery Legless Lizard - Anniella pulchera pulchra. The silvery legless lizard was not observed within the areas potentially affected by development and suitable habitat is absent. There would be no adverse impacts to this species associated with the project.

American Black Bear and Mountain Lion - There will be no direct impacts to the American black bear or mountain lion associated with the project nor would there be a loss of habitat that is regularly used by bears or lions. Impacts associated with the development would be limited to possible incursions by bears into backyards resulting in removal of the animal by animal control officers or other appropriate officials. It is essentially impossible to predict whether such incursions would occur, although it cannot be ruled out. Such incursions would only result in temporary displacement of the animal until it is removed and relocated to an appropriate location. No mitigation is required. Interactions with mountain lions is not expected.

Common Wildlife and Wildlife Movement

Pursuant to the federal Migratory Bird Treatment Act, it is unlawful to “take” (i.e. capture, kill, pursue, or possess) migratory birds or their nests. Removal of vegetation associated with project implementation should not take place during the nesting season for most birds (March 15-August 15). The loss of an active nest of a migratory bird would be considered a significant adverse impact. With mitigation described later in this section, the impact can be reduced a to less-than-significant level.

As mentioned earlier, wildlife movement through the site occurs to the north of areas potentially affected by development. Thus, implementation of this project will not prevent the regional movement of wildlife.

Indirect Impacts

Indirect impacts are associated with all phases of a development project, beginning at the time of initial grading and construction, and continuing in perpetuity. These impacts may occur as a single event, or can interact cumulatively to adversely affect native wildlife, plants, and their habitats.

Increased recreational and residential use can contribute to increased indirect impacts to native plants and vegetation communities. These impacts include further risk of disturbance resulting from vehicle use and human-

4.9-19 Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan and Project 4.9 Biological and Agricultural Resources Draft EIR caused incidences such as fire. Disturbance tends to drive active communities toward a higher percentage of non- native, weedy species affecting the plant and animal makeup and distribution within a given area. Non-native plants used in landscaping or in livestock feed can escape and degrade native communities.

Within or immediately adjacent to developed areas, wildlife can be disturbed by streetlights and noise, and may be killed by vehicles, cats, dogs, or humans. Domestic cats are particularly skilled predators, taking mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds. Generalist animals such as coyotes, opossums, skunks, racoons, ravens, and starlings can benefit from human settlement, but other less-adaptable species rarely persist in an area after it is developed. Proposed open space areas have sufficient cover and isolation from many of the indirect effects of development to support a suite of wildlife species.

With project design features pertaining to preserved open space areas including a limited area of interface, substantial topographic relief between the development area and open space, limited fuel modification, non- invasive or native landscaping, multi-use trail design, separating and channeling public access into predetermined and suitable trails, restricting access to others, establishing increased control of water flow, drainage and runoff, and oversight of the open space areas will ensure that indirect impacts are reduced a level below significance

MITIGATION MEASURES

BR1 Drainages under the United States Army Corps of Engineers jurisdiction (0.01 acre of ephemeral channel) shall be replaced at a ratio of 1:1, which will take place in the riparian corridor proposed for the project. This mitigation measure will ensure that “no net-loss of waters of the U.S.” will occur as a result of implementation of the Monrovia Nursery Specific Plan.

BR2 The project shall be required to obtain a California Department of Fish and Game Section 1603 Streambed Alteration Agreement and a Los Angeles County Regional Water Quality Control Board Section 401 Water Quality Certification for 0.01 acre of impact to “Waters of the U.S. and the State.” In addition, impacts must be disclosed to the United States Army Corps of Engineers within 30 days of project completion pursuant to Nationwide Permit #39. This mitigation measure will ensure that proper permits are obtained for impacts to “waters of the U.S. and State.”

BR3 Riparian habitat shall be constructed to receive nuisance flow from developed areas of the site. This constructed habitat will serve the dual purpose of mitigating for impacted habitat and providing water quality benefits. This mitigation measure will allow the replacement and enhancement of 0.01 acre of “waters of the U.S. and the State” impacted by the project and allow water quality management to urban runoff.

BR4 Prior to implementation of fuel modification in areas of coastal sage scrub/chaparral, a qualified biologist shall conduct surveys in May or June for Plummer’s mariposa lily. If individual specimens are identified in the proposed fuel modification area, the plants shall be flagged and avoidance measures will be determined as appropriate by the project biologist. Fuel modification shall be timed or configured to avoid any potential impacts to this species. This mitigation measure will allow for protection of the Plummer’s mariposa lily.

BR5 Impacts to California black walnut trees associated with approximately 0.79 acre to be impacted for construction of a municipal water tank will be replaced at 1:1 for each California black walnut tree impacted. The walnut woodland will be replaced within the riparian corridor or other suitable areas on the project site. This mitigation measure will ensure that the same amount of California black walnuts that must be removed for the water tank are replaced in an appropriate open space area.

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BR6 Prior to issuance of a grading permit, the Applicant shall prepare an assessment of coast live oaks to identify candidate trees suitable for transplanting per recognized arborist practices. Impacts to coast live oaks shall be mitigated at a replacement ratio consistent with Los Angeles County standards. Trees determined healthy for relocation shall be relocated within the riparian corridor or other suitable areas on the project site. Others shall be replaced. This mitigation measure will ensure that the minimum number of oak trees must be impacted and that large healthy specimens are transplanted and recognized as a community asset.

BR7 To ensure compliance with the provisions of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, clearing of native habitats for grading or for fuel modification shall be performed outside of the avian nesting season (March 15 - July 31). If it is necessary to clear habitat during this period, areas to be cleared shall be surveyed by a qualified biologist for active nest. If active nests are identified, clearing shall wait until the fledglings have departed the nest. A qualified biologist shall survey for raptor nests within 200 feet of the proposed grading limits prior to clearing and no mechanized work shall be allowed within the buffer until the fledglings have departed the nests. This mitigation measure will ensure that nests with eggs are not disturbed.

UNAVOIDABLE SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE IMPACTS

With implementation of the mitigation measures listed above, all impacts related to biological resources will be mitigated to a less-than-significant level.

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