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Malosma Laurina (Nutt.) Nutt. Ex Abrams
I. SPECIES Malosma laurina (Nutt.) Nutt. ex Abrams NRCS CODE: Family: Anacardiaceae MALA6 Subfamily: Anacardiodeae Order: Sapindales Subclass: Rosidae Class: Magnoliopsida Immature fruits are green to red in mid-summer. Plants tend to flower in May to June. A. Subspecific taxa none B. Synonyms Rhus laurina Nutt. (USDA PLANTS 2017) C. Common name laurel sumac (McMinn 1939, Calflora 2016) There is only one species of Malosma. Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data and a combination of D. Taxonomic relationships molecular and structural data place Malosma as distinct but related to both Toxicodendron and Rhus (Miller et al. 2001, Yi et al. 2004, Andrés-Hernández et al. 2014). E. Related taxa in region Rhus ovata and Rhus integrifolia may be the closest relatives and laurel sumac co-occurs with both species. Very early, Malosma was separated out of the genus Rhus in part because it has smaller fruits and lacks the following traits possessed by all species of Rhus : red-glandular hairs on the fruits and axis of the inflorescence, hairs on sepal margins, and glands on the leaf blades (Barkley 1937, Andrés-Hernández et al. 2014). F. Taxonomic issues none G. Other The name Malosma refers to the strong odor of the plant (Miller & Wilken 2017). The odor of the crushed leaves has been described as apple-like, but some think the smell is more like bitter almonds (Allen & Roberts 2013). The leaves are similar to those of the laurel tree and many others in family Lauraceae, hence the specific epithet "laurina." Montgomery & Cheo (1971) found time to ignition for dried leaf blades of laurel sumac to be intermediate and similar to scrub oak, Prunus ilicifolia, and Rhamnus crocea; faster than Heteromeles arbutifolia, Arctostaphylos densiflora, and Rhus ovata; and slower than Salvia mellifera. -
"National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment. -
The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens
The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens Francisco Garin Garcia Iturraran Botanical Gardens, northern Spain [email protected] Overview Iturraran Botanical Gardens occupy 25 hectares of the northern area of Spain’s Pagoeta Natural Park. They extend along the slopes of the Iturraran hill upon the former hay meadows belonging to the farmhouse of the same name, currently the Reception Centre of the Park. The minimum altitude is 130 m above sea level, and the maximum is 220 m. Within its bounds there are indigenous wooded copses of Quercus robur and other non-coniferous species. Annual precipitation ranges from 140 to 160 cm/year. The maximum temperatures can reach 30º C on some days of summer and even during periods of southern winds on isolated days from October to March; the winter minimums fall to -3º C or -5 º C, occasionally registering as low as -7º C. Frosty days are few and they do not last long. It may snow several days each year. Soils are fairly shallow, with a calcareous substratum, but acidified by the abundant rainfall. In general, the pH is neutral due to their action. Collections The first plantations date back to late 1987. There are currently approximately 5,000 different taxa, the majority being trees and shrubs. There are around 3,000 species, including around 300 species from the genus Quercus; 100 of them are from Mexico and Central America. Quercus costaricensis photo©Francisco Garcia 48 International Oak Journal No. 22 Spring 2011 Oaks from Mexico and Oaks from Mexico -
Pdf Clickbook Booklet
2. phyllaries strongly graded; basal lvs 0, cauline gen evenly sized and spaced; infls arising near st tips; per Plant Guide to Aspen Grove / Fish Creek Trail, San Bernardino Mountains 3. phyllaries glandular .... var. breweri 3'. phyllaries non-glandular ... var. covillei Mile S # id? Common Name Latin Name #here #all Trailhead at parking lot in front of kiosk / display board, elevation 7410 feet 2'. phyllaries roughly equal; cauline lvs reduced upwards; infls arising (2260 m). Trail is in sun for first 1/4 mile, then mostly in shade. (Coville's 0.00 near mid-stem; ann to biennial E. divergens fleabane, Erigeron breweri var. covillei, is found in the parking area, but not so far on the trail). threadleaf common Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. 1'. phyllary tips spreading to reflexed; lvs gen reduced upwards; per to subshrub 0.00 b 1 20 / 5 14 rabbitbrush consimilis 2. lvs green, linear, often toothed; resembling those of a penstemon in Machaeranthera canescens var. being rigidly spreading; gen per ..... Machaeranthera canescens 0.00 r 2 hoary-aster 50 / 9 3 canescens+ 2'. lvs gray, "half-tomentose", usually ascending; subshrub ...... Lessingia filaginifolia var. filaginifolia Eriogonum wrightii var. 0.00 b 3 Wright's buckwheat 40 / 6 11 subscaposum http://tchester.org/sb/plants/guides/fish_creek.html Elymus elymoides ssp. Updated 14 October 2013. 0.00 l 4 California squirreltail 50 / 9 8 californicus 0.00 r 5 Nevin's bird's beak Cordylanthus nevinii 30 / 5 5 0.00 l 6 yarrow Achillea millefolium 20 / 4 11 Castilleja applegatei ssp. 0.00 b 7 Martin's paintbrush 30 / 4 14 martinii+ 0.00 r Information board 0.00 r 8 Davidson's lotus Lotus nevadensis var. -
Species Report for the San Fernando Valley Spineflower (Chorizanthe Parryi Var
Comments on “Species Report for the San Fernando Valley Spineflower (Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina)” The report presents a misleading representation of the threat of Argentine ant invasion into the areas planned for development by the Newhall Land Company and inadequate information regarding the pollination biology of the SFVS (San Fernando Valley Spineflower). For these reasons, my professional opinion, which is based on over 20 years of experience studying the Argentine ant in the field in California, is that additional research would have to be conducted to assess how the planned developments would impact the Santa Clarita populations of SFVS. In the sections of the report dealing with Argentine ant invasion, several points require clarification. (1) In the interior portions of southern California, the Argentine ant is limited by soil moisture and tends to occur primarily in riparian woodlands and irrigated areas, which can include urban, suburban and agricultural environments. That said, all of the isolated patches of SFVS in Santa Clarita, if exposed to the development illustrated in Figure 4 of the report, would likely be vulnerable to Argentine ant invasion given that they would be surrounded either by urban development or by the Santa Clarita River riparian corridor. Planned urban and suburban developments would affect (and mostly increase) soil moisture levels in unexpected ways by changing impermeable surface cover, storm water run off, flood control measures, irrigation, and landscaping. These changes will increase the risk that isolated SFVS reserves will become invaded by the Argentine ant but will likely do so in ways that are not easy to predict. -
December 2012 Number 1
Calochortiana December 2012 Number 1 December 2012 Number 1 CONTENTS Proceedings of the Fifth South- western Rare and Endangered Plant Conference Calochortiana, a new publication of the Utah Native Plant Society . 3 The Fifth Southwestern Rare and En- dangered Plant Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2009 . 3 Abstracts of presentations and posters not submitted for the proceedings . 4 Southwestern cienegas: Rare habitats for endangered wetland plants. Robert Sivinski . 17 A new look at ranking plant rarity for conservation purposes, with an em- phasis on the flora of the American Southwest. John R. Spence . 25 The contribution of Cedar Breaks Na- tional Monument to the conservation of vascular plant diversity in Utah. Walter Fertig and Douglas N. Rey- nolds . 35 Studying the seed bank dynamics of rare plants. Susan Meyer . 46 East meets west: Rare desert Alliums in Arizona. John L. Anderson . 56 Calochortus nuttallii (Sego lily), Spatial patterns of endemic plant spe- state flower of Utah. By Kaye cies of the Colorado Plateau. Crystal Thorne. Krause . 63 Continued on page 2 Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society Utah Native Plant Society, PO Box 520041, Salt Lake Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights City, Utah, 84152-0041. www.unps.org Reserved. Calochortiana is a publication of the Utah Native Plant Society, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organi- Editor: Walter Fertig ([email protected]), zation dedicated to conserving and promoting steward- Editorial Committee: Walter Fertig, Mindy Wheeler, ship of our native plants. Leila Shultz, and Susan Meyer CONTENTS, continued Biogeography of rare plants of the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada. -
Eldorado National Forest Placerville Ranger District Biological Assessment / Evaluation for Botanical Species
ELDORADO NATIONAL FOREST PLACERVILLE RANGER DISTRICT BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT / EVALUATION FOR BOTANICAL SPECIES: PILLIKEN FOREST HEALTH PROJECT 2016 Prepared By: /s/ Matt Brown Date: 4/13/2016 . Matt Brown Botanist Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 3 II. CONSULTATION TO DATE ....................................................................................... 6 III. CURRENT MANAGEMENT DIRECTION ............................................................... 6 IV. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................... 7 V. EXISTING SPECIES AND HABITAT CONDITION ................................................. 7 VI. EFFECTS .................................................................................................................... 16 VII. OTHER MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS: ..................... 16 VIII. MITIGATIONS AND MONITORING ................................................................... 19 IX. DETERMINATION ................................................................................................... 19 X. REFERENCES............................................................................................................. 20 APPENDIX A: BOTANY REPORT FOR SPECIAL INTEREST PLANTS .................. 21 APPENDIX B: NOXIOUS WEED RISK ASSESSMENT .............................................. 27 APPENDIX C: NOXIOUS/INVASIVE WEEDS OF CONCERN ................................. -
How to Look at Oaks
How to Look at Oaks Species name: __________________________________________ Growth habit: tree or shrub Bark type on mature trees: scaly and papery or smooth and furrowed gray or black Foliage: Evergreen or deciduous Leaves Leaf margins: entire (smooth) lobed toothed Leaf edges from the side: wavy fat concave Lobe tips: rounded (not spiny) or spine-tipped Leaf underside: hairless or with small tufs of hairs or covered with hairs color: _______________ Leaf upper surface: dull or shiny hairless or covered with hairs color: _______________ Acorns Time to maturity: one year or two years Acorn shape: oblong elongated round tip: pointed or rounded Acorn size: length: ___________ width: ___________ Acorn cup: deep or shallow % of mature acorn covered by cup: Acorn cup shape: cap saucer bowl cup Acorn cup scales: thin, papery, leafike or thick, knobby, warty Scale tips: loose or pressed tightly to each other Acorn inner surface: densely fuzzy or hairless Based on the features above, is this a: Red/Black Oak White Oak Intermediate Oak Other Notable Features: Characteristics and Taxonomy of Quercus in California Genus Quercus = ~400-600 species Original publication: Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 994. 1753 Sections in the subgenus Quercus: Red Oaks or Black Oaks 1. Foliage evergreen or deciduous (Quercus section Lobatae syn. 2. Mature bark gray to dark brown or black, smooth or Erythrobalanus) deeply furrowed, not scaly or papery ~195 species 3. Leaf blade lobes with bristles 4. Acorn requiring 2 seasons to mature (except Q. Example native species: agrifolia) kelloggii, agrifolia, wislizeni, parvula 5. Cup scales fattened, never knobby or warty, never var. -
Sierra Nevada Framework FEIS Chapter 3
table of contrents Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment – Part 4.6 4.6. Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Fungi4.6. Fungi Introduction Part 3.1 of this chapter describes landscape-scale vegetation patterns. Part 3.2 describes the vegetative structure, function, and composition of old forest ecosystems, while Part 3.3 describes hardwood ecosystems and Part 3.4 describes aquatic, riparian, and meadow ecosystems. This part focuses on botanical diversity in the Sierra Nevada, beginning with an overview of botanical resources and then presenting a more detailed analysis of the rarest elements of the flora, the threatened, endangered, and sensitive (TES) plants. The bryophytes (mosses and liverworts), lichens, and fungi of the Sierra have been little studied in comparison to the vascular flora. In the Pacific Northwest, studies of these groups have received increased attention due to the President’s Northwest Forest Plan. New and valuable scientific data is being revealed, some of which may apply to species in the Sierra Nevada. This section presents an overview of the vascular plant flora, followed by summaries of what is generally known about bryophytes, lichens, and fungi in the Sierra Nevada. Environmental Consequences of the alternatives are only analyzed for the Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive plants, which include vascular plants, several bryophytes, and one species of lichen. 4.6.1. Vascular plants4.6.1. plants The diversity of topography, geology, and elevation in the Sierra Nevada combine to create a remarkably diverse flora (see Section 3.1 for an overview of landscape patterns and vegetation dynamics in the Sierra Nevada). More than half of the approximately 5,000 native vascular plant species in California occur in the Sierra Nevada, despite the fact that the range contains less than 20 percent of the state’s land base (Shevock 1996). -
And Engelmann Oak (Q. Engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1
Insect-oak Interactions with Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) and Engelmann Oak (Q. engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1 Connell E. Dunning,2 Timothy D. Paine,3 and Richard A. Redak3 Abstract We determined the impact of insects on both acorns and seedlings of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia Nee) and Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii E. Greene). Our goals were to (1) identify insects feeding on acorns and levels of insect damage, and (2) measure performance and preference of a generalist leaf-feeding insect herbivore, the migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes [Fabricus] Orthoptera: Acrididae), on both species of oak seedlings. Acorn collections and insect emergence traps under mature Q. agrifolia and Q. engelmannii revealed that 62 percent of all ground-collected acorns had some level of insect damage, with Q. engelmannii receiving significantly more damage. However, the amount of insect damage to individual acorns of both species was slight (<20 percent damage per acorn). Curculio occidentis (Casey) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and Valentinia glandulella Riley (Lepidoptera: Blastobasidae) were found feeding on both species of acorns. No-choice and choice seedling feeding trials were performed to determine grasshopper performance on the two species of oak seedlings. Quercus agrifolia seedlings and leaves received more damage than those of Q. engelmannii and provided a better diet, resulting in higher grasshopper biomass. Introduction The amount of oak habitat in many regions of North America is decreasing due to increased urban and agricultural development (Pavlik and others 1991). In addition, some oak species are exhibiting low natural regeneration. Although the status of Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii E. -
References and Appendices
References Ainley, D.G., S.G. Allen, and L.B. Spear. 1995. Off- Arnold, R.A. 1983. Ecological studies on six endan- shore occurrence patterns of marbled murrelets gered butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): in central California. In: C.J. Ralph, G.L. Hunt island biogeography, patch dynamics, and the Jr., M.G. Raphael, and J.F. Piatt, technical edi- design of habitat preserves. University of Cali- tors. Ecology and Conservation of the Marbled fornia Publications in Entomology 99: 1–161. Murrelet. USDA Forest Service, General Techni- Atwood, J.L. 1993. California gnatcatchers and coastal cal Report PSW-152; 361–369. sage scrub: the biological basis for endangered Allen, C.R., R.S. Lutz, S. Demairais. 1995. Red im- species listing. In: J.E. Keeley, editor. Interface ported fire ant impacts on Northern Bobwhite between ecology and land development in Cali- populations. Ecological Applications 5: 632-638. fornia. Southern California Academy of Sciences, Allen, E.B., P.E. Padgett, A. Bytnerowicz, and R.A. Los Angeles; 149–169. Minnich. 1999. Nitrogen deposition effects on Atwood, J.L., P. Bloom, D. Murphy, R. Fisher, T. Scott, coastal sage vegetation of southern California. In T. Smith, R. Wills, P. Zedler. 1996. Principles of A. Bytnerowicz, M.J. Arbaugh, and S. Schilling, reserve design and species conservation for the tech. coords. Proceedings of the international sym- southern Orange County NCCP (Draft of Oc- posium on air pollution and climate change effects tober 21, 1996). Unpublished manuscript. on forest ecosystems, February 5–9, 1996, River- Austin, M. 1903. The Land of Little Rain. University side, CA. -
Griffith Park Rare Plant Survey
Cooper Ecological Monitoring, Inc. EIN 72-1598095 Daniel S. Cooper, President 5850 W. 3rd St. #167 Los Angeles, CA 90036 (323) 397-3562 [email protected] Griffith Park Rare Plant Survey Plummer's mariposa-lily Calochortus plummerae (CNPS 1B.2) blooms near Skyline Trail in the northeastern corner of Griffith Park, 26 May 2010 (ph. DSC). Prepared by: Daniel S. Cooper Cooper Ecological Monitoring, Inc. October 2010 1 Part I. Summary of Findings Part II (species accounts) begins after p. 26. We present information on extant occurrences of 15 special-status species, subspecies and/or varieties of vascular plants in Griffith Park and contiguous open space, including three for which no known local specimen existed prior to this study: slender mariposa-lily (Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis; CNPS 1B.2), Humboldt lily (Lilium humboldtii var. ocellatum; CNPS 4.2), and Hubby's phacelia (Phacelia hubbyi; CNPS 4.2). Using lists developed by local botanists, we document - from specimens or digital photographs - extant occurrences of nearly 40 additional plant taxa felt to be of conservation concern in the eastern Santa Monica Mountains, including 16 for which no prior specimen existed for the park or surrounding open space. We also identify several dozen taxa known from the specimen record but unconfirmed in the park in recent years. From this information, we discuss patterns of occurrence of rare plants in the park, drawing attention to "hotspots" for rare species diversity, such as Spring Canyon and Royce Canyon, and identify areas, particularly in the northeastern corner of the park and along the southeastern border, where rare plants are relatively poorly represented in the landscape.