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Home , African stonechat, American yellow warbler, Chilean skua, Chloropeta, Hudsonian whimbrel, Iduna (bird)

Ibis (2011), 153, 883–892

Taxonomic recommendations for British : seventh report

GEORGE SANGSTER,1,2* J. MARTIN COLLINSON,3 PIERRE-ANDRE´ CROCHET,4 ALAN G. KNOX,5 DAVID T. PARKIN,6 LARS SVENSSON7 & STEPHEN C. VOTIER8 1Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, SE–104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 2Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE–10691 Stockholm, Sweden 3School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK 4CNRS-UMR 5175 Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 5University Museums, King’s College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3SW, UK 6Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK 7S:ta Toras va¨g 28, SE–269 77 Torekov, Sweden 8Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK

This paper is the seventh report of the Taxonomic • Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma cahow (monotypic) Sub-Committee (TSC) of the BOU Records Committee (BOURC) relating to the British List. Capped Petrel is in Category A of the British -level decisions are based on criteria out- List. lined by Helbig et al. (2002). The sixth report of the Sub-Committee was published by Sangster Water aquaticus et al. (2010a). The Sub-Committee has been working with the Recent vocal and molecular studies indicate that Association of European Rarities Committees’ Water Rail consists of two distinct lineages (de Taxonomic Advisory Group, which has recently Kroon et al. 2008, Tavares et al. 2010). Two main published recommendations online (Crochet et al. call types have been recorded for Rallus aquaticus 2010). The reports of the BOURC and its TSC, aquaticus: a long and complex call (the ‘pig which are published in Ibis, remain the official squeal’), and a short and simple call, both repeated publications of the BOU. in series, whereas for Rallus aquaticus indicus, only a complex call type has been recorded, which is distinct from that of R. a. aquaticus (de Kroon Capped Petrel [Black-capped Petrel] et al. 2008). Preliminary playback experiments Pterodroma hasitata showed a lack of response of R. a. aquaticus to the Capped Petrel and Bermuda Petrel differ diagnos- complex calls of R. a. indicus, suggesting a biologi- ably in pattern and coloration of crown, hindneck cal significance for these differences (de Kroon et al. and rump, and uppertail-coverts (Brooke 2004, 2008). Phylogeographical analysis of mitochondrial Howell & Patteson 2008). Molecular phylogenetic and nuclear DNA sequences places R. a. indicus analysis further suggests that these are not closely in a separate clade from the clade containing related taxa (Jesus et al. 2009). Capped Petrel and R. a. aquaticus and Rallus aquaticus korejewi, and Bermuda Petrel are therefore best treated as sepa- further showed that these clades are strongly differ- rate species: entiated (Tavares et al. 2010). The two groups also • Capped Petrel Pterodroma hasitata (polytypic) differ in (Cramp & Simmons 1980, de Kroon 1991, Taylor & van Perlo 1998). Water Rail is therefore best treated as two species: *Corresponding author. • Water Rail Rallus aquaticus (polytypic, with Email: [email protected] aquaticus and korejewi)

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• Brown-cheeked Rail Rallus indicus (mono- Eurasian Whimbrels in Scandinavia (N. p. typic) phaeopus; Johnsen et al. 2010) and Eastern Asia Water Rail is in Category A of the British List. (Numenius phaeopus variegatus; Kerr et al. 2009), comparable with other pairs of sister species. We have combined the datasets of Hebert et al. Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus (2004), Yoo et al. (2006), Kerr et al. (2009) and A recent study has documented morphological, Johnsen et al. (2010) and performed phylogenetic molecular and vocal differences between Kentish analyses to determine how Eurasian Whimbrels in Plover Charadrius alexandrinus alexandrinus and Scandinavia are related to those in Eastern Asia. Snowy Plovers Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus Mitochondrial DNA sequences of Hudsonian (Küpper et al. 2009). Kentish Plovers have longer Whimbrel clustered with strong support in a clade wings and tarsi than Snowy Plovers, although there that is sister to a clade formed by Eurasian Whim- is overlap of measurements. Female Snowy Plovers brels, but Scandinavian phaeopus and Eastern Asian can have various amounts of black in the head- and variegatus samples were very similar and did not breast-markings, sometimes making them similar form separate clades (Fig. 1). Numenius phaeopus to those of males, whereas in female Kentish alboaxillaris has not been included in any molecu- Plovers these areas are brown. Chicks of Kentish lar analyses but is presumed to be allied to the Plover have a dark central stripe on the upperparts, phaeopus ⁄ variegatus clade on geographical grounds. which is lacking in Snowy Plovers. Mitochondrial It is recommended that hudsonicus is treated as a DNA sequences (ND3 and ATPase) of Kentish separate species. Plover and Snowy Plover differ by 6.1% on average. • Hudsonian Whimbrel Numenius hudsonicus Mitochondrial DNA sequences and CHD-Z geno- (monotypic) types were more divergent between Kentish and • Numenius phaeopus (poly- Snowy Plovers than between Kentish and White- typic, including subspecies phaeopus, alboaxil- fronted Plovers Charadrius marginatus. Finally, laris and variegatus) male courtship calls of Kentish and Snowy Plovers Other subspecies of both Eurasian and Hudso- may also differ (Küpper et al. 2009). nian Whimbrel have been proposed by Engelmoer The plumage characters and nomenclature of the and Roselaar (1998) and Tomkovich (2008) which East Asian White-faced Plover Charadrius alexan- may deserve recognition. Eurasian Whimbrel and drinus dealbatus have recently been clarified (Bake- Hudsonian Whimbrel are both in Category A of well & Kennerley 2008, Kennerley et al. 2008). the British List. White-faced Plover is retained here as a subspecies of Kentish Plovers pending ongoing studies. Great Stercorarius skua Kentish Plover is best treated as two species: • Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus (poly- Relationships of Stercorarius skua are uncertain. typic, with subspecies alexandrinus, seebohmi, Mitochondrial DNA analyses have suggested that nihonensis and dealbatus) S. skua is more closely related to Stercorarius • Snowy Plover Charadrius nivosus (polytypic, pomarinus than to taxa breeding in the southern see Funk et al. 2007) hemisphere (Blechschmidt et al. 1993, Cohen Kentish Plover is in Category A of the British et al. 1997, Ritz et al. 2008, but see Braun & List. Brumfield 1998), whereas analyses of morphology and ectoparasites support monophyly of the ‘great ’ (Andersson 1999a, 1999b, Chu et al. 2009). Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus As well as genetic differences from southern Hudsonian Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus hudsoni- hemisphere skuas, Great Skua differs from all cus is separable from Eurasian Whimbrel Numenius other skuas in plumage at most ages (Furness phaeopus phaeopus on the basis of diagnostic differ- 1987, Malling-Olsen & Larsson 1997). Among the ences in plumage and mean morphometric differ- southern skuas, Chilean Skua Stercorarius skua chil- ences (Hayman et al. 1986, Engelmoer & Roselaar ensis and South Polar Skua Stercorarius skua mac- 1998). Hudsonian Whimbrel shows marked diver- cormicki are well differentiated on the basis of gence in mitochondrial DNA sequences (around morphology from taxa, Stercorarius 3.6% sequence divergence in the CO1 ) from skua antarcticus, Stercorarius skua hamiltoni and

ª 2011 The Authors Ibis ª 2011 British Ornithologists’ Union Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: seventh report 885

Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships among Whimbrels Numenius phaeopus and other based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of 694 bp of cytochrome c oxidase sub-unit 1, using Bartramia longicauda as outgroup. The best-fit model was estimated with MEGA5 (Tamura et al. 2011) based on the corrected Akaike information criterion. The selected model was HKY + G. To further evalu- ate statistical support for the topology, maximum parsimony (MP) bootstrapping was performed in MEGA5 and Bayesian analysis was performed using MRBAYES version 3.1.2 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003). Default priors in MRBAYES were used. Four Metropolis-coupled MCMC chains with incremental heating temperature 0.2 were run for 300 000 generations, and sampled every 100 generations. The first 750 trees were discarded as burn-in and the posterior probability estimated for the remaining sampled generations. Numbers above branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities; numbers below represent bootstrap support (1000 replicates) from MP and ML analyses, respectively. GenBank accession numbers and, for Whimbrels, collecting localities are given.

Stercorarius skua lonnbergi (Furness 1987, see also Skuas and differences in arrival time between spe- Hospitaleche et al. 2009). Chilean, Brown and cies and sexes in the contact zone (Parmalee 1988, South Polar Skuas are also significantly differenti- Hahn et al. 2003, Ritz et al. 2006). Mating pat- ated from each other in mitochondrial control terns in a mixed colony of King George Island indi- region sequences (Ritz et al. 2008). In addition, cate that heterospecific pairs are about three times sympatrically breeding Brown and South Polar less numerous than expected if mating was ran- Skuas differ significantly in several long call param- dom, showing strong assortative mating (Ritz et al. eters (Pietz 1985) and further differ in ecological 2006). and reproductive traits (Pietz 1987, Ritz et al. We recommend that at least four species are 2006, Hahn et al. 2007). However, mtDNA of recognized in the great skua complex but acknowl- none of the southern taxa is reciprocally monophy- edge that further field and molecular studies are letic with respect to each other (Ritz et al. 2008). warranted to firmly establish the taxonomic status South Polar Skua overlaps with Brown Skua on the of the southern skua taxa: Antarctic Peninsula, where the two taxa form a • Great Skua Stercorarius skua (monotypic) 500-km-wide hybrid zone (Ritz et al. 2006). • Brown Skua Stercorarius antarcticus (poly- Within this zone, reproductive success of mixed typic, with subspecies hamiltoni, lonnbergi and pairs is higher than that of pure Brown Skua pairs antarcticus) but similar to that of pure South Polar Skua pairs • Chilean Skua Stercorarius chilensis (mono- (Hahn et al. 2003, Ritz et al. 2006). Mixed pair typic) formation (and mitochondrial gene flow) is asym- • South Polar Skua Stercorarius maccormicki metric, most likely due to a combination of much (monotypic) lower numbers of Brown Skuas than South Polar

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Great Skua is in Category A of the British List. upperparts than those to the south (Pethon 1967, Two individuals, one from the Isles of Scilly (Corn- Jones 1988, Anker-Nilssen et al. 1988, Camphuy- wall) and one from Glamorgan in 2001 ⁄ 2002, have sen 1989, 2007, Cadiou et al. 2004, Barrett et al. been accepted as being of one of the southern skua 2008). Several recent studies have revealed insuffi- taxa, but have not yet been identified to species cient genetic structuring in the northern and east- (Votier et al. 2004, 2007). ern Atlantic to support the current arrangement of subspecies (Moum & Árnason 2001, Cadiou et al. 2004, Riffaut et al. 2005, Morris-Pocock et al. Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis 2008). Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on concate- There is no apparent break or step in the nated mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences plumage, morphometric or genetic between indicate that Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida and populations currently placed in the subspecies Sterna sandvicensis eurygnatha are more closely aalge or hyperborea sufficient to justify the contin- allied to Elegant Tern Sterna elegans than to the ued retention of hyperborea and, despite the sub- European Sterna sandvicensis sandvicensis (Efe stantial differences between populations at the et al. 2009). An analysis based on CO1 sequences, ends of the cline, it is recommended that hyper- with more individuals of each taxon, also recovered borea be treated as a of aalge. this pattern and identified several diagnostic substi- Some birds hatched within colonies of albionis tutions for each clade. Garner et al. (2007) may be found within colonies of aalge (and vice reported several differences between S. s. sandvic- versa; Harris & Swann 2002, Harris & Wanless ensis and S. s. acuflavida in juvenile plumage, first 2007, M. Harris in litt., S. Wanless in litt.). In the winter plumage, first summer plumage, adult win- absence of quantitative information on the cline in ter plumage and adult summer plumage, and some plumage coloration between albionis and aalge, but of these may be diagnostic. Cabot’s Tern is best with apparently pronounced differences in upper- recognized as a separate species: part colour (Cramp 1985), the subspecies albionis • Cabot’s Tern Sterna acuflavida (polytypic, is retained for now. with subspecies acuflavida and eurygnatha) • Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis (mono- Tufted Puffin Lunda cirrhata typic) Cabot’s Tern and Sandwich Tern are both in Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA Category A of the British List. sequences (Moum et al. 1994), combined mito- chondrial DNA and allozyme data (Friesen et al. 1996), and combined mitochondrial and nuclear Guillemot [Common Murre] Uria aalge DNA sequences (Pereira & Baker 2008) provide Three subspecies of Guillemot are currently recog- congruent evidence that Tufted Puffin Lunda cir- nized in the North Atlantic (Cramp 1985): rhata is sister to Fratercula arctica and Fratercula hyperborea – Norway north of c. 69N, coast of corniculata. The genetic and morphological diver- Murmansk, Bear Island, Spitsbergen and Novaya gence between cirrhata, arctica and corniculata is Zemlya typical of divergence among congeneric species in aalge – eastern Canada, , Iceland, other genera of Alcidae. Recognition of a mono- Faeroes, Scotland north of c. 5538¢N, Baltic and typic for Tufted Puffin is not warranted; Norway north to c. 69N Tufted Puffin is placed in Fratercula and becomes albionis – Britain south of c. 5538¢N, Ireland, Fratercula cirrhata. The British species of puffins Helgoland, Brittany and western Iberia. should be listed in the following sequence: Nominate aalge and albionis are on the British • Tufted Puffin Fratercula cirrhata List; albionis breeding north to Ailsa Craig, Sanda • Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica and Mull of Kintyre in the west (Harris & Wanless 2007) and Northumberland in the east, and nomi- riparia nate aalge to the north of this (BOU 1971). Morphological variation in the northern and Sand Martins (riparia group) and Pale Martins (di- eastern Atlantic is largely clinal, with populations luta group) show diagnostic differences in the col- to the north being generally larger and with darker oration of the upperparts and breast-band, and

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further differ in the degree of tarsal feathering, bill Warbler was sister to the other species of in shape, depth of the tail fork, throat colour and most analyses and thus may be placed in a separate alarm calls (Goroshko 1993). The two groups have genus (Phragmaticola). We have refrained from widely overlapping breeding ranges in central Asia, doing so to avoid recognition of a monotypic yet colonies consist of either only one of the genus. As a consequence, the names and taxo- groups (Gavrilov & Savtchenko 1991, Goroshko nomic sequence of the four species of Iduna on 1993) or both groups but no mixed pairs (L. the British List become as follows: Svensson unpubl. data). The two groups appear to • Thick-billed Warbler Iduna aedon have different preferences in the zone of • Iduna caligata overlap: Sand Martin nests closer to rivers or other • Sykes’s Warbler Iduna rama fresh water sources, whereas nesting colonies of • Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Iduna pallida Pale Martin are in arid steppe (Goroshko 1993). Mitochondrial (ND2) and nuclear (MUSK) gene Siberian Zoothera sibirica trees of Common and Pale Martins sampled within and outside the overlap zone are reciprocally Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that the monophyletic and mitochondrial DNA sequence genus Zoothera comprises two clades that are not divergence of the two clades is substantial (4.5– closely related (Klicka et al. 2005, Voelker & 5.5%; Pavlova et al. 2008). Thus, two species are Klicka 2008). One clade (the Zoothera clade) recognized: includes Zoothera dauma and several Indo-Mala- • Pale Martin Riparia diluta (polytypic) yan and Australasian species. The other clade (the • Sand Martin Riparia riparia (polytypic) Geokichla clade) includes several colourful Afri- The and nomenclature of sand mar- can and Indo-Malayan species. These studies indi- tins have been reviewed by Dickinson and Dekker cate that Siberian Thrush is not part of the (2001), Loskot and Dickinson (2001) and Loskot Zoothera clade but most likely part of the Geo- (2006). Sand Martin is in Category A of the British kichla clade, although its exact position is poorly List. supported (Klicka et al. 2005, Voelker & Outlaw 2008, see also Voelker & Klicka 2008). Siberian Thrush is therefore placed in Geokichla and Thick-billed Warbler Acrocephalus becomes: aedon • Siberian Thrush Geokichla sibirica Eastern Olivaceous Warbler pallida Booted Warbler Hippolais caligata Taxonomic sequence of Muscicapinae Sykes’s Warbler Hippolais rama Recent phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and A series of phylogenetic studies based on mito- nuclear DNA sequences have clarified the relation- chondrial sequences indicate that the genus ships among the genera of chats and flycatchers Hippolais is not monophyletic and that the (Muscicapinae, sometimes ranked as a Mu- Booted ⁄ olivaceous warblers (Hippolais caligata, scicapidae) (Sangster et al. 2010b, Zuccon & Eric- Hippolais rama, Hippolais opaca, Hippolais pallida) son 2010). The taxonomic sequence recommended form a clade which is more closely related to the here is based on the principle that, for each genus Acrocephalus than to Hippolais (Leisler et al. branching point in the phylogeny, the less-speciose 1997, Helbig & Seibold 1999, Round et al. 2007). group should be listed first. A more detailed study based on mitochondrial and • Cercotrichas nuclear gene sequences also shows that the • Muscicapa Booted ⁄ olivaceous warblers are not closely related • Erithacus to Hippolais but places these species outside the • Hippolais and Acrocephalus clades (Fregin et al. • Irania 2009). The latter study suggests that H. caligata, • H. rama, H. pallida and H. opaca, together with • Calliope natalensis, Chloropeta similis and Thick- • Tarsiger billed Warbler, are best placed in a separate genus, • Ficedula for which the name Iduna is available. Thick-billed • Phoenicurus

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• Monticola conspecific. Therefore, stejnegeri is tentatively • included in Saxicola maurus. Pending further analy- • Oenanthe sis, variegatus, armenicus and indicus are provision- ally retained as conspecific with S. maurus: • African Stonechat Saxicola torquatus (poly- Luscinia cyane typic, with c. 14–17 subspecies, Urquhart & Rufous-tailed Robin Luscinia sibilans Bowley 2002, Dickinson 2003) Siberian Rubythroat Luscinia calliope • Saxicola maurus (poly- Recent phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and typic, with subspecies maurus, variegatus, nuclear DNA sequences have demonstrated that armenicus, indicus, stejnegeri and przewalskii) Luscinia (sensu Voous 1977, Dickinson 2003) is • Saxicola rubicola (poly- not monophyletic, and that Siberian Blue Robin, typic, with subspecies rubicola and hibernans) Rufous-tailed Robin and Siberian Rubythroat, and Siberian Stonechat and European Stonechat are several extralimital species, are not closely related in Category A of the British List. to the ‘true’ nightingales, Luscinia luscinia and Luscinia megarhynchos (Sangster et al. 2010b, Greenfinch [European Greenfinch] Zuccon & Ericson 2010). We follow the revision Carduelis chloris proposed by Sangster et al. (2010b). As a conse- quence, the genera Larvivora and Calliope are rein- Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that the stated for three species on the British List, as greenfinches (Carduelis chloris, Carduelis sinica, follows: Carduelis ambigua, Carduelis spinoides) represent a • Siberian Blue Robin Larvivora cyane monophyletic group which is not sister to the other • Rufous-tailed Robin Larvivora sibilans species currently classified in Carduelis (Arnaiz- • Siberian Rubythroat Calliope calliope Villena et al. 1998, van der Meij et al. 2005, Zamora et al. 2006a, 2006b, Nguembock et al. 2008, see also Raikow 1978, 1985, Fehrer 1996). Stonechat [Eurasian Stonechat] Saxicola The greenfinches are therefore best placed in the torquatus genus Chloris. The Greenfinch thus becomes: Phylogeographical analyses of mitochondrial DNA • European Greenfinch Chloris chloris sequences have placed European, Siberian and The same studies further indicate that the African taxa in separate clades, and have further genera Serinus and Carduelis as currently defined indicated that European Stonechats are more do not represent monophyletic groups. However, closely related to Canarian Stonechat Saxicola due to incomplete taxon sampling, conflicting dacotiae than to Siberian and African Stonechats results and low support for some putative clades, (Wittmann et al. 1995, Wink et al. 2002a, 2002b, no further changes are recommended at this time. Illera et al. 2008, Woog et al. 2008, Zink et al. 2009). These studies also suggest that African Bullfinch [Eurasian Bullfinch] Pyrrhula Stonechats are more closely related to Reunion pyrrhula Stonechat Saxicola tectes than to any of the Palearc- tic taxa. European Stonechats, Siberian Stonechats The extralimital Bullfinch Pyrrhula p. mur- and African Stonechats further differ in morphol- ina differs diagnosably from Bullfinch Pyrrhula ogy (Cramp 1988, Svensson 1992, Urquhart & p. pyrrhula in the coloration of the underparts and Bowley 2002). wing bars, and in the degree of sexual dimor- Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the eastern phism (Cramp & Perrins 1994). Phylogenetic Siberian stejnegeri are highly divergent from those analysis of concatenated mitochondrial and of western Siberian maurus and are sister to the nuclear DNA sequences suggests that Azores Bull- Saxicola torquatus complex (Zink et al. 2009). At finch is sister to all other taxa traditionally this stage, however, we are unable to support included in Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Töpfer et al. specific rank for stejnegeri because the position of 2011). Bullfinch is therefore best treated as two the Chinese subspecies przewalskii has not yet been species: determined. The name przewalskii would have • Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula murina (mono- nomenclatural priority over stejnegeri if the two are typic)

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• Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula (polytypic) • Bay-breasted Warbler castanea Eurasian Bullfinch is in Category A of the (. A) British List. • Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca (Cat. A) • Setophaga petechia (Cat. A) Generic arrangement of North American • Chestnut-sided Warbler Setophaga pensylva- wood warblers nica (Cat. A) Molecular phylogenetic studies of mitochondrial • Blackpoll Warbler Setophaga striata (Cat. A) and nuclear DNA sequences have clarified the • Black-throated Blue Warbler Setophaga cae- relationships among the North American wood rulescens warblers (Lovette et al. 2010). These affect both • Palm Warbler Setophaga palmarum the generic position and the taxonomic sequence • Yellow-rumped Warbler Setophaga coronata of the wood warblers recorded in the Western (Cat. A) Palaearctic. We recognize the recently proposed • Black-throated Green Warbler Setophaga name Parkesia for the waterthrushes, which are virens not closely related to Ovenbird (Sangster 2008a, • Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis Lovette et al. 2010). Due to non-monophyly of • Wilson’s Warbler Cardellina pusilla (Cat. A) Vermivora, Tennessee Warbler is placed in Oreo- thlypis. Recognition of Oreothlypis for Tennessee We thank Norman Atkinson, Rob Barrett, Bill Bourne, Warbler, rather than Leiothlypis (Sangster 2008b), Mike Harris, Martin Heubeck, Julian Hough, Peter Ken- follows AOU (Chesser et al. 2010) for practical nerley, Guy Kirwan, Gerard de Kroon, David J. Lauten, Markus Ritz, Magnus Robb, Kees Roselaar, Deryk Shaw, purposes. Due to non-monophyly of Dendroica Sarah Wanless, the Montrose Museum, the National and Wilsonia, and priority of the name Setophaga, Library of Scotland, and the Waterston Library of the all species currently included in Dendroica,as Scottish Ornithologists’ Club for their help. well as Northern Parula (currently Parula ameri- cana) and Hooded Warbler (currently Wilsonia REFERENCES citrina), are placed in Setophaga. Canada Warbler and Wilson’s Warbler are transferred from Wilso- Andersson, M. 1999a. Phylogeny, behaviour, plumage evolu- nia to Cardellina. The correct scientific name of tion and neoteny in skuas Stercorariidae. J. Avian Biol. 30: Blue-winged Warbler is Vermivora cyanoptera (not 205–215. Andersson, M. 1999b. Hybridization and skua phylogeny. Vermivora pinus) (Olson & Reveal 2009). The Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 266: 1579–1585. names and sequence of the species recorded in Anker-Nilssen, T., Jones, P.H. & Røstad, O.W. 1988. Age, the Western Palaearctic become as follows (spe- sex and origins of auks (Alcidae) killed in the Skagerrak cies on the British List are indicated by their oiling incident of January 1981. 11: 28–46. ´ category): Arnaiz-Villena, A., Alvarez-Tejado, M., Ruiz-del-Valle, V., Garcia-de-la-Torre, C., Varela, P., Recio, M.J., Ferre, S. • Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla (Cat. A) & Martinez-Laso, J. 1998. Phylogeny and rapid northern • Louisiana Waterthrush Parkesia motacilla and southern hemisphere speciation of goldfinches during • Northern Waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis the Miocene and epochs. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 54: (Cat. A) 1031–1041. • Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora cyanoptera Bakewell, D.N. & Kennerley, P.R. 2008. Field characteristics and distribution of an overlooked Charadrius plover from • Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera South-East Asia. Birding ASIA 9: 46–57. (Cat. A) Barrett, R.T., Anker-Nilssen, T., Bakken, V., Strøm, H., • Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia (Cat. A) Krasnov, Y.V. & Aarvik, T. 2008. Biometrics as a determi- • Tennessee Warbler Oreothlypis peregrina (Cat. A) nant of the origins of killed in oil spills and other • Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas incidents. Conserv. Int. 18: 229–241. Blechschmidt, K., Peter, H.-U., de Korte, J., Wink, M., Sei- (Cat. A) bold, I. & Helbig, A.J. 1993. Untersuchungen zur molecu- • Hooded Warbler Setophaga citrina (Cat. A) laren Systematik der Raubmo¨wen. Zool. Jb. Syst. 120: • Setophaga ruticilla (Cat. A) 379–387. • Cape May Warbler Setophaga tigrina (Cat. A) Braun, M.J. & Brumfield, R.T. 1998. Enigmatic phylogeny of • Cerulean Warbler Setophaga cerulea skuas: an alternative hypothesis. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 265: 995–999. • Northern Parula Setophaga americana (Cat. A) • Magnolia Warbler Setophaga magnolia (Cat. A)

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