Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 12 April 1971 Port Phillip Bay Survey 2 https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1971.32.02

OCTOCORALLIA

By HUZIO Uiinomi Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, Sirahama, Japan

Abstract

Only 10 octocorals were identified from the samples taken dining the survey of Port Phillip Bay. They include one lelestaccan {Telesto), three aleyonaeeans (Parerythropodium

2 spp and Chondronephthya 1 sp., five gorgonaceans (Mopsella 4 spp. and Mopsea 1 sp.) and one pennatulacean (Virgularia 1 sp.). Unfortunately, no siolonifcran such as Clavularia spp. collected and reported from the earlier survey (llickson, 1840) were Obtained.

Introduction Order Ti list aci.a Family TELESTIDAE Milne Edwards and llaiine, The octocoral fauna around the SE. coast of 1857 Australia is poorly known from classic works published mostly at the end of the 19th century 1. Telesto smithl (Gray, 1869) (e.g. Kolliker 1872, Studcr 1878, 1895, Ridley PI. 7, tig. I.

1884, Wright and Studcr 1889, llickson 1890, Telesto (Alexella) Smithii Gray 186'): 21, fig I Sydney). Kukenthal 1906, 1919, Thomson and Mackin- (Garden Island, Telesto smithl, Ridley, 1884: 334 (Arafura Sea 32 36 non 1911), contrasting with the recent progress fm; Port Molle, Queensland, 12-20 I'm). 137-138 (Port Phillip of studies on the octocorals in tropical shallow Telesto smithl, llickson, L890: Bay). the NE. Great Bar- waters of N. Australia and Telesto smithii, Laackmann, 1909; 84, lig. E; PI. 4, rier Reef area. lig. 5 (Formosa Strait; Port Jackson, Australia). Among these pioneer z.oologists, Hickson MATERIAL: Survey Areas 59 (36), 69 (221). first to examine a collection of ( 1 890) was the Remarks: All the specimens collected at the Zoantharia collected by Pro- Alcyonaria and two stations range from 2 cm to 15 cm in Port Phillip Survey of fessor Spencer in the height and 1-2 mm in diameter. They are detailed de- 1889, and he recorded without mostly erect simple, but sometimes slightly (including two new scriptions 12 alcyonarians furcatcly branched in one plane when fully zoanlharians. species of Clavularia) and three grown. Dirty while to yellowish in colour. Axial Mrs J. Hope Black, At the kind invitation of polyp is about 5 mm long, 1-5 mm wide. Side Port I have examined the octocorals collected in polyps arc cylindrical to clavate, tapering down- Phillip Bay, 1957-63. The specimens are in the wards, 1-4 mm long, 12-1-3 mm wide, and National Museum of Victoria (NMV), and alternately arranged with the interval of 3-7 some of the duplicates are retained in the mm long. museum of the Seto Marine Biological Labora- Order ALCYONACEA tory (SMBL). Family Ai.cyonimmp, Lamouroux, 1812 The present collection consists of Tcleslo (emend. May, 1900) (one species), Parerythropodium (two species), 2. Parerythropodium mcbrannccum Chondronephthya (one species), Mopsella (four (Kukenthal, 1906) species), Mopsea (one species) and Virgularia Fig. I; PI. 7, lig. 2. Alcyonium (Erythropodlum) membranaceum Kuken- (one species), all of which have already been thal, 1906; 52, PI. 1, lig. 3; PI. •>, figs. 42-44 (St Australian coast, some recorded from the SE. Francis Bay, S. Africa, 34"7'3"S, 24°59'3"E, extending down to Antarctica and S. Africa. 100 m). —

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Alcyonium (Erythropodium) membranaceum, Thom- 3. Parerythropodium hicksoni, n. sp. son and Mackinnon, 1911: 665 (11 miles E. of Fig. 2; PI. 7, fig. 3. Broken Bay, N.S.W.). Phillip Alcyonium (Erythropodium) membranaceum, J. St. ? Sympodium verrilli Hickson, 1890: 138 (Port Thomson, 1921: 159 (Mossel Bay Lighthouse, S. Bay). Africa, 10-12 fm; Capt St. Blaize, S. Africa, Material: Survey Area 55 (35). Holotype, 12 fm). Parerythropodium membranaceum, Kiikenthal, 1916: Nat. Mus. Vic. G1545 Area 30 (130). Para- 463 (genus name altered and regrouped). type, Nat. Mus. Vic. G1546 and SMBL-Type Material: Survey Area 55 (144). A num- No. 232. ber of fragments. Description of Holotype: A membranous Remarks: The membranous colony broken colony wholly covering the shell of a living into pieces is uniformly thin, about 0-5 mm in mussel Mytilus planulatus (Lamarck). The thickness and ivory buff in colour. On the upper specimen in alcohol is creamy white, 3 mm surface mound-like calyces into which zooids thick in the middle part of the colony, thinner are withdrawn are very irregularly scattered towards the margin, and the texture is rather with the intervals of 1-5-3 mm. They are soft. The zooidal opening is large, about 1-2- mostly 2 mm across and 1 mm high. 20 mm in diameter, with the smooth marginal The anthocodial spicules are warty slender rim not upheaved as mound. They are uniformly rods or flattened spindles; 09 X 0008, all over the upper surface of the membrane 16 X 002, 018 X 02 (in mm). The with the intervals of 5-0 -8 mm. The zooids coenenchymal spicules are quinqueradiate, cap- are retractile rather deeply into the gastric stan-like or star-shaped, tuberculate bodies; cavity; when fully extended, they may attain 005 X 005, 09 X 005, 09 X009 about 5 mm in length, including contracted ten- (in mm). tacles, of which the dorsum forms curved ridge

A B

Fig. 1- Parerythropodium membranaceum (Kiikenthal), Survey 55 (144). A, anthocodial spicules; B, coenenchymal spicules. OCTOCORALLIA

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The coenenchymal spicules are minute ir- and J mm wide; two or three are grouped regular bodies, capstan-like triradiates or quad- around the branch or at the end of branches. rirudiates, about 0-005-0-1 mm across. Rarely Their outer covering is very finely granulate and occur also tubcrculatc spindles; 05 X 05, provided with eight deep furrows around the 007 X 006, 009 X 09 (in mm). mouth-opening. The characteristic spiculation is already de- Remarks: Hickson (1890) assigned a mem- of polyps and branch cortex illustrated in detail (cf. Utinomi braneous alcyonacean colony with retractile scribed and polyps growing on a piece of alga collected 1960, fig. 5). nephtheid seems to be endemic by an earlier Port Phillip Survey to 'Sympodium This unique to the SE. coast of Australia. vcrrilli' which was originally collected by HMS Challenger, and described by Wright and Order Gorgonacea Studer (1889, p. 271, PI. 42, fig. 12—spi- Suborder Scleraxonia cules only) from the S. of Montevideo, S. Family Melitiiaeidae Gray, 1870 Kiikenthal America, 600 fm. According to Of the octocorallian collections made in the the Challenger specimen is not (1916, p. 455), present survey, the scleraxonian Mopsella is real in his sense probably a Sympodium but dominant, comprising at least four species living a kind of stoloniferan Clavularia. In the modern S. of the Nepean Bay Bar on a sandy or concept of taxonomy, Ehrenberg, Sympodium gravelly bottom adjacent to deep water at 1834 is of the Xeniid alcyonacean a member the entrance to the Bay, and passing into (cf. Kiikenthal 1916, Bayer 1956). The the open sea (Bass Strait). nearest ally, Parerythropodium membranaceum 5. Mopsella aurantia (Esper, 1798) (Kiikth.) mentioned above, has similar coen- Fig. 3; PI. 7, fig. 5. enchymal spicules, but dilTers from it in having Mopsella aurantia (Esper) Vcrrill, 1864: 38 (Synony- smaller mound-like calyces raised over the thin- my: Australia); Kiikenthal, 1919: 161, PI. 36, fig. ally replans ner membrane. Another P. 31, Figs. 75-77 ( Bintang Is., Singapore); Kiiken- (Kiikth.), which was originally described from thal, 1924: 67 (Synonymy); Hickson, 1937: 142, Fig. 18A-C; Stiasny, 1940: 230, Fig. H, PI. 14, Bouvet Island, Antarctica, 470 m and later figs. 36-37 (Malay Arch.); Stiasny, 1951: 30 (New recorded from the coast of New South Wales, Holland). 30-40 fm (Thomson and Mackinnon 1911), Melitella wtlfera (Lamarck), Gray, 1870: 7 (Indian Ocean and Australia). seems to be much different in the structure of Material: Survey Area 58 Portsea spicules and calyces. (293) Pier, intertidal coll. Area 59 (36), Area 61 Family Nephtheidae Gray, 1862 (emend. (37). Utinomi, 1954) Remarks: Represented by many specimens, 4. Chondronephthya fusca (Wright and Studer, either complete or incomplete, ranging from 1889) 10 cm to 15 cm in height where the main stem

PI. 7, fig. 4. exists. Anastomosis is rather frequent. In the Eunephthya fusca Wright and Studer, 1889: 190, PI. main and secondary stems the nodes are mod- figs, (off Jackson, 36, la-b Port Challenger Sta- erately swollen and distinctly shorter than the tion 163 A, 150 fm). Chondronephthya (n. gen.) fusca Utinomi, 1960: 35, slender internodes. Terminal branches are open, Figs. 4-5 (type specimen re-examined and re- generally more slender and gradually taper from named). the main and secondary stems. The polypal 58 Material: Survey Area (293). verrucac, which are abundant on one surface REMARKS: Of live specimens examined, three and sides, are generally smaller than 1 mm are sepia-brown coloured, while two are pale wide and nearly so in height. OCTOCORALLIA 11

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The colour of the cortex and polyps is very Material: Survey area 59 (36), Area 61 variable between separate colonies; dull yellow, (37). peach-red or orange or dull red with the same Remarks: The colony is distinctly flabellate coloured polyps. Some are generally dull orange and dichotomously branched with a sharp angle; to red on the cortex mottled with yellow polyps. the anastomosis is, however, not so frequent The colour of the denuded axis is different as in M. aurantia. The upper stem and branches according to the location and colour of the are somewhat compressed. A complete colony, overlying cortex. In dull yellow or orange photographed in fig. 6 of Plate 7, is 13 cm high colonies, the axis of the main stem is generally and 10 cm wide, and uniformly coloured sul- pink, while the axis of terminal branches is phur yellow. Another colony, 12 cm high and red. dark 9 cm wide, included in the collection is brick- The cortical spicules, as illustrated by both coloured. Comparing with the adjoining bran- Kiikenthal consist foliate clubs and Hickson, of ches, the main stem is short and cylindrical in with three to five flattened folia apically pointed section. The denuded axis is dull red or fawn and a short, often bifurcate, shaft and slightly in the swollen nodes, while white or pale pink larger tuberculate clubs, all yellow to orange. in the furrowed internodes. The calyces scat- 6. Mopsella zimmeri Kiikenthal, 1908 tered on one surface and at sides are longer Fig. 4; PI. 7, fig. 6. than wide (e.g. 09 mm long and 04 mm Mopsella zimmeri Kiikenthal, 1908: 199; Kiikenthal, wide), as compared with those of typical M. 1919: 163, PI. 36, fig. 32 (Sydney, Australia); Kiikenthal, 1924: 68, fig. 50. aurantia (Esper).

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Fig. 4 Mopsella zimmeri Kiikenthal from Port Phillip Survey Area 61 (37). A, foliate clubs from cortex; B, tuberculate spindles rarely found in cortex; C, smooth rods from nodes. OCTOCORALLIA 13

Speculation. The cortex contains roundly they may turn yellowish in the distal part of headed foliate clubs (0047 X 0028, 0033 X the colony with reddish-brown calyces scattered 0028, 0034 X 028, 0075 X 0-028, 09 over the cortex. They are all flabellate with X 07 mm) and sharply ended spindles few anastomoses in the branching. The main (012 X 028, 013 X 018, 2 X 0-028 stem and branches are not distinguishable by mm). their diameter, as most of the branches are Polyp spicules are highly tuberculate spin- relatively narrow (about 15-2 mm wide), and dles (012 X 0028, 013 X 0028, 0-2 X the meshes thus formed are either longitudinally 0028 mm). All are lemon-yellow coloured. elongate or irregularly polygonal, the distal The soft joint (node) of the axis contains trans- parts being freely open. The denuded axis is parent colourless rods (0074 X 01, 09 colourless; the nodes in the larger lower stem X 0011, 015 X 014 mm). are 4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, and the cal- In reviewing the species of the family Meli- careous internodes are 4-5 mm long, 2-2-5 mm 0-8 todidae (= Melithaeidae), Hickson (1937, p. wide. The calyces, approximately mm 143) tentatively admitted Kiikenthal's zimmeri across, are scattered on one surface and the as distinct from Esper's M. aurantia, although sides. of both are closely related to each other. Later Spiculation. The cortex contains spicules is very Stiasny (1940) synonymized the former with the the following three types, each of which colour: latter, using specimens from the Malay Archi- variable in form, size and tuber- pelago. Kiikenthal's key for distinguishing the 1. Bluntly ended spindles are coarsely are somewhat species of Mopsella, especially between M. culated. Of these the larger ones flattened and aurantia and M. zimmeri, as cited by Hickson, swollen at one end and somewhat tapering end, while the seems to be misleading to later workers, since smooth at the other less tuberculated on the sur- the mode of branching is highly variable. Not- smaller ones are This type is withstanding, the shape of cortical spicules as face and truncated at both ends. colour; 06 02, figured herein, as well as the external appear- mostly orange or red in X 002, ance of the colony in respect to the arrangement 007 X 0014, 009 X 0019, 01 X and shape of calyces, convince me that they 0-12 X 018 (in mm). consist of two or three should be retained as separate species. 2. Foliate clubs lancetform leaves (i.e. head) and a finely clavigera Ridley, 1884 7. Mopsella tuberculated, short (often bifurcated, irregu- Fig. 5. larly branched or obsolete) shaft. They are Ridley, 1884: 360, PI. 37, fig. B; Mopsella clavigera or else the head is 111 5-11 uniformly lemon-yellow, PI 38 figs, a-a (Port Curtis, Queensland. fm; Port Molle, 14 fm; Thursday Island, Torres lemon-yellow and the shaft orange; 05 X Straits, 4-6 fm). 018, 05 X 028, 056 X 028 (in mm). f M clavigera, Thomson and MacKinnon. 1911: o/U, N.S.W., 3. Smaller spindles with sharp ends, red, PL 68, fig. 9 (11 miles E. of Broken Bay, 30-40fm). rarely occur. The polyp spicules (D) are all 1911: 49 (Bay of Nanga- ? M. clavigera, Nutting, slender, sharply ended tuberculate spindles, messi, Sumba, up to 36 m; not figured). record); coloured orange; 0-09 0014, 01 014, M. clavigera, Kukenthal, 1919: 160 (no new X X (no new record). Kiikenthal, 1924; 66 , _ 75 03 (in mm). Mann, X t M. clavigera, Dean, 1932: 12, Fig. 2 (Pulo Archipelago). Aru Islands, Malay 8. Mopsella klunzingeri Kukenthal, 1908 1937: 139, Fig. 17 (Murray M. clavigera, Hickson, Fig. 6. Islands, Torres Straits). Mopsella klunzingeri Kukenthal, 1908: 198; Kiiken- (36). Material: Survey Area 59 thal 1910: 100', Fig. 51; Kukenthal, 1919: 167, 1924: 69, Figs. 51-52 Three orange-red colonies refer- PI. 36, fig. 33; Kukenthal, Remarks: (Oyster Harbour near Albany, W. Australia, species were obtained in the same to this 3/4-5/2 m). . able # mnA colony Thorpe, 1928: 518 (and p. 520) area, together with one sulphur-yellow Mopsella klunzinger, and Pelsart Is., Abrolhos Group, W. and one pink colony of M. (Wooded Is. of M. zimmeri, Australia). colonies in klunzingeri described below. The Mopsella klunzingeri, Hickson, 1937: 144 (no new dried alcohol are generally brick-red, but when locality). 14 HUZIO UTINOMI

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Material: Survey Area 59 (36). One speci- the tip and with a short robust shaft, which men. appears to be lemon-yellow. No ovate clubs Remarks: This beautiful specimen obtained as seen in M. ckivigera Ridley occur. The grey- usual rods together with the above-mentioned M. clavigera ish brown nodes contain the smooth swelling in the middle. The seems to be referable to M. klunzingeri, hither- marked with a slight spindles, to recorded only from W. Australia. polypal spicules are sharply ended 0- 1-0-2 whorls The two main branches followed by a short mm long, provided with many pink. lower stem are more or less winding as in of conical warts, Kiikenthal's photograph (later reproduced as Suborder Holaxonia a drawing). As mentioned 'baumartig in einer Family Isididae Lamouroux, 1812 Kiikenthal, is Ebene' by the branching not 9. Mopsea encrinula (Lamarck, 1816) decidedly flattened but assumes roughly a flabel- Mop.sea encrinula (Lm.), Studer, 1878: 665 (NW. late form. The cortex is pink and the calyces, coast of Australia, 50 fm); Wright and Studer, figs. 1-lb; PI. fig. 11 (off E. irregularly scattered over the surface of its 1889: 43, PI. 7, 9, Moncoeur Island, Bass Strait, 38 fm); Thomson branches, are conical in form, as long as wide and Mackinnon, 1911: 674 (11 miles E. of (about 1 mm) and pale pink or whitish. The Broken Bay, N.S.W.) Mopsea encrinula, Kiikenthal, 1919: 620, Figs. 281- denuded internodes are deep red; in section 283; PI. 46, figs. 86-87 (Tasmania); Kiikenthal, the lower stem and branches are round, but 1924: 438, Fig. 207 (synonymy: Australia, 69- somewhat flattened and pointed distally. The 92 m). nodes on which the branches are borne almost Material: Survey Area 59 (36). at right angles are hardly distinguishable from Remarks: Three incomplete feather-like the adjoining internodes. Anastomosis is rare, fragments obtained together may be branches of so that it may not be said to be 'reticulate'. a large complete specimen, 14 cm in height and Spiculation. The cortex contains orange or 5 mm in diameter, with a membraneous base. colourless, 0-0.15 mm long, strongly tubercu- The spirally arranged conical polyps around the late spindles sharply pointed at both ends and stem and branches are snowy white in peculiar foliate clubs which consist of very alcohol, while the underlying calcareous axis broadened round blades strongly indented at alternately articulated with narrow horny joints

B . 1 m m

spindles Fig 6—Mopsella klunzingeri Kiikenthal, Survey Area 59. A. foliate clubs and coarsely tuberculated around and indented apically, from cortex; B, smooth rods with central swelling from nodes; C, anthocodial spindles. 16 HUZIO UTINOMI

Results E. Mjobergs Swedish down to the base is brown. The polyp sculp- Broch, Hj., 1916. of Dr. Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910-1913, turing agrees with previous descriptions of this 11. Alcyonarien. Kngl. Vetenskapsakad. Handl. species. 52 (11): 1-48. Dean, L. M. I., 1932. Alcyonaria. Res. Sci. Voyage Order Pennatulacea aux hides Orientates Need. Mem. roy. Hist. Nat. Suborder Subselliflorae Belg., Hors Serie, 2 (11): 1-24. Gray, J. E., 1869. Descriptions of some new genera Family Virgulariidae Verrill, 1868 and species of Alcyonoid corals in the British 10. Virgularia loveni, Kolliker 1870 Museum. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 4 (3): 21-23. 1758)] , 1870a. Catalogue of sea-pens or Pennatu- lariidae in the collection of the British Museum. PI. 7, fig. 7. London. Virgularia Lovenii Kolliker, 1872: 201, PI. 13, figs. 1870b. Catalogue of Lithopyhtes or stony 121-122 (Port Jackson, N.S.W.); Balss, 1910: corals in the collection of the British Museum. 97 (listed on distributional table). London. Virgularia loweitii (?), Hickson, 1890: 136-137 (Port Hickson, S. J., 1890. Preliminary report on a collec- Phillip Bay); Kiikenthal, 1915: 79. tion of Alcyonaria and Zonantharia from Port Virgularia mirabttis ('.'), Hickson, 1916: 157; Hickson, Phillip. Proc. R. Soc. Vict. 2: 136-140.

1921: 370 (reassigned for the Port Phillip Bay , 1916. The Pennatulacea of the Siboga specimens). Expedition, with a general survey of the order. Siboga-Expeditie, monogr. 14. Material: Area 13 12 specimens; (82) 1921. On some Alcyonaria in the Cam- Area 31 (10) (83) (92) 12 specimens and bridge Museum. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 20 fragments. (3): 366-373. 1937. The family Melitodidae. Trans, zool. Remarks: The virgulariid sea-pen, abun- Soc. Land. 23 (3): 73-212. Kolliker, A., 1869-1872. Anatomisch-syslematische dantly collected from the muddy bottom of the Beschreibung der Alcyonarien. Erste Abtheilung central basin of the bay agrees well with Virgu- Die Pennatuliden. Frankfurt a. M. laria loveni described originally from Port Kukenthal, W., 1906. Alcyonacea. Wiss. Ergebn. deutsch. Tiefsee-Exped. "Valdivia" 1898-1899, Jackson by Kolliker (1870, 1872) and later 13: 1-111.

recorded from Port Phillip by Hickson (1890). , 1910. Alcyonaria. Die Fauna Siidwest- The largest of complete specimens in the pres- Australieits (Michaelsen and Hartmeyer Ed.) 3 (1): 1-108. ent collection measures 43 mm long and 5 mm , 1915. Pennatularia. Das Tierreich, Lief. 43. wide, of which 23 mm is the rhachis; thus the -, 1916. Die Gorgonarien Westindiens, Die

Scleraxonier. Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. 11 : 444- rhachis occupies about 3/5 of the total length. (4) 484. On both sides of the rhachis, elongate leaves, , 1919. Gorgonaria. Systematischer Teil. about 2-2:5 mm long and 1:5 mm high in the Wiss. Ergebn. deutsch. Tiefsee-Exped. "Valdivia" 1898-1899, 13 (2). upper well developed ones, are arranged alter- -, 1924. Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich, Lief. 47. nately. Each of the well-developed leaves in Laackmann, H,. 1909. Zur Kenntnis der Alcyonarien- the distal part is composed of about 30 auto- Galtung Telesto Lmx. Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. 11 (1): 41-104. zooids continuous at the base. It is difficult to Nutting, C. C., 1911. The Gorgonacea of the Siboga trace such a tranvcrsc row of lateral siphono- Expedition. VIII. The Scleraxonia. Siboga-Expe- ditie, r': zooids continuous at the base. It is difficult to monogr. 13b 1-62. Ridley, St. O., 1884. Alcyonaria. Report on the zoo- trace such a transverse row of lateral siphono- logical collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean zooids between the autozooidal leaves as figur- during the voyage of H.M.S. "Alert" 1881-2. London. ed by Kolliker (1872). Hickson (1916: 157, Stiasny, G., 1940. Biological results of the Snellius 1921: considers the Australian species 370) Expedition. 7. Die Gorgonarien-Sammlung der V. loveni as a synonym of V. mirabilis origin- Snellius Expedition. Temminckia 5: 191-256.

, 1951. Alcyonides et gorgonides ally described from the N. Atlantic many years des col- lections du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle ago. (II). 8-Alcyonideset gorgonides d'Australie, Nou- velle-Zelande et Caledonie. Mem. Mus. Nation. References His. Nat., N. S. Zool. 3(1): 29-33. Studf.r, Til, 1878. Uebersicht der Anthozoa Alcy- Balss, H., 1910. Japanische Pennatuliden. Abh. math- onaria, welche wahrend der Rcisc S. M. S. Gazelle phys. Klassc Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 1. Suppl.-Bd. 10 urn die Erde gesammelt wurden. Monatschr. Abh, K. P. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Sitz. Phil.-historisch. BAYER, F. M., 1956. Octocorallia. Treatise on Inver- Klassc, 1878: 632-688. tebrate Paleontology (R. C. Ed.) Moore F166- , 1895. Alcyonarien aus der Sammlung des F231. Naturhistorischen Museums in Liibeck. Milt. —

OCTOCORALLIA 17

Geogr. Ges. Naturh. Mus. Liibeck 2 (7/8): 103- sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to 128. other institutions in exchange, with annotations. Thomson, A. J., and Dean, L. M. I., 1931. The Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. 1: 29-60. Alcyonacea of the Siboga Expedition, with an Wright, E. P., and Studer, Th., 1889. Report on the addendum to the Gorgonacea. Siboga-Expeditie, Alcyonaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during monogr. 13d: 1-227. 1873-76. Rep. Sci. Res. Challenger, Zool. 31 Thomson, J. A., and MacKinnon, D. L., 1911. The (4). alcyonarians of the "Thetis" Expedition. Mem. Plate Aust. Mus. 4: 659-695. 7 Thomson, J. St., 1921. South African Alcyonacea. Fig. 1 Telesto smithi (Gray), branched specimen. Trans, roy. Soc. S. Afr. 9 (2): 149-175. X1.3. Thorpe, L., 1928. Alcyonaria of the Abrolhos Islands, Fig. 2 Parerythropodium membranaceum (Kiiken- Western Australia. J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. thal). XI. 36: 479-531. Fig. 3 Parerythropodium hicksoni, n. sp., holotype Utinomi, H., 1960. A revision of the nomenclature specimen. X1.4. of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Al- Fig. 4 Chondronephthya fusca (Wright and Studer). cyonacea). I. The genera Capnella, Sclerone- XI. phthya and Chondronephthya (n. g.). Pubis. Fig. 5 Mopsella aurantia (Esper). X2/3. Seto mar. biol. Lab. 8 (1): 27-40. Fig. 6 Mopsella zimmeri Kiikenthal. X2/3. Verrill, A. E., 1864. List of the polyps and corals Fig. 7 Virgularia loveni Kolliker. XI. MEM. NAT. MUS. VICT. 32 PLATE 7