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Could Mycolactone Inspire New Potent Analgesics? Perspectives and Pitfalls
toxins Review Could Mycolactone Inspire New Potent Analgesics? Perspectives and Pitfalls 1 2 3, 4, , Marie-Line Reynaert , Denis Dupoiron , Edouard Yeramian y, Laurent Marsollier * y and 1, , Priscille Brodin * y 1 France Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France 2 Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest Paul Papin, 15 rue André Boquel-49055 Angers, France 3 Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Univ. Paris, F-75015 Paris, France 4 Equipe ATIP AVENIR, CRCINA, INSERM, Univ. Nantes, Univ. Angers, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (P.B.) These three authors contribute equally to this work. y Received: 29 June 2019; Accepted: 3 September 2019; Published: 4 September 2019 Abstract: Pain currently represents the most common symptom for which medical attention is sought by patients. The available treatments have limited effectiveness and significant side-effects. In addition, most often, the duration of analgesia is short. Today, the handling of pain remains a major challenge. One promising alternative for the discovery of novel potent analgesics is to take inspiration from Mother Nature; in this context, the detailed investigation of the intriguing analgesia implemented in Buruli ulcer, an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium ulcerans and characterized by painless ulcerative lesions, seems particularly promising. More precisely, in this disease, the painless skin ulcers are caused by mycolactone, a polyketide lactone exotoxin. In fact, mycolactone exerts a wide range of effects on the host, besides being responsible for analgesia, as it has been shown notably to modulate the immune response or to provoke apoptosis. -
DESCRIPTION CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism Of
NDA 20-844/ Topamav Sprinkle Capsules Approved Labeling Text Version: 10/26/98 DESCRIPTION Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide that is intended for use as an antiepileptic drug. TOPAMAX@ (topiramate capsules) Sprinkle Capsules are available as I5 mg, 25 mg and 50mg sprinkle capsules for oral administration as whole capsules or for opening and sprinkling onto soft food. Topiramate is a white crystalline powder with a bitter taste. Topiramate is most soluble in alkaline solutions containing sodium hydroxide or sodium phosphate and hawng a pH of 9 to IO. It is freely soluble in acetone, chloroform, dimethylsulfoxide, and ethanol. The solubility in water is 9.8 mg/mL. Its saturated solution has a pH of 6.3. Topiramate has the molecular formula C,,H,,NO,S and a molecular weight of 339.37. Topiramate is designated chemically as 2,3:4,5-Di-O-isopropylidene-~- D-fructopyranose sulfamate and has the following structural formula: H3C CH3 TOPAMAX” (topiramate capsules) Sprinkle Capsules contain topiramate coated beads in a hard gelatin capsule. The inactive ingredients are: sugar spheres (sucrose and starch), povidone, cellulose acetate, gelatin, silicone dioxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide, and black pharmaceutical ink. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism of Action: The precise mechanism by which topiramate exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown; however, electrophysiological and biochemical studies of the effects of topiramate on cultured neurons have revealed three properties that may contribute to topiramate’s antiepileptic efficacy. First, action potentials elicited repetitively by a sustained depolarization of the neurons are blocked by topiramate in a time-dependent manner, suggestive of a state-dependent sodium channel blocking action. -
CRPT-113Hrpt565-Pt2.Pdf
113TH CONGRESS REPT. 113–565 " ! 2d Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Part 2 IMPROVING REGULATORY TRANSPARENCY FOR NEW MEDICAL THERAPIES ACT SEPTEMBER 19, 2014.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed Mr. GOODLATTE, from the Committee on the Judiciary, submitted the following R E P O R T [To accompany H.R. 4299] [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] The Committee on the Judiciary, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 4299) to amend the Controlled Substances Act with respect to drug scheduling recommendations by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and with respect to registration of manufac- turers and distributors seeking to conduct clinical testing, having considered the same, report favorably thereon with an amendment and recommend that the bill as amended do pass. CONTENTS Page The Amendment ...................................................................................................... 1 Purpose and Summary ............................................................................................ 2 Background and Need for the Legislation ............................................................. 2 Hearings ................................................................................................................... 3 Committee Consideration ........................................................................................ 3 Committee Votes ..................................................................................................... -
Guidance for Industry Postmarketing Safety Reporting for Human Drug and Biological Products Including Vaccines
Guidance for Industry Postmarketing Safety Reporting for Human Drug and Biological Products Including Vaccines DRAFT GUIDANCE This guidance document is being distributed for comment purposes only. Comments and suggestions regarding this draft document should be submitted within 60 days of publication in the Federal Register of the notice announcing the availability of the draft guidance. Submit comments to Dockets Management Branch (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20857. All comments should be identified with the docket number listed in the notice of availability that publishes in the Federal Register. For questions on the content of the draft document contact (CDER) Min Chen, 301-827- 3169 (phone); 301-827-5190 (fax), or (CBER) Miles Braun, 301-827-3974 (phone); 301- 827-3529 (fax). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) March 2001 G:\4177dft.doc Guidance for Industry Postmarketing Safety Reporting for Human Drug and Biological Products Including Vaccines Additional copies are available from: Drug Information Branch (HFD-210) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 (Tel) 301-827-4570 Internet at http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/index.htm or Office of Communication, Training and Manufacturers Assistance (HFM-40) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448 (Fax) 1-888-CBERFAX or 301-827-3844 (Voice Information) 1-800-835-4709 or 301-827-1800 Internet at http://www.fda.gov/cber/guidelines.htm U.S. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,005,660 B2 Tygesen Et Al
USOO9005660B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,005,660 B2 Tygesen et al. (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 14, 2015 (54) IMMEDIATE RELEASE COMPOSITION 4,873,080 A 10, 1989 Bricklet al. RESISTANT TO ABUSEBY INTAKE OF 4,892,742 A 1, 1990 Shah 4,898,733. A 2f1990 DePrince et al. ALCOHOL 5,019,396 A 5/1991 Ayer et al. 5,068,112 A 11/1991 Samejima et al. (75) Inventors: Peter Holm Tygesen, Smoerum (DK); 5,082,655 A 1/1992 Snipes et al. Jan Martin Oevergaard, Frederikssund 5,102,668 A 4, 1992 Eichel et al. 5,213,808 A 5/1993 Bar Shalom et al. (DK); Joakim Oestman, Lomma (SE) 5,266,331 A 11/1993 Oshlack et al. 5,281,420 A 1/1994 Kelmet al. (73) Assignee: Egalet Ltd., London (GB) 5,352.455 A 10, 1994 Robertson 5,411,745 A 5/1995 Oshlack et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,419,917 A 5/1995 Chen et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5,422,123 A 6/1995 Conte et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 473 days. 5,460,826 A 10, 1995 Merrill et al. 5,478,577 A 12/1995 Sackler et al. 5,508,042 A 4/1996 OShlack et al. (21) Appl. No.: 12/701.248 5,520,931 A 5/1996 Persson et al. 5,529,787 A 6/1996 Merrill et al. (22) Filed: Feb. 5, 2010 5,549,912 A 8, 1996 OShlack et al. -
Topiramate (Topamax®)
June 16, 2020; Page 1 of 3 ® Topiramate (Topamax ) Why is this medication prescribed? • To prevent migraine headaches, treat nerve related pain or control certain types of seizures in patients with epilepsy. How should this medication be used? • Topiramate is available as: o a tablet in the following strengths: 25 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg o a sprinkle capsule in the following strengths: 15 mg or 25 mg • It can be taken with or without food, but should be taken with water to reduce the risk of developing kidney stones. • It can be taken either once daily or twice daily depending on the dose. To minimize the development of side effects, topiramate is usually started at a low dose and increased in weekly intervals. Doses should be taken at the same time each day. • Examples of topiramate dosing schedules: Example A Example B Week 1: take 25 mg at bedtime Week 1: take 25 mg at bedtime Week 2: take 50 mg at bedtime Week 2: take 25 mg twice daily Week 3: take 75 mg at bedtime Week 3: take 25 mg in morning, 50 mg at bedtime Week 4: take 100 mg at bedtime Week 4: take 50 mg twice a day • Topiramate is NOT a "pain killer" to be taken whenever pain becomes severe or for managing minor aches and pains. Topiramate should be taken on a consistent basis, according to your doctor's orders to help you control long-term pain. • Do NOT abruptly stop taking topiramate without talking to your doctor. If for some reason topiramate is no longer needed, your doctor will reduce your dose gradually to minimize the potential for seizures. -
Identification of Channels Underlying the M-Like Potassium Current In
Identification of channeis underiying the M-like potassium current in NG108-15 neurobiastoma-giioma ceiis A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of London by Jennifer Kathleen Hadley Department of Pharmacology University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT ProQuest Number: U644085 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U644085 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract NG108-15 cells express a potassium current resembling the IVI-current found in sympathetic ganglia. I contributed to the identification of the channels underlying this NG108-15 current. I used patch-clamp methodology to characterise the kinetics and pharmacology of the M-like current and of three candidate channel genes, all capable of producing “delayed rectifier” currents, expressed in mammalian cells. I studied two Kvi .2 clones: NGK1 (rat Kvi .2) expressed in mouse fibroblasts, and MK2 (mouse brain Kvi .2) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (OHO) cells. Kvi.2 showed relatively positive activation that shifted negatively on repeated activation, some inactivation, block by dendrotoxin and various cations, and activation by niflumic acid. -
Drugs Influencing Cognitive Function
Indian J Physiol Phannacol 1994; 38(4) : 241-251 RE\llEW ARTICLE DRUGS INFLUENCING COGNITIVE FUNCTION ALICE KURUYILLA* AND YASUNDARA DEYI Department ofPharmacology. Christian Medical College. Vellore - 632 002 DRUGS INFLUENCING COGNITIVE FUNCTION cerebrovascular disorders with dementias and reversible dementias. Drugs can inOuence cognitive function in several different ways. The cognitrve enhancers or nootropics Primary degenerative disorders include the have become a major issue in drug development during subgroups senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type the last decade. Nootropics arc defined as drugs that (SDAT), Alzheimer's disease, Picks disease and generally increase neuron metabolic activity, improve Huntington's chorea (4). Alzheimer's disease usually cognitive and ,'igilance level and are said to have occurs in individuals past 70 years old and appears to antidemcntia effect (I). These drugs are essential for be in part genetically determin'd (5). the treatment of geriatric disorders like Alzheimer's which have become one of the major problems socially Pathophysiology oj Alzheimer's disease : and medically. Considerable evidence has been gathered Extensive research in the recent years has made major in the last decade to support the observation that advances in understanding the pathogenesis of children with epilepsy have morc learning difficulties Alzheimer's disease (6). The hallmark lesions of than age matched controls (2, 3). Anti-epileptic drugs Alzheimer's disease are neuritic plaques and are useful in controlling the frequency and duration of neurofibrillary tangles. Two amyloid proteins seizures. These drugs can also be the source of side accumulate in Alzheimer's disease, these arc beta effects including cognitive impairment. -
Guideline for Preoperative Medication Management
Guideline: Preoperative Medication Management Guideline for Preoperative Medication Management Purpose of Guideline: To provide guidance to physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), pharmacists, and nurses regarding medication management in the preoperative setting. Background: Appropriate perioperative medication management is essential to ensure positive surgical outcomes and prevent medication misadventures.1 Results from a prospective analysis of 1,025 patients admitted to a general surgical unit concluded that patients on at least one medication for a chronic disease are 2.7 times more likely to experience surgical complications compared with those not taking any medications. As the aging population requires more medication use and the availability of various nonprescription medications continues to increase, so does the risk of polypharmacy and the need for perioperative medication guidance.2 There are no well-designed trials to support evidence-based recommendations for perioperative medication management; however, general principles and best practice approaches are available. General considerations for perioperative medication management include a thorough medication history, understanding of the medication pharmacokinetics and potential for withdrawal symptoms, understanding the risks associated with the surgical procedure and the risks of medication discontinuation based on the intended indication. Clinical judgement must be exercised, especially if medication pharmacokinetics are not predictable or there are significant risks associated with inappropriate medication withdrawal (eg, tolerance) or continuation (eg, postsurgical infection).2 Clinical Assessment: Prior to instructing the patient on preoperative medication management, completion of a thorough medication history is recommended – including all information on prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, “as needed” medications, vitamins, supplements, and herbal medications. Allergies should also be verified and documented. -
Ehealth DSI [Ehdsi V2.2.2-OR] Ehealth DSI – Master Value Set
MTC eHealth DSI [eHDSI v2.2.2-OR] eHealth DSI – Master Value Set Catalogue Responsible : eHDSI Solution Provider PublishDate : Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 1 of 490 MTC Table of Contents epSOSActiveIngredient 4 epSOSAdministrativeGender 148 epSOSAdverseEventType 149 epSOSAllergenNoDrugs 150 epSOSBloodGroup 155 epSOSBloodPressure 156 epSOSCodeNoMedication 157 epSOSCodeProb 158 epSOSConfidentiality 159 epSOSCountry 160 epSOSDisplayLabel 167 epSOSDocumentCode 170 epSOSDoseForm 171 epSOSHealthcareProfessionalRoles 184 epSOSIllnessesandDisorders 186 epSOSLanguage 448 epSOSMedicalDevices 458 epSOSNullFavor 461 epSOSPackage 462 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 2 of 490 MTC epSOSPersonalRelationship 464 epSOSPregnancyInformation 466 epSOSProcedures 467 epSOSReactionAllergy 470 epSOSResolutionOutcome 472 epSOSRoleClass 473 epSOSRouteofAdministration 474 epSOSSections 477 epSOSSeverity 478 epSOSSocialHistory 479 epSOSStatusCode 480 epSOSSubstitutionCode 481 epSOSTelecomAddress 482 epSOSTimingEvent 483 epSOSUnits 484 epSOSUnknownInformation 487 epSOSVaccine 488 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 3 of 490 MTC epSOSActiveIngredient epSOSActiveIngredient Value Set ID 1.3.6.1.4.1.12559.11.10.1.3.1.42.24 TRANSLATIONS Code System ID Code System Version Concept Code Description (FSN) 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01 A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01 -
Pharmacology/Therapeutics II Block III Lectures 2013-14
Pharmacology/Therapeutics II Block III Lectures 2013‐14 66. Hypothalamic/pituitary Hormones ‐ Rana 67. Estrogens and Progesterone I ‐ Rana 68. Estrogens and Progesterone II ‐ Rana 69. Androgens ‐ Rana 70. Thyroid/Anti‐Thyroid Drugs – Patel 71. Calcium Metabolism – Patel 72. Adrenocorticosterioids and Antagonists – Clipstone 73. Diabetes Drugs I – Clipstone 74. Diabetes Drugs II ‐ Clipstone Pharmacology & Therapeutics Neuroendocrine Pharmacology: Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones, March 20, 2014 Lecture Ajay Rana, Ph.D. Neuroendocrine Pharmacology: Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones Date: Thursday, March 20, 2014-8:30 AM Reading Assignment: Katzung, Chapter 37 Key Concepts and Learning Objectives To review the physiology of neuroendocrine regulation To discuss the use neuroendocrine agents for the treatment of representative neuroendocrine disorders: growth hormone deficiency/excess, infertility, hyperprolactinemia Drugs discussed Growth Hormone Deficiency: . Recombinant hGH . Synthetic GHRH, Recombinant IGF-1 Growth Hormone Excess: . Somatostatin analogue . GH receptor antagonist . Dopamine receptor agonist Infertility and other endocrine related disorders: . Human menopausal and recombinant gonadotropins . GnRH agonists as activators . GnRH agonists as inhibitors . GnRH receptor antagonists Hyperprolactinemia: . Dopamine receptor agonists 1 Pharmacology & Therapeutics Neuroendocrine Pharmacology: Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones, March 20, 2014 Lecture Ajay Rana, Ph.D. 1. Overview of Neuroendocrine Systems The neuroendocrine -
Guidance for Industry
Assessing User Fees Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Amendments of 2017 Guidance for Industry U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) November 2020 User Fees Assessing User Fees Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Amendments of 2017 Guidance for Industry Additional copies are available from: Office of Communications, Division of Drug Information Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration 10001 New Hampshire Ave., Hillandale Bldg., 4th Floor Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002 Phone: 855-543-3784 or 301-796-3400; Fax: 301-431-6353 Email: [email protected] https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/default.htm and/or Office of Communication, Outreach and Development Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 71, Room 3128 Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002 Phone: 800-835-4709 or 240-402-8010 Email: [email protected] https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/guidance-compliance-regulatory-information-biologics/biologics- guidances U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) November 2020 User Fees Contains Nonbinding Recommendations TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................