Colleges of Arts and Sciences
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR . BUREAU OF EDUCATION BUI.F.TiN, 1918, No. 30 RESOURCES AND STANDARDS of COLLEGES OF ARTS AND SCIENCES REPORT OF A COMMITTEE REPRESENTING THE ASSOCIATIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS Prepared by SAMUEL PAUL CAPEN SECRETARY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, . A D DITIONA I. CO 1'1 Es 07 THIS PUDLICATION MAY IIEPROCURED FROM TIIE SUCERINTESDENT OFDOCUMENTS DoVERNMENT PRINTINO OFFICE . WASILINGToN, P.C. AT 10 CENTS COPY CONTENTS. Page. Letter of transmittal 5 Members of the committee on higher educational statistics 7 A critical study of college and university resources 7 Special inquiry to colleges of arts and sciences 8 Subcommittee on definition of college standards 14 Suggested requirements for a successful college of arts andsciences 15 Table 1.Colleges of arts and sciencesPart I: Professorsand instructors . 18 Table 1.Colleges of arts and sciencesPart II: Students,expenditures, and receipts 31 Financial foundation 44 Table..Productive endowment, income, and debt e- 44 Table 3.Income and amount spent for salaries ofcollege teachers 48 Number of departments 51. Table 4.Institutions having.11 specifieddepartmeilor feu-er 52 Size of faculty . 53 Table 5.Nurober of faculty members devoting fulltime to college instruc- tionNumber of college students 54 Separation of college and preparatory department 57 Table 6.Number of faculty members giving parttime to preparatory work.. 58 Advanced degrees of faculty members 59 Table 7.Number of faculty members holdingbachelor's degree, master's degree, and doctor's degree (excluding honorarydegreeli) 60 Table 8.,Number of teaching hours of facultymembers 64 Table 9.Requirements for admission andgraduation 68 Table 10.Expenditures for library andlaboratories 70. Relative size of freshman class 72 Table 11.Faculty, college students, and numberof high-school graduates entering in 1915 73 Table 12.Income and expenditwes foradministration, including handling 77 of institution's funds. 3 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. DEPARTMENT. OF THE BUREAU OF EDUCATION, Washington,,August 17, 1918. Sin-. An accurate and comprehensive study of college standards and resources has been needed for many years.Such a study should help college officers in one part of the country to evaluate credentials presented by students from institutions in other parts.It should assist parents to select wisely the institutions to which they shrill send thc;h: children.Above ail,Ait should enable college authorities to compare their own institutions with others and to strive for the most necessary improvements.In 1915, the Bureau of Education secured the cooperation of a committee representing higher educa- tional associations for the purp so of making such a,study.The results are presented int the accom document, which has been prepared by Dr. S. P. Capen, specialist in higher education in this bureau, who acted as secretary of the committee. 'They are less complete than could be desired, but nevertheless I believe they will accomplish, in a measure, the object in view. The war is likely to bring about considerable changes in colleges anOuniversities.The effects ofit on the financial status and academic policies of many institutions are already marked.As a record of the condition of a majority of the higher institutions of thee country in the period immediately preceding the entry of the United States into the war, in a period which may prove to be the end of an epoch in higher education, the accompanying study is especially timely.I therefore recommend it for putilication as a bulletin of'the Bureau of Education. Respectfully submitted. P. P. CLAXTON, Conimission er. The SEORETARY OF TILE INTERIOR. 5 .RESOITRCES AND STANDARDS COLLEGES OF ARTS AM) SCIENCES, REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON HIGHER EDUCATIONAL StATISTICS. During the year 1914-1.5 the Bureau of Education organized a committee made up of representat k-es of the prinCipal associations dealing with higher education lor the purpose' of discussing the advisability of classifying colleges and univetities on a national scale and, if such classification seemed desirable, suggesting methods of procedure.The rarbers of the committee, and the association represented by each, follow: Prof. WALTER BALLOC JACOBS. Neu, England Association of ('alleges and Secondary Schools. unnnissioner ionic II. FINLEY, Association-of ('alleges grid Preparatory Sfihools of the !Middle States and Maryland. Prof. BERT E. Yotrrcc. Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools of theSouthern States. Prof. II. A. HoLusTEn:North Central Association of Gollcges and Secondary Schools'. Dean R. D. SAitsnunY. Association of American Universities. ('hancellor. SAAUEL AVERY, National Association of State Universities. I)r. N. P. ComELL,mericari Medical Association. President cumu.Es S. Howe, Society for the Prohiotion of Engineering Education. President D. J.4'oNt LINO, Association of American Colleges. The CoNtmisslosEn EntiCATION. Dr. S. P. I'AEEN, specialist in higher education, Ilicreau of Education (secretor.). Several other associations were asked to furnish representativ for this, commit tee but.declined. _The committee met at the Bureau of Education, May 3, 1915, and organiied itself as a permanent committee on higher educational statistic; to cooperate With the Bureau of 14:dueittion in the study of the standards of higher educational institutions. A CRITICAL STUDY OF COLLEGE AND. UNIVERSITY' RESOURCES. The committee considered the a tempts of ttie Bureau. of Educa- tion in 1911 and 1012 to classify Vhe colleges of the country with . relation to the value of the bacor's degree.It concluded that the continuance (SE the classification; on this basis was at the presimt time, and in view of themturcos of -the Bureau of Education, not desirable.In place ()phis it urged the prcksecution of a critical study which should show the resoutces and equipMent and, as fax 7 8 RESOURCES AS! SITANDAR4 OF COLLEGES. As posible, the educational and administrative. and universities. efficiency of colleges Because of the essentialdifferences in equipment, personnel, and standards exhibited by the differenttypes of higher inStitutionsi,i,t, was deemed wise that separate studiesshould be made of colleges ofa "1-ttfand sciences, engineeringschools, schools of agri- culture, schools o mines,, and teachers' colleges.As representing the largest 'class of institutions, and also the onlyones not subje<-(- to the definite test of professionalcompetency, the committee agreed that colleges of arts andscienens should be the first object ofits study. SPECIAL INQUIRY TO COLLEGESOF ARTS AND SCIENCES. The committeewas impressed by thesuccess of the procedure of the North Central Associationof Colleges and Secondary es Schools in lishing a group of categorinsfor recording the administrative _etc't icy and equipment. of institutions.At a meeting of thisasso- ciation held in March,1914, the following 10 categories as significant of collegiate standing: were adopted 1. Number of faculty inindependent charge of classes. 2..Number of faculty with degreeof doctor of philosophy. 3. Number of matriculatedstudents. 4. Number of degrees grantedin course. 5. Number of elementarycourses of instruction actually given. 6. Niimber of advancedcomes. 7. Number of professionalcourses. 8. Expenditiires for salaries. 9. Hours of class instruction required of members of the faculty. IQ. Material etfriipment. The committee tookthese categories as the basis It instructed the chairman for its inquiry. and secretary to-pTpare blanks to be sent to the colleges ofarts and sciences of the Lnited Would seek information State which on these and the followingmatters: (a) Admission requirements. (b) Requirements for degrees. (r) Endowment and income(indebtedness). (d? An analysis ot.the advanced degrees held 110)i mernbers ofthg faculty. (e) The rtumber of students andtintir distribution by classes. (f) The'rutio of courses announced in the catalogueto those actually given. .(g) The annual appropriationsfor laboratories and libraries. The blank prepared bythe chairman and members of the committee secretary was sent to for suggestions andretorted;to various ociation nteotings.As the resultof these efforts, fications wore made. The numerous modi- blank as finally approvedis given below. Itzas issued by thecommittee to the institutions early in 1916. .. V. 4 DEPARTMENTBUREM: OF OF EDVCATION. THE INTERIOR. ft STATISTicS OFCOLLEGE. COLLEGE.AND or ARTS AND UNIVERSITIES, SCIENCES. 1915-16. 410 cntrl7:1 Name ofe Institution.1 .. 1 (Do not Include statistics of other depattments or schools, e. g., engineering, agriculture, graduate school.) nhtl0 Post omce ,State. U2to YearNameLegal in controlof which president (bybachelor's State,' bydegree city,. was py religiousfirst conferred denominit, ion, or n)nsectarian;SIZE OF DIVISIoN. rnCliZ Numberbreaks(By up "division" Inof Intoin students each laboratory ofIs In themeant each five divisions, aoflargest group the five recitationof the studentslargest arrangement divisions lecture meeting shoulddivisions together be reportedfur a, regular as one e xerrase lecture In division a course. and soThus, many if therelal,oratory Is one divisions.) meeting of a chemistry class for lecture and this class then MCIt4>..1 ExactNumber averaprof In each ofall the env five Wens smallestlargest In both laboratory divisions laboratory divisions and nanlalsiratory subject..( If this average can not le given exactly, It should be estimated) .... 0C)..I0'ch chemistry;are taughtEnglish;'Underline bytbiology modern the namessome