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Review of Zakat, Infaq, and Shadaqah As a Similar Terminology

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Review of Zakat, Infaq, and Shadaqah As a Similar Terminology Review of Zakat, Infaq, and Shadaqah as a Similar Terminology M. Aziz Ritonga1 and Erta Mahyudin2 1PhD Student Islamic University of Jakarta Indonesia 2Islamic University of Jakarta Indonesia Keywords: wealth, sharing, empowerment Abstract: One form of obligation in the Islamic context is known as zakat worship which is an important foundation in Islam. Zakat became one of the pillars of Islam which in the Qur'an verses that became commands obligations often combined with the term prayer. Zakat is also believed to be the basis for strengthening the economic base in Islam, because through the practice of zakat by the affluent that is distributed to the less fortunate (dhu'afa, fakir) will be a bridge that brings together between the two. Zakat does not stand alone, because other than that Islam also recognizes the term infaq and shadaqah which contextually have roles and functions similar to the zakat itself. Only, in the way of their implementation of each other has a different 'territory' of applied, but still in the same substance, culminating in the intention: to share the good (especially the matter of wealth) for the benefit of life among fellow human beings. This author considers that among the three terms mentioned in the Qur'an and the hadith of Prophet Muhammad SAW are three things that are in series and have the same depth of meaning. This is the way Allah SWT decreases the obligatory commands for His servants, so that every Muslim has the same opportunity to do good deeds with his possessions, so that the context of sharing is not merely a territory of the possession of the rich. Because they can do the same practice through infaq or shadaqah. 1 INTRODUCTION and the poor can be brought closer. Social jealousy as a result can be eliminated by itself. For it can not be In the Islamic treasury are known three terms denied that one of the fundamental problems in social associated with the context of sharing the possession life is the economic inequality that gave birth to of something from someone who is handed over or various kinds of social problems, such as crime and given to others. The three terms are zakat, infaq, and acts against the law, and other sociocultural vices. shadaqah which then commonly abbreviated as The Qur'an itself mentions the terms of “ZIS”. Muslim societies have been familiar with with zakat, infaq, and shadaqah in verses which are terminology which in the context of Islam is believed repeated textually and contextually. Textual verses to be the foundation that strengthens the economic are as explicitly stated in the Qur'anic verses, whereas building. Referred to as reinforcing the economic the contextual verse in the implicitly quoted verse is foundation because through this ZIS implementation connotative with those three terms. This is in line with 2 pattern it is considered relevant to direct the purpose what Shaykh Mahmud Saltut understands which of the appointment to an order of justice which is the divides the verses of Allâh into two: Kauniah and goal of living together in a crowd (entity) Muslim, Qauliah verses. Verse kauniah is a verse that is because there are themes of mutual help between contextual while qauliyah is the opposite of the people between two different life groups: between the textual. The contextual verse is a sign that Allâh SWT rich and the poor. not only lowered the textual verse (which is written Islam itself is understood as a religion in the holy books), but Allâh also decreases the verses derived by Allah SWT (Dienullah) which regulates of "signs" which He does not write but are implicitly human life's commitment to balance and equilibrium present in real life. In essence Allâh ordered man to in it. Through the pattern of application of zakat, think about the meaning of the verse both from the infaq, and shadaqah (ZIS) the gap between the rich side of qauliyah and from the point of view kauniyah. In the Qur'an for example found the word / phrase 801 Ritonga, M. and Mahyudin, E. Review of Zakat, Infaq, and Shadaqah as a Similar Terminology. DOI: 10.5220/0009917608010808 In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 801-808 ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9 Copyright c 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation aqimish-shalata wa atuz-zakata whose meaning the word zaka contains several meanings such as stands prayer and pay / release zakat. In qauliyah cleaning, growing, and blessing. Etymologically (textual) both (salat and zakat) into two obligations (lughawi, language) zakat means sanctification, that must be done or fulfilled by every Muslim. Two blessing, growing. In the context of Sharia distinct religious obligations are in practice. While terminology, zakat is "worship to Allah in the form of the contextual (kauniyah) term zakat in the verse can giving part of the property that is obliged to the mean another that is not on the theme of paying / rightful according to the provisions of sharia". issuing / adjusting zakah (in relation to release some of the wealth owned for the person entitled to receive Zakat means growing, developing and blessing it can it, mustahiq) but the obligation for the performer of also mean to cleanse or purify, as it becomes the basis prayer (mushallin) to always cleanse his soul and of reference which becomes the command of zakat: body from dishonorable, filthy or vile actions as one "Pick up the zakat of some of their wealth by the of the meanings of zakah is cleansing or purifying. charity you clean and purify them." Zakat in Islamic teachings is believed to be a method in the context of sanctifying the one who According to Islamic law (syara'), zakat is the name performs it because it clears the morality of the culprit for a certain extraction of a certain amount of wealth, and purifies his soul from the stingy nature and the according to certain traits and to be given to a less commendable habits. Zakat also cultivate the particular class. The order of taking zakat from the behavior of the culprit so that he will have the wealthy people's wealth can be seen in the Qur'an: properties of people who are generous and like to do good again clever grateful. “Take alms of their wealth, wherewith thou mayst Zakat, Infaq, and Shadaqah is a sign as well as purify3 them and mayst make them grow4, and pray proof of the attitude of a servant (who became the for them. Lo! thy prayer is an assuagement for them. perpetrator). By zakat, infaq, and shadaqah show that Allah is Hearer, Knower.” (QS At-Taubah 103) one has positioned himself in the true faith and / or truth of faith Islam places zakat as the third pillar after prayer. In Only then, from the theme of zakat, infaq, and the Qur'an, the mention of the theme of zakat is shadaqah it occurs vary in the perspective and always adjacent to the theme of prayer. This indicates understanding of the Muslim community in general, that both have the same meaning as important and the three terms have become part of a different and there is a close relationship in growing the quality of have a place (maqam) each of its own, so the general life of the people. Salat is the most important form of impression which we can catch from the way of worship, while the zakat is the most treasured treasure understanding the community that zakat is different (maaliyah). The harmony between the two is from infaq, and infaq different from shadaqah, and absolutely manifest in order to build a good social shadaqah is not the same with zakat. This is because order, based on the balance of religious and socio- in the formulation of the ZIS there are indeed special economic values. categories that become the basis of justification. The intellectuals and scholars each gave ta'rif according to Zakat functions as a means of self-purification, so context, including especially fiqh scholars who with zakat will cleanse the culprit (muzakki): a) became the reference of the Muslims in carrying out cleanse the souls of people who have excess wealth the zakat commands. from the stinginess, b) cleanse the poor fakir from So it is interesting for this writer to examine the envy, c) clean the community from the seeds of three words in this series that seem to have a common disintegration occur the gap between rich and poor, d) meaning, as well as the similarity in the intent or freeing up the part which belongs to another person purpose of each of the three words / terms zakat, inherent in every treasure; and so forth. Zakat in the infaq, shaqadah that, in its implementation applied sense of growing and developing, the impact of its differently; and also interpreted differently. implementation will develop a harmonious image of life: a) to develop the personality of the person who has the wealth possessions of his moral existence, b) 2 LITERATURE REVIEW to develop a poor personality whose heart is comforted thanks to the closeness of the affluent, c) 2.1 Zakat and multiply the value of wealth as Allâh promises, d) become a social security method in Islam, e) The word zakat derived from Arabic from the root of reduce the occurrence of social inequality. 802 Review of Zakat, Infaq, and Shadaqah as a Similar Terminology 2.2 Infaq the attitude of the faith of the perpetrators. In terminology Shari'ah shadaqah its original meaning is Lactically (etymologically) infaq comes from the root tahqiqu syai'in bisyai'i or set/apply something to .meaning to spend the treasure.
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