Newton Valence, Farringdon and East Tisted Downs
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7C: NEWTON VALENCE, FARRINGDON AND EAST TISTED DOWNS View from eastern fringe of the character area – showing thick treed hedges and small woodland landscape, near Lower Farringdon. Many enclosures are of medieval and Wooded and thick hedgerows and Very quiet small valleys such as a near post medieval origin – hedge banks / undulating landform – typical of much Chalk farm lynchet – Golegih Farm of the landscape There are some sunken lanes Parkland landscape – Newton Valence Estate cottages at East Tisted especially in the southern half of the area on the dip slopes. Hampshire County 1 Status: FINAL May 2012 Integrated Character Assessment Newton Valence Farringdon and East Tisted Downs Hampshire County 2 Status: FINAL May 2012 Integrated Character Assessment Newton Valence Farringdon and East Tisted Downs 1.0 Location and Boundaries 1.1 This character area is located to the south of the Wey Valley between the greensand hangers to the east and the more elevated clay plateau to the west. As such it forms an intermediate elevated downland landscape which forms a transition between the steep slopes of the hangers and the wooded plateau. 1.2 Component County Landscape Types Downland Mosaic Small Scale 1.3 Composition of Borough/District LCAs: East Hampshire District Newton Valence This character area has a broadly similar boundary to the East Hampshire District character area. A notable exception however is the exclusion of Chawton Village which falls within character area 3F to the north. The village was excluded on the basis that it sits on low lying land adjacent to the Lavant Stream (a tributary to the River Wey) and was therefore considered to relate to the valley landscape. Chawton House and parkland however is located on rising land to the south of the village and is included within this character area. 1.4 Associations with NCAs and Natural Areas: NCA 130: Hampshire Downs NA 78: Hampshire Downs 2.0 Key Characteristics Gently rolling chalk landscape comprising rounded knolls and ridges, and dry chalk valleys. Drift deposits of clay with flints cap the highest ridges and hills and become a more continuous deposit in the west. Areas of heavy clay soils support woodland blocks, many of which are ancient. Land use comprises a matrix of pasture and arable with notable areas of beech hanger woodland which is of nature conservation importance. Enclosure patterns reflect mainly 15th to 17th century enclosure resulting in small scale wavy field patterns and areas of more recent field amalgamation with former drove routes and open field boundaries still evident often associated with sunken lanes and thick banked hedgerows. Nucleated villages located in sheltered lower lying areas reflect former medieval manorial systems surrounded by open fields. Hampshire County 3 Status: FINAL May 2012 Integrated Character Assessment Newton Valence Farringdon and East Tisted Downs Former deer parks and designed parks of the 18th and 19th centuries exert parkland character in some places e.g. Newton Valence, Chawton, Pelham Place and Rotherfield Park. 3.0 Physical Characteristics and Land Use 3.1 Solid geology comprises Middle and Lower Chalk which is overlain with patches of clay-with-flints giving rise to heavy clay soils particularly in the west and a more typical chalk downland character in the east where the chalk geology forms smooth rounded ridges/knolls e.g. Goleigh Farm (220m AOD), Selborne Hill (210m AOD) and Noar Hill (210m AOD). Between these hills are a series of sinuous dry valleys with calcareous fine silty soils. Overall this landscape is gently rolling agricultural land of medium quality. 3.2 The geology and soils in this landscape give rise to a mosaic of downland farmland (arable and pasture) and woodland. The heavy clay soils and drift deposits support considerable areas of woodland much of which is ancient e.g. Ian Down Copse and Goleigh Wood, as well as numerous field copses and game coverts. Between these areas of woodland are medium to small scaled field enclosures supporting both pasture and arable cultivation divided by hedgerows. In the northern part of this character area the landscape is strongly influenced by the designed parkland of Chawton House and in the southwest by Rotherfield Park, with associated field trees and veteran trees. 3.3 The area falls within the Environment Agency Wey Addlestone Bourne catchment area. Although the area does not contain any major watercourses (the river valleys form dry chalk valleys or winterbournes) this area is hydrologically important as part of a wider chalk aquifer. 4.0 Experiential/Perceptual Characteristics 4.1 The wooded nature of this landscape gives rise to an enclosed and inward looking landscape. This is relieved in the eastern parts of the area where elevated knolls provide occasional extensive long distance views eastwards over the hangers. The blocks of woodland and smooth rounded landform provide visual contrast and interest. 4.2 There is a moderate concentration of public rights of way and bridle paths providing easy access which is fairly dense and extensive compared with other downland landscapes. The Hangers Way long distance route extends into the eastern part of this character area south of Selborne Hill and the dismantled railway line from Alton is partly used by St Swithun’s Way in the north of this character area. Selboure Hill is a registered common providing open access which is popular for recreation. 4.3 This is a rural and tranquil landscape with low noise levels and a relatively low population density. Tranquillity is reduced adjacent to the A31. Pylons pass through the area between East Tisted and Upper Farringdon. 5.0 Biodiversity Character 5.1 This is an arable landscape with large patches of improved grassland occurring most frequently in the east. The area supports a significant proportion of the internationally designated habitat: the East Hampshire Hangers SAC which represent Hampshire County 4 Status: FINAL May 2012 Integrated Character Assessment Newton Valence Farringdon and East Tisted Downs beech forests in south-east England and is extremely rich in terms of vascular plants. The site is ecologically similar to sites selected in the Welsh Borders, despite its geographic location. The area covered by the SAC in this character area is also designated the Selborne Common SSSI and is located on the north-east facing chalk scarp overlooking the western limits of the Weald. It consists of beech-dominated woodland on a steep east-facing chalk slope, grading to a more mixed plateau woodland with relict open acid grassland on clay-with-flints. The age structure of the beech hanger is varied but old generations are notably absent. The well developed ground flora is species-rich. The hangers also contain the largest known population in Hampshire of the rare moss Mnium stellare. 5.2 Woodland is a significant habitat throughout the area, occurring as strips around fields and as small to large patches. Woodland types include broadleaved woodland (which dominates), small strips of mixed woodland, active coppice with standards occurring as strips in the north of the area and mixed plantation, a large patch of which occurs at Goleigh Woods. Forestry scrub is associated with woodland in places and often occurs in a mosaic with woodland types and there are some small patches of coniferous woodland. Gardens and unimproved grasslands provide further habitat. Ancient and semi-natural woodland is limited in this landscape but is most prevalent on the east of the area, associated with the hanger woodlands which extend eastwards into LCA 5B. 5.3 Parts of the east of the area are covered by the East Hampshire Hangers BOA. This BOA covers the steep chalk scarps, their associated woodland and ground flora. 5.4 There are less than 20 SINCs designated in this landscape character area, almost exclusively designated for the ancient and semi-natural woodland resource which they represent. 6.0 Historic Character 6.1 Archaeology 6.1.1 There is no Mesolithic evidence currently recorded in this character area, which lies to the south and west of known concentrations of Mesolithic evidence. 6.1.2 In the Neolithic period it would appear that this landscape was not settled, and may have been exploited less intensively and more extensively, such as by herding. Although there are some artefacts of Neolithic date there are only a limited number of Bronze Age burial mounds which support the theory of less intensive use of the area. Likewise there is no evidence of Iron Age settlement and only a limited number of Iron Age finds. 6.1.3 Similarly in the Roman period there is no evidence of settlement or sites, and this area appears to not be evolving as a landscape even as late as the Roman period. 6.1.4 In general this seems to be an area which was not intensively used through the prehistoric or the Roman period, but which may well have been exploited for herding, grazing and hunting. It is possible that the Wey valley to the north acted as a communications corridor to places further afield and as a result this landscape was by-passed and remained somewhat overlooked. Hampshire County 5 Status: FINAL May 2012 Integrated Character Assessment Newton Valence Farringdon and East Tisted Downs 6.2 Historic Landscape 6.2.1 From the Anglo-Saxon period and into the medieval period, evidence for settlement and exploitation becomes more evident with the establishment of settlement and a sheep-corn husbandry system. Throughout the medieval period, communal sheep flocks pastured on the downs during the day, and were brought down onto the arable land at night to provide valuable manure. Much of today’s field pattern dates from the later medieval and early post-medieval periods (15th-17th centuries) when the open fields which surrounded the medieval settlements, such as Upper and Lower Farringdon, were enclosed.