DOCSLIB.ORG

Ultrasparc T1™ Supplement to the Ultrasparc Architecture 2005

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ultrasparc T1™ Supplement to the Ultrasparc Architecture 2005 UltraSPARC T1™ Supplement to the UltraSPARC Architecture 2005 Draft D2.1, 14 May 2007 Privilege Levels: Hyperprivileged, Privileged, and Nonprivileged Distribution: Public Sun Microsystems, Inc. 4150 Network Circle Santa Clara, CA 95054 U.S.A. 650-960-1300 Part No.No: 8xx-xxxx-xx819-3404-05 ReleaseRevision: 1.0, Draft 2002 D2.1, 14 May 2007 ii UltraSPARC T1 Supplement • Draft D2.1, 14 May 2007 Copyright 2002-2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle • Santa Clara, CA 950540 USA. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. For Netscape Communicator™, the following notice applies: Copyright 1995 Netscape Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Solaris, and VIS are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc The OPEN LOOK and Sun™ Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry. Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun’s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun’s written license agreements. RESTRICTED RIGHTS: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52.227-14(g)(2)(6/87) and FAR 52.227-19(6/87), or DFAR 252.227-7015(b)(6/95) and DFAR 227.7202-3(a). DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON- INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID. Copyright 2002–2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle • Santa Clara, CA 950540 Etats-Unis. Tous droits réservés. Des parties de ce document est protégé par un copyright 1994 SPARC International, Inc. Ce produit ou document est protégé par un copyright et distribué avec des licences qui en restreignent l’utilisation, la copie, la distribution, et la décompilation. Aucune partie de ce produit ou document ne peut être reproduite sous aucune forme, par quelque moyen que ce soit, sans l’autorisation préalable et écrite de Sun et de ses bailleurs de licence, s’il y en a. Le logiciel détenu par des tiers, et qui comprend la technologie relative aux polices de caractères, est protégé par un copyright et licencié par des fournisseurs de Sun. Sun, Sun Microsystems, le logo Sun, Solaris, et VIS sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées, ou marques de service, de Sun Microsystems, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays. Toutes les marques SPARC sont utilisées sous licence et sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées de SPARC International, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays. Les produits portant les marques SPARC sont basés sur une architecture développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc. L’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et Sun™ a été développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc. pour ses utilisateurs et licenciés. Sun reconnaît les efforts de pionniers de Xerox pour la recherche et le développement du concept des interfaces d’utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l’industrie de l’informatique. Sun détient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l’interface d’utilisation graphique Xerox, cette licence couvrant également les licenciés de Sun qui mettent en place l’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences écrites de Sun. CETTE PUBLICATION EST FOURNIE "EN L’ETAT" ET AUCUNE GARANTIE, EXPRESSE OU IMPLICITE, N’EST ACCORDEE, Y COMPRIS DES GARANTIES CONCERNANT LA VALEUR MARCHANDE, L’APTITUDE DE LA PUBLICATION A REPONDRE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE, OU LE FAIT QU’ELLE NE SOIT PAS CONTREFAISANTE DE PRODUIT DE TIERS. CE DENI DE GARANTIE NE S’APPLIQUERAIT PAS, DANS LA MESURE OU IL SERAIT TENU JURIDIQUEMENT NUL ET NON AVENU. Comments and "bug reports” regarding this document are welcome; they should be submitted to email address: [email protected] iv UltraSPARC T1 Supplement • Draft D2.1, 14 May 2007 Contents Preface. .xv 1 UltraSPARC T1 Basics . 1 1.1 Background. 1 1.2 UltraSPARC T1 Overview. 3 1.3 [I can’t fix these, because it’s an imported diagram. A tool I don’t have might work. I tried “whiting” them out, unsuccessfully as you see.]UltraSPARC T1 Components4 1.3.1 SPARC Physical Core . 5 1.3.2 Floating-Point Unit (FPU) . 6 1.3.3 L2 Cache. 6 1.3.4 DRAM Controller . 6 1.3.5 IOB Unit . 6 1.3.6 JBUS Interface (JBI) . 7 1.3.7 SSI ROM Interface. 7 2 Data Formats . 9 3 Registers. 11 3.1 Ancillary State Registers (ASRs) . 11 3.1.1 TICK Register. 11 3.1.2 General Status Register (GSR) . 11 3.1.3 Software Interrupt Register (SOFTINT) . 12 3.1.4 Tick Compare Register (TICK_CMPR) . 12 3.1.5 System Tick Register (STICK) . 12 3.1.6 System Tick Compare Register (STICK_CMPR) . 13 3.1.7 PCR and PIC Registers. 13 3.2 PR State Registers . 13 3.2.1 Trap State (TSTATE) . 13 3.2.2 Processor State Register (PSTATE) . 13 3.2.3 Trap Level Register (TL) . 14 v 3.2.4 Global Level Register (GL) . 14 3.3 Floating-Point State Register (FSR) . 14 3.4 Hyperprivileged Registers . 14 3.4.1 Hyperprivileged Processor State Register (HPSTATE) . 15 3.4.2 Hyperprivileged Trap State Register (HSTATE) . 15 3.4.3 Hyperprivileged Interrupt Pending Register (HINTP) . 15 3.4.4 Hyperprivileged Trap Base Address Register (HTBA). 16 3.4.5 Hyperprivileged Version Register (HVER) . 16 3.4.6 Hyperprivileged System Tick Compare Register (HSTICK) . 16 3.4.7 Strand Status Register . 16 4 Instruction Set Overview . 19 4.1 State Register Access. 19 4.2 Floating-Point Operate (FPop) Instructions. 19 4.3 Reserved Opcodes and Instruction Fields . 20 4.4 Register Window Management . 20 5 Instruction Definitions . 21 5.1 Instruction Set Summary . 21 5.2 Prefetch and Prefetch from Alternate Space . 24 5.3 Trap on Integer Condition Codes (Tcc). 24 5.4 VIS Instructions . 24 5.5 Partitioned Add/Subtract Instructions . 25 5.6 Align Data . 25 5.7 F Register Logical Operate Instructions . 25 5.8 Block Load and Store Instructions. 26 6 Traps. .39 6.1 Trap Levels . 39 6.2 Traps to Hyperprivileged Mode . 39 6.3 Implementation-Dependent Exceptions. 40 6.4 Trap Behavior. 41 6.5 Trap Masking . 41 7 Interrupt Handling . 43 7.1 Overview . 43 7.2 Interrupt Flow . 44 7.2.1 Initialization . 44 7.2.2 Servicing . 44 7.2.3 Sources . 45 7.2.4 States . 45 7.2.5 Prioritizing. 46 vi UltraSPARC T1 Supplement • Draft D2.1, 14 May 2007 7.2.6 Dispatching . 46 7.3 IOB Interrupt Registers . 46 7.3.1 Interrupt Management Registers . 47 7.3.2 Interrupt/Trap Vector Dispatch Register. 49 7.3.3 JBUS Mondo Data Tables . 49 7.3.4 Mondo Interrupt Busy Table . 51 7.4 CPU Interrupt Registers . 51 7.4.1 Interrupt Receive Register . ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ultrasparc Iii
    UltraSparc IIi Kevin Normoyle and the Sabre cats One size doesn’t fit all SPARC chip technology available in three broad product categories: • S-Series (servers, highest performance) • I-Series (price/performance, ease-of-use) • E-Series (lowest cost) Tired: Marginal micro-optimizations Wired: Interfaces and integration. 2 of 26 Desktop/High end embedded system issues • Ease of design-in • Low-cost • Simple motherboard designs • Power • Higher performance graphics interfaces • Low latency to memory and I/O • Upgrades • The J word 3 of 26 UltraSPARC-IIi System Example Module 72-bit DIMM 72-bit DIMM SRAM SRAM UltraSPARC IIi SRAM 75MHz/72-bit XCVRs clocks 100MHz/64-bit 66 or 33 MHz UPA64S 32-bit device 3.3v example: Creator3D graphics APB Advanced PCI Bridge (optional) 33MHz/32-bit 33MHz/32-bit Can use PC-style SUPERIO chips 5v/3.3v 5v/3.3v (boot addressing / INT_ACK features) 4 of 26 Highlights • TI Epic4 GS2, 5-layer CMOS, 2.6v core, 3.3v I/O. • Sun’s Visual Instruction Set - VIS(TM) - 2-D, 3-D graphics, image processing, real-time compression/decompression, video effects - block loads and stores (64-byte blocks) sustain 300 MByte/s to/from main memory, with arbitrary src/dest alignment • Four-way superscalar instruction issue - 6 pipes: 2 integer, 2 fp/graphics, 1 load/store, 1 branch • High bandwidth / Low latency interfaces - Synchronous, external L2 cache, 0.25MB - 2MB - 8-byte (+parity) data bus to L2 cache (1.2 GByte/s sustained) - 8-byte (+ECC) data bus to DRAM XCVRs (400 MByte/s sustained) or UPA64S (800 Mbyte/s sustained) - 4-byte PCI/66 interface.
    [Show full text]
  • Sun Fire E2900 Server
    Sun FireTM E2900 Server Just the Facts February 2005 SunWin token 401325 Sun Confidential – Internal Use Only Just The Facts Sun Fire E2900 Server Copyrights ©2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Sun Fire, Netra, Ultra, UltraComputing, Sun Enterprise, Sun Enterprise Ultra, Starfire, Solaris, Sun WebServer, OpenBoot, Solaris Web Start Wizards, Solstice, Solstice AdminSuite, Solaris Management Console, SEAM, SunScreen, Solstice DiskSuite, Solstice Backup, Sun StorEdge, Sun StorEdge LibMON, Solstice Site Manager, Solstice Domain Manager, Solaris Resource Manager, ShowMe, ShowMe How, SunVTS, Solstice Enterprise Agents, Solstice Enterprise Manager, Java, ShowMe TV, Solstice TMNscript, SunLink, Solstice SunNet Manager, Solstice Cooperative Consoles, Solstice TMNscript Toolkit, Solstice TMNscript Runtime, SunScreen EFS, PGX, PGX32, SunSpectrum, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Silver, SunSpectrum Bronze, SunStart, SunVIP, SunSolve, and SunSolve EarlyNotifier are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. All other product or service names mentioned
    [Show full text]
  • Sun Ultratm 5 Workstation Just the Facts
    Sun UltraTM 5 Workstation Just the Facts Copyrights 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Ultra, PGX, PGX24, Solaris, Sun Enterprise, SunClient, UltraComputing, Catalyst, SunPCi, OpenWindows, PGX32, VIS, Java, JDK, XGL, XIL, Java 3D, SunVTS, ShowMe, ShowMe TV, SunForum, Java WorkShop, Java Studio, AnswerBook, AnswerBook2, Sun Enterprise SyMON, Solstice, Solstice AutoClient, ShowMe How, SunCD, SunCD 2Plus, Sun StorEdge, SunButtons, SunDials, SunMicrophone, SunFDDI, SunLink, SunHSI, SunATM, SLC, ELC, IPC, IPX, SunSpectrum, JavaStation, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Silver, SunSpectrum Bronze, SunVIP, SunSolve, and SunSolve EarlyNotifier are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. OpenGL is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc. Display PostScript and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions. Netscape is a trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation. DLT is claimed as a trademark of Quantum Corporation in the United States and other countries. Just the Facts May 1999 Positioning The Sun UltraTM 5 Workstation Figure 1. The Ultra 5 workstation The Sun UltraTM 5 workstation is an entry-level workstation based upon the 333- and 360-MHz UltraSPARCTM-IIi processors. The Ultra 5 is Sun’s lowest-priced workstation, designed to meet the needs of price-sensitive and volume-purchase customers in the personal workstation market without sacrificing performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Oracle® Developer Studio 12.6
    ® Oracle Developer Studio 12.6: C++ User's Guide Part No: E77789 July 2017 Oracle Developer Studio 12.6: C++ User's Guide Part No: E77789 Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Interactive Performance of SLIM: a Stateless, Thin-Client Architecture ✽ ✽ ✝ Brian K
    17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP’99) Published as Operating Systems Review, 34(5):32–47, December 1999 The interactive performance of SLIM: a stateless, thin-client architecture ✽ ✽ ✝ Brian K. Schmidt , Monica S. Lam , J. Duane Northcutt ✽ Computer Science Department, Stanford University {bks, lam}@cs.stanford.edu ✝ Sun Microsystems Laboratories [email protected] Abstract 1 Introduction Taking the concept of thin clients to the limit, this paper Since the mid 1980’s, the computing environments of proposes that desktop machines should just be simple, many institutions have moved from large mainframe, stateless I/O devices (display, keyboard, mouse, etc.) that time-sharing systems to distributed networks of desktop access a shared pool of computational resources over a machines. This trend was motivated by the need to provide dedicated interconnection fabric — much in the same way everyone with a bit-mapped display, and it was made as a building’s telephone services are accessed by a possible by the widespread availability of collection of handset devices. The stateless desktop design high-performance workstations. However, the desktop provides a useful mobility model in which users can computing model is not without its problems, many of transparently resume their work on any desktop console. which were raised by the original UNIX designers[14]: This paper examines the fundamental premise in this “Because each workstation has private data, each system design that modern, off-the-shelf interconnection must be administered separately; maintenance is technology can support the quality-of-service required by difficult to centralize. The machines are replaced today’s graphical and multimedia applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Freescale E200z6 Powerpc Core Reference Manual
    e200z6RM 6/2004 Rev. 0 e200z6 PowerPC™ Core Reference Manual Contents SectionParagraph Page Number Title Number ChapterContents 1 e200z6 Overview 1.1 Overview of the e200z6....................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 Features............................................................................................................ 1-3 1.2 Programming Model ............................................................................................ 1-4 1.2.1 Register Set...................................................................................................... 1-4 1.3 Instruction Set ...................................................................................................... 1-6 1.4 Interrupts and Exception Handling ...................................................................... 1-7 1.4.1 Exception Handling ......................................................................................... 1-8 1.4.2 Interrupt Classes .............................................................................................. 1-8 1.4.3 Interrupt Types................................................................................................. 1-9 1.4.4 Interrupt Registers............................................................................................ 1-9 1.5 Microarchitecture Summary .............................................................................. 1-12 1.5.1 Instruction Unit Features ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Just the Facts Sunwin Token #333632
    Sun FireTM V480 Server Just the Facts SunWIN token #333632 September 2002 Version 2.7 Notice: This document continues to be restricted to internal usage only because of references to internal web pages. With the removal of these references, selected sections of the document may be provided to customers and/or selling channels as required. Competitive information and relative positioning should always remain as internal documentation only. Copyrights ©2000, 2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Sun Fire, Ultra, UltraComputing, Sun Enterprise, Sun Enterprise Ultra, Starfire, Solaris, Sun WebServer, OpenBoot, Solaris Web Start Wizards, Solstice, Solstice AdminSuite, Solaris Management Console, Sun Enterprise Authentication Mechanism, SunScreen, Solstice DiskSuite, Sun StorEdge, Sun StorEdge LibMON, Solstice Site Manager, Solstice Domain Manager, Solaris Resource Manager, ShowMe, ShowMe How, SunVTS, Solstice Enterprise Agents, Solstice Enterprise Manager, Java, ShowMe TV, Solstice TMNscript, SunLink, Solstice SunNet Manager, Solstice Cooperative Consoles, Solstice TMNscript Toolkit, Solstice TMNscript Runtime, SunScreen EFS, PGX, PGX32, SunSpectrum, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Silver, SunSpectrum Bronze, SunStart, SunVIP, SunSolve, and SunSolve EarlyNotifier are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. Microsoft, Netware, Macintosh, Lotus, Oracle, Sybase, Intel, Veritas, Windows, Linux, HP-UX and AIX are the respective trademarks of their owners. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Sun Ultratm 2 Workstation Just the Facts
    Sun UltraTM 2 Workstation Just the Facts Copyrights 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun Logo, Ultra, SunFastEthernet, Sun Enterprise, TurboGX, TurboGXplus, Solaris, VIS, SunATM, SunCD, XIL, XGL, Java, Java 3D, JDK, S24, OpenWindows, Sun StorEdge, SunISDN, SunSwift, SunTRI/S, SunHSI/S, SunFastEthernet, SunFDDI, SunPC, NFS, SunVideo, SunButtons SunDials, UltraServer, IPX, IPC, SLC, ELC, Sun-3, Sun386i, SunSpectrum, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Silver, SunSpectrum Bronze, SunVIP, SunSolve, and SunSolve EarlyNotifier are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. OpenGL is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Display PostScript and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Incorporated. DLT is claimed as a trademark of Quantum Corporation in the United States and other countries. Just the Facts May 1999 Sun Ultra 2 Workstation Figure 1. The Sun UltraTM 2 workstation Sun Ultra 2 Workstation Scalable Computing Power for the Desktop Sun UltraTM 2 workstations are designed for the technical users who require high performance and multiprocessing (MP) capability. The Sun UltraTM 2 desktop series combines the power of multiprocessing with high-bandwidth networking, high-performance graphics, and exceptional application performance in a compact desktop package. Users of MP-ready and multithreaded applications will benefit greatly from the performance of the Sun Ultra 2 dual-processor capability.
    [Show full text]
  • CS3210: Booting and X86
    1 CS3210: Booting and x86 Taesoo Kim 2 What is an operating system? • e.g. OSX, Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, etc. • What does an OS do for you? • Abstract the hardware for convenience and portability • Multiplex the hardware among multiple applications • Isolate applications to contain bugs • Allow sharing among applications 3 Example: Intel i386 4 Example: IBM T42 5 Abstract model (Wikipedia) 6 Abstract model: CPU, Memory, and I/O • CPU: execute instruction, IP → next IP • Memory: read/write, address → data • I/O: talk to external world, memory-mapped I/O or port I/O I/O: input and output, IP: instruction pointer 7 Today: Bootstrapping • CPU → what's first instruction? • Memory → what's initial code/data? • I/O → whom to talk to? 8 What happens after power on? • High-level: Firmware → Bootloader → OS kernel • e.g., jos: BIOS → boot/* → kern/* • e.g., xv6: BIOS → bootblock → kernel • e.g., Linux: BIOS/UEFI → LILO/GRUB/syslinux → vmlinuz • Why three steps? • What are the handover protocols? 9 BIOS: Basic Input/Output System • QEMU uses an opensource BIOS, called SeaBIOS • e.g., try to run, qemu (with no arguments) 10 From power-on to BIOS in x86 (miniboot) • Set IP → 4GB - 16B (0xfffffff0) • e.g., 80286: 1MB - 16B (0xffff0) • e.g., SPARCS v8: 0x00 (reset vector) DEMO : x86 initial state on QEMU 11 The first instruction • To understand, we first need to understand: 1. x86 state (e.g., registers) 2. Memory referencing model (e.g,. segmentation) 3. BIOS features (e.g., memory aliasing) (gdb) x/1i 0xfffffff0 0xfffffff0: ljmp $0xf000,$0xe05b 12 x86
    [Show full text]
  • Sun Enterprisetm 220R Server Just the Facts
    Sun EnterpriseTM 220R Server Just the Facts Copyrights 1998, 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Sun Enterprise, Ultra, UltraComputing, Sun Enterprise Ultra, Starfire, Solaris, Solstice, Sun Enterprise SyMON, Sun WebServer, IPX, NFS, VIS, Sun StorEdge, OpenBoot, Solaris Web Start Wizards, Solstice AdminSuite, Solaris Management Console, Sun Enterprise Authentication Mechanism, SunScreen, Solstice DiskSuite, Solstice Backup, Sun StorEdge LibMON, Solstice Site Manager, Solstice Domain Manager, Solaris Resource Manager, ShowMe How, Solstice Enterprise Manager, Solstice Enterprise Agents, ShowMe TV, Java, SunLink, Solstice SunNet Manager, SunScreen EFS, Solstice Cooperative Consoles, Solstice TMNscript, Solstice TMNscript Runtime, SunCD, SunVTS, SunSpectrum, SunSwift, SunFastEthernet, SunFDDI, SunTRI/P, SunHSI/P, PGX, PGX32, SunATM, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Silver, SunSpectrum Bronze, SunStart, SunVIP, SunSolve, and SunSolve EarlyNotifier are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and in other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Just the Facts November 1999 Positioning Figure 1. Sun EnterpriseTM 220R System Exceptional Processing Power in a Compact Footprint The Sun EnterpriseTM 220R server is the latest member of Sun’s powerful line of servers for enterprise network computing based on the UltraSPARCTM processor technology. This next-generation workgroup server brings multiprocessing power, UltraSCSI disks, and the industry-standard peripheral component interconnect (PCI) I/O bus to a highly modular, rack-optimized 4RU (rack unit) design.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamic Helper Threaded Prefetching on the Sun Ultrasparc® CMP Processor
    Dynamic Helper Threaded Prefetching on the Sun UltraSPARC® CMP Processor Jiwei Lu, Abhinav Das, Wei-Chung Hsu Khoa Nguyen, Santosh G. Abraham Department of Computer Science and Engineering Scalable Systems Group University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Sun Microsystems Inc. {jiwei,adas,hsu}@cs.umn.edu {khoa.nguyen,santosh.abraham}@sun.com Abstract [26], [28], the processor checkpoints the architectural state and continues speculative execution that Data prefetching via helper threading has been prefetches subsequent misses in the shadow of the extensively investigated on Simultaneous Multi- initial triggering missing load. When the initial load Threading (SMT) or Virtual Multi-Threading (VMT) arrives, the processor resumes execution from the architectures. Although reportedly large cache checkpointed state. In software pre-execution (also latency can be hidden by helper threads at runtime, referred to as helper threads or software scouting) [2], most techniques rely on hardware support to reduce [4], [7], [10], [14], [24], [29], [35], a distilled version context switch overhead between the main thread and of the forward slice starting from the missing load is helper thread as well as rely on static profile feedback executed, minimizing the utilization of execution to construct the help thread code. This paper develops resources. Helper threads utilizing run-time a new solution by exploiting helper threaded pre- compilation techniques may also be effectively fetching through dynamic optimization on the latest deployed on processors that do not have the necessary UltraSPARC Chip-Multiprocessing (CMP) processor. hardware support for hardware scouting (such as Our experiments show that by utilizing the otherwise checkpointing and resuming regular execution). idle processor core, a single user-level helper thread Initial research on software helper threads is sufficient to improve the runtime performance of the developed the underlying run-time compiler main thread without triggering multiple thread slices.
    [Show full text]
  • Debugging Multicore & Shared- Memory Embedded Systems
    Debugging Multicore & Shared- Memory Embedded Systems Classes 249 & 269 2007 edition Jakob Engblom, PhD Virtutech [email protected] 1 Scope & Context of This Talk z Multiprocessor revolution z Programming multicore z (In)determinism z Error sources z Debugging techniques 2 Scope and Context of This Talk z Some material specific to shared-memory symmetric multiprocessors and multicore designs – There are lots of problems particular to this z But most concepts are general to almost any parallel application – The problem is really with parallelism and concurrency rather than a particular design choice 3 Introduction & Background Multiprocessing: what, why, and when? 4 The Multicore Revolution is Here! z The imminent event of parallel computers with many processors taking over from single processors has been declared before... z This time it is for real. Why? z More instruction-level parallelism hard to find – Very complex designs needed for small gain – Thread-level parallelism appears live and well z Clock frequency scaling is slowing drastically – Too much power and heat when pushing envelope z Cannot communicate across chip fast enough – Better to design small local units with short paths z Effective use of billions of transistors – Easier to reuse a basic unit many times z Potential for very easy scaling – Just keep adding processors/cores for higher (peak) performance 5 Parallel Processing z John Hennessy, interviewed in the ACM Queue sees the following eras of computer architecture evolution: 1. Initial efforts and early designs. 1940. ENIAC, Zuse, Manchester, etc. 2. Instruction-Set Architecture. Mid-1960s. Starting with the IBM System/360 with multiple machines with the same compatible instruction set 3.
    [Show full text]