HISTOLOGY WRITTEN EXAM II

1. Which of the following is true regarding the primary product secreted by the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland? A. Is needed for fetal sex organ development B. Causes dramatic protein catabolism C. Is responsible for increased sugar synthesis in the liver D. Has an anti-inflammatory property E. Decreases circulating calcium levels

2. The corneal tear contains all but which of the following: A. Lactoferrin-bacteriostatic agent B. Secretory IgA C. Tear specific albumin D. Lysozyme-bacteriolytic agent E. Secretory IgG

3. In the oral cavity: A. Serous glands of Von Ebner are associated with filiform and fungiform papillae. B. The tongue muscle is composed of a complex interlaced pattern of smooth muscle fibers. C. Filiform papillae lie in parallel ridges on the dorsolateral surface of the tongue, D. The anterior two-thirds of the dorsal tongue is raised in a series of elevations called papillae. E. Taste buds are found around the base of circumvallate papillae and in fungiform papillae.

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. More epinephrine than norepinephrine is synthesized and secreted by the adrenal medulla B. Iodine is oxidized by thyroperoxidase to iodide in the thyroid C. The thyroid stores its product in an extracellular environment D. Chief cells, and not oxyphil cells, in the parathyroid produce parathormone E. Triiodothyronine is a more potent hormone than Thyroxine

5. Concerning taste buds. A. They contain goblet cells, which secrete a lipase, that prevents the formation of a hydrophobic barrier. B. Sustentacular cells are columnar cells with microvilli and often contain large amounts of Lipofuscin. C. Small rounded cells at the base of each taste bud are thought to act as immune surveillance cells. D. Sensory or gustatory cells are spindle shaped with microvilli and associated with afferent nerve fibers. E. They are only associated with circumvallate papillae on the ventral surface of the tongue.

- 1 - 6. The inner nuclear layer of the retina contains nuclei of all but which of the following: A. Ganglion cells B. Bipolar cells C. Muller cells D. Horizontal cells E. Amacrine cells

7. Which of the following is incorrect concerning parathormone? A. Calcitonin synthesis is reduced B. Ionized serum calcium is reduced C. Osteoclast number is increased D. Osteoclast activity is increased E. Calcium loss via sweat ducts is reduced

8. Which is INCORRECT concerning olfactory epithelium. A. Basal cells lie close to the basement membrane and act as progenitor cells for olfactory cells. B. Modified bipolar cells have dendrites that extend to the surface of the epithelium. C. Non-motile olfactory cilia extend from the tip of the dendrite and lie flat on the exposed surface. D. Goblet cells can be found scattered thoughout the olfactory epithelium. E. Supporting sustentacular cells contain a lipofuscin like pigment that imparts a yellow colour.

9. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the retinal pigmented epithelium of the eye? A. Provides metabolic support for rods and cones B. Produces aqueous humor C. Acts to prevent excess light from reflecting back on photoreceptors D. Synthesizes Vitamin A E. Acts to phagocytize shed photoreceptor outer segments

10. Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning adult teeth. A. The outer surface of the tooth crown is lined with ameloblasts, which continually produce enamel. B. The outer surface of the pulp chamber is lined by odontoblasts, which continually produce dentine. C. The center of each tooth comprises the pulp, which contains nutrient vessels and nerves. D. The size of the pulp cavity gradually diminishes with age as dentine is progressively laid down. E. The root of the tooth is embedded in bone and the crown protrudes into the oral cavity.

11. Regarding accommodation: A. occurs by means of zonular fibers B. occurs by means of ora serrata contraction C. occurs by action of sphincter papillary muscle D. occurs by action of the dilator muscle E. occurs by action of ciliary muscle

- 2 - 12. Which of the following cell types in the adrenal is of neural ectoderm origin? A. Reticularis cells B. Spongiocytes C. Fasciculata cells D. Medullary cells E. Glomerulosa cells

13. Which of the following is true regarding the nasal cavity? A. Lined by a highly vascular nasal epithelium. B. It has a major role in conditioning expired air. C. It is separated into two halves by the nasal conchae D. Contains many serous and mucous glands within its submucosa. E. Completely lined by a specialized chemoreceptive olfactory epithelium.

14. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the cornea? A. Covered by stratified squamous epithelium B. Refractive power 1/2 that of lens C. Innermost layer is endothelium D. Descemet's membrane is basment membrane of endothelium E. Composed mostly of stroma

15. Thyroglobulin is iodinated at which of the following residues? A. Thyronine B. Thyroxine C. Tyrosine D. Thiamin E. Tryptophan

16. Which of the following is CORRECT concerning cementum: A. The production of cementum by cementocytes diminishes as the tooth ages. B. It is a calcified tissue composed of calcium salts arranged in haversian systems. C. Hydroxyapatite rods are arranged in tightly packed hexagonal arrays. D. Sharpeys fibers extend from the periodontal ligament into the cementum. E. It is synthesized as a non-mineralized compound by odontoblasts .

17. A patient presents at the hospital with high blood pressure, increased plasma sodium levels and edema (fluid retention). The physician determines that there is a problem with which of the following? A. Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland B. Zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland C. Zona reticularis of the adrenal gland D. Chief cells of the parathyroid gland E. Catecholamines from the adrenal medulla

- 3 - 18. Which of the following is FALSE? A. The innermost layer in the retina is the inner limiting membrane B. Specialized sebaceous glands in the eyelid are Meibomian glands C. Eye color is determined by number of melanocytes in the iris. D. The lamina cribrosa is at the posterior aspect of the retina E. The highest concentration of rods is in the fovea

19. The oral cavity: A. The central core of the lips is composed of multiple layers of smooth muscle. B. Has walls lined by a ciliated pseudostratified columnar respiratory type epithelium. C. Is formed by the lips, hard and soft palate and the floor of the mouth. D. Communicates with the outside world though the pharynx. E. The moist external aspect of the lips transitions to the hair baring inner surface at the vermillion zone.

20. Still shrunken to a microscopic size and riding a red cell on your "Fantastic Voyage", you see that you are in the pancreas. Adjacent to the capillary you are in are cells which are dumping substances right on top of you. You know you must be in what area of the pancreas? A. islet of Langerhans B. serous acinus C. space of Disse D. striated duct E. canal of Hering

21. You are on a "Fantastic Voyage", shrunken to a microscopic size, clinging to a red cell as you ride the pulsating torrent of the blood stream. As you pass certain structures, you realize that you are now in a liver lobule, in a sinusoid; and as a Kupffer cell barely misses engulfing you, you know you are being carried along to what structure? A. portal vein B. great vein of Galen C. aorta D. central vein E. hepatic artery

22. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. The liver is covered by Glisson's capsule. B. Bile flows from the bile ducts in the portal tracts to the common hepatic ducts, then to the cystic duct and to the gallbladder, where it is stored. C. The space of Disse contains Ito cells that store fat and pit cells which may have natural killer cell activity. D. The liver receives both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. E. The canal of Hering is an integral part of the hepatic sinusoid.

- 4 - 23. All of the following can be found in the pancreas EXCEPT: A. zymogen granules B. striated duct C. serous acinus D. islet cells E. capillaries

24. Which one of the following statements is TRUE? A. The exocrine pancreas secretes pancreatic enzymes directly into capillaries. B. The space of Disse is lined by low columnar cells in the cystic duct of the gallbladder. C. In the normal human liver, the lobules of hepatic tissue are separated by thick fibrous bands. D. Bile flows from the more centrilobular hepatocytes to the portal tract. E. Blood flows from the central vein to the portal tract.

25. In the endocrine pancreas, which of the following are TRUE? A. There is no surrounding capsule B. Secretion of the products of the islet cells is directly into intercalated ducts. C. The islets of Langerhans comprise 75% of the total pancreas tissue. D. There are three major islet cell types: alpha, lambda and omega. E. The islet cells are distributed uniformly throughout the pancreas.

26. You are following Dr. Kott for an afternoon in Surgical Pathology. Dr. Red Duke comes in with a specimen. Dr. Kott opens the container, takes out a bag-like structure, and cuts it open, revealing thick slimy yellow green liquid and some small rounded yellow stones. The inside of the structure is yellow and velvety. From your histology class you know that under the microscope, sections of this specimen should have all of the following features EXCEPT: A. luminal folds B. columnar epithelium C. well-developed two layer muscularis D. lamina propria with some inflammatory cells E. adventitia

27. All of the following can be found in the portal triad EXCEPT: A. portal venule B. hepatic arteriole C. lymphatics D. bile duct E. central venule

28. Which is TRUE concerning the space of Disse? A. Area where bile is produced. B. An integral part of the portal tract. C. Lined by columnar epithelium. D. Contains Ito cells and pit cells. E. Easily seen on light microscopy.

- 5 - 29. Due to your outstanding performance as a first year medical student, you are invited to view a surgical procedure on a 3-year-old boy undergoing removal of his pharyngeal tonsil. Following the surgery (during which you don't actually get to DO anything), you are asked to take the specimen to Surgical Pathology where the tissue will be examined at both a gross and microscopic level. Unfortunately, while there, you run into the infamous Dr. Pimpa who proceeds to ask you what you know about the pharyngeal tonsil. You tell him that this particular tonsil: A. Contains 3 to 4 deep crypts. B. Is totally encapsulated with loose connective tissue. C. Is a paired structure, but only one was removed. D. Is covered by pseudostratified columnar epithelium. E. Contains periarterial lymphatic sheaths.

30. "M" cells found in the epithelium of the ileum: A. Respond to ACTH from the anterior pituitary. B. Produce IgM as their primary immunoglobulin. C. Have numerous cilia on their apical surface. D. Are part of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System. E. Take up antigen and transport it to underlying lymphocytes.

31. While exploring the shores of Lake Titicaca, you are bitten on the neck by some flying insect. Two days later, your cervical lymph nodes begin to swell and are painful. If you were to remove one of these lymph nodes and look at the tissue under the microscope, you would most likely see: A. Loss of the afferent lymphatics. B. Expansion of the Peyer's patches beneath the epithelium. C. Absence of the medullary macrophages. D. Numerous secondary follicles with large germinal centers. E. Frequent Hassall's corpuscles in the medulla.

32. In the lymph node, lymph from the supcapsular sinus next flows into the: A. Reticular sinus. B. Periarterial sinus. C. Cortical sinus. D. Afferent lymphatic. E. Medullary sinus.

33. High endothelial venules (HEVs): A. Empty into the efferent lymphatics. B. Have numerous M-cells on their walls. C. Are capable of responding to foreign antigens. D. Are responsible for phagocytosis. E. Allow lymphocytes to exit the blood stream.

- 6 - 34. While walking in the hallway of the 2nd floor, you discover a histology slide on the floor. Unable to contain your excitement at such a discovery, you immediately go into lab, take out your microscope (remember it?), and proceed to look at the tissue on the slide. You can determine that the tissue is from the spleen by which of the following histologic landmarks? A. Stratified squamous epithelium on the surface. B. Numerous lobules with a cortex and medulla. C. Central arteries surrounded by lymphocytes. D. High endothelial venules in the paracortex. E. Numerous primary follicles in the cortex.

35. B-cells are found in each of the following areas EXCEPT: A. Medullary cords. B. Mantle zone. C. Germinal center. D. Periarterial lymphatic sheath. E. Marginal zone.

36. In the inner ear, the utricle and saccule: A. Contain the helicotrema. B. Are filled with perilymph. C. House the tensor tympani. D. Are continuous with the cochlear duct. E. Contain the semicircular canals.

37. The macula of the saccule: A. Lacks otoconia. B. Supports the organ of Corti. C. Is bathed in endolymph. D. Is part of the auditory system. E. Contains Type I hair cells only.

38. Tumors often metastasize to the lymph nodes. The tumor cells enter the lymph node via the: A. Cords of Bilroth B. Red pulp C. Afferent lymphatics D. M-cell epithelium E. Efferent lymphatics

39. Lymphatic vessels are present in each of the following areas EXCEPT: A. Dermis of the skin B. Eye C. Thyroid D. Oral cavity E. Liver

- 7 - 40. The auditory ossicles: A. Are covered with stratified squamous epithelium. B. Contain lymphatic vessels. C. Are bathed in perilymph. D. Attach to the round window. E. Are connected by synovial joints.

41. Lymphoid tissues contain large numbers of lymphocytes. They also typically contain: A. Plexiform cells. B. Type II collagen. C. Macrophages. D. Ito cells. E. Chief cells.

42. Hassall's corpuscles are found in which of the following? A. Lymph node B. Adrenal gland C. Posterior pituitary D. Thymus E. Peyer's patches

43. When examining the ears of a 4-month-old infant, you notice that the tympanic membrane is red and bulging. The pediatrician diagnoses otitis media, an inflammation of the middle ear cavity that is now filled with pus. The mother asks you what should normally be present in the middle ear cavity. You tell her: A. Cerumen B. Blood C. Lymph D. Plasma E. Air

44. T cells originate in which of the following structures? A. Trabeculae B. Tonsils C. Thymus D. Tympanic membrane E. Thyroid

45. The basement membrane of the retinal pigmented epithelium is known as: A. The lamina cribrosa B. Fresche's membrane C. Henson's layer D. Bruch's membrane E. Bowman's membrane

- 8 - 46. The color of cerumen is due to the presence of what substance? A. Mitochondria B. Zymogen granules C. Lipofuscin D. Blood vessels E. Fat

47. Which of the following would be classified as an antigen-presenting cell? A. Reticular cell B. Oxyphil cell C. Chromaffin cell D. Sustentacular cell E. Kupffer cell

48. Dilated axon terminals in the neurohypophysis originate from the: A. pars tuberalis B. Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei C. adenohypophysis D. Rathke's pouch E. pars distalis

49. Two cell types are found in the pineal gland. They are the pinealocyte and the? A. Melatonocyte B. Pineal glial cell C. Macroglial cell D. Astrocyte E. Pineal macrophage

50. In the organ of Corti: A. The tectorial membrane is produced by the inner hair cells. B. Otoconia aid in movement of the stereocilia. C. Kinocilium are present only on the outer hair cells. D. Inner hair cells are more numerous than outer hair cells. E. Inner hair cells are completely surrounded by supporting cells.

51. Which of the following hormones is NOT released from the adenohypophysis? A. Prolactin B. Thyrotropin C. Follicle stimulating hormone D. Oxytocin E. Growth hormone

- 9 - 52. You can't resist a good roller coaster ride, so you pay a visit to Astroworld. After 3 trips on the XLR-8, your vestibular system is maximally stimulated. Which sensory area of your ear is responsible for these impulses? A. Eustachian cells. B. Hair cells in the macula. C. Tympanic membrane. D. Tectorial membrane. E. Inner hair cells in the cochlea.

For each numbered item in Column 1, choose the letter of the most closely related item in Column 2. Each answer may be used once, more than once or not at all.

53. Parotid gland A. Mixed gland, predominantly mucous 54. Submandibulr gland B. Mixed gland, predominantly serous 55. Sublingual gland C. Composed entirely of serous acini D. Secretions enter the cystic duct E. Striated ducts

56. The aqueous humor drains from the eye through: A. Ora serrata B. Lamina cribrosa C. Schlemm's canal D. Optic nerve head E. Fovea centralis

57. In the eye zonular fiber anchors onto the: A. ora serrata B. iris C. optic nerve D. lens capsule E. limbus

58. Which of the following is FALSE? A. Rods and cones are of unequal number in the neural retina B. The refractive power of the cornea is equal to that of the lens C. Rod and cone outer segments are connected to the rest of the cell by cilia. D. When the ciliary body muscles relax you can focus on closer objects E. The sclera makes up the outer tunic of 5/6 of the eye

59. The bile caniliculus between adjacent hepatocytes is approximately what diameter? A. 100 nanometers B. 5 microns C. 1 micron D. 50 microns E. 100 microns

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1. This structure is a: A. Fungiform papillae B. Foliate papillae C. Filiform papillae D. Circumvallate papillae E. Nasal papillae

2. In this region, which of the following would not be found/true? A. Copious vascularity B. Fenestrated capillaries C. Secretory granules D. An abundance of fibrous stroma E. An abundance of parenchyma

3. Which of the following increases with age in this endocrine tissue: A. Unilocular fat B. Chief cells C. Nerve infiltration D. Vascularity E. Lymphatics

4. This structure: A. Increases light to the lens B. Decreases light to the lens C. Produces aqueous humor D. Porduces vitreous humor E. Absorbs aqueous humor

5. This structure used to be employed as an X-ray marker years ago: A. Pineal corpora arenacea B. Neurohypophyseal Herring bodies C. Splenic calcium aggregates D. Gall stones E. Hepatic concretion

6. The material found at this location within the tooth is: A. Composed of collagen, filbroblasts and a ground substance containing glycoaminoglycans. B. Made by emeloblasts that degenerate after tooth eruption so it cannot be replaced. C. Formed as hexagonal rods that extend through its full thickness. D. Mineralized by a process of nucleation prior to tooth eruption then gradually lost. E. Made by cells that have slender projections that penetrate and form small canals.

- 11 - 7. Identify the structure at the pointer: A. Stenson's duct B. striated duct C. serous acinus D. mucinous acinus E. serous demilune

8. Which statement concerning the structure at the pointer is TRUE? A. In the lobule, bile flows away from this structure. B. The adjacent hepatocytes get the least oxygenated blood. C A branch of the central vein is found here. D. Both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood arrive here. E. The rim of hepatocytes around this structure is the Glisson's plate.

9. In this section of the pituitary, what is being secreted by the cell indicated? A. Follicle stimulating hormone B. Oxytocin C Prolactin D. Vasopressin E. Thyrotropin

10. The objects which the arrow is delineating are known as: A. High endothelial venules B. Lymph node medullary sinuses C. PALS D. Cords of Bilroth E. Central arteries

11. The synthetic products from the cells in this layer evoke longer responses than similar products released via direct neural stimulation because? A. They are initially inactive B. Release from these cells is blocked by aldosterone C. They are only slowly removed from the blood D. The products rely on other synthetic products from the same cell for release E. Iodination has to occur at tyrosine residues

12. Which of the following statements about this organ is FALSE? A. Has serous demilunes. B. Has myoepithelial cells in acini and intercalated ducts. C Separated into lobules by connective tissue septae. D. Located on the cheek in front of the ear. E. Secretes amylase with some sialomucins.

13. Which statement is FALSE concerning the structure at the pointer? A. Contains three cell types which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. B. Lacks myoepithelial cells C Excretes into the intercalated duct. D. Is part of the endocrine system. E. Is very vascular

- 12 - 14. The layer being indicated is? A. Bruch's membrane B. The macula C. The outer limiting membrane D. Bowman"s membrane E. Descemet's membrane

15. The cells in this area: A. Produce B-lymphocytes. B. Are sensitive to light. c. Contain otoconia. D. Produce endolymph. E. Respond to parathormone.

16. This cellls secretion is: A. oxytocin B. adrenocorticotropic hormone C. vasopressin D. growth hormone E. unknown

17. Which of the following is incorrect concerning the cells present in this structure? A. They are connected to each other by canaliculi. B. They are encased in lacunae. C. They can be activated to produce more matrix D. They are responsible for the resorption of the matrix material. E. They remain viable throughout the life of tooth.

18. The cells in this area: A. Produce IgA as a protective immunoglobulin. B. Are immature thymocytes.. C. Form the periarterial lymphatic sheath. D. Produce thymosin and thymopoietin. E. Are encapsulated.

19. Moving toward the optic nerve, the nuclei in this next layer make contact with the: A. lamina cribrosa B. ganglion cells C. amacrine cells D. cones E. choroid

20. The majority of cells in this area: A. Mature into B-lymphocytes. B. Will not reach maturity. C. Form Hassall's corpuscles. D. Produce calcitonin. E. Will form germinal centers.

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1. A 21. D 41. C. 2. E 22. E 42. D. 3. E 23. B 43. E 4. B 24. D 44. C. 5. D 25. A 45. D 6. A 26. C 46. C 7. B 27. E 47. E 8. D 28. D 48. B 9. B 29. D 49. D 10. A 30. E 50. E 11. E 31. D 51. D 12. D 32. C 52. B 13. D 33. E 53. C 14. D 34. C 54. B 15. C 35. D 55. A 16. D 36. D 56. C 17. A 37. C 57. A 18. E 38. C 58. B 19. C 39. B 59. C 20. A 40. E

PRACTICAL

1 C 2 D 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 E 7 E 8 D 9 C 10 D 11 C 12 D 13 C 14 D 15 D 16 E 17 D 18 A 19 B 20 B

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