Industrial Revolution Technology Changes the US

Industrial Revolution – Technology Changes the US Name ______

I. Production of goods A. Industrial Revolution – the change from making things by hand to making things by machine B. Water power, steam, and later, electrical power; humans replaced animal power. C. Inventions late 1700s 1. Spinning jenny – machine which allowed human to spin several threads at once; replaced spinning wheel (1765 – James Hargreaves) 2. Cotton gin – Eli Whitney, inventor – machine which separated cotton seed from cotton fiber (1793) 3. Power Loom – water powered machine which quickly produced cloth (1785 – Edmund Cartwright) 4. 1769 – Richard Arkwright invented the water frame. D. Factories – buildings which housed machines and workers to produce goods 1. Early factories were located near a water source for power. 2. Today’s factories are located near a well trained workforce. 3. Capitalists – people with money to invest in business E. England – place where the Industrial Revolution began 1. Laws passed to prevent competition with other countries – ex. Anyone who worked in a factory was not allowed to leave the country F. Samuel Slater brought factory system idea to the US (late 1700’s); he emigrated from England with machine designs in his memory. (hooked up with Moses Brown) 1. Nicknamed “ Father of the American Factory System” II. Industrial Revolution Effects US A. 1790 – Congress passes the Patent Act to protect rights of inventors. B. War of 1812 – with no British imports, US becomes more self-sufficient. How? Self-sufficient – not reliant on others or other countries (exact opposite is dependent) C. Laborers – mostly women and children; cheap labor; long hours, bad working conditions; competition very important III. Eli Whitney – inventor A. Invented cotton gin, 1793, which led to greater cotton production and increased slavery in South. B. Interchangeable parts, early 1800’s – machines which made parts for guns; led to mass production and assembly line production. IV. Industrial Revolution’s Effects on US Cities A. Factories led to growth of cities 1. Lack of transportation – most walked to work 2. Negatives = poor streets, no sewers, diseases, fires, garbage littered streets 3. Positives = entertainment fashions, shops/stores, plays, museums, hot air ballons B. Cause and effect chart

*British ideas of a spinning mill and *Factory system spreads. Power loom reach America. C IR *Young women and *Eli Whitney invents cotton gin. A children from nearby *War of 1812 prompts Americans U in farms work in mills. to make their own goods. S *Growing cities face *Eli Whitney introduces idea of E the problems like fire, Interchangeable parts. S sewage, garbage, and US diseases. V. Transportation Changes A. Early Travel, late 1700’s – rivers or dirt trails used 1. Types of travel a. foot b. horseback c. boats d. horse and wagon B. Early 1800’s – Americans began moving West 1. Well-known paths a. Great Wagon Road (PA) b. Wilderness Road – Daniel Boone’s trail through Cumberland Gap into KY. Cumberland Gap – a natural gateway for settlers moving into KY and TN. 2. New states admitted – KY (1792); TN (1796); OH (1803); LA (1812); IN (1816)j; Mississippi (1817); IL (1818); and AL (1819) 3. Better roads needed for travel, trade, communications a. Lancaster turnpike, 1790’s – linked Philadelphia and Lancaster, PA; gravel road topped with smooth flat stones b. Toll roads/turnpikes – roads built by private companies; tolls collected to help pay for road construction c. Corduroy roads – built in swampy areas; log roads d. Bridges built – covered bridges helped keep roadway from rotting e. National Road – 1811-1818; built by Congress; connected Cumberland, MD and Wheeling, PA (later extended to IL) f. Better roads helped travelers, freight haulers (heavy wagons pulled by 8-10 horses), farm wagons, stage coaches C. Steam Transport 1. Water travel easier than by road 2. Travel slow, especially upstream 3. 1787 – John Fitch’s steamboat introduced 4. 1807- Robert Fulton’s Clermont – first successful steamboat; led to improved travel West and cheaper means of transporting goods 5. 1850s – steamboats became “floating palaces” (like the Louisville Bell, Delta Queen of today) D. Canal – a channel dug and filled with water to allow ships to cross a stretch of land 1. Built to help farmers get goods to market 2. Erie Canal – 1817 (New York) a. Governor DeWitt Clinton supported ideas of building the canal b. New equipment developed to aid hand digging (ex. Stump puller) c. Connected Albany, NY to Buffalo, NY (How many miles was that? 350 miles ) d. Benefits = reduced travel time, lowered shipping costs, made NY a commerce center (What is “commerce”? exchange of commodities/goods)

*Look at the map which shows the Erie Canal. This canal made shipping from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake Erie, totally by water, possible. How? It connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River which led to the Atlantic Ocean