The Three Common States of Matter

Name: ______

Sections 3.1 & 3.3: States of Matter & Phase Changes (1st Page is only Section 3.1)

1. Fill in the Chart State Shape Volume Arrangement of particles or Atoms

Solid Definite Definite Packed tightly in an orderly arrangement with slight vibration

Liquid Variable Shape Definite Slightly spread out and a little more random

Gas Not Definite Not Definite Very random movement, lots of energy

2. True or False: The fact that a copper wire can be bent shows that some solids do not have the same shape. FALSE

3. What state of matter has neither definite shape nor volume? GAS

4. What determines the shape and volume of a gas? IT’S CONTAINER

5. On the sun, where temperatures are really high, matter exists in a state known as PLASMA.

6. Kinetic Energy is the energy of an object due to its motion.

7. Circle the phrase that describes all particles of matter in the kinetic theory of matter. a. randomly b. constant temperature c. in constant motion d. orderly arrangement.

8. True or False: There are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter. TRUE

9. Why can scientists ignore the forces of attraction among particles in a gas under ordinary circumstances? The particles in a gas are apart and moving fast, so the forces of attraction are too weak to have a noticeable effect.

10. True or False: Because of the constant motion of the particles in a gas, the gas has a definite shape and volume. FALSE

11. Do the forces of attraction have a stronger effect on the behavior of the particles in a gas or liquid? Liquid

12. Circle the letter of each factor that affects the behavior of liquids. a. fixed location of particles b. constant motion of particles c. orderly arrangement of particles d. forces of attraction among particles.

13. Solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate in fixed locations.

1 14. Endothermic means heat is taken in and Exothermic means heat is given off.

15. Complete the Chart

Endothermic Phase Changes Exothermic Phase Changes

Solid to Liquid LIQUID to Solid

LIQUID to GAS Gas to LIQUID

Solid to GAS GAS to Solid

16. What is a phase change? A phase change is the reversible physical change that takes place when a substance changes from one state of matter to another.

17. Match the terms with the description. a. Solid to Liquid ___D___ Freezing b. Liquid to Gas ___F____ Sublimation c. Gas to Solid ___E____ Condensation d. Liquid to Solid ___A____ Melting e. Gas to Liquid ___C____ Deposition f. Solid to Gas ___B____ Vaporization

18. What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change? The temperature of a substance remains constant during a phase change.

19. True or False & EXPLAIN! The temperature at which a substance freezes is lower than the temperature at which it melts. FALSE, they happen at the same temperature

20. Circle the letter that describes the behavior of a substance during a phase change. a. neither absorbs nor releases energy b. always absorbs energy c. always release energy d. either absorbs or release energy

21. Put endothermic or exothermic on the lines. A substance absorbs energy from its surroundings during an endothermic change. As water freezes, it releases heat to its surroundings. Freezing is an example of an exothermic change.

22. True or False: Water molecules have a more orderly arrangement in ice than in liquid. TRUE

23. When liquid water freezes, the average kinetic energy of its molecules DECREASES, and the arrangement of the molecules becomes more orderly.

24. Vaporization is the phase change in which a substance changes from a LIQUID into a GAS.

25. The energy absorbed by ice as it turns into a liquid is known as the heat of FUSION and the energy absorbed as water changes from a liquid to vapor is the heat of VAPORIZATION.

2 26. True or False: When water vapor collects above the liquid in a closed container, the pressure caused by the collisions of this vapor and the walls of the container is called vapor pressure. TRUE

27. The phase change in which a substance changes from a gas into a liquid is called CONDENSATION.

28. True or False: A gas absorbs energy as it changes into a liquid. FALSE

29. Compare and contrast the processes of evaporation and boiling by completing the table below.

Process Phase Change Where it Occurs Temperature At the surface of a Below the boiling point Evaporation Vaporization liquid of the liquid

Throughout a liquid At the boiling point of Boiling Vaporization the liquid

30. Dry ice can change directly from a solid to a gas without forming a liquid first. This process is an example of SUBLIMATION.

31. What is deposition? Deposition is the phase change in which a substance changes directly from a gas to a solid without changing to a liquid first.