Authors Carboni E. Barros V.G. Ibba M. Silvagni A. Mura C. Antonelli M.C

PREGNANCY (A) 2010 <140> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010298948 Authors Carboni E. Barros V.G. Ibba M. Silvagni A. Mura C. Antonelli M.C. Institution (Carboni, Ibba, Silvagni, Mura) Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy. (Barros, Antonelli) Instituto de Quimica y Fisicoquimica Biologicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Prenatal restraint stress: An in vivo microdialysis study on catecholamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex. Source Neuroscience. 168(1)(pp 156-166), 2010. Date of Publication: June 2010. Publisher Elsevier Ltd Abstract There is substantial evidence that prenatal exposure to adverse environmental conditions might lead to the psychiatric disorders that can appear in adolescence or in adulthood; vulnerability to drug addiction may increase as well. It is currently accepted that the alteration of catecholamine transmission in the prefrontal cortex plays a prominent role in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. We assessed basal and stimulated dopamine and noradrenaline extracellular concentration in the medial prefrontal cortex by means of microdialysis in awake male adolescent and young adult offspring of rats exposed to restraint stress in the last week of pregnancy. Catecholamine stimulation was obtained by amphetamine or nicotine. We observed that prenatal stress (PNS) did not change dopamine but decreased noradrenaline basal output in both adolescents and adults. Moreover, it decreased amphetamine stimulated dopamine output and increased amphetamine stimulated noradrenaline output. PNS decreased nicotine stimulated noradrenaline (but not dopamine output) in adults, though not in adolescents. These data show that PNS stress modifies prefrontal cortex catecholamine transmission in a complex and age dependent manner. Our results support the view that prenatal stress may be a contributing factor for the development of psychiatric disorders and that its effect may augment drug addiction vulnerability. copyright 2010 IBRO. ISSN 0306-4522 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Neuroscience Volume 168 Issue Part 1 Page 156-166 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication June 2010

PREGNANCY <562> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 20407980 Status In-Process Authors Bandstra ES. Morrow CE. Mansoor E. Accornero VH. Authors Full Name Bandstra, Emmalee S. Morrow, Connie E. Mansoor, Elana. Accornero, Veronica H. Institution University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA. [email protected] Title Prenatal drug exposure: infant and toddler outcomes. Source Journal of Addictive Diseases. 29(2):245-58, 2010 Apr. Journal Name Journal of Addictive Diseases Country of Publication England Abstract This manuscript provides an overview of the current scientific literature on the impact of maternal drug use, specifically opioids and cocaine, during pregnancy on the acute and long- term outcomes of infants and toddlers from birth through age 3 years. Emphasis with regard to opioids is placed on heroin and opioid substitutes used to treat opioid addiction, including methadone, which has long been regarded as the standard of care in pregnancy, and buprenorphine, which is increasingly being investigated and prescribed as an alternative to methadone. Controlled studies comparing methadone at high and low doses, as well as those comparing methadone with buprenorphine, are highlighted and the diagnosis and management of neonatal abstinence syndrome is discussed. Over the past two decades, attention of the scientific and lay communities has also been focused on the potential adverse effects of cocaine and crack cocaine, especially during the height of the cocaine epidemic in the United States. Herein, the findings are summarized from prospective studies comparing cocaine-exposed with non-cocaine-exposed infants and toddlers with respect to anthropometric growth, infant neurobehavior, visual and auditory function, and cognitive, motor, and language development. The potentially stigmatizing label of the so-called "crack baby" preceded the evidence now accumulating from well-designed prospective investigations that have revealed less severe sequelae in the majority of prenatally exposed infants than originally anticipated. In contrast to opioids, which may produce neonatal abstinence syndrome and infant neurobehavioral deficits, prenatal cocaine exposure appears to be associated with what has been described as statistically significant but subtle decrements in neurobehavioral, cognitive, and language function, especially when viewed in the context of other exposures and the caregiving environment which may mediate or moderate the effects. Whether these early findings may herald more significant learning and behavioral problems during school-age and adolescence when the child is inevitably confronted with increasing social and academic challenges is the subject of ongoing longitudinal research. Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. Date of Publication 2010 Apr Year of Publication 2010 Issue/Part 2 Volume 29 Page 245-58

PREGNANCY <563> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 20407975 Status In-Process Authors Keegan J. Parva M. Finnegan M. Gerson A. Belden M. Authors Full Name Keegan, Joan. Parva, Mehdi. Finnegan, Mark. Gerson, Andrew. Belden, Michael. Institution Lankenau Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA. [email protected] Title Addiction in pregnancy. Source Journal of Addictive Diseases. 29(2):175-91, 2010 Apr. Journal Name Journal of Addictive Diseases Country of Publication England Abstract Substance abuse in pregnancy has increased over the past three decades in the United States, resulting in approximately 225,000 infants yearly with prenatal exposure to illicit substances. Routine screening and the education of women of child bearing age remain the most important ways to reduce addiction in pregnancy. Legal and illegal substances and their effect on pregnancy discussed in this review include opiates, cocaine, alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and amphetamines. Most literature regarding opiate abuse is derived from clinical experience with heroin and methadone. Poor obstetric outcomes can be up to six times higher in patients abusing opiates. Neonatal care must be specialized to treat symptoms of withdrawal. Cocaine use in pregnancy can lead to spontaneous abortion, preterm births, placental abruption, and congenital anomalies. Neonatal issues include poor feeding, lethargy, and seizures. Mothers using cocaine require specialized prenatal care and the neonate may require extra supportive care. More than 50% of women in their reproductive years use alcohol. Alcohol is a teratogen and its effects can include spontaneous abortion, growth restriction, birth defects, and mental retardation. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder can have long-term sequelae for the infant. Tobacco use is high among pregnant women, but this can be a time of great motivation to begin cessation efforts. Long-term effects of prenatal tobacco exposure include spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, placental insufficiency, low birth weight, fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, childhood respiratory disease, and behavioral issues. Marijuana use can lead to fetal growth restriction, as well as withdrawal symptoms in the neonate. Lastly, amphetamines can lead to congenital anomalies and other poor obstetric outcomes. Once recognized, a multidisciplinary approach can lead to improved maternal and neonatal outcomes. Publication Type Journal Article. Date of Publication 2010 Apr Year of Publication 2010 Issue/Part 2 Volume 29 Page 175-91

PREGNANCY 2010 <649> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 20141393 Status MEDLINE Authors Chaudhury R. Jones HE. Wechsberg W. O'Grady KE. Tuten M. Chisolm MS. Authors Full Name Chaudhury, R. Jones, H E. Wechsberg, W. O'Grady, K E. Tuten, M. Chisolm, M S. Institution Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Title Addiction severity index composite scores as predictors for sexual-risk behaviors and drug-use behaviors in drug-using pregnant patients. Source American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse. 36(1):25-30, 2010 Jan. Journal Name American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse Country of Publication England Abstract BACKGROUND: HIV sexual-risk and drug-use behavior predictors have been studied in non-pregnant but not pregnant drug-dependent populations. OBJECTIVE: Examine the ability of the ASI composite scores to predict HIV sexual- and drug-risk scores as well as the individual items of a modified version of the Risk Assessment Battery in drug-using pregnant women. METHODS: Pregnant women (N = 76) completing pretreatment ASI and HIV-risk questionnaires. RESULTS: The Legal composite score was the sole significant predictor of the sexual-risk score, with a 1 SD increase in the Legal composite score resulting in a 24% increase in sexual-risk, p < .001. The Medical, Drug, and Legal composite scores were each significant predictors of the drug-risk score, with a 1 SD increase resulting in a 31% decrease, and 121% and 73% increases, respectively, in drug-risk, all ps < .05. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Drug-using pregnant women and their fetuses are vulnerable to the consequences of both sexual-risk behaviors and drug-use. The ASI may help screen such patients for HIV sexual-risk and drug-use behaviors as a first step in tailoring treatment to address these issues. Publication Type Evaluation Studies. Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural. Date of Publication 2010 Jan Year of Publication 2010 Issue/Part 1 Volume 36 Page 25-30

PREGNANCY 2010 <736> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009650549 Authors O'Leary C.M. Nassar N. Zubrick S.R. Kurinczuk J.J. Stanley F. Bower C. Institution (O'Leary, Nassar, Bower) Division of Population Sciences, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. (Zubrick) Curtin University of Technology, Centre for Developmental Health, Perth, WA, Australia. (Kurinczuk) National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom. (Stanley) Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Evidence of a complex association between dose, pattern and timing of prenatal alcohol exposure and child behaviour problems. Source Addiction. 105(1)(pp 74-86), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Background There is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of dose, pattern and timing of prenatal alcohol exposure and behaviour problems in children aged 2 years and older. Methods A 10% random sample of women delivering a live infant in Western Australia (1995- 96) were invited to participate in an 8-year longitudinal survey (78% response rate n = 2224); 85% were followed-up at 2 years, 73% at 5 years and 61% at 8 years. Alcohol consumption was classified by combining the overall dose, dose per occasion and frequency to reflect realistic drinking patterns. Longitudinal analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to investigate the association between child behaviour as measured by the Child Behaviour Checklist at 2, 5 and 8 years of age and prenatal alcohol exposure collected 3 months postpartum for each trimester separately, adjusting for a wide range of confounding factors. Results Low levels of prenatal alcohol were not associated with child behaviour problems. There were increased odds of internalizing behaviour problems following heavy alcohol exposure in the first trimester; anxiety/depression [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-7.43] and somatic complaints (aOR 2.74; 95% CI 1.47- 5.12) and moderate levels of alcohol exposure increased the odds of anxiety/depression (aOR 2.24; 95% CI 1.16-4.34). Conclusions Prenatal alcohol exposure at moderate and higher levels increased the odds of child behaviour problems with the dose, pattern and timing of exposure affecting the type of behaviour problems expressed. Larger studies with more power are needed to confirm these findings. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 105 Issue Part 1 Page 74-86 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication January 2010

PREGNANCY 2010 <854> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010046397 Authors Esmaeili A. Keinhorst A.K. Schuster T. Beske F. Schlosser R. Bastanier C. Institution (Esmaeili, Keinhorst, Schuster, Beske, Bastanier) Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Goethe University, Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. (Schlosser) Department of Neonatology, Goethe University, Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome with clonidine and chloral hydrate. Source Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. 99(2)(pp 209-214), 2010. Date of Publication: February 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Aim: The objective of this retrospective study is to compare the medical treatment of neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome with clonidine and chloral hydrate with the commonly used combination therapy of morphine and phenobarbital. Methods: From 1998 to 2008, a total of 133 newborns suffering from neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome were treated at our clinic. All of these patients were born to mothers who had received methadone substitution for drug addiction during the course of pregnancy. Results: Twenty-nine patients received clonidine and chloral hydrate, and 64 patients were treated with morphine and phenobarbital for abstinence syndrome. The duration of treatment was significantly shorter in the clonidine/chloral hydrate group (median: 14 days vs. 35 days). Correspondingly, the period of hospitalization was also considerably shorter in the clonidine/chloral hydrate group (median: 32 days vs. 44 days). In addition, patients in the clonidine/chloral hydrate group exhibited markedly reduced withdrawal symptoms. Conclusion: This study suggests that a treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome with clonidine in omission of opiates is possible without causing short-term adverse cardiovascular effects. Considering the retrospective design of the study, controlled and prospective trials are needed. copyright 2009 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics Volume 99 Issue Part 2 Page 209-214 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication February 2010