Vocabulary and Section Summary B

Name______Class______Date______

Skills Worksheet Vocabulary and Section Summary B

Newton’s Laws of Motion VOCABULARY After you finish reading the section, try this puzzle! Use the clues below to complete the crossword puzzle. DOWN ACROSS 1. changing position over time 1. a measure of the amount of matter in an object 2. push or pull 2. unbalanced force opposing motion between touching surfaces 3. tendency of objects to resist any 6. the rate at which velocity changes over time change in motion 7. a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object 4. the result of the combined forces on an object (two words) 5. a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses

184 Name______Class______Date______

Stars VOCABULARY After you finish reading the section, try this puzzle! In each of the following items, use the clue to unscramble the letters, and write the term in the corresponding blanks. 1. the band of colors produced when white light passes through a prism: CRTESMPU ______2. the brightness of a star as seen from Earth: PATAPENR MTGEINAUD ______3. the brightness that a star would have at a distance of 32.6 light-years from Earth: LUBSETOA GMIEDUATN ______4. the distance that light travels in one year; about 9.46 trillion kilometers: ILTGH-AREY ______- ______5. an apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different locations: AARXPLLA ______

SECTION SUMMARY Read the following section summary. • The color of a star depends on the temperature of the star. Blue stars are hottest. Red stars are coolest. • The spectrum of a star shows which elements make up a star’s atmosphere. • Apparent magnitude is the brightness of a star as seen from Earth. Absolute magnitude is a measure of how bright a star would be if the star were 32.6 light-years from Earth. • Astronomers use parallax and trigonometry to measure distances to stars that are close to Earth. They use light-years to describe those distances. • Stars appear to move because of Earth’s rotation. The actual motion of stars is hard to see because stars are so distant.

184 Name______Class______Date______Skills Worksheet Vocabulary and Section Summary B

The Life Cycle of Stars VOCABULARY After you finish reading the section, try this puzzle! In the space provided, write the term described. Then, find the words in the word search puzzle on the next page. Terms can be hidden vertically, horizontally, diagonally, or backward.

______1. the location on the H-R diagram where most stars lie; has a diagonal pattern from the lower right (low temperatures and luminosity) to the upper left (high temperature and luminosity)

______2. Hertzsprung-Russell diagram; a graph that shows the relationship between a star’s surface temperature and absolute magnitude

______3. a gigantic explosion in which a massive star collapses and throws its outer layers into space

______4. following a supernova, the center of the collapsed star that has contracted into a very small but very dense ball of neutrons

______5. a spinning neutron star

______6. a star that has collapsed into an object so dense and massive that light cannot escape its gravity

159 Name______Class______Date______

Fluids and Pressure VOCABULARY After you finish reading the section, try this puzzle! Fill in the blanks in the clues below. Then, use the words to complete the word search puzzle on the next page. Words may appear horizontally, vertically, backward, or diagonally. 1. The layer of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases that surround Earth is called the ______. 2. The amount of matter in a certain volume is called ______. 3. Something that flows is a(n) ______. 4. The layer of gases surrounding Earth exerts ______pressure. 5. The SI unit for pressure is the ______. 6. The amount of force exerted on a given area is called ______.