Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their Consequence
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Name: ______WHAP 101 Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their Consequence Standards 4.0 3.5 3.0 Not a 3.0 yet 3.10.2 Create a system of 120 – 100 99 - 80 79 – 60 Under 60 points organization to sequence ideas, points Points points concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions
Take notes of this packet ______/22 points Timeline of events ______/4 points Graphic Organizer ______/4 points CCOT Essay score X10 ______/90 points
Summarize the following in 2-3 sentences (taken from Freemanpedia)
At the beginning of the twentieth century, a European-dominated global political order existed, which also included the United States, Russia, and Japan. Over the course of the century, peoples and states around the world challenged this order in ways that sought to redistribute power within the existing order and to restructure empires, while those peoples and states in power attempted to maintain the status quo. Other peoples and states sought to overturn the political order itself. These challenges to, and the attempts to maintain, the political order manifested themselves in an unprecedented level of conflict with high human casualties. In the context of these conflicts, many regimes in both older and newer states struggled with maintaining political stability and were challenged by internal and external factors, including ethnic and religious conflicts, secessionist movements, territorial partitions, economic dependency, and the legacies of colonialism. ______
Part I- Global Wars and Conflicts of the 20 th Century
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Total War: Definition & Examples- http://study.com/academy/lesson/total-war-definition-examples.html Take good notes of what total war is, this will be important because both World War I and II are total wars, along other wars of this time period- just take notes until the video runs out!
Nationalism - World War I
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- M-A-I-N Causes of World War I- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tO9rnkmObIc&nohtml5=False
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website - The Great War episode 1 Exposion- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRtdSoeYQYk&list=PLvSzCTVndaIe_DgELjTaQSzh8tfLdyewH Watch from 12:50 – 15:16, - How was the system of alliances used to keep peace by Kaiser Bismarck before World War I? What did Kaiser Wilhelm II do when he came to power and who became his only ally left?
Background- Serbia is a province or state in the large but weakening and dying Austria-Hungary Empire. May people in Serbia want to break away from the Austrian-Hungarian Empire- “The Black Hand” is a group that is fighting for Serbian independence from Austria Hungary, Gavrilo Princip is a member of “The Black Hand”. Archduke Franz Ferdinand is royalty visiting Serbia. Shit is about to go down….
39:40 – 43:40 – Explain the events that led to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, make sure to include the Serbian secret society “The Black Hand” and Gavrilo Princip. What was the reaction by Austria-Hungary and its emperor Franz Joseph? What “trap” was set by the alliance system? Ok let’s keep score here pause the video at 43:08 and put the red countries from the video on the Central Powers side (that is what they are called for the war) and the blue countries on the allies or triple entente side (there official war name)
Central Powers Allies or Triple Entente
7:05- 48:35- What happen when Czar Nicholas mobilized his army? Why did all of the countries go to war? Why did Germany, Russia and France all mobilize their militaries? (Mobilization means they are moving their armies into fighting position)
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website The 4 M-A-I-N Causes of World War One in 6 Minutes- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRcg_t2oJkc Take great notes- this is very good- Use the MAIN acronym Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website The Great War episode 2 Stalemate - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gflb_jSYTV0&index=2&list=PLvSzCTVndaIe_DgELjTaQSzh8tfLdyewH%204:35-%205:30 4:35- 5:30 - What was the German Plan for war (The Schlieffen Plan)?
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website - Prof. Robert Weiner: The Nature & Impact of WWI- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CwA_3Oo7qc 16:40- 27:30 - What actually happened when the Germans invaded using The Schlieffen Plan after they were stopped by the French at The Battle of the Marne in the west?
How was the fighting different for the Germans in the East with Russia?
What was the plan to win for both groups after The Battle of the Marne? What does this result in and why does the war continue to go on for years?
What was the purpose of the Battle of Verdun and The Battle of the Somme?
Give some examples of the destruction that occurred from World War I? Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website - GREAT SCENE - Paths of Glory- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPtVNDvwGMo
Take 5-6 notes on what your observe from the Trench Warfare in World War I
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website ANZAC- http://www.britannica.com/topic/ANZAC
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website Battle of Gallipoli- https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=7UhtaAWw9hU
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website Gallipoli Landings - Anzac Day- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPcOqX-IVJQ Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website The Great War episode 5 Mutiny- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6haP4AQfhQ&index=5&list=PLSKgrjbsMkLME7pijn7u9u4WDv-yuU-tA\ 37:55 – 53:30- How did the Russian Revolution actually happen during World War I? What mistakes did Czar Nicholas make during the war and what was he blamed for? What happened on and after International Women’s day?
What happened when Czar Nicholas’s train was stopped?
What kind of government did Russian have at first during the revolution?
What was Vladimir Lenin’s goal after the revolution?
How did Kerensky mistake of having Russia stay in the war lead to Lenin’s rise and the Bolshevik takeover of Russia ? (Make sure to write about the Women’s brigade)
What was the result of The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
Quick Historical Footnote- When Russia leaves the war it gives the Central Powers an advantage that will last until The United States joins the war.
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website -The Great War episode 6 Collapse https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KnONdlDU1c&list=PLvSzCTVndaIe_DgELjTaQSzh8tfLdyewH&index=6
9:20 – 9:50 How was World War I good for the United States?
12:57- 15:00 How did most of America and President Woodrow Wilson feel about entering the war? How did the sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Telegraph lead the United States into war?
Quick Historical Footnote- The United States entering the war helps turn the tide. The USA joins the Allies or Triple entente and this allows them to win the war.
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- World War I - Treaty of Versailles- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKzZ1OwPXgk
Interwar Period- Period between World War I and World War II- we will focus on two events, the global great depression of the 1930’s and the Spanish Civil War, which many historians call the preview World War II.
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website Global Impact of the great depression- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3mFvwLRjc0 Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website - Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYke_R9_ar8
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website - Guernica 3D- https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=jc1Nfx4c5LQ&feature=youtu.be
Historical note- Pablo Picasso made this painting of Guernica after the Fascists in Spain bombed the city of Guernica. When the asked him why he made this painting he reaction was, “No, you created this.”
World War II
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website - World War II Documentary- https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=jfRq-JeUCSM 2:09- 8:27 - How were The Nazis and Japan similar in the actions in the 1930’s? - Include Japanese aggression in Manchuria + Nanking Part I- War in Europe
9:50- 14:10, 15:10- 16:50 - Describe the response to Germany’s aggression and what were the consequences. Make sure to include both of the following: - Munich Conference - Treaty of Non-Aggression
Describe Germany’s advances in both Britain and The Soviet Union 24:50 – 26:30 – The Blitz
27:55 – 29:48 – Operation Barbarossa
58:22 – 101:00 Stalingrad
116:00 – 121:20 , 123:50 – 125:17 - D-Day- Ally invasion form Britain to France
147:00 – 150:30 – into the interior of Germany 37:23 – 38:18 - establishing “The Final Solution”
157:45 – 201:10 – End of War in Europe + Holocaust
War in Asia
Pearl Harbor – 29:48- 32:04, 34:40 – 36:50
46:55 - 50:15 Midway Island
140:00 – 141:40, 145:00 – 146:25 – Iwo Jima
203:20 – 208:05- Kamikaze, Okinawa + the Atomic Bomb –Hiroshima + Nagasaki Cold War
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website America in the 20th Century The Cold War- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zx-ExbqchEk Watch from 2:55 – 3:40- What was threatening peace in Europe after World War II? How did Britain and the US have differences from the Soviet Union?
13:20 – 17:10 – How did Joseph Stalin take over land and create their Soviet sphere of influence after World War II in Eastern Europe? What did Joseph Stain want and what was the policy of containment? How did the US President Truman respond? What was the Truman Doctrine?
17:10 –19:40 - What was the Marshall Plan? What would it cost and what was its purpose? How did events in Czechoslovakia push the Marshall Plan to pass? How was it successful?
19:45- 22:55- How was Germany divided after the Potsdam Conference after World War II? How were Western Germany and Eastern Germany different? Explain what the Berlin Blockade was and also what happened with the Berlin Airlift? What were the final results for Germany?
22:55- 23:28- Explain what NATO is and why it was created. Also, what was the Warsaw Pact?
23:28 – 24:35- Why was 1949 an explosive year for Communism?
Proxy wars- These were wars were the United States and the Soviet Union did not fit head to head, but instead fought though other countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa. Many countries around the world took sides with Captialist United States and NATO and Communist Soviet Union, China and The Warsaw Pact. - Here is one example- The Korean War
26:00- 36:00 What happened in the Korean War in 1950? How were the Soviet Union, China and the United states involved?
36:00- 37:00- How did the Korean War change America? What do you think Eisenhower meant by “military industrial complex?”
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website NHD 2008 NJ Winner- Anti-Nuclear Movement- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0W-Xaoe_fvI #39—Crash Course World History Video- Cold War Notes- google it! – taken from the AP World History website- thanks Jacqueline Garcia
1. The Cold War was a rivalry between the ______and the ______that played out globally. 2. ______, at least as Marx constructed it, wanted to take over the world, and many Soviets saw themselves in a conflict with bourgeois capitalism itself. The Soviets saw American rebuilding efforts in ______and ______as the U.S. trying to expand its markets.
3. The U.S. feared that the USSR wanted to destroy ______and capitalist institutions. And the Soviets feared that the US wanted to use its money and power to dominate Europe and eventually destroy the ______system. Both parties were right to be worried.
4. Of all the geopolitical struggles between major world powers this time there was the special added bonus that war could lead to the ______of the human species.
5. Immediately after World War II, the Soviets created a sphere of influence in Eastern ______, dominating the countries where the Red Army had pushed back the Nazis, which is why Winston
Churchill famously said in 1946 that an “______” had descended across Europe.
6. While the dates of the Cold War are usually given between 1945 and 1990, a number of historians will tell you that it actually started during World War II. ______distrust of the U.S. and
Britain kept growing as they refused to invade Europe and open up a second front against the Nazis.
And some even say that the decision to drop the first Atomic Bombs on ______was motivated in part by a desire to intimidate the Soviets.
7. The Soviets would develop atomic bombs of their own—they successfully tested their first one in
8. From the beginning, the U.S had the advantage because it had more ______and
______and could provide Europe protection what with its army and one of a kind nuclear arsenal while Europe rebuilt. The USSR had to rebuild itself.
9. Europe was the first battleground of the Cold War, especially ______, which was divided into 2 parts with the former capital, Berlin, also divided into 2 parts. In 1948, the Soviets tried to cut off West Berlin, by closing the main road that led into the city, but the Berlin ______10. Then in 1961, the Soviets tried again and this time they were much more successful building a _____ around West Berlin, although it’s worth noting that the thing was up for less than 30 years.
11. The U.S. response to the Soviets was a policy called ______. In Europe this meant spending a lot of money. First the ______Plan spent $13 billion on re-building Western Europe with grants and credits that Europeans would spend on American consumer goods and on construction.
12. The US also tried to slow the spread of communism by founding ______.
13. Probably the most important part of the Cold War that people just don’t remember these days is the nuclear ______. Both sides developed nuclear arsenals, the Soviets initially with the help of spies who stole American secrets. Eventually the nuclear arsenals were so big that the U.S. and
USSR agreed on a strategy appropriately called ______, which stood for “mutually assured
14. We were close to nuclear war during the 1962 ______Missile Crisis.
15. There was plenty of hot war in the Cold War. The ______War saw lots of fighting between communists and capitalists, as did the ______War. The USA feared “______
______” after Korea and especially China became communist, Vietnam’s movement toward communism seemed very much a threat to Japan, which the U.S. had helped re-make into a vibrant
16. But it wasn’t just Asia: The U. S. attempted to stabilize governments in ______
______; which led to some very unstable Latin American governments, and quite a lot of
17. And then there were the lukewarm conflicts, like The ______Crisis where British and
French paratroopers were sent in to try to stop Egypt from nationalizing the Suez Canal. Or all the
American covert operations by the ______to keep various countries from “falling” to communism.
18. The Soviets used force to crush popular uprisings in ______in 1956 and in Czechoslovakia in
19. Almost every part of the globe was involved in some way with the planet being divided into three
“worlds.” The first world was the U.S., Western Europe and any place that embraced
______and a more or less democratic form of government. The second world was the
______and its satellites, mostly the Warsaw Pact nations, China and Cuba. The Third World
20. During the Cold War, the Soviets were the first to put a ______, a man, and a dog into space.
21. Soviet socialism did not finally prove to be a viable alternative to industrial capitalism. Over time, ______-______economies just generally don’t fare as well as private enterprise, and people like living in a world where they can have more stuff.
22. More importantly, Soviet policies were just bad: collectivized ______stymied production and led to famine; suppression of dissent and traditional ______made people angry.
23. But why the Cold War ended when it did is one of the most interesting questions of the 20th century. It probably wasn’t Ronald Reagan bankrupting the Soviets, despite what some politicians believe. The USSR had more ______states that it needed to spend more to prop up than the U.S. had to invest in its Allies. And the Soviet system could never keep up with economic growth
24. Probably the individual most responsible for the end of the Cold War was Mikhail ______.
Perestroika and Glosnost opened up the Soviet political and economic systems with contested local elections, less restricted civil society groups, less censorship, more autonomy for the Soviet
Republics, more non-state- run businesses and more autonomy for state-run farms.
25. Glasnost or “______” led to more information from the west and less censorship led to a flood of criticism as people realized how much poorer the second world was than the first.
26. One by one, often quite suddenly, former communist states collapsed. In Germany, the
______came down in 1989 and East and West Germany were reunited in ______.
27. In Poland, the Gdansk dockworker’s union Solidarity turned into a mass political movement and won
_____ of the 100 seats it was allowed to contest in the 1989 election.
28. Hungary held ______elections in 1990. The same year, mass demonstrations led to elections in Czechoslovakia. In _____, that country split up into Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
29. Of course sometimes the transition away from communism was violent and painful. In
______, for instance, the communist dictator Ceaucescu held onto power until he was tried and put before a firing squad at the end of 1989. It took until 1996 for a non-communist government to take power there. In Yugoslavia, well, not so great… 1990-1997, Yugoslavia experienced civil war, ethnic cleansing, genocide, UN sanctions, war criminal trials…and would finally see the self determination on the Balkan Peninsula Woodrow Wilson dreamed of in his Fourteen Points. 30. Just twenty years later, it’s hard to believe that the world was once dominated by two
______held in check mutually assured destruction. Part II- Rise and Fall of Large Empires
The Soviet Union (1922- 1991)
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website - Vladimir Lenin Biography- https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=VxHUeHhdYz0
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website - USSR- the Rise the Fall the Legacy- AP Human Geography- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8b9haR_OM9g
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- The USSR History Creation- https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=8408Xo0P2B4 Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website Joseph Stalin Biography- http://www.biography.com/people/joseph-stalin- 9491723 Focus on the Purges
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Gorbachev's Policies of Glasnost and Perestroika Explanation and Significance- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obPy5zDhOPY&nohtml5=False Focus on: Stalin, Five Year Plan, Cold War, Détente, Ronald Regan (Pres. of USA most of 1980’s), Soviet War in Afghanistan
Big focus on Mikhail Gorbachev’s Reforms – Glasnost and Perestroika
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Glasnost and Perestroika: The Failed Reforms that Sparked a Revolution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_l19PrZC2o&nohtml5=False Focus on Glasnost, Perestroika, Mikhail Gorbachev , how Communism fell (The Coup- or attempted overthrow in August of 1991 in Moscow and what happened), and Boris Yeltsin Take notes, either by highlighting the Freemanpedia reading- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Fall of the Ottoman Empire, establishment of Modern Day Turkey
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- THE HISTORY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE - Discovery History Science (full documentary) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpPGxJT9qQI
Watch from 110:40- 116:00
What were the Sultans that followed Suleiman the Magnificent like after 1566?
What happened to the Janissaries like in the Ottoman Empire at the end of the empire?
What happened to the empire as it stopped growing or how did it become the “Sick man of Europe”?
What was the Dolmabahçe Palace like and how did it make the financial situation worse?
Describe what happened to the Armenians beginning in 1915 (This has been called the Aremenian Genocide).
Describe Mustafa Kemal’s rise to power (He will later be called Ataturk). What happened at the end of World War I for the Ottomans after 1918?
Describe what Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) did after the war that created the modern nation of Turkey.
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Battle Over History - A Genocide- https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=ZwcDvt_ki-k&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active Take notes on the view of the Armenian Genocide
Fall of the Qing, The Chinese
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- 1911: The Fall of the Qing Dynasty- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7oQrpk6_wk Explain how the effect the first Japanese-Sino War had on the Qing Dynasty.
Explain how Empress Cixi ruled Qing China. How did Sun Yat-Sen try to reform and then become a revolutionary and lead the Wuchang Uprising ?
What happened on January 1st 1912, with the 15 provinces (large states)?
What happened with Yuan Chiki come to power?
How did China become Communist?
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Overview of Chinese History from 1911 – 1949- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9QtIfPIQl4 Focus on the main names and timeline used in this lecture
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- The Chinese Civil War - Blood for Unity l HISTORY OF CHINA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klAjaujdE6M Focus on the following – Chiang Kai-Shek, Nationalist Guomingdang Party (these are the “Nationalists” or GMD), Mao Zedong, Nationalists vs Communists (they fight each other in the Civil War – Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-Shek and Nationalists led by Mao Zedong), Three armies marching north (“The Long March), Japan’s role in China- 2nd Japanese- Sino War/World War II, Why China got more support from the poor peasants in the country, 1949 – what happened to Mao and Chiang Kai Shek and the “Nationalists”. # 37-Crash Course World History Video Notes: Communists, Nationalists, and China & Revolutions- Posted on Freemanpedia 6.2 – Stolen notes from the AP World History Teachers Facebook Page
1. The 20th century was pretty big for China because it saw not one but two revolutions: one in 1911 and the more famous ______revolution of 1949.
2. So as you know doubt recall China lost the Opium wars in the 19th century, resulting in European domination, ______, et cetera, all of which was deeply embarrassing to the Qing dynasty and led to calls for reform.
3. One strand of reform that called for China to adopt European military technology and education systems was called ______-______, and it was probably would have been a great idea, considering how well that worked for Japan. But it never happened in China--
4. Instead, China experienced the disastrous anti-Western ______Rebellion of 1900, which helped spur some young liberals, including one named Sun Yat Sen, to plot the overthrow of the dynasty. 5. Sun Yat Sen, helped establish the ______of China based on three principles of the people:
______, Democracy, and the People’s ______.
6. So the 1911 revolution led to the end of the ______Dynasty when the emperor (Puyi) abdicated and a new government was created.
7. Localism reasserted itself with large-scale ______with small-scale ______ruling all the parts of China that weren’t controlled by foreigners.
8. So the period in Chinese history between 1912 and 1949 is sometimes called the Chinese Republic, although that gives the government a bit too much credit. The leading group trying to re-form China into a nation state was the Guomindang (Kuomintang) but after 1920 the Chinese ______
Party (CCP) was also in the mix.
9. An alliance between Communists and ______formed to reunify China. But then Sun Yat
Sen died in 1925 and the alliance fell apart in 1927.
10. This turned out to be a bad break up for a bunch of reasons, but mainly because it started a
______between the Communists and the Nationalists.
11. Even though ______Zedong emerged victorious, he and the communists were almost wiped out in
1934 except that they made a miraculous and harrowing escape, trekking from southern China to the mountains in the north in what has become famously known as the ______.
12. For much of the time the Guomindang was trying to crush the CCP, significant portions of China were being occupied and/or invaded by ______.
13. In spite of the fact that Chiang Kai Shek had extensive support from the ______each time the
Nationalists failed against the Japanese, their prestige among their fellow Chinese diminished. It wasn’t helped by Nationalist ______or their collecting onerous taxes from Chinese peasants, or stories about Nationalist troops putting on civilian clothes and abandoning the city of
Nanking during its awful destruction by the Japanese army in 1937.
14. Meanwhile, the Communists were winning over the peasants in their northwestern enclave by making sure that troops didn’t pillage local land and by giving peasants a greater say in local ______.
15. In a preview of things to come, in 1942 Mao initiated a “rectification” program. Which basically meant students and intellectuals were sent down into the ______to give them a taste of what “real China” was like in an effort to re-educate them.
16. Within ______years of the end of World War II the Communists routed Chiang Kai Shek’s armies and sent them off to Taiwan and these military victories paved the way for Mao to declare the
______of China on October 1, 1949.
17. So once in power, Mao and the PRC were faced with the task of creating a new, socialist state. Mao declared early on that the ______class in China would be the leaders of a “people’s democratic dictatorship.”
18. The PRC promised equal rights for ______, rent reduction, ______redistribution, new heavy industry and lots of freedoms.
19. Land redistribution and reform meant destroying the power of landlords, often violently. But centralizing power and checking individual ambition proved difficult for the government, and it was made harder by China’s involvement in the ______War, which helped spur the first mass campaign of Mao’s democratic dictatorship.
20. Between October 1950 and August 1951 28,332 people accused of being spies or counter-
______were executed in Guandong city alone.
21. Mao and the CCP set out to turn China into an ______powerhouse by following the Soviet model.
22. Under the Soviet system, Russia was able to accomplish massive industrialization-- not to mention tens of millions of deaths from starvation-- through ______planning and collectivization of
______, following what were known as ______Year Plans.
23. The Chinese Five Year Plans began in 1953 and the first one worked even better than expected, with industry increasing ______more than projected. In order for this to work though, the peasants had to grow lots of grain and sell it at extremely low prices which kept inflation in check.
24. For ______workers, living standards improved and China’s population grew to 646 million.
25. There was no way that China could keep up that growth, especially without some backsliding into
______. So Mao came up with the ______.
26. Mao essentially decided that the nation could be psyched up into more industrial productivity. He famously ordered that individuals build small steel ______in their backyard to increase steel production.
27. The worst idea was to pay for heavy machinery from the USSR with exported ______. This meant there was less for peasants to eat—and as a result, between 1959 and 1962, _____ million people died,
28. By the middle of the sixties, Mao was afraid that China’s revolution was running out of steam, and he didn’t want China to end up just a bureaucratized ______state like most of the Soviet bloc…so, the ______Revolution was an attempt to capture the glory days of the revolution and fire up the masses, and what better way to do that than to empower the kids.
29. Frustrated students who were unable find decent, fulfilling jobs jumped at the chance to denounce their ______, employers, and sometimes even their ______and to tear down tradition, which often meant demolishing buildings and art.
30. The ranks of these “______” swelled and anyone representing the so-called
“____ olds” —old culture, old habits, old ideas, and old customs—was subject to humiliation and violence. Intellectuals were again sent to the ______as they were in 1942; millions were persecuted; and countless historical and religious artifacts were destroyed.
31. But the real aim of the Cultural Revolution was to consolidate Mao’s revolution, and while his image still looms large, it’s hard to say that China these days is a ______state.
32. Many would argue that Mao’s revolution was extremely short-lived, and that the real change in China happened in 1911. That’s when the Chinese Republic ended ______years of dynastic history and forever broke the cyclical pattern the Chinese had used to understand their past.
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Mao Zedong - The life of Chairman Mao Declassified History Documentary- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5u8LjN66uo&nohtml5=False Begin watching at 3:00
3:00- 4:50 What were the strengths of Mao Zedong?
4:50 - 6:05 What happened when Mao Zedong went to the Soviet Union for help and why did their relationship fall?
6:05 - 7:10- Describe what was the Great Leap Forward and what was the result of The Great Leap Forward.
13:25 – 32:30 How did Mao Zedong use the Cultural Revolution to take back power, what was Jiang Qing’s (Mao Zedong’s wife) and describe the effects of the Cultural Revolution – (be sure to include The Little Red Book, struggle sessions and The Red Guard).
36:00 – 40:30 How did the Cultural Revolution end? What role did the United States play in it?
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- What Happened in Tiananmen Square?- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdhVe2MmPbE
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Tank Man https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=g0gD523fwU8&ebc=ANyPxKqf0Hv2d- NoX0pyQm_MQjgSXK7x_eYUDRJSPu45ANjEvI3Y400ag0wUwWtCnvR8GrsRbC0LFMVShF3HUyjB4J8Ijak44A Begin taking note at 1:30- 8:40
What happened in June of 1989 at Tiananmen Square?
What happened on June 5th 1989 with the “Tank Man?”
- What effect did this man have?
8:45- 11:30- How did these protest begin and what were people protesting against and what did they want?
11:45- 12:35 -Why was it such a big deal when workers got more involved in the protest, instead of just being student led? 12:45- 16:10- What happened when troops were first brought in to Tiananmen Square?
16:10 – 28:10 - How did the Chinese army come in the second time in Tiananmen Square on June 3rd, 1989 and what was the result?
28:15- 30:50 What happened the next day on June 4th, 1989?
30:50 –35:07 - What were the results of the Tiananmen massacre?
Take notes, either by highlighting the Freemanpedia reading- Qing Downfall to People’s Republic of China Part III Independence Movements and Decolonization- Recovering from Imperialism- The Good, The Bad and The Ugly
Indian Independence Movement and Partition
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- The Indian Independence Movement (Guest Teacher: Mr. Guilford) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnGZ4MyNlLA&nohtml5=False
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Mahatma Gandhi Biography http://www.biography.com/people/mahatma-gandhi-9305898
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Pakistan And India Partition 1947 - The Day India Burned - by roothmens- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ppMJGxcFACg Beginning to 1:30 – Overview- What happens when Britain leaves India and India becomes two countries, India and Pakistan?
2:40 – 5:10- What was the population like in India before it became independent with religions (Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs)- Focus on what was Lahore like as a city? 6:20 – 7:20 What has the independence movement like by 1946 and what effect did World War II have on the British controlling India?
9:50 – 10:40 - Why was there a demand for a separate Muslim homeland? What role did Muhammad Ali Jinnah have in this?
12:40 – 18:30 - What happened in Calcutta in August 16, 1946? What did this lead to?
18:30 – 21:55 How did Mahatma Gandhi try to bring India back together? Did this work? Why or why not?
39:00- 42:35 What deal did Jawaharlal (Pandit) Nehru and Muhammad Ali Jinnah agree to with Partition? What did the British do after this deal and what did this do to the pace of partition?
45:10- 48:45, 56:40- 102:10- What happened in Lahore, which was in the Punjab region before partition and was uncertain whether it would be in India or Pakistan?
102:10 – 106:30- What happened on August 14, 1947? What happened the next day? 106:30 – 126:30 What happened when the borders where drawn for India and Pakistan?
#40—Crash Course World History Video Notes – Decolonization – This is linked on Freemanpedia and of course was taken from the AP World History Page- by Jacqueline Garcia
1. As we’ve seen from Egypt to Alexander the Great to China to Rome to the Mongols, who, for once, are not the exception here, to the Ottomans and the Americas, ______has long been the dominant way we’ve organized ourselves politically-- or at least the way that other people have organized us.
2. The late 20th century was not the first time that empires disintegrated. Rome comes to mind; also the
Persians; and of course the ______Revolution ended one kind of European imperial experiment. But in all those cases, Empire struck back...Britain lost its 13 colonies, but later controlled half of ______and all of ______.
3. What makes the recent decolonization so special is that at least so far, no empires have emerged to replace the ones that fell. This was largely due to World War II because on some level, the Allies were fighting to stop ______imperialism: Hitler wanted to take over Central Europe, and Africa, and probably the
Middle East-- and the Ally defeat of the Nazis discredited the whole idea of empire.
4. The English, French, and Americans found it difficult to continue their imperialistic ventures after the war since the ______troops fought alongside them; plus, most of the big colonial powers-- had been significantly ______by World War II. 5. So, post-war ______happened all over the place: the British colony that had once been
“______” became three independent nations. In Southeast Asia, French ______became
Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. And the Dutch East Indies became ______. When we think about decolonization, we mostly think about Africa.
6. Decolonization throughout Afro-Eurasia had some similar characteristics: a. It occurred in the context of the ______, many of these new nations had to choose between b. While many of these new countries eventually adopted some form of ______, the road there c. Also decolonization often involved ______, usually the overthrow of colonial elites.
7. But we’ll turn now to the most famous nonviolent decolonization: that of ______.
8. So the story begins, more or less, in 1885 with the founding of the Indian ______
______whose leaders were usually from the elite classes.
9. The best known Indian nationalist, Mohandas K. ______. A British educated lawyer born to a wealthy family, he’s known for making his own clothes, his long ______, and his battles to alleviate poverty, improve the rights of ______, and achieve a unified Indian independence from Britain. In terms of decolonization, he stands out for his use of ______.
10. Gandhi and his compatriot Jawaharlal ______believed that a single India could continue to be ruled by Indian elites and somehow transcend the tension between the country’s ______majority and its sizable ______minority.
11. In this they were less practical than their contemporary, Muhammad Ali ______, the leader of the
Muslim League who felt-- "that the unified India of which the Congress spoke was an artificial one, created and maintained by British ______.”
12. Jinnah proved correct and in 1947 when the British left, their Indian colony was partitioned into the modern state of India and West and East ______, the latter of which became Bangladesh in 1971.
13. While it’s easy to congratulate both the British and the Indian governments on an orderly and nonviolent transfer of power, the reality of partition was neither orderly nor nonviolent. About _____ million people were displaced as ______in Pakistan moved to India and ______in India moved to Pakistan; as people left their homes, sometimes unwillingly, there was violence.
14. Indonesia, a huge nation of over ______islands, was exploited by the ______with the system of kultuurstelsel, in which all peasants had to set aside one fifth of their land to grow cash crops for export to the Netherlands. This accounted for 25% of the total Dutch national budget. socialist and capitalist influences, which shaped their futures.
15. The Dutch couldn’t even defend their colony from the ______, who occupied it for most of World
War II, during which time the Japanese furthered the cause of Indonesian ______by placing native
Indonesians in more prominent positions of power.
16. After the war, the Dutch-- with British help-- tried to hold onto their Indonesian colonies with so-called
“______,” which went on for more than four years before Indonesia finally won its
17. Over in the French colonies of ______, so called because they were neither Indian nor Chinese, things were even more violent...
18. The end of colonization was disastrous in ______, where the 17-year reign of Norodom Sihanouk gave way to the rise of the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, massacred a stunning _____ of Cambodia’s population
19. In Vietnam, the French fought communist-led nationalists, especially ______from almost the moment World War II ended until 1954, when the French were defeated. Then the Americans quickly took over from the French, as part of the containment policy; communists did not fully control Vietnam until
20. You’ll remember that Egypt bankrupted itself in the 19th century, trying to industrialize and ever since had been ruled by an Egyptian king who took his orders from the ______. So while technically Egypt had been independent since 1922, it was very dependent independence.
21. But, that changed in the 1950s, when the king was overthrown by the army in a coup led by Gemal Abdul
______, who proved brilliant at playing the US and the USSR off each other to the benefit of Egypt.
22. Nasser’s was a largely secular nationalism, and he and his successors saw one of the other anti-imperialistic nationalist forces in Egypt, the ______, as a threat. So once in power, Nasser and the army banned the Muslim Brotherhood, forcing it underground, where it would disappear and never become an issue again….or at least until 2011 with the “Arab Spring”.
23. Central and Southern Africa colonial boundaries became redefined as the borders of new nation states, even where those boundaries were arbitrary or, in some cases, pernicious. The best known example is in
______, where two very different tribes, the Hutu and the Tutsis were combined into one nation.
24. The colonizers’ focus on value ______really hurt these new nations. Europeans claimed to bring civilization and economic development to their colonies, but this economic development focused solely on building infrastructure to get ______and export them.
25. When the Europeans left, African nations did not have the ______necessary to thrive in the post- war industrial world. They had very few ______, for instance, and even fewer universities.
26. Also, in many of these new countries, the traditional elites had been undermined by ______. Most
Europeans didn’t rule their African possessions directly but rather through the proxies of local rulers. And once the Europeans left, those local rulers, the upper classes, were seen as illegitimate ______. This meant that a new group of rulers had to rise up to take their place, often with very little ______
27. Mostly strongmen have emerged, of course, from the military: Joseph Mobutu seized power in the
______, which he held from 1965 until his death in 1997. Idi Amin was military dictator of
______from 1971 to 1979. Muammar Gaddafi ruled ______from 1977 until 2011.
28. While the continent does have less ______and lower levels of ______than other regions in the world, many African nations show strong and consistent signs of growth despite the challenges of decolonization. Botswana for instance has gone from 70% ______to 85% in the past 15 years and has seen steady GDP growth over 5%. Benin’s economy has grown in each of the past _____ years, which is better than Europe or the U. S. can say. In 2002, Kenya’s life expectancy was 47; today it’s ______.
Ethiopia’s per capita _____ has doubled over the past 10 years; and Mauritania has seen its ______mortality rate fall by more than 40%. Now, this progress is spotty and fragile, but it’s important to note that these nations have existed, on average, only 50 years. Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- The World Before Us - Dr Kwame Nkrumah (History Channel)- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIr09k_LMo E How does Kwame Kkrumah have both a positive and negative legacy? (What are the good and bad aspects about him)
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- The World Before Us - Dr Kwame Nkrumah (History Channel)- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIr09k_LMoE 4:10 – 6:45- Where was Kwame Nkrumah born and what was his early life like? What happened when he went to study in the United States and what is the idea of Pan-Africanism?
6:45- 8:30 - What happened to Nkrumah when he returned to Africa? – focus on what happened in 1948 and the UGCC.
8:30 – 12:25 - Describe Nkrumah rise in the 1950’s and the independence of both Ghana and other African countries.
14:35 – 17:40- What were the results of Nkrumah establishing Ghana as a one-party state? 19:25- 20:40 - What happened to the economy of Ghana and what was Ghana doing for other countries in Africa like Guinea?
20:40 – 24:35 How did Kwame Nkrumah lose power?
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website Du Bois, Garvey and Pan Africanism- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SXxCN3vFV8 Explain what Pan-Africanism is and what the role of W.E.B. DuBois and Marcus Garvey’s role were in it
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Decolonization of Africa- https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=4pLwrvt82HU Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- The Angolan War of Independence- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJFkB58p57c Beginning to – 1:50- How did Portugal colonize Angola over many years from the 1400’s by 1917 and what did Portugal do that made them very unpopular to the population of Angola?
1:50 – 3:30 did Angola seek their independence through revolutionary parties? (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola, The National Front for the Liberation of Angola, National Movement for the Total Independence of Angola). You do not need many details on each party, just know there were parties that were working for independence in different ways. 3-4 details total is ok.
3:30 – 4:00 - How did other nations get involved in the Angola War (think Cold War)?
4:00 – 6:50 - Take 4-5 notes on the events that led to protests, riots and Portugal’s response which led to Angola’s independence.
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s Algerian War of Independence 1954-62- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-dlw_nzKgI Watch and take notes from the key points of the lecture/PowerPoint from 1:30- Read and take notes from the following site from Mr. Wood’s Webpage: Algerian War - http://www.britannica.com/event/Algerian-War
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s Veterans: The French in Algeria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOPfoaTaINU&nohtml5=False
1:35- 2:30 - How did the French see the territory of Algeria? What was the difference between French and Native and Muslim residents?
2:30 – 4:40 - What happened in 1954 as the conflict began (make sure to focus the FLN)? Why did France not want to call this a war?
6:40 –11:50 - Explain how the violence in the war increased, especially in what was known as “The Battle of Algiers? How was torture used by the French? What was the end result of the The Battle of Algiers? What was happening with opinions about the independence movement?
12:50 – 13:20 - What happened on July 5th 1962? What was the cost of this battle of independence? 16:50 – 18:35- What happened to the 150,000 Algerian Muslims who fought for France after Algeria became independent?
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website The Most Evil Men In History - Idi Amin- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyaTWKv44Hs Begin watching at 1:40 –4:00 - How did Idi Amin grow up? What were in strengths?
6:53- end How did Idi Amin come to power and what did he promise the people of Uganda? What did he do to people who were against him? Why was he relationship like with Britain? How did he use humor and jokes to get what he wanted? How did his rule have a pattern of corruption and violence and ruin the economy of Uganda?
20:15- end - How did Idi Amin after he invaded Tanzania? Where did he end up? (He did die in 2003, the film is a bit old) Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Vietnam: A Television History (Part 1) - Roots of a War (1945-1953) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V329G-c-06E 11:35- 14:00- What happened when the French came in to Vietnam in the 1800’s and early 1900’s?
14:00- 15:30- Describe Ho Chi Minh and how fought for Vietnamese Independence. Thought question – Why do you think that Ho Chi Minh became Communist?
15:30 – 16:50 - How did France view their “Colonial Record?” How did this end in 1940 and how did the Japanese impact the Vietnamese?
18:30 – 20:00- What was life in 1945 in Vietnam? Who did the people blame? How did he Viet Minh, an independence group led by Ho Chi Minh gain support from the people at this time?
20:00 – 22:50- How did he Viet Minh and Ho Chi Minh and the United States in World War II work together fighting against Japan?
22:50 – 26:30 - What happened after the war with Vietnam Independence? (Uncle Ho is Ho Chi Minh) 26:30 -34:20 What was the response form the United States, Britain and especially France in Vietnam and to Ho Chi Minh and what happened to South Vietnam and what did this lead to?
34:20 –36:35 Describe what happened in the fighting of the “1st Vietnam War” with the French and the Viet Minh led by Ho Ci Minh.
36:35- 41:45- Describe what happened when the French created the State of Vietnam with Bao Dai in charge. What side did Mao Zedong and China and also the Soviet Union take in the war? What side did he United States take? What happened because of this?
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Vietnam: A Television History (Part 2) - The First Vietnam War (1945-54) https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=N7rRhXQiSyo&ebc=ANyPxKoXrVnQPIfAwClxBXmEKUDGQiTuFX6z30Q9V5FNK51p- e1YTGFEATUZoxyEKlKWEJqqP8ouVMoN6JTJ6wSXjrYOcEbCDQ Watch from the beginning to 0:30 – What did the French expect to happen in the First Vietnam War? What was the result?
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Vietnam War- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9e9GWdT2pEQ Focus on the key events of the timeline Historical Footnote- Cambodia is a neighboring country of Vietnam and also close to China in Asia. Pol Pot follows Communism to an extreme and take power during and after the Vietnam War.
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website The Most Evil Men In History - Pol Pot- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=My5p4vk1sog Begin watching at 1:10 – 4:00
How did Pol Pot grow up and what was his education and beliefs?
Around 4:00- 5:00 - How did he gain power?
Around 5:20 – 10:00, 12:10 -17:00- What did he do to the society? What kind of violence took place? What were the results of his decisions that were carried out by is party the Khmer Rouge?
Around 19:30 – End What ended up happening to Pol Pot? Read and take notes from the following site- Pan-Arabism http://www.britannica.com/topic/Pan-Arabism
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- A Question of Arab unity- Why Unity?- 28 Jan 08- Ep 1- Part 1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwpx-mJgy38 Watch and take notes from 3:18 – 10:30 - What does it mean to be an Arab in history? What is the role of being a Arab with Islam?
Watch the following video/lecture from Mr. Wood’s website- A Question of Arab unity- Why Unity?- 28 Jan 08-Ep 1- Part 2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUZhfv-68Fs Watch from the beginning to 1:50 - Describe what happened in the Arab awakening or Arabism. Part IV- Unresolved Issues of Today
Watch the following video/lecture from Mr. Wood’s website- What Is Life Really Like In Quebec, Canada? - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFzUEODE3gg Stop at 2:30.
Read and take notes from the following site - QUEBEC SEPARATISM-
HTTP://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/PLACE/CANADA/QUEBEC-SEPARATISM#REF477774
Watch the following video/lecture from Mr. Wood’s website The Reasons Behind Quebec's Sovereignty Movement- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnBb_X4fcpY You do not need too many notes- Focus on how close Quebec came to becoming an independent country from the rest of Canada.
Watch the following video/lecture from Mr. Wood’s website Apartheid Explained- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7yvnUz2PLE Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website Nelson Mandela - Mini Biography- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UqoYmx_L-Xs
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website - Martin Luther King, Jr. - Mini Bio- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ank52Zi_S0
Read and do the MAPP steps from the following – Letter From Birmingham City Jail (Excerpts) Martin Luther King, Jr. April 16, 1963 http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/letter-from-birmingham-city-jail-excerpts/ Issues and Problems of recent history
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website The History of Palestine- https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=n3bxj1uvDXU
Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website Rwandan Genocide Documentary- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgYpMcbvUVA Historical Footnote- Britain had taken over and colonized Ireland, Britain is mostly protestant and Ireland is mostly Catholic. In 1921 Ireland became an independent country, expect for Northern Ireland which is part of the United Kingdom- where England is the dominant country. The IRA has been fighting for Northern Ireland to become part of Ireland.
What Is The Irish Republican Army (IRA)? - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utWe4Pb6eqw
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Take notes on this video from Mr. Wood’s website – the life of Osama Bin Laden https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=icX6FjyV-p0