Quiz 1 Study List

Quiz 1 Study Guide Force and Motion - 8th Grade Science – Miss Fox Refer to your Science Journal Some analysis, activities and graphic organizers from class will be on the Quiz!

Scientific Skills: Hypothesis - A tentative theory used to explain a set of facts. A hypothesis can lead to further investigation to test whether the hypothesis is valid (predication/educated guess). Variable - A factor in a scientific experiment that can vary. Controlled variable - A variable in an investigation or experiment that is held constant. Tested variable - A variable that is changed in a systematic way in an experiment or investigation in order to determine its effect. Error - Unavoidable variation between a measurement and the true value of a quantity that occurs when measurements cannot be made with greater accuracy. Observation - Any description or measurement gathered by the senses.  Qualitative Description - observation or analysis of a substance based on its qualities.  Quantitative Description - observation or analysis of a substance based on measurements. Evidence - Factual information or data that supports or refutes a claim. Observations or data to support a statement, hypothesis, or point of view. Data- Information gathered from an experiment. First-hand evidence from the five senses or from machines that extend our senses. Evidence - Factual information or data that supports or refutes a claim. Observations or data to support a statement, hypothesis, or point of view. Trade-off - An exchange of one outcome for another—giving up something that is a benefit or advantage in exchange for something that may be more desirable.

The physics of motion is all about forces. Forces need to act upon an object to get it moving, or to change its motion. Changes in motion won't just happen on their own.

Energy is the ability to cause objects to change, move, or work. Kinetic and potential energies are found in all objects. If an object is moving, it is said to have kinetic energy (KE). Potential energy (PE) is energy that is "stored" because of the position and/or arrangement of the object.

Speed - The rate at which an object moves, equal to the distance traveled per time interval. Acceleration - The rate at which an object changes speed and/or direction. Deceleration - The process of slowing down or stopping.

Rate - A ratio of two different kinds of measurements. Speed, the ratio of distance to time, is an example. Time interval - The time between two events. Distance - The length measured between two points. Slope - The steepness of a line, calculated by determining the ratio of the change in the vertical axis by the change in the horizontal axis from one point to another on the line.

Motion Graph (Know how to interpret motion graphs – refer to lab from class)

Force - A push or pull. Mass – The amount of matter in an object or system. Weight - The vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity. m/s2 - Unit used to express acceleration; meters per second per second. Newton (N) - The (SI) unit for force; 1 kg x 1 m/s2.