Constructive Destructive Processes

Name______Class______Date______Skills Worksheet Constructive Destructive Processes

USING KEY TERMS The statements below are false. For each statement, replace the underlined term to make a true statement. 1. A stream that flows into a lake or into a larger stream is a water cycle. ______2. The area along a river that forms from sediment deposited when the river overflows is a delta. ______

For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ. 4. divide and watershed ______

UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS Multiple Choice ______7. Which of the following processes is not part of the water cycle? a. evaporation c. condensation b. percolation d. deposition ______8. Which features are common in youthful river channels? a. meanders c. rapids b. floodplains d. sandbars ______9. Which depositional feature is found at the coast? a. delta c. alluvial fan b. floodplain d. placer deposit Short Answer

10.___Identifying Relationships What is water’s role in erosion and deposition? ______

11. Analyzing Processes What are the features of a river channel that has a steep gradient? ______

INTERPRETING GRAPHICS The hydrograph below illustrates data collected on river flow during field investigations over a period of 1 year. The discharge readings are from the Yakima River, in Washington. Use the hydrograph below to answer the questions that follow.

12. In which months is there the highest river discharge? ______13. Why is there such a high river discharge during these months? ______14. What might cause the peaks in river discharge between November and March? ______

USING KEY TERMS For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ. 15. shoreline and longshore current ______16. beaches and dunes ______17. deflation and saltation ______18. continental glacier and alpine glacier ______19. stratified drift and till ______20. mudflow and creep ______

UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS Multiple Choice ______21. Surf refers to a. large storm waves in the open ocean. b. giant waves produced by hurricanes. c. breaking waves near the shoreline. d. small waves on a calm sea. ______22. When waves cut completely through a headland, a _____ is formed. a. sea cave c. wave-cut terrace b. sea cliff d. sand bar ______23. A narrow strip of sand that is formed by wave deposition and is connected to the shore is called a a. barrier spit. c. wave-cut terrace. b. sandbar. d. headland. ______24. A wind-eroded depression is called a a. deflation hollow. c. dune.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 34 Agents of Erosion and Deposition Name______Class______Date______b. desert pavement. d. dust bowl. ______25. What term describes all types of glacial deposits? a. glacial drift c. till b. dune d. outwash ______26. Which of the following is NOT a landform created by an alpine glacier? a. cirque c. horn b. deflation hollow d. arête ______27. What is the term for a mass movement that is of volcanic origin? a. lahar c. creep b. slump d. rock fall ______28. Which of the following is a slow mass movement? a. mudflow c. creep b. landslide d. rock fall Short Answer 29. Why do waves break when they near the shore? ______30. Why are some areas more affected by wind erosion than other areas are? ______31. What kind of mass movement happens continuously, day after day? ______32. In what direction do sand dunes move? ______33. Describe the different types of glacial moraines. ______

34. Making Inferences How do humans increase the likehood that wind erision will occur? ______35. Identifying Relationship If the large ice sheet covering Antarctica were to melt completely, what type of landscape would you expect Antarctica to have? ______

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 35 Agents of Erosion and Deposition Name______Class______Date______36. Applying Concepts You are a geologist who is studying rock to determine the direction of flow of an ancient glacier What clues might help you determine the glacier's direction of flow? ______37. Applying Concepts You are interested in purchasing a home that overlooks the ocean. The home that you want to buy sits atop a steep sea cliff. Given what you have learned about shoreline erosion, what factors would you take into consideration when deciding whether to buy the home? ______

INTERPRETING GRAPHICS The graph below illustrates coastal erosion and deposition at an imaginary beach over a period of 8 years. Use the graph below to answer the questions that follow.

37. What is happening to the beach over time? ______38. In what year does the amount of erosion equal the amount of deposition? ______

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 36 Agents of Erosion and Deposition Name______Class______Date______39. Based on the erosion and deposition data for 2005, what might happen to the beach in the years that follow 2005? ______