Define the Term Cell: Basic Unit of Structure and Function in Living Things

Name: ______Period: ______Date:______

H Biology Organelles 7.2 Cell Structure Define the term cell: basic unit of structure and function in living things Define the term organelle: specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within eukaryotic cells

Structure Function P E Structure/Sketch ANALOGY P A Cellular Nucleus CONTROL CENTER Main Control OF CELL, office/boss/ Center CONTAINS DNA computer

Nucleolus Site of ribosome synthesis

Chromatin Stores hereditary Flash info - Complex of drive/hard DNA bound to drive store proteins info Chromosomes Condensed chromatin – found during cell division Nuclear Double membrane Membrane lined with pores Nuclear pore Pores that allow substances to enter and leave nucleus Organelles Vacuoles Store materials Storage area that store, Plant – central – clean-up, large stores water and support Contractile – rids organism of excess water Vesicles Store and move materials between cell organelles and to/from cell surface Lysosomes Contain digestive Rare Clean up enzymes to break crew/ down and recycle recycling macromolecules center Cytoskeleton Maintain cell shape; Beams of move cell parts, help building cell move

Microtubules Maintain cell shape, make up cilia, flagella and centrioles

Microfilaments Contribute to cell movement Centrioles Organize cell Secretary division bc they organize Organelles Ribosomes Site of protein (see below) Workers that build synthesis proteins Endoplasmic Assembles lipids Highway / Reticulum and proteins, conveyor provides pathway belt for molecules to move w/in cell

Rough ER Has ribosomes – produces proteins

Smooth ER No ribosomes – builds lipids, detoxifies Golgi apparatus Modifies, sorts, and Post office / packages proteins shipping and lipids for center storage or transport out of cell Organelles Chloroplasts Convert solar Solar power that Photosynthesis energy to chemical plant capture and energy (carbs) release stored in food ENERGY Mitochondria Convert chemical Powerhouse Cellular Respiration energy in food to power plant usable compounds

Cellular Cell Wall Shapes, supports Gate Boundaries and protects the cell Cell Membrane Regulates materials Door/Gate entering and leaving keeper cell; protects and supports cell Fluid Cytoplasm Jelly like material portion (even outside of though nucleus no nucleus) ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS o Describe the steps involved in the synthesis, packaging, and exporting of a protein from a cell. Proteins assembled on ribosomes (if targeted for export to cm or to specialized locations w/in cell, complete their assembly on RER protein in vesicle  Golgi apparatus (further modifies, proteins before sorting and packaging them in membrane bound vesicles  vesicle  final destination o What are the two major parts of the cell? Cytoplasm with organelles, and nucleus o How do contractive vacuoles help maintain water balance? Pump out excess water o What is the difference between rough and smooth ER? Rough has ribosomes, smooth does not o Why is the cell membrane sometimes referred to as a fluid mosaic? What part of the cell membrane acts like a fluid? And what makes it like a mosaic? It is made of many parts (like a mosaic) that can float around in the fluid phospholipid bilayer o How do the properties of lipids help explain the structure of the cell membrane? Hydrophilic lipid heads are attracted to water, hydrophobic fatty acid tails turn away from water. A bilayer forms when heads turn outward towards water inside and outside a cell o Why do you think it’s important that cell membranes are selectively permeable? Allows needed substances to enter and wastes to leave, while keeping molecules that are not needed out