Review for Test on Chapter 7 and 8

Review for Test on Cells (3.1 and 3.2)

Be able to define the following terms: unicellular, organelle, multicellular, tissue, organ, organ system and organism Be able to explain the function of the basic parts of a (compound light) microscope including the diaphragm and course and fine adjustment knobs. Be able to explain that the total magnification of a microscope is found by multiplying the eyepiece lens magnification times the objective lens magnification. Be able to explain the three parts of the Cell Theory. Be able to explain the effect of increased size on the surface area to volume ratio, and be able to explain why increased size has this effect on the ratio. Be able to explain why having adequate surface area is critical for supporting the needs of the cell (notes and p. 128-129) Be able to explain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and be able to name types of organisms composed of these cell types. Know that while prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound organelles, they do contain DNA, ribosomes and are surrounded by a cell membrane (and sometimes a cell wall). Be able to explain the effect of internal organization (organelles) on maximum cell size and know that this is due to the increased efficiency of the cell since each organelle is specialized for a specific function. Be able to relate this to the typical size of prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells. Be able to explain the function and basic shape of the following organelles (be able to identify on a cell diagram): Plasma (cell) membrane Vesicles Cell wall Central vacuole Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) Ribosomes Golgi apparatus Cytoplasm Lysosome Cytoskeleton Cilia Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) Flagella (singular: flagellum) Chloroplast Be able to explain 3 differences between plant and animal cells. Understand that while eukaryotic cells share many of the same organelles, they are specialized for different functions in most multicellular organisms (different tissue types). Be able to explain the Endosymbiotic Theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells and be able to give two pieces of evidence that support this theory. (See supplemental notes and the textbook page 351.p)