EDU 5516 Practicum in Jewish Education

Micah Peltz Carole Gould EDU 5516 Practicum in Jewish Education Prof. Jeffrey Kress & Cheryl Magen February 6, 2006

Food Glorious Food! Table of Contents

Program Outline...…………………………………………………………………….3

Budget…………………………………………………………………………………5

Appendices:

Station #1: Text (Treasure) Hunt Worksheet………………………………………..14

Station #2: Hilkhot Birkat HaMazon Skits………………………………………….15

Station #3: History and Composition of Birkat HaMazon Source Sheets….……….16

Station #4: World Hunger Facts Quiz….……………………………………………19

Station #5: Sheet music: Shir haMa’alot……………………………………………20

2 Food Glorious Food!

Core concept: Birkat HaMazon Essential Question: Why/how do we bless our food?

Population: Ramah Campers 14-16 Size of Group: 150 people Time: Yom MeYuchad, 2-3 hours

Educational objectives: -To gain a deeper understanding of the meaning and practice of Birkat HaMazon. -To explore the history of the prayer in an entertaining way. -To make Birkat HaMazon cards for personal use.

Instructional goals: -Hanihim will be able to identify the source texts for this prayer in the Tanakh. -Hanihim will learn a basic halakhot of the birkat hamazon. -Hanihim will be able to explain the multiple meanings of the prayer. -Hanihim will be able to understand the history and context in which the prayer developed. -Hanihim will be able to wow their friends with their vast knowledge of the diverse array of tunes for shir ha-ma’alot.

Texts: 1. Text (Treasure) Hunt Worksheet 2. Two Hilkhot Birkat HaMazon source sheets 3. Five History and Composition of Birkat HaMazon source sheets 4. World Hunger Facts Quiz 5. Sheet music for five melodies for Shir haMa’alot

Facilitator and staff expectations: -Staff should read through the program prior to teaching it and direct any question to the facilitators. -Staff should work to present this program positively -Staff should participate in an abbreviated run-through of the program in the staff meeting preceding Yom MeYuchad.

Location: Discussion groups will take place in outdoor spaces; the making of the Birkat HaMazon cards will take place in the Hadar Ohel.

Marketing: Post “advertisements” on walls around the facilities:

3 1. What do you know about world hunger? Prizes awarded. 2. What are the source texts of Birkat HaMazon? Prizes awarded. 3. How many different tunes can you use to sing Birkat HaMazon? Prizes awarded.

Groupings: Divide 150 hanihim into two groups of 75 each. The program will be identical for each but the division will allow for smaller groups. Divide each group of 75 into 5 groups of 15. Assign two counselors to each of these groups. For the final station, creating the birkat hamazon cards, the groups will reconvene and work together.

Timing: Announce at meal beforehand which cabins will comprise each group of 75. When these two groups meet separately, give a 10 minute introduction to the topic (see below) and further divide them into 5 groups of 15. Each of the first five stations should last 20 minutes; the final station (creating the cards) lasts 30 minutes.

Props and Supplies: Birkat HaMazon Cards: Multi-colored cardstock Assorted Markers/Colored Pencils/Crayons etc. Glue Sticks 150+ copies of the text of Birkat HaMazon Laminator with sufficient laminant Text (Treasure) Hunt: Worksheet Oaktag (to list times) 8 Tanakhim Pencils Timer Meaning of the Prayer: World Hunger Facts Quiz Variety of Foods Blindfolds Halakha: Source Sheets History: Source Sheets Tunes: Piano/Guitar Music Sheets Music Teacher

4 Budget

The budget assumes the following will be available on premises:

Laminator with sufficient laminant 8 Tanakhim Pencils Timer (watch) Variety of Foods Blindfolds Piano/Guitar Music Teacher

Costs:

Copies of worksheets, music etc. 1,000 copies @ $0.05= $50

Multi-colored cardstock 12 sheets @$1=$12

Assorted Markers/Colored Pencils/Crayons Crayola Classpack 128 markers $49.99

Glue Sticks 50 @ $1.07= $53.50

TOTAL COST $165.49

5 Birkat Hamazon: Food Glorious Food!

After the aidah is divided into two groups, the following introduction should be made for each group.

Ask hanahim: What prayers do we say most during the day? Shema, Amidah. Guide them to think outside of services, into the hadar ohel, and the birkat hamazon. What do you know about Birkat Hamazon? The Torah commands us to say Birkat Hamazon after every meal. It is one of the most important prayers we say because it reminds us how lucky we are to be able to eat three full meals a day. We are going to devote today to study this prayer and think about what it means to us.

Divide them into five groups of 12 or 13, and explain that they will be rotating through five stations of 20 minutes each. Afterward, we will all come together to decorate our own birkat hamazon cards.

The following are the five stations in no particular order (each group of 12 or 13 will start at a different station and rotate through). All of the sheets needed for this program are found here, unless otherwise noted. Those that need to be copied are also in ready-to- copy format at the end of this program.

Station #1: Text (Treasure) Hunt

Instructions: Break the campers into hevrutot (groups of two). Explain that phrases in the prayer derive from the Bible. Each group’s task is to match the phrases on the worksheet (Found in back as “Text (Treasure) Hunt”) to the correct biblical citation. They will do this by looking up the citations on the worksheet in a Tanakh.

To add competitive spirit, hanahim will be timed on their hunts. As the groups cycle through, the faster groups will be listed on a large piece of oak tag at the front of the room. The best three times (with correct answers) will be awarded prizes.

Answers to Text (Treasure) Hunt 1. Jeremiah 3:19 2. Deuteronomy 7:8 3. Proverbs 3:4 4. 2 Samuel 22:51 5. Psalms 34:10-11 6. Psalm 136:1 7. Psalm 145:6

6 8. Psalm 29:11 9. Jeremiah 17:7

Station #2: Hilkhot Birkat HaMazon

Instructions: Break into two groups. Each group receives a set of phrases that they must work into a short skit they must write and perform for the other half of the group. The setting of one skit is the hadar ohel, and the other skit is on a campout.

The bolded lines are the actual halakhot for Birkat HaMazon that the station leader should emphasize after each skit. (Texts are found in back under “Station #2…)

Group #1: In the Hadar Ohel Someone must say each line of the following lines in your skit:

“I hate fishsticks!!” “Do you say hamotzi on that?” “Put the table down!!” “I hate the short version – why can’t we do the whole thing?” “Come on, man, you gotta say birkat in the same place where you ate!” “Dude, where’s my car?” “You’re leaving, but it’s from the Torah!” “And therein lies the rub.”

After the campers perform the skit, the station leader should highlight the halakhot of birkat hamazon. (The bolded lines.) “Do you say hamotzi on that?” We say the blessing, “…hamotzi lekhem min haaretz” only on bread and bread- like products, such as bagels (at least, that is the ashkenazic custom). Saying “hamotzi” necessitates reciting the birkat hamazon after the meal. “I hate the short version – why can’t we do the whole thing?” The Conservative movement has approved an abbreviated version of birkat hamazon to be used in educational circumstances. This version maintains all of the four main berakhot of birkat hamazon, but edits the content of those berakhot. “Come on, man, you gotta say birkat in the same place where you ate!” One must say birkat hamazon in the same place where they ate. By place, it is most preferable to say it in the seat you ate at, but it is also alright to say it in the same room. If one leaves that room having forgotten to say birkat hamazon, they should return to the place they ate to say it. As it says in the Talmud, if you forgot your wallet somewhere, wouldn’t you go back to get it? How much more so if you forgot to thank God for you sustenance! “You’re leaving, but it’s from the Torah!” Birkat Hamazon is considered a Torah obligation, so it should not be taken lightly.

7 Group #2: On a Leenat lailah Someone must say each line of the following lines in your skit:

“Use the bushes” “Why can’t we eat this all the time?” “Has it been 72 minutes?” “I think I’m sitting in poison ivy” ”Do we have a mezuman? “You’re money, baby, and you don’t even know it” “I want to be a Jewish educator” “Do I say “elohaynu” or not?” “I’m not the peasant plucker, I’m the peasant pluckers son, I’m only plucking peasants until the peasant plucker comes.” “Peanuts!”

After the campers perform the skit, the station leader should highlight the halakhot of birkat hamazon. (The bolded lines.) “Has it been 72 minutes?” One is able to say birkat hamazon on a meal from the time s/he finishes the meal until they feel hungry again. The halakha has determined that time to be approximately 72 minutes. After that, one is ineligible from saying the beracha. ”Do we have a mezuman? A mezuman is a group of three people who have eaten together. The mishna says that if three people eat together, they are obligated to say birkat hamazon together. Two is not enough. It takes at least three people to say the “haverei nevarech” section at the beginning of the prayer. Otherwise, we start with the first full paragraph ending in “hazan et hakol” “Do I say “elohaynu” or not?” In the introductory section that one says only with a mezuman, one inserts God’s name, “elohaynu,” only when 10 or more people are present. This section also changes for special occasions, such as a brit milah or a wedding.

Station #3: History and Composition of Birkat HaMazon

Instructions: Split group into five teams. Hand out source sheets labeled Team #1, Team #2, Team #3, Team #4, Team #5 (Found in back). Give each team a text of the birkat hamazon. Each team will receive a sheet with an historical summary, key words, and questions about one part of the birkat hamazon. They have 10 minutes to go through their assigned section, and then each team will have a chance to present what they learned together by answering questions from the secret envelope. Inside the envelope there will be a few questions for each team that they will answer when it is their turn. Before each team begins to present, the group leader will select two hanihim to ask the prefabricated questions. IT IS CRUCIAL THAT THE GROUPS GO IN 1,2,3,4,5 ORDER!

8 Team 1 – The First Bracha, Hazan et HaKol The central idea of this bracha is sustenance. The Rabbis have determined that Moses was the original author because when the Jews were wandering in the desert after leaving down to feed everyone. It was at this point the Moses decreed this מן Egypt, God sent blessing be said. Therefore, this section is the oldest form of the birkat hamazon.

Key Phrases:

His kindness endures forever "כי לעולם חסדו" We never lacked "תמיד לא חסר לנו" For the sake of God’s great name "בעבור שמו הגדול" Who nourishes all "הזן את הכל"

?ברכה  What are the different words used to praise God in the  What about those who lack food? ?not kosher (חס ושלום)  Should a Jew recite blessings over food if the food is ?in 2 words ברכה  Could you summarize this  Is this an appropriate blessing to say after food? Does it express your feelings of gratitude for the meal you have eaten? ?ברכה  Is there anything you would want to add to this

Questions for envelope: what would they be, and ברכה If you could pick three words to encapsulate this- why? ?ברכת המזון as ברכה When did people start saying this- -What is the key line in this prayer and what does it mean?

Team 2 – The Second Bracha, Al Haaretz v’al Hamazon The central idea of this portion of the birkat hamazon is gratitude to God for giving us the land of Israel. Joshua instituted this bracha upon the Jews entry into Israel after 40 years of wandering. That is, this bracha is an addition to the original form of the prayer instituted by Moses in the desert.

Key Phrases:

…We thank you "נודה לך" and (God) redeemed us from the house of bondage "ופדיתנו מבית עבדים" Giving us ruling to follow "ועל חוקך שהודעתנו" Every day, every time, every hour "בכל יום, בכל עת, ובל שעה" For the land and for the food "על הארץ ועל המזון"

 What are the actions ascribed to God in this bracha?  What does gratitude for the Land of Israel have to do with the meal that you just ate?

9  What if (God forbid) we didn’t have the land of Israel anymore—would we still say this bracha? Or, what if you were one that believes that the Jewish people should not return to Israel until the days of the Messiah—would you still say this bracha?  Should a Jew recite blessings over food if the food is not kosher?  Could you summarize this bracha in 3 words?  Is there anything you would add to this bracha? Does it express your feelings of gratitude for the meal you have eaten?

Questions for Envelope: - What does the land of Israel have to do with the food that you are eating? Why include it in this bracha? - What does being redeemed from slavery have to do with the meal that you just ate? Why include it in this bracha? - What are some of God’s jobs as depicted by this bracha?

Team 3 – The Third Bracha, Boneh Yerushalayim The central ideas of this part of the birkat hamazon are that of God’s mercy and God’s building of Jerusalem. This is the 3rd blessing instituted, comprising the birkat hamazon as we know it. It was authored by King David and King Solomon as it was David’s initiative and Solomon’s labor that built the Beit Hamikdash.

Key Phrases:

Have mercy God on Israel your nation "רחם ה' א-להנו על ישראל עמך" who gives us relief "והרויחנו" so we are not embarrassed or shamed ever "שלא נבוש ולא נכלם לעולם ועד"

 What is the connection between God’s mercy and Jerusalem?  Who does the bracha state that God should have mercy upon? Is there anyone you might add?  What does the building of Jerusalem have to do with the meal you just ate?  What do you think about the sentence in the bracha that prays for independence from other people?  Should a Jew recite blessings over food if the food is not kosher?  Can you summarize this bracha in 4 words?  How does it capture the feeling of gratitude for the meal you have eaten?

Questions for Envelope: - What are the 2 main ideas of this bracha—how are they connected? ?what does the word really mean– ”והרויחנו“ Everyone always shouts out - - We already talked about what the Land of Israel has to do with eating, what about Jerusalem?

Team 4 – The Fourth Bracha, HaTov V’Hamativ

10 The central theme of the fourth bracha is that of God’s own goodness and his ability to do good. This blessing was decreed by the Rabbis after what occurred in the city of Beitar during the time of the Romans. The Romans killed many Jews and did not allow them to represent the 2 miracles that God performed "המטיב" and ”הטוב“ be buried. The 2 words for the Jews in connection to this—the first, God did not let the bodies rot or smell badly and the second, God allowed the dead to be buried later.

Key Phrases: our shepherd, the shepherd of Israel "רוענו רועה ישראל" that each and every day "שבכל יום ויום" Merciful One, who supports us with honor "חרחמן הוא יפרנסנו בכבוד" and on this table that we ate at "ועל שלחו זה שאכלנו עליו..."

 How do the ideas presented in this beracha relate to the story behind its origins?  The very first line alone of this beracha has eight characterizations of God! What is the goal of having so many?  What about the metaphor of God as a Shepherd? What are some of the qualities of a Shepherd?  Can you capture this beracha in 2 words?  Should a Jew recited blessings over food if the food is not kosher?  Are the words of this beracha appropriate for describing the feeling of gratitude for the meal that you have eaten?  Is there anything that you might add to this beracha?

Questions for Envelope: - What is the story behind the origins of this beracha? - Which 3 characterizations of God do you think are the most powerful? —uses the metaphor of God as a Shepherd "רוענו רועה ישראל" The line - what other Shepherds can you think of in the Bible?

Team 5 – Special Shabbat Additions שיר המעלות & רצה . שיר :There are 2 major additions to the birkat hamazon for Shabbat is Psalm number 126 written by King David. This Psalm is added to the birkat המעלות is a paragraph devoted explicitly to Shabbat themes like רצה .hamazon on holidays too menucha. Additonally, a line at the end of the birkat hamazon before Magdil is also appended.

Key Phrases: we were like dreamers "היינו כחלמים" Return to us God our dispersed people "שובה ה' את שביתנו" May it be God’s) will to strengthen us) רצה והחליצנו"“ because this day is great "כי יום זה גדול"

 How does the imagery in the Psalm relate to the birkat hamazon?  What does the psalm mean when it says we were like dreamers?

11  Why do we add an extra 2 paragraphs for Shabbat only? Why not have a different one for every day of the week? Or, what about a different one for breakfast, lunch, and dinner? ?mean "הרחמן הוא ינחילנו יום שכלו שבת ומנוחה לחיי העולמים"  What does the line

Questions for envelope: -Why do we sing “shir ha’maalot” on Shabbat before birkat Hamazon? .paragraph in one sentence "רצה" Summarize the- ?do we say on Shabbat ”הרחמן“ What special-

Station #4: The Meaning of Birkat HaMazon

Instructions: Ask hanichim what they think is the meaning of the prayer. Explain that we are grateful for our food; many people around the world go hungry. Activity: Ask hanichim to work individually to complete World Hunger Facts Quiz (Found in back). After they have completed it, come back together and go through the answers.

Answers for the World Hunger Facts Quiz. 1. C, 6 million 2. B, 38 years old 3. B, Sub-Sahara Africa 4. False. There are poor and hungry people worldwide, often living right next to people who have plenty of food. In many countries excess agricultural products are exported (for example metric tons of soybeans for for livestock feed) while many people right there starve to death, because in many developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, there are no welfare programs to help feed those whose incomes fall below the poverty level. 5. False. Fertility and population-growth rates are, in fact, declining worldwide. According to the United Nations, population density nowhere explains today's widespread hunger. Rapid population growth, or poor birth control practices (or basic knowledge) are not the root cause of hunger, but are -- like hunger -- a consequence of social inequities that deprive the poor of the security and economic opportunity necessary for them to choose fewer children. 6. Poverty – though all these factors play a role. 7. Fewer – we are making progress, but there is still a lot of work to be done. 8. 842 million 9. True 10. False – nearly half a million, or 27% of Israeli children, are living in poverty and are threatened with going hungry every day.

Saying the prayer also raises our awareness of what we are eating. What does it mean to be more conscious of our foods?

12 Station 5: Singing Shir Ha-Ma’alot

Instructions: Ask hanichim what melodies they know to shir ha-ma’a lot. Teach five melodies (sheet music: Appendix V).

Station 6: Creating Birkat HaMazon Cards

Hanichim regather. They paste paper copies of Birkat HaMazon on pieces of card stock, which they decorate with markers, crayons, colored pencils and so on. The cards are laminated for future use.

Ending 1. Lunch with Birkat Hamazon 2. Special Prizes awarded for Text Hunt 3. Sing Shir haMa’alot using all five melodies. Vote best one.

Evaluation 1. During lunch immediately following the program, solicit from the participants one interesting fact that they learned about Birkat HaMazon. Have each staff person be ready to share one comment during the next staff meeting. 2. At all appropriate lunchtimes for the rest of the summer, have a few campers come up and present their birkat hamazon card to the aidah. Have them explain why they designed it how they did, and how it relates to the prayer.

13 Skits Guidelines for Station #2 (Cut paper in half)

Group #1: In the Hadar Ohel Someone must say each line of the following lines in your skit:

“I hate fishsticks!!” “Do you say hamotzi on that?” “Put the table down!!” “I hate the short version – why can’t we do the whole thing?” “Come on, man, you gotta say birkat in the same place where you ate!” “Dude, where’s my car?” “You’re leaving, but it’s from the Torah!” “And therein lies the rub.”

Group #2: On a Leenat Lailah Someone must say each line of the following lines in your skit:

“Use the bushes” “Why can’t we eat this all the time?” “Has it been 72 minutes?” “I think I’m sitting in poison ivy” ”Do we have a mezuman? “You’re money, baby, and you don’t even know it” “I want to be a Jewish educator” “Do I say “elohaynu” or not?” “I’m not the peasant plucker, I’m the peasant pluckers son, I’m only plucking peasants until the peasant plucker comes.” “Peanuts!”

14 Sheets for Station #3: History and Composition of Birkat Hamazon

Team 1 – The First Bracha, Hazan et HaKol The central idea of this bracha is sustenance. The Rabbis have determined that Moses was the original author because when the Jews were wandering in the desert after leaving down to feed everyone. It was at this point the Moses decreed this מן Egypt, God sent blessing be said. Therefore, this section is the oldest form of the birkat hamazon.

Key Phrases:

His kindness endures forever "כי לעולם חסדו" We never lacked "תמיד לא חסר לנו" For the sake of God’s great name "בעבור שמו הגדול" Who nourishes all "הזן את הכל"

?ברכה  What are the different words used to praise God in the  What about those who do lack food? ?not kosher (חס ושלום)  Should a Jew recite blessings over food if the food is ?in 2 words ברכה  Could you summarize this  Is this an appropriate blessing to say after food? Does it express your feelings of gratitude for the meal you have eaten? ?ברכה  Is there anything you would want to add to this

Questions for envelope: what would they be, and ברכה If you could pick three words to encapsulate this- why? ?ברכת המזון as ברכה When did people start saying this- -What is the key line in this prayer and what does it mean?

15 Team 2 – The Second Bracha, Al Haaretz v’al Hamazon The central idea of this portion of the birkat hamazon is gratitude to God for giving us the land of Israel. Joshua instituted this bracha upon the Jews entry into Israel after 40 years of wandering. That is, this bracha is an addition to the original form of the prayer instituted by Moses in the desert.

Key Phrases:

…We thank you "נודה לך" and (God) redeemed us from the house of bondage "ופדיתנו מבית עבדים" Giving us ruling to follow "ועל חוקך שהודעתנו" Every day, every time, every hour "בכל יום, בכל עת, ובל שעה" For the land and for the food "על הארץ ועל המזון"

 What are the actions ascribed to God in this bracha?  What does gratitude for the Land of Israel have to do with the meal that you just ate?  What if (God forbid) we didn’t have the land of Israel anymore—would we still say this bracha? Or, what if you were one that believes that the Jewish people should not return to Israel until the days of the Messiah—would you still say this bracha?  Should a Jew recite blessings over food if the food is not kosher?  Could you summarize this bracha in 3 words?  Is there anything you would add to this bracha? Does it express your feelings of gratitude for the meal you have eaten?

Questions for Envelope: - What does the land of Israel have to do with the food that you are eating? Why include it in this bracha? - What does being redeemed from slavery have to do with the meal that you just ate? Why include it in this bracha? - What are some of God’s jobs as depicted by this bracha?

16 Team 3 – The Third Bracha, Boneh Yerushalayim The central ideas of this part of the birkat hamazon are that of God’s mercy and God’s building of Jerusalem. This is the 3rd blessing instituted, comprising the birkat hamazon as we know it. It was authored by King David and King Solomon as it was David’s initiative and Solomon’s labor that built the Beit Hamikdash.

Key Phrases:

Have mercy God on Israel your nation "רחם ה' א-להנו על ישראל עמך" who gives us relief "והרויחנו" so we are not embarrassed or shamed ever "שלא נבוש ולא נכלם לעולם ועד"

 What is the connection between God’s mercy and Jerusalem?  Who does the bracha state that God should have mercy upon? Is there anyone you might add?  What does the building of Jerusalem have to do with the meal you just ate?  What do you think about the sentence in the bracha that prays for independence from other people?  Should a Jew recite blessings over food if the food is not kosher?  Can you summarize this bracha in 4 words?  How does it capture the feeling of gratitude for the meal you have eaten?

Questions for Envelope: - What are the 2 main ideas of this bracha—how are they connected? ?what does the word really mean– ”והרויחנו“ Everyone always shouts out - - We already talked about what the Land of Israel has to do with eating, what about Jerusalem?

17 Team 4 – The Fourth Bracha, HaTov V’Hamativ The central theme of the fourth bracha is that of God’s own goodness and his ability to do good. This blessing was decreed by the Rabbis after what occurred in the city of Beitar during the time of the Romans. The Romans killed many Jews and did not allow them to represent the 2 miracles that God performed "המטיב" and ”הטוב“ be buried. The 2 words for the Jews in connection to this—the first, God did not let the bodies rot or smell badly and the second, God allowed the dead to be buried later.

Key Phrases: our shepherd, the shepherd of Israel "רוענו רועה ישראל" that each and every day "שבכל יום ויום" Merciful One, who supports us with honor "חרחמן הוא יפרנסנו בכבוד" and on this table that we ate at "ועל שלחו זה שאכלנו עליו..."

 How do the ideas presented in this beracha relate to the story behind its origins?  The very first line alone of this beracha has eight characterizations of God! What is the goal of having so many?  What about the metaphor of God as a Shepherd? What are some of the qualities of a Shepherd?  Can you capture this beracha in 2 words?  Should a Jew recited blessings over food if the food is not kosher?  Are the words of this beracha appropriate for describing the feeling of gratitude for the meal that you have eaten?  Is there anything that you might add to this beracha?

Questions for Envelope: - What is the story behind the origins of this beracha? - Which 3 characterizations of God do you think are the most powerful? —uses the metaphor of God as a Shepherd "רוענו רועה ישראל" The line - what other Shepherds can you think of in the Bible?

18 Team 5 – Special Shabbat Additions שיר המעלות & רצה . שיר :There are 2 major additions to the birkat hamazon for Shabbat is Psalm number 126 written by King David. This Psalm is added to the birkat המעלות is a paragraph devoted explicitly to Shabbat themes like רצה .hamazon on holidays too menucha. Additonally, a line at the end of the birkat hamazon before Magdil is also appended.

Key Phrases: we were like dreamers "היינו כחלמים" Return to us God our dispersed people "שובה ה' את שביתנו" May it be God’s) will to strengthen us) רצה והחליצנו"“ because this day is great "כי יום זה גדול"

 How does the imagery in the Psalm relate to the birkat hamazon?  What does the psalm mean when it says we were like dreamers?  Why do we add an extra 2 paragraphs for Shabbat only? Why not have a different one for every day of the week? Or, what about a different one for breakfast, lunch, and dinner? ?mean "הרחמן הוא ינחילנו יום שכלו שבת ומנוחה לחיי העולמים"  What does the line

Questions for envelope: -Why do we sing “shir ha’maalot” on Shabbat before birkat Hamazon? .paragraph in one sentence "רצה" Summarize the- ?do we say on Shabbat ”הרחמן“ What special-

19 Station #4: The Meaning of Birkat Hamazon

World Hunger Facts Quiz

1. How many children under the age of five die each year as a result of hunger? a. 800,000 b. 2 million c. 6 million 2. A citizen of one of 24 developed nations has an average life expectancy of 70 years. In the countries most affected by hunger and malnutrition, what is the average life expectancy? a. 30 years old b. 38 years old c. 50 years old 3. What region of the world has the highest prevalence of under nourishment? a. East Asia b. Sub-Sahara Africa c. Central America

4. True or False. Most of the world’s hunger occurs because people live in countries where food shortages are commonplace -- countries in Latin America, Asia and especially Africa.

5. True or False. World hunger is fueled by the world's population explosion. It is a losing battle; whatever aid we give will make no difference until population growth slows. Besides, if people are poor they should know enough to stop having babies they can't afford to feed.

6. True or false. It is a worldwide phenomenon that women and children are the first to suffer from hunger and malnutrition.

7. The primary cause of world hunger is (choose one): overpopulation Ignorance racism HIV/AIDS third world debt Poverty greed environmental trade imbalance Drought war degradation

8. There are more, the same number, or fewer hungry people in today’s world than there were 30 years ago (choose one).

20 9. There are 842 million, 933 million, or 1.1 billion hungry people in the world today (choose one).

10. True or False: Jews don’t have a problem with hunger in our community.