Nationalism: A Force for Freedom or A Force for Intolerance Global History and Geography II Name: ______E. Napp Date: ______Definitions of Nationalism from wordnetweb.princeton.edu
patriotism: love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it
the doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other
Nationalism can be a force for uniting the aspiration for national people and freeing people from foreign independence felt by people control. under foreign domination
But nationalism Think about it! The following can also be a force individuals were nationalists: that leads to one nation conquering 1. Napoleon another nation. 2. Simon Bolivar
3. Giuseppe Garibaldi
4. Otto von Bismark
So, is nationalism a force for good or a force for ill? 5. Mohandas K. Gandhi Consider the following primary source by Richard Price, 1789 “The love of our country…is certainly a noble passion; but, like all other passions, it requires regulation and direction. There are mistakes and prejudices by which, in this instance, we are in particular danger of being misled. …It is proper to observe, that even in this sense of our country, that love of it which is our duty, does not imply any conviction of the superior value of it to other countries, or any particular preference of its laws and constitution of government…It is proper I should desire you particularly to distinguish between love of our country and that spirit of rivalship and ambition which has been common among nations. What has the love of their country hitherto been among mankind? What has it been but a love of domination…?” Three Advantages: ______ ______ ______
Nationalism
Three Disadvantages ______
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______Review Questions: Italian Unification and German Unification 1: Who ruled the Italian peninsula before Italian unification? ______
2: Who was Giuseppe Mazzini? ______
3: What was “Young Italy”? ______
4: Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi? ______
5: Who were the “Red Shirts”? ______
6: Who was Count Cavour? ______
7: When did Italy achieve unification? ______
8: Describe “Germany” before German unification. ______
9: Why would the Prussian king not take the crown from the hands of revolutionaries and liberals? ______
10: Who was Otto von Bismarck? ______
11: Explain the meaning of “Blood and Iron”. ______12: How did Germany achieve unification? ______
13: When did Germany achieve unification? ______
14: Did nationalism benefit or harm Italy? Explain your answer. ______
15: Did nationalism benefit or harm Germany? Explain your answer. ______Adapted from regentsprep.org
“Nationalism is commonly defined as a love for one's country. Historically, however, nationalism takes on a far greater meaning. Throughout history, large groups of people who share a cultural identity (language, customs, history) have felt the pulling power of nationalistic feeling. The spirit of nationalism also includes the belief that one's nation is better off as an autonomous state. Autonomy is defined as a nation governing itself independently from a centralized point. Still another aspect of nationalism is the willingness to go to extreme measures in achieving autonomous self-rule. Revolutions, wars, ethnic tension, and other conflicts of varying degrees have occurred throughout history because of a love for one's country. The spirit of nationalism has shaped the histories and destinies of many countries. Nationalism can unite people into cohesive, stable nations. Likewise, it can tear nations apart which can result in long periods of social upheaval and political chaos.” Questions: 1: Define nationalism. ______2: Define autonomy. ______3: What is an advantage of nationalism? ______4: What is a disadvantage of nationalism? ______“Nationalism in Europe can be traced back to the decline of feudalism and the beginning of the Renaissance. Feudalistic societies are decentralized, meaning political control is spread out and does not come from one strong, stable place. When feudalism declined, larger areas of land were being controlled by fewer, more powerful individuals… The Renaissance in Europe fostered new political ideas and a reshaping of nation-states emerging out of the feudal period of the Middle Ages…Many European nations experienced heightened periods of nationalism in the 19th century and were either unified by it or divided into ethnic groups. The European nations that experienced unification because of nationalism eventually enter into a period of imperialism where they politically, socially, and economically take over weaker nations in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. Questions: 1: When did nationalism become a dominant force in Europe? ______2: What is the difference between a centralized government and decentralized? ______3: What happened in the 19th century? ______4: Define imperialism. ______5: What is surprising about the recently unified nations of Europe and their imperialistic policies? ______A. He was the first king of a united Italy Giuseppe Mazzini in 1871.
B. It was the largest and most powerful Giuseppe Garibaldi German state. It led unification.
C. By fighting this nation, the Prussians Count Cavour united German Protestants and German Catholics. D. He was called the “soul” of Italian Victor Emmanuel unification because he wrote passionately in favor of unification. E. These soldiers, led by Garibaldi, Prussia fought in southern Italy to unite Italy. F. He was called the “sword” of Otto von Bismarck unification because he organized an army to fight for Italian unification. G. The Prussian king appointed him “Blood and Iron” Chief Minister. He led German unification. H. This statement encouraged the use of Wilhelm I warfare as a means for achieving the unification of Germany. I. He became the first Kaiser or ruler of Nationalism a united Germany. J. This leader of the church ruled part Red Shirts of central Italy but today’s rules the Vatican. K. This organization was founded by The Roman Catholic Pope Giuseppe Mazzini and dedicated to Italian unification. L. They were both Germans but due to Young Italy religious differences were wary of unification. M. This nation controlled much of Italy Protestants and Catholics by the early 1800s.
N. He was made prime minister by King Austria Victor Emmanuel and he helped Italy achieve unification. O. It is the belief in a love of country France and a willingness to sacrifice for one’s country.
Even Lord Byron, a famous poet, wrote a poem dedicated to Greece’s desire to become an independent nation, a nation free from Ottoman rule.
Examine several verses from the poem (The Isles of Greece):
THE isles of Greece! The isles of Greece! Where burning Sappho loved and sung, Where grew the arts of war and peace,--- Where Delos rose and Phoebus sprung! Eternal summer gilds them yet, But all, except their sun, is set…
And where are they? And where art thou, My country? On thy voiceless shore The heroic lay is tuneless now--- The heroic bosom beats no more! And must thy lyre, so long divine, Degenerate into hands like mine?
'Tis something, in the dearth of fame, Though link'd among a fetter'd race, To feel at least a patriot's shame, Even as I sing, suffuse my face; For what is left the poet here? For Greeks a blush---for Greece a tear… Trust not for freedom to the Franks--- They have a king who buys and sells: In native swords and native ranks, The only hope of courage dwells: But Turkish force and Latin fraud Would break your shield, however broad…”
“For a long time Lord Byron had supported attempts by the Greek people to free themselves from Turkish rule. This included writing poems such as The Maid of Athens (1810). In 1823 he formed the Byron Brigade and joined the Greek insurgents who had risen against the Turks. However, in April, 1824, Lord Byron died of marsh fever in Missolonghi before he saw any military action.” ~ Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk
Questions: 1: Why were many European poets and artists fascinated by the ancient Greeks? ______2: What do you remember about the Ottoman Empire? ______3: What happened to Lord Byron? ______