Article from a Large Reference Book

List all entries in alphabetical order by centered first word in entry BIBLIOGRAPHY capitalize first letter of every main word in titles ARTICLE FROM A LARGE REFERENCE BOOK “Section Title.” (Edition year). Name of Reference Book. Publishing City: Publishing Company.

ARTICLE FROM AN ENCYCLOPEDIA SET Last Name, First Initial, ed. (Copyright year). Name of Encyclopedia Set. Vol. Number. Publishing City: Publishing Company. underline titles as shown

ARTICLE IN MAGAZINE WITH AUTHOR or NEWSPAPER ARTICLE Last Name, First Initial. (Complete Date). “Title of the Article.” Name of Magazine or Newspaper. Day Month Year: pp number. follow pp with the page numbers used ARTICLE IN MAGAZINE WITH NO AUTHOR “Title of the Article.” (Complete Date). Name of Magazine. pp number. one space between each entry BOOK COMPILED BY EDITOR Last Name, First Initial, ed. (Copyrighted year). Book Title. Publishing City: Publisher.

BOOK WITH ONE AUTHOR Last Name, First Initial. (Copyrighted year). Book Title. Publishing City: Publisher. double space after colon BOOK WITH MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR Last Name, First Initial, Last Name, First Initial, and Last Name, First Initial. (Copyrighted year). Book Title. Publishing City: Publisher. single space after periods and commas COMPUTER SOFTWARE, CD-ROM “Title of Section.” (Publishing year). Name of Program. Version number. Publisher.

INTERNET SITE Last Name, First Initial. (Publishing year). Name of Article. [Online]. Available: http://www.address of site second line of entry indented

INTERVEIW Last Name, First Initial. (Complete Date of Interview). Personal Interview. quotes and parentheses as in examples when needed TV/RADIO “Name of that episode.” (Completed date of interview). Name of Show. Prod. Last Name, First Initial. Letters of Broadcast Company. Letter of Local Channel, City of Local Channel.

VIDEO Name of Video. (Copyrighted year). Dir. Last Name, First Initial. Name of Movie Producing Company.

must put periods everywhere show in entry examples PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS

Why we use parenthetical / in-text citations? This format of citing requires the use of in-text or parenthetical citations. We use this to help the reader identify which ideas and facts in the paper come from the particular sources in the bibliography.

Author date system This format uses the author-date system, or the last name of the author and the year published, to help identify sources in the reference list. Place these citations after the information, whether in the middle or at the end of a sentence. If the author or the date is already included in the sentence, then exclude it from the parenthetical citation.

Basic Examples When no author or date is mentioned in the sentence:

In a recent study in molecular biology (Smith, 2000)

When the author is mentioned in the sentence:

In Smith’s (2000) study in molecular biology.

When both the date and the author are mentioned in the sentence, do no use parenthetical citations.

In Smith’s 2000 study in molecular biology.

Multiple Authors If there are three or less authors in a source, always cite all these authors when referencing their work:

Craine and Poole (2002) show that…

The scores are indeed correlated with education (Craine & Poole, 2002)

It can be demonstrated (Jarvis, Jenkins & James, 1994)

If there are more than three, four, or five authors, first cite all the authors in the parenthetical citation, then for following reference, cite the first author followed by “et al.”

Looking at temperature fluctuations (Craine et al., 2002) Group Authors Cite a group author (corporations, associations, government agencies, and universities) like you would an author in an in-text citation. If you cite the same group author numerous times, you may add an abbreviation in brackets in the first citation, and later reference that group by the abbreviation.

As demonstrated by studies (American Medical Association [AMA], 1999)

After that you can cite it like this…

As proven true in tests (AMA, 1999)

No Author When there is no author, cite the first few words of what appears in the reference list entry (enough to allow the user to identify the source). If citing the title of an article of chapter, place it in double quotes. If citing, a periodical, brochure, book or report, italicize the title.

It was first discovered in the 19th century (Historical Presence, 1985)

It demonstrates (“Upgraded Protons,” 2002)

Specific parts or sections Use the page, chapter, or whatever identifier necessary to help the reader locate the specific part of the source. When quoting a source, always provide page numbers.

(Rathers, 1992, p. 12)

(Cooper, 1999, pp. 5-8)

(Smith and Wollensky, 1994, chap. 4)

Placing parenthetical citations in direct quotations When directly quoting a source, place the parenthetical citation after the quote. For example:

Sanders explains “the root of the mortgage crisis originates from poor risk assessment” (2002, p. 30)