Psych 260 Ch 8 Review

1. What are the similarities and differences between drive-reduction and arousal approaches to understanding motivation?

2. What biological factors appear to be associated with eating and hunger?

3. What are the possible causes of obesity, according to psychologists?

4. What is the Thematic Apperception Test and what does it measure? What does this test, and others, show about the ways in which men and women differ in their needs for affiliation and power?

5. What are the basic functions of emotions?

6. Describe how the James-Lange and Schachter-Singer theories explain emotions. What are weaknesses of each theory?

7. ______refers to the factors that energize and direct behavior. ______

8. Needs for achievement, power, and affiliation are examples of ______. ______

9. Any object that has desirable properties and that can motivate behavior is called a(n) ______. ______

10. When a person's behavior is motivated by the pursuit of tangible external rewards, that person is ______

11. _____ describes a state of self-fulfillment, in which a person's highest potential has been achieved. ______

12. In general, eating disorders usually first appear during _____. ______

13. _____ is a hormone that appears to inhibit weight loss. ______

14. The eating disorder _____ is associated with eating a large amount of food in one sitting and then vomiting or using laxatives to expel the food from the body. ______

15. Many psychologists consider _____ a healthy sexual behavior, because it allows people to learn about their sexuality and to detect changes in their bodies' health. ______

16. The most common way that psychologists measure primary and secondary needs is by using the _____. ______

17. A person whose career aspirations are to become a politician probably has a strong need for _____. ______

18. A person who shows little concern over being rejected by friends probably has a weak need for _____. ______

19. _____ are feelings that have physiological and cognitive components, and they can shape our behavior. ______

20. The _____ suggests that our emotions are based on physiological changes that produce specific sensations. ______

21. The Schachter-Singer theory suggests that by comparing ourselves with other people, we can ____ our emotions. ______

22. How do males and females exhibit a need for power?

23. What recommendations could you follow if you needed to lose weight?

24. ______are behaviors which are determined by biology. ______

25. Research supporting the cognitive approach to motivation indicates that higher quality work and perseverance in work are more likely to result from ______. ______

26. According to Maslow very few people achieve ______. ______

27. The Johnsons love to travel, but Mrs. Johnson is concerned after their last trip to the mountains. "I believe we all just ate our way through Colorado. Everything tastes so good around a campfire." She is concerned that family members may have disturbed their natural weight thermostat or ______. ______

28. When Allison looks at herself in the mirror she believes she is overweight. In reality she is dangerously thin. It is likely that Allison is suffering from ______. ______

29. Bulimia is characterized by purging and ______. ______

30. The ______refers to the view that premarital sexual intercourse is acceptable for males, but not for females. ______

31. "When I heard the eerie sounds I was enveloped with fear and my body began to shake. The more I shook the more fearful I became. As my fear increased so did the shaking." This description reflects emotion as described by the ______. ______