I. Make Multiple Choices

第四章现实主义-自然主义文学 I. Make multiple choices. 1. Mark Twain created, in______, a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature. A. Huckleberry Finn B. Tom Sawyer C. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg D. The Gilded Age 2. American literature produced only one female poet during the nineteenth century. This was _____. A. Anne Bradstreet B. Jane Austen C. Emily Dickinson D. Harriet Beecher 3. The publication of the novel______stirred a great nation to its depths and hurried on a great war. A. My Bondage and My Freedom B. Stanzas on Freedom C. Voices of Freedom D. Uncle Tom' s Cabin 4. Where Mark Twain and William Dean Howells satirized European manners at times, ______was an admirer. A. O. Henry B. Henry James C. Walt Whitman D. Jack London 5. Choose the novel which is not written by Henry James. A. The Ambassadors B. The Wings of the Dove C. The Bostonians D. The Princess Casamassima E. The Mysterious Stranger 6. While embracing the socialism of Marx, London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel______. A. The Call of the Wild B. The Sea Wolf C. Martin Eden D. The Iron Heel 7. Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. Which one among the following is an EXCEPTION? A. The Financier B. The Titan C. The Genius

1 D. The Stoic E. Jannie Gerhardt 8. With William Dean Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, ______became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century. A. sentimentalism B. romanticism C. realism D. naturalism 9. Which one among the following is not a staunch advocate of nineteenth- century American realism? A. Mark Twain B. Henry James C. William Dean Howells D. Jack London 10. Which one among the following is Jack London’s semi-autobiography? A. The Call of the Wild B. White Fang C. The Sea Wolf D. Martin Eden , II. Identify the fragments. Passage 1 I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul, I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. Questions:

1. These are the first two stanzas in the first section of a long poem entitled 2. The name of the poet is______. 3. Who is the poet celebrating? Whom do lines 2 ~ 3 also include in the celebration? 4. What is the verse, structure? 5. Take the fifth line as a hint, can you write out the name of the poet' s completed collections of poems?

Passage 2 Because I could not stop for Death— He kindly stopped for me— The Carriage held but just Ourselves— Questions:

2 1. Who is the writer of these lines? 2. In which category would you place this poem? A. narrative B. dramatic C. lyric 3. Emily Dickinson is noted for her use of______to achieve special effects.

 A. perfect rhyme B. exact rhyme C. slant rhyme

Passage 3

 It is impossible to conceive of a human creature more wholly desolate and forlorn than Eliza, when she turned her footsteps from Uncle Tom' s cabin.

Questions:

1. This is taken from a famous novel. What is the name of the novel? 2. What is the name of the writer? 3. Who is Uncle Tom?

Passage 4

 Tom Sawyer stepped forward with conceited confidence and soared into the unquenchable and indestructible "Give me liberty or give me death" speech, with fine fury and frantic gesticulation, and broke down in the middle of it. A ghastly stage fright seized him, his legs quaked under him, and he was like to choke. True, he had the manifest sympathy of the house------but he had the house' s silence, too, which was even worse than its sympathy. The master frowned, and this completed the disaster. Tom struggled awhile and then retired, defeated.

Questions:

1. Which novel is this passage taken from? 2. Who is the author?

Passage 5

 On his bench in Madison Square, Soapy moved uneasily. When wild geese honk high of nights, and when women without sealskin coats grow kind to their husbands, and when Soapy moves uneasily on his bench in the park, you may know that winter is near at hand.

Questions:

3 1. This passage is taken from a short story entitled______. 2. The author's name is William Sidney Porter. What is his pen name?

Passage 6

 Isabel always felt an impulse to pull out the pins; not that she imagined they inflicted any damage on the tough old parchment, but because it seemed to her her aunt might make better use of her sharpness. She was very critical herself-it was incidental to her sex, and her nationality but she was very sentimental as well, and there was something in Mrs. Touchett' s dryness that set her own moral fountains flowing.  "Now what' s your point of view?" she asked of her aunt. "When you criticize everything here you should have a point of view. Yours doesn’t' t seem to be American you thought everything over there so disagreeable. When I have mine; it' s thoroughly American!"  "My dear young lady", said Mrs. Touchett, "there are as many points of view in the world as there are people of sense to take them. You may say that doesn't make them very numerous. American? Never in the world; that' s shockingly narrow. My point of view, thank God, is personal!" Isabel thought this a better answer than she admitted; it was a tolerable description of her own manner of judging, but it would not have sounded well for her to say so.

Questions:

1. This passage is taken from a well-known novel. What is the name of the novel? 2. Who is the author of this novel? 3. Make a brief comment on the heroine Isabel Archer. 4. What is Jamesian theme?

Passage 7

 He went back to the text and lost himself. He did not notice that a young woman had entered the room. The first he knew was when he

heard Arthur' s voice saying:  "Ruth, this is Mr. Eden."  The book was closed on his forefinger, and before he turned he was thrilling to the first new impression, which was not of the girl, but of her brother' s words. Under that muscled body of his he was a mass of quivering sensibilities. At the slightest impact of the outside world upon his consciousness, his thoughts, sympathies, and emotions leapt and played like lambent flame. He was extraordinarily receptive and

4 responsive, while his imagination, pitched high, was ever at work es- tablishing relations of likeness and difference. "Mr. Eden," was what he had thrilled to—he who had been called "Eden" or "Martin Eden" or just "Martin" all his life. And "Mister!" It was certainly going some, was his internal comment. His mind seemed to turn, on the instant, into a vast camera obscure.

Questions:

1. What is the name of the novel from which this passage is taken? 2. Whom does the first word "He" refer to? 3. Who is the author of this novel?

Passage 8

 When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse. Of an intermediate balance, under the circumstances, there is no possibility. The city has its cunning wiles, no less than the infinitely smaller and more human tempter. There are large forces which allure with all the soulfulness of expression possible in the most cultured human. The gleam of a thousand lights is often as effective as the persuasive light in a wooing and fascinating eye. Half the undoing of the unsophisticated and natural mind is accomplished by forces wholly superhuman. A blare of sound, a roar of life, a vast array of human hives, appeal to the astonished senses in equivocal terms. Without a counsellor at hand to whisper cautious interpretations, what falsehoods may not these things breathe into the unguarded ear! Unrecognised for what they are, their beauty, like music, too often relaxes, then weakens then perverts the simpler human perceptions.

Questions:

1. From which novel is this paragraph taken? 2. Who is the author of this novel? 3. How do you understand "the cosmopolitan standard of virtue"? 4. Is there any naturalist tendency in this passage?

Keys: I. Multiple choices:

5 1-----5 A, C, D, B, E, 6-----10 C, C, C, D, D II.Identify the fragments? Passage 1

1. Song of Myself 2. Walt Whitman 3. The poet is celebrating himself, his own life. Lines 2-3 also include "you" , the readers and their lives in the celebration. 4. free verse 5. Leaves of Grass

Passage 2

1. Emily Dickinson 2. C 3. C

Passage 3

1. Uncle Tom' s Cabin 2. Harriet Beecher Stowe 3. He is the main character in the novel, a suffering slave, a victim of slavery.

Passage 4

1. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 2. Mark Twain

Passage 5

1. Vie Cop and the Anthem 2. O. Henry

Passage 6

1. The Portrait of a Lady 2. Henry James 3. She is one of the Jamesian American girls. She arrives in Europe, full of hope, and with a will to live a free and noble life, but in fact, she only falls prey to the sinister designs of two vulgar and unscrupulous expatriates, Madam Merle and Gilbert Osmond. 4. Jamesian theme refers to Henry James' s handling of his major

fictional theme, "the international theme" : the meeting of America

6 and Europe, American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence and the moral and Psychological complications arising therefrom.

Passage 7

1. Martin Eden 2. Martin Eden 3. Jack London

Passage 8

1. Sister Carrie 2. Theodore Dreiser 3. "The cosmopolitan standard of virtue" is something that makes a person become low in virtue and value and become worse. 4. Yes.