WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 1

THE WAKEFIELD PAGEANTS Secunda Pastorum

Primus Pastor (Open fields near a town. Enter the First Shepherd.) 1 Lord, what these weders ar cold! / and I am yll happyd; 1 Lord, what a cold weather this is; and I am unhappy. 2 I am nere hande dold, / so long haue I nappyd; 2 I am nearly benumbed, so long have I taken a nap; 3 My legys thay fold, / my fyngers ar chappyd, 3 My legs give way, my fingers are chapped. 4 It is not as I wold, / for I am al lappyd, 4 This is not what I wished, for I am completely entangled 5 In sorow. 5 In sorrow. 6 In stormes and tempest, 6 In storms and tempest, 7 Now in the eest, now in the west, 7 Now in the east, now in the west, 8 wo is hym has neuer rest 8 Unhappy is he who has no rest 9 Myd day nor morow! 9 At any time. 10 Bot we sely shepardes / that walkys on the moore, 10 But we miserable husbandmen who walk in the moors, 11 In fayth we are nere handys / outt of the doore; 11 In faith, we are almost homeless. 12 No wonder as it standys / if we be poore, 12 No wonder, as matters stand, that we are poor, 13 ffor the tylthe of oure landys / lyys falow as the floore, 13 For the tilth of our lands is as uncultivated as the floor, 14 As ye ken. 14 As you know yourselves. 15 we ar so hamyd, 15 We are so handicapped, 16 ffor-taxed and ramyd, 16 Over-taxed and oppressed, 17 We ar mayde hand tamyd, 17 We are made submissive 18 with thyse gentlery men. 18 By these men of the gentry. 19 Thus thay refe vs oure rest / oure lady theym wary! 19 Thus they deprive us of our rest; may Our Lady curse them! 20 These men that ar lord fest / thay cause the ploghe tary. 20 These men who are bound to a lord, they cause the plough’s delay. 21 That men say is for the best / we fynde it contrary; 21 What they say is for the best, we find it to be the contrary. 22 Thus ar husbandys opprest / in po[i]nte to myscary, 22 Thus husbandmen are oppressed, on the point of perishing 23 On lyfe. 23 In this life; 24 Thus hold, thay vs hunder, 24 Thus they hold us under, 25 Thus thay bryng vs in blonder; 25 Thus they bring us into trouble; 26 It were greatte wonder, 26 It would be a great wonder 27 And euer shuld we thryfe. 27 If we should ever prosper. 28 ffor may he gett a paynt slefe / or a broche now on dayes, 28 For if any man gets a decorated sleeve or a brooch nowadays, 29 wo is hym that hym grefe / or onys agane says! 29 Woe to him who vexes him or gainsays him in anything! 30 Dar noman hym reprefe / what mastry he mays, 30 Nobody dares to rebuke him, no matter how much force he uses; 31 And yit may noman lefe / oone word that he says, 31 And yet should nobody believe a word of what he says - 32 No letter. 32 Not the least part. 33 he can make purveance, 33 He is able to make purveyance WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 2

34 with boste and bragance, 34 By boasting and bragging, 35 And all is thrugh mantenance 35 And all is because of connections with and backing 36 Of men that are gretter. 36 By men who are greater. 37 Ther shall com a swane / as prowde as a po, 37 There will come a serving-man as proud as a peacock; 38 he must borow my wane / my ploghe also, 38 He must borrow my wagon, as well as my plough; 39 Then I am full fane / to graunt or he go. 39 Then I’m very glad to agree, before he leaves. 40 Thus lyf we in payne / Anger, and wo, 40 We thus live in torment, anger and misery, 41 By nyght and day; 41 By night and by day. 42 he must haue if he langyd, 42 He must have what he wants, 43 If I shuld, forgang it, 43 Even if I have to go without it; 44 I were better be hangyd 44 I were better be hanged 45 Then oones say hym nay. 45 Than once say him nay. 46 It dos me good, as I walk / thus by myn oone, 46 It does me good, as I walk thus by myself, 47 Of this warld, for to talk / in maner of mone. 47 To talk about this world in a complaining way. 48 To my shepe wyll I stalk / and herkyn anone, 48 I will stride to my sheep and listen at once, 49 Ther abyde on a balk / or sytt on a stone 49 Remaining there on the balk, or sit on a stone 50 ffull soyne. 50 Very quickly; 51 ffor I trowe, perde, 51 For I am sure, by God - 52 trew men if thay be, 52 If they are honest men - 53 we gett more compane 53 We get more company 54 Or it be noyne. 54 Before noon. [Enter Second Shepherd, who does not see the First Shepherd.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor 55 Benste and dominus! / what may this bemeyne? 55 Bless me and Dominus, what can that mean? 56 why, fares this warld thus / oft haue we not sene? 56 Why is it, as it is? We often do not understand. 57 lord, thyse weders ar spytus / and the weders full kene. 57 Lord, these storms are cruel, and the winds piercing, 58 And the frostys so hydus / thay water myn eeyne, 58 And the frosts so terrible (that) they water my eye - 59 No ly. 59 No lie. 60 Now in dry, now in wete, 60 Now dry, then wet, 61 Now in snaw, now in slete, 61 Now snow, then sleet, 62 When my shone freys to my fete, 62 When my shoes freeze to my feet, 63 It is not all esy. 63 It is not at all easy. 64 Bot as far as I ken / or yit as I go, 64 But as far as I know, or as ma experience goes, 65 we sely wedmen / dre mekyll wo; 65 We poor married men endure much misery: 66 We haue sorow then and then / it fallys oft so; 66 Time and again we have sorrow; it often happens so. 67 Sely capyle, oure hen / both to and fro 67 Silly Copyle, our hen, both to and fro 68 She kakyls; 68 She cackles; 69 Bot begyn she to crok, 69 But if she starts to croak, 70 To groyne or [to clo]k, 70 To groan, or to cluck, WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 3

71 Wo is hym is of oure cok, 71 Unhappy is he (who) is our cock, 72 ffor he is in the shekyls. 72 Because he is in shackles. 73 These men that ar wed / haue not all thare wyll, 73 These men who are married cannot fulfil all their desires; 74 when they ar full hard sted / thay sygh full styll; 74 When they are quite hard put to it, they gently sigh. 75 God wayte thay ar led / full hard and full yll; 75 God knows they are treated very hard and quite badly; 76 In bower nor in bed / thay say noght ther tyll, 76 Neither in the chamber nor in bed do they say anything to that. 77 This tyde. 77 Now 78 My parte haue I fun, 78 I have got my share, 79 I know my lesson. 79 I know my lesson: 80 wo is hym that is bun, 80 Unhappy is he (who) is tied 81 ffor he must abyde. 81 Because he must stay as he is. 82 Bot now late in oure lyfys / a meruell to me, 82 But now, in these recent years - a miracle to me, 83 That I thynk my hart ryfys / sich wonders to see. 83 That I think my heart breaks to see such wonders; 84 what that destany dryfys / it shuld so be; 84 Whatever destiny compels that it should be so - 85 Som men wyll have two wyfys / and som men thre, 85 Some men will have two wives, and some men three 86 In store; 86 In (their) keeping; 87 Som ar wo that has any, 87 Some are miserable who have any. 88 Bot so far can I, 88 But this I know: 89 wo is hym that has many, 89 Unhappy is he (who) has many, 90 ffor he felys sore. 90 Because he feels pain. 91 Bot yong men of wowyng / for god that you boght, 91 But young men, as to wooing, for God who bought you, 92 Be well war of wedyng / and thynk in youre thoght, 92 Beware of wedding, and think in your mind: 93 "[had I wyst"] is a thyng / it seruys of noght; 93 `Had I known’ is a thing that is of no avail. 94 Mekyll styll mowrnyng / has wedyng home broght, 94 Much quiet mourning has wedding brought home, 95 And grefys; 95 And sufferings, 96 with many a sharp showre, 96 With many a sharp pain; 97 ffor thou may cach in an owre 97 For you may catch in an hour 98 That shall [savour] fulle sowre 98 What will grieve you bitterly 99 As long as thou lyffys. 99 As long as you live. 100 ffor, as euer red I pystyll / I haue oone to my fere, 100 For - as I hope to go on reading the Epistle! - I have one as my companion 101 As sharp as a thystyll / as rugh as a brere; 101 As sharp as thistle, as rough as a briar; 102 She is browyd lyke a brystyll / with a sowre loten chere; 102 She has bristly brows, with a sourlooking face; 103 had She oones Wett Hyr Whystyll / She couth Syng full clere 103 If she wets her throat, she knows how to sing clearly 104 Hyr pater noster. 104 Her Paternoster. 105 She is as greatt as a whall, 105 She is great as a whale, 106 She has a galon of gall: 106 She has a gallon of gall; 107 By hym that dyed for vs all, 107 By him who died for us all, 108 I wald I had ryn to I had lost hir. 108 I wish I had run till I had lost her! [First Shepherd interrupts him: WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 4

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 109 God looke ouer the raw / ffull defly ye stand. 109 May God watch over the company! You hang about without hearing anything.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 110 yee, the dewill in thi maw / so tariand. 110 Yes, the devil’s in your belly, for loitering so long. 111 sagh thou awro of daw? / 111 Have you seen Daw anywhere?

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. yee, on a ley land Yes, on a pasture-land 112 hard I hym blaw / he commys here at hand, 112 I heard him blow. Listen. he comes nearer, 113 Not far; 113 Nor far. 114 Stand styll. 114 Stand quiet.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. qwhy? Why?

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 115 ffor he commys, hope I. 115 Because he is coming, I think.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 116 he wyll make vs both a ly 116 He will us tell a lie 117 Bot if we be war. 117 If we don’t take care. [Enter the Third Shepherd, a boy.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 118 Crystys crosse me spede / and sant nycholas! 118 Christ’s Cross help me, and Saint Nicholas! 119 Ther of had I nede / it is wars then it was. 119 I’m in need of it; it is worse than it was. 120 Whoso couthe take hede / and lett the warld pas, 120 Whoever would take notice and ponder over the world (= life), 121 It is euer in drede / and brekyll as glas, 121 It is always threatened and as brittle as glass, 122 And slythys. 122 And slides away. 123 This warld, fowre neuer so, 123 This world fared never so, 124 With meruels mo and mo, 124 With marvels more and more - 125 Now in weyll, now in wo, 125 Now in happiness, now in misery, 126 And all thyng wrythys. 126 And all things change. 127 Was neuer syn noe floode / sich floodys seyn; 127 There was never since Noah seen such a flood like this, 128 Wyndys and ranys so rude / and stormes so keyn; 128 Wind and rain so rough, and storms so piercing - 129 Som stamerd, som stod, / in dowte, as I weyn; 129 Some staggered, some stood in uncertainty, I think. 130 Now god turne all to good / I say as I mene, 130 May God turn everything to good! I say as I mean; 131 ffor ponder. 131 For ponder: 132 These floodys so thay drowne, 132 These floods inundate thus, WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 5

133 Both in feyldys and in towne, 133 Both in fields and in towns, 134 And berys all downe, 134 And destroy everything; 135 And that is a wonder. 135 And that is a wonder. [Catches sight of the other shepherds. 136 We that walk on the nyghtys / oure catell to kepe, 136 We who walk in the night, our cattle to keep, 137 We se sodan syghtys / when othere men slepe. 137 We see unexpected apparitions when other men sleep. 138 yit me thynk my hart lyghtys / I se shrewys pepe; 138 But I think my heart is relieved; I saw rascals peeping. 139 ye ar two all wyghtys / I wyll gyf my shepe 139 You are two uncanny creatures - I will turn my sheep 140 A turne. 140 Away. 141 Bot full yll haue I ment, 141 But wicked was my intention; 142 As I walk on this bent, 142 As I walk on this field, 143 I may lyghtly repent, 143 I may do easy penance 144 My toes if I spurne. 144 By striking my toes against something. [Greets them: 145 A, sir, god, you saue / and master myne! 145 Ah, sir, God save you, and my master! 146 A drynk fayn wold I haue / and somwhat to dyne. 146 I would like to have a drink, and something to eat.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 147 Crystys curs, my knaue / thou art a ledyr hyne! 147 Christ’s curse, my boy, you are a lazy servant!

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 148 What! the boy lyst rave; / abyde vnto syne; 148 What, it pleases the boy to rave?! Wait till later; 149 We haue mayde it. 149 We have eaten. 150 yll thryft on thy pate! 150 Bad luck on your head! 151 Though the shrew cam late, 151 Though the rascal came late, 152 yit is he in state 152 He’s ready 153 To dyne, if he had it. 153 To dine - if he had something.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 154 Sich seruandys as I / that swettys and swynkys, 154 Such servants like me, that sweat and toil, 155 Etys oure brede full dry / and that me forthynkys; 155 Eat our bread quite dry, and that displeases me. 156 We ar oft weytt and wery / when master-men wynkys, 156 We are often wet and weary when masters sleep; 157 yit commys full lately / both dyners and drynkys, 157 But both our meals and drinks come very slowly. 158 Bot nately. 158 But to some purpose 159 Both oure dame and oure syre, 159 Both our lady and our sir - 160 when we haue ryn in the myre, 160 If we have been deceived - 161 Thay can nyp at oure hyre, 161 They can reduce our hire 162 And pay vs full lately. 162 And pay us very slowly. 163 Bot here my trouth, master / for the fayr that ye make, 163 But hear my truth, master; in return for the food you provide, 164 I shall do therafter / wyrk as I take; 164 I shall behave accordingly - work as I’m paid. 165 I shall do a lytyll, sir / and emang euer lake, 165 I shall do a little, sir, and every now and then play, WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 6

166 ffor yit lay my soper / neuer on my stomake 166 For yet my supper didn’t press on my stomach 167 In feyldys. 167 In the fields. 168 Wherto shuld, I threpe? 168 To what end should I haggle? 169 with my staf can I lepe, 169 With my shepherd’s crook I can always run away; 170 And men say "[lyght chepe 170 And men say, `A cheap bargain 171 letherly for-yeldys."] 171 Repays badly.’

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 172 Thou were an yll lad / to ryde on wowyng 172 You were a bad servant to take on a wooing trip 173 With a man that had / bot lytyll of spendyng. 173 With a man that had only little money.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 174 Peasse, boy, I bad / no more Iangling, 174 Silence, boy, I commanded. No more babbling, 175 Or I shall make the full rad / by the heuen's kyng! 175 Or I shall make you stop, by Heaven’s King! 176 with thy gawdys; 176 Your pranks - 177 wher ar oure shepe, boy, we skorne? 177 Where are our sheep? - we scorn.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 178 Sir, this same day at morne 178 Sir, this same day in the morning 179 I thaym left in the corne, 179 I left them in the corn, 180 when thay rang lawdys; 180 When they rang lauds. 181 Thay haue pasture good / thay can not go wrong. 181 They have good pasture, they can’t take a wrong way.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 182 That is right, by the roode! / thyse nyghtys ar long, 182 That’s right. By the Cross, these nights are long! 183 yit I wold, or we yode / oone gaf vs a song. 183 Still I wish, before we went, someone gave us a song.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 184 So I thoght as I stode / to myrth vs emong. 184 So I thought as I was standing, to entertain ourselves meanwhile.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 185 I grauntt. 185 I agree.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 186 lett me syng the tenory. 186 Let me sing the tenor part.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 187 And I the tryble so hye. 187 And I the treble so high. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 7

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 188 Then the meyne fallys to me; 188 Then the middle part is left for me. 189 lett se how ye chauntt. 189 Let’s see how you sing. [They sing.

Mak Tunc intrat Mak in clamide se super togam vestitus. Mak. 190 Now lord, for thy naymes sevyn / that made both moyn & starnes 190 Now, Lord, by Thy seven names, who made both moon and stars 191 Well mo then I can neuen / thi will, lorde, of me tharnys; 191 Much more than can I name, Thy will, Lord, concerning me is lacking. 192 I am all vneuen / that moves oft my harnes, 192 I am completely at odds; that often moves my brains. 193 Now Wold god I were in heuen / for there wepe no barnes 193 Now would God I were in heaven, as there no child weeps 194 So styll. 194 Incessantly.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 195 Who is that pypys so poore? 195 Who is he that squeaks so poorly?

Mak Mak. 196 wold, god ye wyst how I foore! 196 Would God that you knew how I fare! 197 lo, a man that walkys on the moore, 197 See, a man who walks on the moor 198 And has not all his wyll! 198 And has not all that he desires.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 199 Mak, where has thou gon? / tell vs tythyng. 199 Mak, where have you gone? Tell us news.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 200 Is he commen? then ylkon / take hede to his thyng. 200 Has he come? then each one should look to his things.

Mak Et accipit clamidem ab ipso.Mak. 201 what! ich be a yoman / I tell you, of the king; 201 What! I am a yeoman of the King, I tell you, 202 The self and the same / sond from a greatt lordyng, 202 The very same, sent from a great lord, 203 And sich. 203 And suchlike. 204 ffy on you! goyth hence 204 Fie on you! Go away 205 Out of my presence! 205 Out of my presence! 206 I must haue reuerence; 206 I must have respect. 207 why, who be ich? 207 Why, who am I?

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 208 Why make ye it so qwaynt? / mak, ye do wrang. 208 Why are you behaving so proudly? Mak, you do wrong.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 209 Bot, mak, lyst ye saynt? / I trow that ye lang. 209Do you just want to play the saint? I think you wish to. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 8

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 210 I trow the shrew can paynt, / the dewyll myght hym hang! 210 I’m sure that rascal knows how to talk speciously, the devil may hang him!

Mak Mak. 211 Ich shall make complaynt / and make you all to thwang 211 I am going to lodge a complaint against you, and make you all to be flagged 212 At a worde, 212 Without much ado, 213 And tell euyn how ye doth. 213 And tell exactly what you do.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 214 Bot, Mak, is that sothe? 214 Well, Mak, is that true? 215 Now take outt that sothren tothe, 215 Now take out that southern tooth 216 And sett in a torde! 216 And hold your tongue!

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 217 Mak, the dewill in youre ee / a stroke wold, I leyne you. 217 Mak, the devil confound you! I would like to give you a blow.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 218 Mak, know ye not me? / by god I couthe teyn you. 218 Mak, don’t ye know me? By God, I could harm you.

Mak [They threaten him, and Mak hastily. Mak. 219 God looke you all thre! / me thoght I had sene you, 219 May God watch over you three! I thought I had seen you. 220 ye ar a fare compane. / 220 You are a fine company.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. can ye now mene you? Do you remember now?

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 221 Shrew, Iape! 221 Pry about, rascal! 222 Thus late as thou goys, 222 If you walk around thus lately, 223 what wyll men suppos? 223 What do you think we will suppose? 224 And thou has an yll noys 224 Especially as you are having a bad reputation 225 of stelyng of shepe. 225 For stealing sheep!

Mak Mak. 226 And I am trew as steyll / all men waytt, 226 Everybody knows that I’m true as steel; 227 Bot a sekenes I feyll / that haldys me full haytt, 227 But I feel a sickness which is giving me an uncomfortable time: 228 My belly farys not weyll / it is out of astate. 228 My stomach isn’t well, it’s out of condition. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 9

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 229 Seldom lyys the dewyll / dede by the gate. 229 Seldom lies the devil dead by the gate!

Mak Mak. 230 Therfor 230 Therefore 231 full sore am I and yll, 231 I’m ill and in pain 232 If I stande stone styll; 232 If I stand perfectly still. 233 I ete not an nedyll 233 I haven’t eaten a scrap 234 Thys moneth and more. 234 For more than a month.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 235 how farys thi wyff? by my hoode / how farys sho? 235 How does your wife fare? How is she, by your hood?

Mak Mak. 236 lyys walteryng, by the roode / by the fyere, lo! 236 She lies - by the Cross! - sprawling near the fire, lo! 237 And a howse full of brude / she drynkys well to; 237 And the house full of children. She drinks a lot, too; 238 yll spede othere good / that she wyll do! 238 May any other good she will do fare badly! 239 Bot so 239 But she 240 Etys as fast as she can, 240 Eats as fast as she can, 241 And ilk yere that commys to man 241 And every year to come 242 She bryngys furth a lakan, 242 She brings forth a baby, 243 And som yeres two. 243 And some years even two. 244 Bot were I not more gracyus / and rychere befar, 244 Even if I were more prosperous and by far richer, 245 I were eten outt of howse / and of harbar; 245 I would have been eaten out of house and home. 246 Yit is she a fowll dowse / if ye com nar: 246 Yet she is a foul sweetheart if you come closer; 247 Ther is none that trowse / nor knowys a war, 247 There is no one who knows or can think of a worse one 248 Then ken I. 248 Than I do. 249 Now wyll ye se what I profer, 249 Do you want to know what I offer? - 250 To gyf all in my cofer 250 To give all what’s in my coffer 251 To morne at next to offer 251 Immediately tomorrow as an offering 252 hyr hed mas penny. 252 For her mass-penny.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 253 I wote so forwakyd / is none in this shyre: 253 There’s no one in this shire who is as weary with watching as I am; 254 I wold slepe if I takyd / les to my hyere. 254 If I payed less attention to my payment, I would go to sleep.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 255 I am cold, and nakyd / and wold haue a fyere. 255 I feel cold and naked, and I want to have a fire. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 10

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 256 I am wery, for-rakyd / and run in the myre. 256 I’m weary , tired out with walking, and have run in the mire - 257 wake thou! 257 So you stay awake. [Lies down.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 258 Nay, I wyll lyg downe by, 258 No, I’ll lay down beside you 259 ffor I must slepe truly. 259 For I must sleep, for true. [Lies down beside him.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 260 As good a man's son was I 260 I’m as good 261 As any of you. 261 As any of you. [Lies down, and makes Mak join them. 262 Bot, mak, com heder! betwene / shall thou lyg downe. 262 Mak, come hither. You shall lie down between us.

Mak Mak. 263 Then myght I lett you bedene / of that ye wold, rowne, 263 Then I might keep you straightway from whispering, 264 No drede. 264 No doubt. 265 ffro my top to my too, 265 From head to toe 266 Manus tuas commendo, 266 Manus tuas commendo, 267 poncio pilato, 267 Poncio Pilato! 268 Cryst crosse me spede! 268 May Christ’s Cross help me. [Tunc surgit, pastoribus dormientibus, et dicit: 269 Now were tyme for a man / that lakkys what he wold, 269 Now it’s time for a man who lacks what he needs 270 To stalk preuely than / vnto a fold,, 270 To walk softly and stealthily to the sheepfold, 271 And neemly to wyrk than / and be not to bold, 271 And to work nimbly then, and to be not to confident, 272 ffor he might aby the bargan / if it were told 272 Because he might pay dearly for it if it were reckoned up 273 At the endyng. 273 In the end. 274 Now were tyme for to reyll; 274 Now it’s time to behave recklessly; 275 Bot he nedys good counsell 275 But he needs prudence 276 That fayn wold, fare weyll, 276 Who is eager to fare well 277 And has bot lytyll spendyng. 277 And has only little money. [Casts a spell on the sleeping shepherds. 278 Bot abowte you a serkyll / as rownde as a moyn, 278 Just a magic circle around you, as round as the moon, 279 To I haue done that I wyll / tyll that it be noyn, 279 Till I have done what I want, until it’s noon. 280 That ye lyg stone styll / to that I haue doyne, 280 That you may lie perfectly still until I’ve finished; 281 And I shall say thertyll / of good wordys a foyne. 281 For that purpose I will say a few fitting words: 282 On hight 282 `On high 283 Ouer youre heydys my hand I lyft, 283 Above your heads, I lift my hand. 284 Outt go youre een, fordo your syght, 284 May your eyes go blind! Your eyesight perish!’ 285 Bot yit I must make better shyft, 285 But yet I must make better efforts 286 And it be right. 286 If things are to come right! [The shepherds begin to snore. 287 lord! what thay slepe hard! / that may ye all here; 287 Lord, how soundly they are sleeping! You all hear it. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 11

288 was I neuer a shepard / bot now wyll I lere. 288 I’ve never been a shepherd, but now I’ll learn to be one. 289 If the flok be skard / yit shall I nyp nere, 289 If the flock gets scared, I’ll nevertheless grab them tightly. 290 how! drawes hederward! / now mendys oure chere 290 Stop! Come this way! Noe our sorrows will 291 ffrom sorow: 291 Be comforted 292 A fatt shepe I dar say, 292 By a fat sheep, I dare say, 293 A good flese dar I lay, 293 And a good fleece, I dare bet. 294 Eft whyte when I may, 294 I’ll pay it back if I can, 295 Bot this will I borow. 295 But this one will I borrow. [Goes off home with the sheep. 296 how, gyll, art thou In? / gett vs some lyght. 296 Hey Jill, are you there? Get us some light!

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor eius. 297 Who makys sich dyn / this tyme of the nyght? 297 Who’s making such a noise at this time of the night? 298 I am sett for to spyn / I hope not I myght 298 I’m ready for spinning; I don’t think I can 299 Ryse a penny to wyn, / I shrew them on hight! 299 Earn a penny by getting up constantly, curse them. 300 So farys 300 That’s what happens 301 A huswyff that has bene 301 To any woman who has been a housewife, 302 To be rasyd thus betwene: 302 Always to be got up during her work. 303 here may no note be sene 303 No work can be shown 304 ffor sich small charys. 304 Because of such small chores.

Mak Mak. 305 Good wyff, open the hek! / seys thou not what I bryng? 305 Good wife, please open up the inner door. Don’t you see what I’m bringing?

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 306 I may thole the dray the snek. / A, com in, my swetyng! 306 All right, you may pull the latch. Oh come in, my sweetheart!

Mak Mak. 307 yee, thou thar not rek / of my long standyng. 307 You needn’t care about keeping me standing so long!

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 308 By the nakyd nek / art thou lyke for to hyng. 308 You’re likely to get hanged by your bare neck!

Mak Mak. 309 Do way: 309 Stop it! 310 I am worthy my mete, 310 I’m worthy of my food, 311 ffor in a strate can I gett 311 For in a difficult plight do it win 312 More then thay that swynke and swette 312 More than those who toil and sweat 313 All the long day, 313 All day long. [Shows her the sheep. 314 Thus it fell to my lott / gyll, I had sich grace. 314 Thus it fell to my lot, Jill; I was very lucky. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 12

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 315 It were a fowll blott / to be hanged for the case. 315 It would be a bad joke to get hanged for this case.

Mak Mak. 316 I haue skapyd, Ielott / oft as hard a glase. 316 I have often escaped, Jill, a blow as hard as that.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 317 Bot so long goys the pott / to the water, men says, 317 `But the pot goes to the water that long,’ says the proverb, 318 At last 318 `Until 319 Comys it home broken. 319 It comes home broken.’

Mak Mak. 320 well knowe I the token, 320 I know what you are prophesying, 321 Bot let it neuer be spoken; 321 But leave it unsaid! 322 Bot com and help fast. 322 Now come on and help me. 323 I wold, he were slayn / I lyst well ete: 323 I wish it were already skinned, I long to eat well. 324 This twelmothe was I not so fayn / of oone shepe mete. 324 I haven’t been so glad of a meal of mutton in the last twelve months.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 325 Com thay or he be slayn/ and here the shepe blete! 325 If they come before it is slain and hear the sheep bleat -

Mak Mak. 326 Then myght I be tane, / that were a cold, swette! 326 Then I might be taken. That would be a terrible situation! 327 Go spar 327 Go, shut 328 The gaytt doore. 328 The outer door.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. Yis, Mak, Yes, Mak, 329 ffor and thay com at thy bak, 329 For if they come after you -

Mak Mak. 330 Then myght I by, for all the pak, 330 Then I may get, from the whole pack of them, 331 The dewill of the war. 331 The devil of a bad time.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 332 A good bowrde haue I spied / syn thou can none. 332 A good trick have I discovered, since you don’t know one: 333 here shall we hym hyde / to thay be gone; 333 Here shall we hide it, till they are gone, 334 In my credyll abyde / lett me alone, 334 In my cradle. Abide! Let me alone, WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 13

335 And I shall lyg besyde / in chylbed, and grone. 335 And I shall lie beside it in the childbed and groan.

Mak Mak. 336 Thou red; 336 Get ready, 337 And, I shall say thou was lyght 337 and I shall say that you came down 338 Of a knaue childe this nyght. 338 With a male child this night.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 339 Now well is me day bright, 339 Now I like the bright day; 340 That euer was I bred. 340 That ever I was conceived! 341 This is a good gyse / and a far cast; 341 This is a good method and a cunning trick. 342 Yit a woman avyse / helpys at the last. 342 Yet a woman’s prudence helps at last. 343 I wote neuer who spyse, / agane go thou fast. 343 I never know who spies; go back fast.

Mak Mak. 344 Bot I com or thay ryse / els blawes a cold, blast! 344 Unless I come before they rise, a cold wind will blast! [Returns to the shepherds. 345 I wyll go slepe. 345 I will go to sleep. 346 yit slepys all this meneye, 346 The whole company is still asleep. 347 And I shall go stalk preuely, 347 And I shall stride stealthily, 348 As it had neuer bene I 348 As if it had never been me 349 That caryed thare shepe. 349 That carried off their sheep. [Lies down between them.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 350 Resurrex a mortruis! / haue hald, my hand. 350 Resurrex a mortruus! Hold my hand. 351 Iudas carnas dominus! / I may not well stand: 351 Iudas carnas dominus! I cannot stand well; 352 My foytt slepys, by ihesus / and I water fastand. 352 My foot is asleep, by Jesus, and I am tottering with hunger. 353 I thoght that we layd vs / full nere yngland. 353 I thought that we laid down very close to England.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 354 A ye! 354 Ah, really? 355 lord! what I haue slept weyll; 355 Lord, what have I slept well! 356 As fresh as an eyll, 356 As fresh as an eel, 357 As lyght I me feyll 357 I feel as light 358 As leyfe on a tre. 358 As a leave on a tree. (The Third Shepherd awakes from a nightmare)

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 359 Benste be here in! / so my [hart?] qwakys, 359 God’s blessing be herein! I tremble so much, 360 My hart is outt of skyn / what so it makys. 360 My heart is in my mouth, whatever it makes. 361 Who makys all this dyn? / so my browes blakys, 361 Who makes all this noise? My brow darkens so (with fear), WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 14

362 To the dowore wyll I wyn / harke felows, wakys! 362 That I will escape to the door. Listen, fellows, wake up! 363 We were fowre: 363 We were four - 364 se ye awre of mak now? 364 Do you see Mak anywhere now?

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 365 we were vp or thou. 365 We were up before you.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 366 Man, I gyf god a vowe, 366 Man, I give God a vow, 367 yit yede he nawre. 367 But he went nowhere.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 368 Me thoght he was lapt / in a wolfe skyn. 368 I thought he was wrapped in a wolfskin.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 369 So are many hapt / now namely within. 369 Many are covered like that, especially on the inside.

Secundus Pastor 3 Pastor. 370 When we had long napt / me thoght with a gyn 370 When we took a long nap, I imagined with a snare 371 A fatt shepe he trapt / bot he mayde no dyn. 371 He trapped a fat sheep; but he made no noise.

Tercius Pastor 2 Pastor. 372 Be styll: 372 Be quiet! 373 Thi dreme makys the woode: 373 Your dream makes you mad; 374 It is bot fantom, by the roode. 374 It is only an illusion, by the Cross.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 375 Now god turne all to good, 375 Now may God turn all into good, 376 If it be his wyll. 376 If it is his will. [They rouse Mak, who pretends to have been fast asleep.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 377 Ryse, mak, for shame! / thou lygys right lang. 377 Rise, Mak, be ashamed! You lie very long.

Mak Mak. 378 Now crystys holy name / be vs emang! 378 Now Christ’s holy name be among us! 379 what is this? for sant Iame / I may not well gang! 379 What is this? By St. James, I cannot walk well! 380 I trow I be the same / A! my nek has lygen wrang 380 I hope I shall be the same. Ah! My neck has been lying 381 Enoghe; 381 Very crookedly. [They pull him up from the ground. 382 Mekill thank, syn yister euen, 382 Thanks very much! Since yesterday evening, WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 15

383 Now, by sant strevyn, 383 Now by St. Stephen, 384 I was flayd with a swevyn, 384 I was frightened by a dream - 385 My hart out of sloghe. 385 My heart is in my mouth. 386 I thoght gyll began to crok / and trauell full sad, 386 I thought Jill began to croak and to be heavily in labour, 387 welner at the fyrst cok / of a yong lad, 387 Well-nigh at the first cockcrow, with a young lad, 388 ffor to mend oure flok / then be I neuer glad. 388 To increase our flock. Then I will never be glad. 389 I haue tow on my rok / more then euer I had. 389 I have tow on my distaff more than I ever had. 390 A, my heede! 390 Ah, my head! 391 A house full of yong tharmes, 391 A house full of young bellies, 392 The dewill knok outt thare harnes! 392 May the devil knock out their brains! 393 wo is hym has many barnes, 393 Unhappy is he who has many children, 394 And therto lytyll brede! 394 And only little bread. 395 I must go home, by youre lefe / to gyll as I thoght. 395 I must go home, by your permission, to Jill, as I intended. 396 I pray you looke my slefe / that I steyll noght: 396 I pray you, inspect my sleeve to see that I do not steel; 397 I am loth you to grefe / or from you take oght. 397 I am unwilling to hurt you or to take anything from you. [Goes off home.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 398 Go furth, yll myght thou chefe! / now wold I we soght, 398 Go forth; might you fare ill! Now I wish we had checked 399 This morne, 399 This morning, 400 That we had all oure store. 400 To see if we have all our stock.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 401 Bot I will go before, let vs mete. 401 But I will go ahead (and leave);Let us meet.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. whore? Where?

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 402 At the crokyd thorne. 402 At the crooked thorn-tree. [Exeunt.

Mak Mak. 403 Vndo this doore! who is here? / how long shall I stand? 403 Undo this door! Who is here? How long shall I wait?

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor eius. 404 Who makys sich a bere? / now walk in the Wenyand. 404 Who makes such a noise? Now bad luck to you!

Mak Mak. 405 A, gyll, what chere? / it is I, mak, youre husbande, 405 Ah, Jill, how are you? It is I, Mak, your husband. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 16

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 406 Then may we be here / the dewill in a bande, 406 Then can we see the devil in the noose, 407 Syr gyle; 407 Sir Guile! 408 lo, he commys with a lote 408 See, he comes with such a noise, 409 As he were holden in the throte. 409 As if he were held at the throat. 410 I may not syt at my note, 410 I cannot sit at my work 411 A hand lang while. 411 A little while.

Mak Mak. 412 wyll ye here what fare she makys / to gett hir a glose, 412 Do you hear what a fuss she makes to get a pretense? 413 And dos noght bot lakys / and clowse hir toose. 413 And she does nothing but play around and scratch her toes.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 414 why, who wanders, who wakys / who commys, who gose? 414 What, who goes here and there, who stays awake? Who comes, who goes? 415 who brewys, who bakys? / what makys me thus hose? 415 Who brews, who bakes? What makes me as hoarse as I am? 416 And than, 416 And then, 417 It is rewthe to beholde, 417 It is a pity to behold - 418 Now in hote, now in colde, 418 At all times 419 ffull wofull is the householde 419 How woeful is the household 420 That wantys a woman. 420 That lacks a woman. 421 Bot what ende has thou mayde / with the hyrdys, mak? 421 But what happened in the end between you and the shepherds, Mak?

Mak Mak. 422 The last worde that thay sayde / when I turnyd my bak, 422 The last word they said when I turned my back was 423 Thay wold looke that thay hade / thare shepe all the pak. 423 They wanted to check they had all their sheep, the whole gang. 424 I hope thay wyll nott be well payde / when thay thare shepe lak, 424 I expect they will not be pleased when they miss their sheep, 425 Perde. 425 By God! 426 Bot how so the gam gose, 426 However the game will go, 427 To me thay wyll suppose, 427 They will suspect me 428 And make a fowll noyse, 428 And make a loathsome noise, 429 And cry outt apon me. 429 And raise the hue and cry on me. 430 Bot thou must do as thou hyght / 430 But you must do as you promised.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. I accorde me thertyll. I agree to that. 431 I shall swedyll hym right / In my credyll; 431 I shall swaddle it in my cradle. [She muffles up the sheep and puts it in the cradle. 432 If it were a gretter slyght / yit couthe I help tyll. 432 If it were a greater trick, I could still be helpful. 433 I wyll lyg downe stright; / com hap me; 433 I will lie down straightaway. Come, cover me. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 17

Mak Mak. I wyll. I will. [Covers her.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 434 Behynde. 434 Behind! 435 Com coll and his maroo, 435 If Coll and his mate come, 436 Thay will nyp vs full naroo. 436 They will nip me hard.

Mak Mak. 437 Bot I may cry out `haroo,' 437 But I can cry `out, help!’ 438 The shepe if thay fynde. 438 If they find the sheep.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 439 harken ay when thay call / thay will com onone. 439 Listen always whether they call; they will come soon. 440 Com and make redy all / and syng by thyn oone; 440 Come and make everything ready, and sing by yourself, 441 Syng lullay thou shall / for I must grone, 441 You shall sing `lullaby’, for I must groan 442 And cry outt by the wall / on mary and Iohn, 442 And cry out by the wall on Mary and John, 443 ffor sore. 443 Because of pain. 444 Syng lullay on fast 444 Sing `lullaby’ quickly, 445 when thou heris at the last; 445 When you at last hear them coming; 446 And bot I play a fals cast, 446 And unless I play a false trick, 447 Trust me no more. 447 Trust me no more. [The Shepherds meet at the crooked thorn.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 448 A, coll, goode morne / why slepys thou nott? 448 Ah, Coll, good morning! Why aren’t you sleeping?

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 449 Alas, that euer was I borne! / we haue a fowll blott. 449 Alas, that ever I was born! A bad disgrace was done to us - 450 A fat wedir haue we lorne. / 450 We have lost a fat wether.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. mary, godys forbott! By Mary, God forbid!

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 451 who shuld do vs that skorne? that were a fowll spott. 451 Who should (treat us) with such a scorn? That was a bad disgrace.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 452 Som shrewe. 452 Some villain. 453 I haue soght with my dogys 453 I have been looking (for it) with my dogs WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 18

454 All horbery shrogys, 454 Throughout the underwood of Horbery, 455 And of fefteyn hogys 455 And among fifteen hogs 456 ffond I bot oone ewe. 456 I found but a single ewe.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 457 Now trow me, if ye will / by sant thomas of kent, 457 Now believe me, if you will - by Saint Thomas of Kent, 458 Ayther mak or gyll / was at that assent. 458 Either Mak of Gyll was a party to it.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 459 peasse, man, be still! / I sagh when he went; 459 Silence, man, be still! I saw him when he left. 460 Thou sklanders hym yll / thou aght to repent, 460 You slander him wrongly; you should repent 461 Goode spede. 461 Quickly.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 462 Now as euer myght I the, 462 Now, as much as I hope to prosper, 463 If I shuld, euyn here de, 463 And even if I should die right here, 464 I wold say it were he, 464 I would say it was he 465 That dyd that same dede. 465 Who did that same deed.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 466 Go we theder, I rede / and ryn on oure feete. 466 Let us go there, I advise, and run (quickly) on our feet. 467 Shall I neuer ete brede / the sothe to I wytt. 467 I shall not eat bread, until I know the truth.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 468 Nor drynk in my heede / with hym tyll I mete. 468 Nor shall I drink, until I have met him.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 469 I wyll rest in no stede / tyll that I hym grete, 469 I will rest nowhere until I greet him, 470 My brothere. 470 My brother. 471 Oone I will hight: 471 One thing I will promise: 472 Tyll I se hym in sight 472 Until I see him, 473 shall I neuer slepe one nyght 473 I shall not sleep one night; 474 Ther I do anothere. 474 There, I will do something else.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 475 will ye here how thay hak? / oure syre, lyst, croyne. 475 Do you hear how they trill? Our sir wishes to croon. [groaning, Mak singing

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 476 hard I neuer none crak / so clere out of toyne; 476 I have never heard anyone sing so clearly out of tune. [a tuneless lullaby WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 19

477 Call on hym. 477 Call him.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 478 mak! / vndo youre doore soyne. 478 Mak, open your door at once!

Mak Mak. 479 Who is that spak, / as it were noyne, 479 Who was it that spoke, as though it were broad day, 480 On loft? 480 So loud? 481 Who is that I say? 481Who is that, I say?

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 482 Goode felowse, were it day. 482 A good fellow, (as you would see) if it were daylight.

Mak Mak. 483 As far as ye may, 483 As far as you can, [Opens the door. 484 Good, spekys soft, 484 Good sirs, speak softly, 485 Ouer a seke woman's heede / that is at mayll easse; 485 Because of a sick woman, who is unwell. 486 I had leuer be dede / or she had any dyseasse. 486 I would be dead rather than (causing) her any discomfort.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 487 Go to an othere stede / I may not well qweasse. 487 Go somewhere else! I cannot breathe well; 488 Ich fote that ye trede / goys thorow my nese. 488 Every step you tread goes through my nose 489 So hee! 489 So loudly.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 490 Tell vs, mak, if ye may, 490 Tell us, Mak, if you can, 491 how fare ye, I say? 491 How are you, I say?

Mak Mak. 492 Bot ar ye in this towne to day? 492 But are you in this town today? 493 Now how fare ye? 493 Now how are you? 494 ye haue ryn in the myre / and ar weytt yit: 494 You have run through the mire, and are still wet. 495 I shall make you a fyre / if ye will syt. 495 I shall make you a fire, if you like to sit down. 496 A nores wold, I hyre / thynk ye on yit, 496 I wanted to hire a nurse. Do you still remember? 497 well qwytt is my hyre / my dreme this is itt, 497 I’ve been paid my wages in full for a while - this is my 498 A seson. 498 Dream come true. [Points to the cradle. 499 I haue barnes, if ye knew, 499 I have children, if you remember, 500 well mo then enewe, 500 Far more than enough; 501 Bot we must drynk as we brew, 501 But we must drink as we brew, WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 20

502 And that is bot reson. 502 And that is reasonable. 503 I wold ye dynyd or ye yode / me thynk that ye swette. 503 I would like you to dine here before you leave. I think that you are sweatting.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 504 Nay, nawther mendys oure mode / drynke nor mette. 504 No, neither drink nor food will comfort us.

Mak Mak. 505 why, sir, alys you oght bot goode? / 505 Why, sirs, does anything but good trouble you?

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. yee, oure shepe that we gett, Yes, our sheep that we tend 506 Ar stollyn as thay yode / oure los is grette. 506 Were stolen when they were grazing. Our loss is great.

Mak Mak. 507 Syrs, drynkys! 507 Sirs, drink! 508 had I bene thore, 508 Had I been there, 509 Som shuld haue boght it full sore. 509 Someone would have paid dearly for it.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 510 Mary, som men trowes that ye wore, 510 By Mary, some people think that it had to be you, 511 And that vs forthynkys. 511 And that displeases us.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 512 Mak, som men trowys / that it shuld be ye. 512 Mak, some men think that it was you.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 513 Ayther ye or youre spouse / so say we. 513 Either you or your spouse, that’s what we say.

Mak Mak. 514 Now if ye haue suspowse / to gill or to me, 514 Now if you are suspicious of Jill or me, 515 Com and rype oure howse / and then may ye se 515 Come and ransack our house, and then you can see 516 who had hir, 516 Who took her. 517 If I any shepe fott, 517 If I stole a sheep, 518 Aythor cow or stott; 518 A cow or a heifer - 519 And gyll, my wyfe, rose nott 519 And, Jill, my wife, didn’t rise 520 here syn she lade hir. 520 Since she lay down. 521 As I am true and lele / to god here I pray, 521 As I am true and honest, I pray to God 522 That this be the fyrst mele / that I shall ete this day. 522 That this should be the first meal that I eat today. [Points to the cradle. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 21

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 523 Mak, as haue I ceyll, / Avyse the, I say; 523 Mak, as I hope for happiness, take thought, I say: 524 he lernyd tymely to steyll / that couth not say nay. 524 He learned early to steal who could not say no.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 525 I swelt! 525 I am dying! 526 Outt, thefys, fro my wonys! 526 Out, (you) thieves, off my home! 527 ye com to rob vs for the nonys. 527 You come on purpose to rob us.

Mak Mak. 528 here ye not how she gronys? 528 Don’t you hear how she groans? 529 youre hartys shuld melt. 529 Your hearts should melt. [The shepherds approach the cradle.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 530 Outt, thefys, fro my barne! / negh hym not thor. 530 Away from my child, you thieves! Don’t go near him!

Mak Mak. 531 wyst ye how she had farne / youre hartys wold be sore. 531 If you knew how she laboured (in childbirth), your hearts would be in pain. 532 ye do wrang, I you warne / that thus commys before 532 I warn you, you’re doing wrong in coming like that before 533 To a woman that has farne / bot I say no more. 533 A woman who has laboured - but I won’t say anything else.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 534 A, my medyll! 534 Ah, my waist! 535 I pray to god so mylde, 535 I pray to God (who is) so mild, 536 If euer I you begyld,, 536 That, if ever I deceived you, 537 That I ete this chylde 537 I will eat this child 538 That lygys in this credyll. 538 That lies in this cradle.

Mak Mak. 539 peasse, woman, for godys payn / and cry not so: 539 Silence, woman, for the sake of God’s pain, don’t cry like that! 540 Thou spyllys thy brane / and makys me full wo. 540 You’ll injure (destroy) your brain, and make me very unhappy.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 541 I trow oure shepe be slayn / what finde ye two? 541 I believe our sheep has been slain. What do you two think?

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 542 All wyrk we in vayn / as well may we go. 542 All we do is in vain; we may as well go. 543 Bot hatters, 543 Confound it! 544 I can fynde no flesh, 544 I cannot find any meat, WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 22

545 hard nor nesh, 545 Neither hard nor soft, 546 Salt nor fresh, 546 Nor salty or fresh - 547 Bot two tome platers. 547 Only two empty plates. 548 Whik catell bot this / tame nor wylde, 548 Tame or wild, apart from this, there is no animal 549 None, as haue I blys / as lowde as he smylde. 549 That, as I hope for eternal bliss, smelled as loud as he did.

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 550 No, so god me blys / and gyf me Ioy of my chylde! 550 No, so God bless me, and give me joy of my child!

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 551 We haue merkyd amys / I hold vs begyld. 551 We have aimed wrongly; I believe that we have been deceived.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 552 Syr don, 552 Sir, completely. 553 Syr, oure lady hym saue! 553 Sir - our Lady save him! - [To Mak. 554 Is youre chyld a knaue? 554 Is your child a boy?

Mak Mak. 555 Any lord myght hym haue 555 Any lord might want (him), 556 This chyld to his son. 556 This child, for his son. 557 when he wakyns he kyppys / that ioy is to se. 557 When he wakens he snatches, that it is a joy to see.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 558 In good tyme to hys hyppys / and in cele. 558 A good future to him, and a happy one. 559 Bot who was his gossyppys / so sone rede? 559 But who were ready so soon to act as his god-parents?

Mak Mak. 560 So fare fall thare lyppys! / 560 May good befall their snout!

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. hark now, a le! Listen now, a lie. [Aside.

Mak Mak. 561 So god thaym thank, 561 So God thank them, 562 Parkyn, and gybon waller, I say, 562 Parkyn and Gybon Waller, I say, 563 And gentill Iohn horne, in good fay, 563 And the gentle John Horne, in truth - 564 he made all the garray, 564 He caused all the disturbance (row) - 565 With the greatt shank. 565 With the long legs. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 23

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 566 Mak, freyndys will we be / ffor we ar all oone. 566 Mak, we will be (stay) friends, because we all agree.

Mak Mak. 567 we! now I hald for me / for mendys gett I none. 567 We? Well, for my own part, I’m holding back, because I don’t get amends. 568 ffare well all thre / all glad were ye gone. 568 Farewell all three! (I should be) very glad if you were gone. [Aside.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 569 ffare wordys may ther be / bot luf is ther none 569 These may be fair words, but there is no love (in them), 570 this yere. 570 None at all. [Exeunt shepherds.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 571 Gaf ye the chyld, any thyng? 571 Did you give anything to the child?

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 572 I trow not oone farthyng. 572 I think not one farthing.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 573 ffast agane will I flyng, 573 I will go back quickly; 574 Abyde ye me there. 574 Wait for me there. [Runs back. 575 Mak, take it to no grefe / if I com to thi barne. 575 Mak, don’t take offence if I come to your child.

Mak Mak. 576 Nay, thou dos me greatt reprefe / and fowll has thou farne. 576 No, you bring great disgrace on me, and you have behaved badly.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 577 The child will it not grefe / that lytyll day starne. 577 The child will not be troubled by it, that little morning-star. 578 Mak, with youre leyfe / let me gyf youre barne, 578 Mak, with your permission, let me give your child 579 Bot sex pence. 579 But a six-pence.

Mak Mak. 580 Nay, do way: he slepys. 580 No, enough! He is sleeping.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 581 Me thynk he pepys. 581 I think he’s peering.

Mak Mak. 582 when he wakyns he wepys. 582 When he awakens, he’ll weep. 583 I pray you go hence. 583 I pray you go away. [The first and Second Shepherds return. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 24

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 584 Gyf me lefe hym to kys / and lyft vp the clowtt. 584 Permit me to kiss him and lift up the swaddling clothes. 585 what the dewill is this? / he has a long snowte. 585 What the devil is this? He has a long snout!

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 586 he is merkyd amys / we wate ill abowte. 586 He’s deformed. We do wrong to pry about.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 587 Ill spon weft, Iwys / ay commys foull owte. 587 Badly spun woof, indeed, always comes out badly. [Recognizes the sheep. 588 Ay, so! 588 Ah, so 589 he is lyke to oure shepe! 589 He resembles our sheep!

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 590 how, gyb! may I pepe? 590 How, Gyb, may I peep?

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 591 I trow, kynde will crepe 591 I think nature will creep 592 where it may not go. 592 Where it cannot go.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 593 This was a qwantt gawde / and a far cast. 593 This was a cunning trick and a crafty ruse: 594 It was a hee frawde. / 594 It was a serious fraud.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. yee, syrs, wast. Yes, sirs, it was. 595 lett bren this bawde / and bynd hir fast. 595 Let us burn this bawd and tie her up securely. 596 A fals skawde / hang at the last; 596 A false scold was hanged in the end. 597 So shall thou. 597 So shall you. 598 wyll ye se how thay swedyll 598 Do you wish to see how they swaddled 599 his foure feytt in the medyll? 599 His four feet in the middle? 600 Sagh I neuer in a credyll 600 Never have I seen in a cradle 601 A hornyd lad or now. 601 A horned lad before now.

Mak Mak. 602 Peasse byd I: what! / lett be youre fare; 602 Be silent, I bid you. What, stop fussing. 603 I am he that hym gatt / and yond woman hym bare. 603 I am the one who begot him and yonder woman bore him.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 25

604 What dewill shall he hatt? / Mak, lo god makys ayre. 604 What the devil will he be called? `Mak’? Look, (by) God, Mak’s heir!

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 605 lett be all that. / now god gyf hym care, 605 Stop that! Now God give him sorrow, 606 I sagh. 606 I saw (the sheep myself).

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 607 A pratty child is he 607 He is a pretty child 608 As syttys on a waman's kne; 608 Like (one who) sits on a woman’s knee; 609 A dyllydowne, perde, 609 A darling, by God 610 To gar a man laghe. 610 That makes a man laugh.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 611 I know hym by the eere marke / that is a good tokyn. 611 I know him by his ear-mark; that is a good proof.

Mak Mak. 612 I tell you, syrs, hark! / hys noyse was brokyn. 612 I tell you, sirs, listen! - his nose was broken. 613 Sythen told, me a clerk / that he was forspokyn. 613 Afterwards a priest told me that he was bewitched.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 614 This is a fals wark / I wold, fayn be wrokyn: 614 That is a lie; I will gladly be avenged. 615 Gett wepyn. 615 Get a weapon!

Uxor Ejus (Gill) Uxor. 616 he was takyn with an elfe, 616 He was caught by an elf, 617 I saw it myself. 617 I saw it myself! 618 when the clok stroke twelf 618 When the clock struck twelve 619 was he forshapyn. 619 He was transformed.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 620 ye two ar well feft / sam in a stede. 620 You two are well endowed together in one place.

Tercius Pastor 621 Syn thay manteyn thare theft / let do thaym to dede. 621 1 Pastor. Since they uphold their theft, let us kill them.

Mak Mak. 622 If I trespas eft / gyrd of my heede. 622 If I trespass again, strike off my head. 623 with you will I be left. / 623 I will leave myself with you. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 26

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. syrs, do my reede. Sirs, take my advice: 624 ffor this trespas, 624 On account of this trespass 625 we will nawther ban ne flyte, 625 We will neither curse nor quarrel, 626 ffyght nor chyte, 626 Fight nor chide, 627 Bot haue done as tyte, 627 But hurry up as quickly as possible, 628 And cast hym in canvas. 628 And cast him in canvas. [They toss Mak. 629 lord! what I am sore / in poynt for to bryst. 629 Lord, I am in pain on the point of bursting! 630 In fayth I may no more / therfor wyll I ryst. 630 Truly, I can’t go on; therefore I will rest.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 631 As a shepe of sevyn skore / he weyd in my fyst. 631 He weighed as much as a sheep of 140 pounds in my fist. 632 ffor to slepe ay whore / me thynk that I lyst. 632 I think that I want to sleep anywhere.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 633 Now I pray you, 633 Now, I pray you 634 lyg downe on this grene. 634 Lie down on this greensward.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 635 On these thefys yit I mene. 635 I’m still thinking of these thieves.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 636 wherto shuld ye tene 636 Why should you be grieved? 637 So, as I say you? 637 Do as I say. [They lie down and sleep. Angelus cantat ‘Gloria in exelsis’; postea dicat:

Angel Angelus. 638 Ryse, hyrd men heynd! / for now is he borne 638 Rise, gracious herdsmen, for now he is born 639 That shall take fro the feynd / that adam had lorne: 639 Who will take from the fiend that which Adam had brought to ruin; 640 That warloo to sheynd / this nyght is he borne. 640 He was born on this night to destroy that warlock. 641 God is made youre freynd / now at this morne. 641 God is made your friend now on this morning, 642 he behestys, 642 He promises (it). 643 At bedlem go se, 643 Go see at Bethlehem, 644 Ther lygys that fre 644 There lies this noble lord 645 In a cryb full poorely, 645 In a crib very poorly 646 Betwyx two bestys. 646 Between two beasts. [The angel withdraws.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 647 This was a qwant stevyn / that euer yit I hard. 647 That was a refined voice, as I’ve ever yet heard. WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 27

648 It is a meruell to neuyn / thus to be skard. 648 It is a marvel to tell of, to be scared thus.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 649 Of godys son of heuyn / he spak vpward. 649 He spoke from above of God’s son of heaven. 650 All the wod on a leuyn / me thoght that he gard 650 It seemed that he made all the wood appear 651 Appere. 651 In bright light.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 652 he spake of a barne 652 He spoke of a child 653 In bedlem, I you warne. 653 In Bethlehem, I tell you.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 654 That betokyns yond starne. 654 That betokens yonder star; [Points to the sky. 655 let vs seke hym there, 655 Let us seek him there.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 656 Say, what was his song? / hard ye not how he crakyd it? 656 Say what was his song? Didn’t you hear how loudly he sang it? 657 Thre brefes to a long. / 657 Three short notes to the long one?

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. yee, mary, he hakt it. Yes, by Mary, he trilled it: 658 was no crochett wrong / nor no thyng that lakt it. 658 No crochet was wrong, nor did it lack anything.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 659 ffor to syng vs emong / right as he knakt it, 659 How to sing it among us, just as he trilled it 660 I can. 660 I know.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 661 let se how ye croyne. 661 Let us see how you croon! 662 Can ye bark at the mone? 662 Can you bark at the moon?

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 663 hold youre tonges, haue done! 663 Hold your tongues! Stop it!

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 664 hark after, than. 664 Listen, then. [He sings, and the others join in.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 665 To bedlem he bad / that we shuld gang: 665 He bid that we go to Bethlehem; WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 28

666 I am full fard / that we tary to lang. 666 I’m afraid that we’ve been waiting about for too long.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 667 Be mery and not sad / of myrth is oure sang, 667 Be merry and not sad - our song is about joy! 668 Euer lastyng glad / to mede may we fang, 668 We may earn everlasting gladness as a reward, 669 Withoutt noyse. 669 Without any fuss.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 670 hy we theder for thy; 670 Therefore let’s hurry thither - 671 If we be wete and wery, 671 Even if we are wet and weary - 672 To that chyld and that lady 672 To that child and that lady; 673 we haue it not to lose. 673 We mustn’t forget it. [Tries to sing again, but is interrupted by the 2. Shepherd:

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 674 we fynde by the prophecy- / let be youre dyn- 674 We find in the prophecy - be quiet! - 675 Of dauid and Isay / and mo then I myn, 675 By David and Isaiah and more than I remember - 676 Thay prophecyed by clergy / that in a vyrgyn 676 They prophesied learnedly - that through a virgin 677 shuld, he lyght and ly / to slokyn oure syn 677 He would come down and lie (there), to do away with our sin, 678 And slake it, 678 And relieve us from it, 679 Oure kynde from wo; 679 (Relieve) our race from woe; 680 ffor Isay sayd so, 680 For Isaiah said this: 681 Cite` virgo 681 Ecce virgo 682 Concipiet a chylde that is nakyd. 682 Concipiet a child that is naked.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 683 ffull glad may we be / and abyde that day 683 We should be very glad, and await that day, 684 That lufly to se / that all myghtys may. 684 On which to see that lovely that is almighty. 685 lord, well were me / for ones and for ay, 685 Lord, I would be happy for once and for all, 686 Myght I knele on my kne / som word for to say 686 If I could kneel on my knees in order to say something 687 To that chylde. 687 To that child. 688 Bot the angell sayd, 688 But the angel said 689 In a cryb wos he layde; 689 That he would be in a crib; 690 he was poorly arayd 690 He would be poorly dressed, 691 Both mener and mylde. 691 (He would be) both poor and gentle.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 692 patryarkes that has bene / and prophetys beforne, 692 Patriarchs who once lived, and prophets in the past, 693 Thay desyryd to haue sene / this chylde that is borne. 693 They wished to see this child, that is born. 694 Thay ar gone full clene / that haue thay lorne. 694 They have completely gone, they have lost that (chance). WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 29

695 We shall se hym, I weyn / or it be morne, 695 We shall see him, I expect, before it will be dawn, 696 To tokyn. 696 As a sign. 697 When I se hym and fele, 697 When I shall see and feel him, 698 Then wote I full weyll 698 Then I shall know very well 699 It is true as steyll 699 (That) it is true as steel 700 That prophetys haue spokyn. 700 What the prophets told: 701 To so poore as we ar / that he wold appere, 701 That he would appear to as poor men as we are, 702 ffyrst fynd, and declare / by his messyngere. 702 Find (us) first of all, and make known (his birth) through his messenger.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 703 Go we now, let vs fare / the place is vs nere. 703 Let us go now, let us go; the place is nearby.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 704 I am redy and yare / go we in fere 704 I am ready and prepared; let us go together 705 To that bright. 705 To that fair one. [They go to Bethlehem. 706 Lord, if thi wylles be, 706 Lord, if it be your will - 707 we ar lewde all thre, 707 We all three are simple - 708 Thou grauntt vs somkyns gle 708 Grant us some joyful means 709 To comforth thi wight. 709 Of comforting thy child. [They enter the stable.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 710 hayll, comly and clene! / hayll, yong child! 710 Hail, beautiful and pure (one)! Hail, young child! 711 hayll, maker, as I meyne, / of a madyn so mylde! 711 Hail, Creator , as I think, born of such a gentle maiden! 712 Thou has waryd, I weyne / the warlo so wylde; 712 You have cursed, I think, the wild Devil: 713 The fals gyler of teyn / now goys he begylde. 713 The lying malicious deceiver, now he is deceived himself. 714 lo, he merys; 714 Lo, he is merry, 715 lo, he laghys, my swetyng, 715 Lo, he is laughing, my sweet one! 716 A welfare metyng, 716 A very fine meeting! 717 I haue holden my hetyng; 717 I have kept my promise: 718 haue a bob of cherys. 718 Have a cluster of cherries.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 719 hayll, sufferan sauyoure! / ffor thou has vs soght: 719 Hail, sovereign Saviour, for you have chosen us! 720 hayll, frely foyde and floure / that all thyng has wroght! 720 Hail, noble child and flower, that has created everything! 721 hayll, full of fauoure / that made all of noght! 721 Hail, full of beauty, that made everything out of nothing! 722 hayll! I kneyll and I cowre. / A byrd haue I broght 722 Hail! I kneel and I cower. I brought a bird 723 To my barne. 723 To my child. 724 hayll, lytyll tyne' mop! 724 Hail, little tiny moppet! 725 of oure crede thou art crop: 725 You are the head of our Creed; WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 30

726 I wold drynk on thy cop, 726 I want to drink out of your chalice, 727 Lytyll day starne. 727 Little morning star.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 728 hayll, derlyng dere / full of godhede! 728 Hail, beloved darling, full of divinity! 729 I pray the be nere / when that I haue nede. 729 I pray that you will be near when I am in distress. 730 hayll! swete is thy chere! / my hart wold, blede 730 Hail, sweet is your face! My heart bleeds 731 To se the sytt here / in so poore wede, 731 To see you sitting here in such poor garments, 732 With no pennys. 732 With no pennies. 733 hayll! put furth thy dall! 733 Hail! Put your hand forward! 734 I bryng the bot a ball: 734 I bring you nothing more than a ball: 735 haue and play the with all, 735 Have it and disport yourself with it, 736 And go to the tenys. 736 And go to play tennis.

Mary Maria. 737 The fader of heuen / god omnypotent. 737 The father of heaven, the omnipotent God, 738 That sett all on seuen, / his son has he sent. 738 That created everything within seven days, has sent his son. 739 My name couth he neuen / and lyght or he went. 739 My name He named, and alighted in me before He went. 740 I conceyuyd hym full euen / thrugh myght as he ment, 740 I conceived him indeed through God’s might, as His purpose was; 741 And now is he borne. 741 And now he is born. 742 he kepe you fro wo! 742 May He keep you from misery! 743 I shall pray hym so; 743 I shall ask it of him. 744 Tell furth as ye go, 744 Make it known when you go, 745 And myn on this morne. 745 And bear this morning in mind.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 746 ffarewell, lady / so fare to beholde, 746 Fare well, lady, so beautiful to look at, 747 with thy childe on thi kne! / 747 With your child on your knees.

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. bot he lygys full cold. But he lies very cold. 748 lord, well is me / now we go, thou behold,. 748 Lord, I am happy! Now we will leave, you see.

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 749 ffor sothe all redy / it semys to be told 749 Certainly, it already seems to have been told 750 full oft. 750 Very often.

Primus Pastor 1 Pastor. 751 what grace we haue fun. 751 What (divine) grace have we found! WS 2004/2005 Prof. Busse: HS Medieval English Drama. The Wakefield Pageants 31

Secundus Pastor 2 Pastor. 752 Com furth, now ar we won. 752 Come on; now we are saved!

Tercius Pastor 3 Pastor. 753 To syng ar we bun: 753 We are obliged to sing - 754 let take on loft. 754 Let’s begin (to sing) loudly. [They go out singing.

(Explicit pagina Pastorum.)

Text: Translation: http://www.hti.umich.edu Participants of the Hauptseminar 1985 “The Wakefield Pageants”