Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka ANNEXURE-II PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
1 Name of the candidate DR.SAMREEN PANJAKASH And DEPT. OF ANATOMY, Address AL-AMEEN MEDICAL COLLEGE, (In block letters) BIJAPUR. 2 Name of the Institution AL-AMEEN MEDICAL COLLEGE, BIJAPUR 3 Course of study and subject M.D.(ANATOMY) 4 Date of admission to course 31/05/2011 5 Title of the Topic CO-RELATION BETWEEN STATURE AND HAND DIMENSIONS IN INDIAN ADULT POPULATION 6 Brief resume of the intended work 6.1 Need for the study VIDE ANNEXURE – I 6.2 Review of literature VIDE ANNEXURE – II 6.3 Objectives of the study VIDE ANNEXURE – III
7 Material and methods 7.1 Source of data VIDE ANNEXURE – IV 7.2 Method of collection of VIDE ANNEXURE – IV data (including sampling procedure if any) 7.3 Does the study require any investigations or YES,VIDE ANNEXURE – IV interventions to be conducted on patients, humans or animals? If so, please describe briefly. 7.4 Has ethical clearance VIDE ANNEXURE – VI been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3
8 List of References (About 4-6) VIDE ANNEXURE –V 9 Signature of candidate
10 Remarks of the guide A relevant and feasible work worth to be undertaken.
11 Name & Designation(In block letters) DR. BAITULLAH, 11.1 Guide PROFFESSOR OF ANATOMY.
11.2 Signature
11.3 Co-Guide DR. AMEER KHUSRU M. KAZI, ASSO. PROFFESSOR OF ANATOMY.
11.4 Signature
11.5 Head of the Department DR. AMEER KHUSRU M. KAZI, I/C H.O.D.
11.6 Signature
12 12.1 Remarks of the chairman & Principal
12.2 Signature ANNEXURE-I
NEED FOR THE STUDY
Estimation of stature is a key feature of personal identification, which is of immense significance to the anthropologists and medico-legal experts.
Stature estimation based on the measurements of body parts, specially long bones of the limbs can be traced in the last decade of the 19th century. Since then various parts/bones of body have attracted the attention of researchers to establish the correlation between stature and different body parts.
A number of workers have studied the correlation between stature and various long and short bones of the body. Many of them have correlated the dimensions of hand (and also foot) with the stature.(1)
The population of the world is highly variable as far as biological variability is concerned. Indian population is no exception, rather Indian population comprises various ethnic and racial groups leading to even greater variability in biological characteristics.(2)
Accuracy in stature estimation depends to some extent on the specificity of the samples on which the estimation is based and formulae of one population should not be used in another population.(3,4)
With increasing number of cases of mass disasters involving explosion, plane crash and suicide bombs the bodies of victims are severely dismembered. On such occasions just a fragment of body part may be presented to the forensic and medico-legal experts to comment on the stature of the individual to help establish the personal identity, e.g. hand.(5-15)
Very few studies of stature estimation are reported based on digits and phalanges of hand.(16,17,18,19,20) Even more limited are the studies taking into account all the digits and phalanges of hand.(21,22,23)
Therefore there seems to be a justification to study the correlation between stature and all the digits and phalanges of the hand in Indian adult population. This will augment the existing data and be of relevance to anthropologists and medicolegal experts.
ANNEXURE-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The history of study of correlation between body parts/bones and stature
is more than a century old. Based on the correlation, attempts have been made to
establish the stature from the dimensions of almost all the parts/bones of the body.(1)
Due to the non availability of complete body parts, e.g. in case of mass disasters,
especially those involving explosion, there is an increasing interest to correlate the
stature with the fragments of body parts.
A number of researchers have established positive co-relation between
stature and hand length and/or hand breadth in various parts of the globe including
Saxena S.K.(1984) in Nigeria(5), Abdel Malek A.K. et al(1990) in Egypt(6), Sultan
Sanli et al(2005) and Ozaslan A. et al(2006) in Turkey(7,8) ,Syeda Zamila et al(2009)
in Bangladesh(9), Isurani I. et al(2009) in Sri Lanka(10), Prateek Rastogi et al(2008),
Kumar Amit et al(2010), Kumar Sushil and Srivastava(2010), Chikhalkar and
Mangaonkar(2010) and Vijay Kumar Wagmare et al(2011) in India.(11,12,13,14,15)
Comparatively lesser attention has been given to co-relate the dimensions
of digits to the stature. Tyagi K. et al(1999) observed a positive co-relation between
stature and length of individual fingers in cosmopolitan population of Delhi.(16)
Danborno B. et al(2009) conducted a similar study using lengths of second
and fourth digits for stature estimation of Nigerian adults.(17)
Rastogi P. et al(2009) worked on prediction of stature from middle finger length in Indian adult population.(18)
Verghese A.J. et at (2010) also co-related height and length of individual fingers in South Indian adult population.(19)
Shivkumar A.H. et al (2011) observed a positive correlation between stature and middle finger length in South Indian females.(20)
Of all the dimensions of the hand, the least explored are the lengths of phalanges. Shintaku and Furuya(1990) derived regression formulae for stature estimation from proximal phalangeal length applicable to the Japanese women only.(21) However Jasuja O.P. and Singh G.(2004) in their study on Jat Sikh population of North India, have included all the phalanges of the fingers only, excluding the thumb.(22)
Though Habib S.R. et al(2010) have also co-related stature and phalangeal lengths, but in Egyptian adult population.(23)
The literature available indicates that some of the workers have
studied co-relation between stature and hand dimensions but studies based on all the
digits and phalanges are very limited. ANNEXURE-III
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To find out the co-relation between various dimensions of hand,(including
digits and phalanges) and the stature and derive stature estimation formulae
relevant to Indian adult population.
2. To find out the parameter exhibiting the stronger co-relation and also test the
significance of sexual as well as bilateral difference in the measurements.
3. To compare the results of the proposed study with those of the earlier workers. ANNEXURE-IV
MATERIAL AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA:
Around 300 healthy adult students of both the sexes of medical, dental and other health sciences at Al-Ameen Medical college campus, Bijapur will be selected from among those volunteering for the study, only after obtaining informed consent. Left handed subjects will not be included in the study.
METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA:
Stature will be measured using stadiometer and for hand dimensions sliding caliper will be used. All the measurements will be taken before noon to avoid diurnal variation as the stature varies during different timings of the day by 1.5-2cms. being less in the evening.(2,4)
MEASUREMENTS: As per the method adopted by Jasuja O.P. And Singh G.(22)
STATURE: Distance from vertex to floor with the subject standing
erect.
HAND LENGTH: Distance from middle of the distal wrist crease to
the distal end of most projecting point of hand.
HAND BREADTH: Distance from base of second metacarpal to base of fifth
metacarpal.
DIGIT LENGTH: Distance from middle of metacarpo-phalangeal crease to
the tip of digit.
PHALANGEAL LENGTHS:
Proximal phalangeal length: Distance from middle of metacarpo-phalangeal crease to proximal phalangeal crease.
Middle phalangeal length; Distance from middle of proximal phalangeal
crease to middle of distal phalangeal crease.
Distal phalangeal length: Distance from middle of distal phalangeal crease to
the tip of the digit.
For measurements on hand, all the digits including the thumb will be kept fully extended.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
The data obtained will be subjected to statistical analysis to derive the mean, standard deviation, co-relation coefficient, regression coefficient and value of constant. To test the level of significance of difference, 't' test will be applied.
However finalization of statistical analysis will be done in the light of expert opinion of a statistician. ANNEXURE-V
REFERENCES
1. Kewal Kishan. “Anthropometry in Forensic Medicine and Forensic Science-
'Forensic Anthropometry'”. The Internet Journal of Forensic Science
2007;2(1)
2. Singh S., Hussain M., Rizvi S.J. “Estimation of stature from Foot
measurements in adults”. International Journal of Medical Toxicology
and Legal Medicine 2010 Oct-Dec;13(2):46-49
3. Alicia Canda. “Stature estimation from body segment lengths in young adults-
Application to people with Physical Disabilities”. Journal of
Physiological Anthropology 2009;28(2):71-82
4. Prateek Rastogi. “Methods of stature estimation: A Review”. Journal of
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 2009 Jan-June;26(1):10-13
5. Saxena S.K. “A study of correlations and estimation of stature from hand
length, hand breadth and sole length”. Anthropol Anz 1984
Dec;42(4):271-276
6. Abdel-Malek A.K., Ahmed A.M., el-Sharkawi S.A., el-Hamid N.A.
“Prediction of stature from hand measurements”. Forensic Science
International 1990 July;46(3):181-187
7. Sultan G. Sanli, Emine D., Kizilkanat, Neslihan Boyan, Esin T. Ozsahin,
M. Gulhal Bozkir, Roger Soames, Hamza Erol, Ozkan Oguz. “Stature
estimation based on hand length and foot length”. Clinical
Anatomy 2005 Nov;18(8):589–596
8. Özaslan A, Koç S, Özaslan I, Tugcu H. ”Estimation of stature from Upper
Extremity”. Military Medicine 2006 Apr;171(4):288-291 9. Syeda Zamila Hasan Laila, Roxana Ferdousi, A.B.M. Nurunnobi, A.T.M.
Shafiqul Islam,Syeda Zamila Hosen Holy, Farzana Yesmin.
“Anthropometric Measurements of the hand length and their
correlation with the Stature of Bengali adult Muslim females.”
Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2009 Jan;7(1):10-13
10. Isurani Ilayperuma, Ganananda Nanayakkara, Nadeeka Palahepitiya.
“Prediction of personal stature based on the hand length”. Galle
Medical Journal 2009 Sep;14(1):15-18
11. Rastogi P, Nagesh K.R., Yoganarasimha K. “Estimation of stature from hand
dimensions of north and south Indians.” Legal Medicine (Tokyo) 2008
Jul;10(4):185-189
12. Kumar Amit, Srivastava A. K., Verma A.K. “Estimation of Stature by
Percutaneous Measurements of Distal Half of Upper Limb (Forearm
& Hand)”. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine
2010;32(4).
13. Kumar Sushil, Srivastava, A.K., Sahai, M.K.B. “Estimation of stature by
anthropometric examination of forearm and hand”. Journal of Indian
Academy of Forensic Medicine 2010 Mar;32(1)
14. Chikhalkar B.G., Mangaonkar A.A., Nanandkar S.D., Peddawad R.G.
“Estimation of Stature from Measurements of Long Bones, Hand and
Foot Dimensions”. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine
2010 Mar;32(4)
15. V. Waghmare, R. Gaikwad & N. G. Herekar. “Estimation Of The Stature
From The Anthropometric Measurement of Hand Length”. The
Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology 2011;4(2) 16. Tyagi A.K., Kohli K, Verma S.K., Aggarwal B.B.L. “Correlation between
stature and fingers length.” International Journal of Medical
Toxicology and Legal Medicine 1999;1(2):20-22
17. B. Danborno, S. S. Adebisi, A. B. Adelaiye & S. A. Ojo. “Estimation of
Height and weight from the Lengths of Second and Fourth Digits in
Nigerians.” The Internet Journal of Forensic Science 2009;3(2)
18. Prateek Rastogi, Tanuj Kanchan, Ritesh G. Menezes, K. Yoganarasimha
“Middle finger length - a predictor of stature in the Indian population.”
Medicine Science Law 2009 Apr;49(2):123-126.
19. Annie J. Varghese, Balaraj B.M., Pramod Kumar G.N. “A study of estimation
of stature from length of fingers in Mysore” Indian Journal of Forensic
Medicine Toxicology 2010 July-Dec;4(2)
20. Shivakumar A.H., Vijaynath V., Raju G.M. “Estimation of co-relation
between middle finger length and stature of females in South Indian
population.” Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine Toxicology
2011 Jan-June;5(1)
21. Shintaku K, Furuya Y. “Estimation of stature based on the proximal
phalangeal length of Japanese women's hands”. J UOEH
1990 Jun;12(2):215-219.
22. Jasuja O.P, Singh G. “Estimation of stature from Hand and Phalange
length”. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine 2004;26(3)
23. Sahar Refaat Habib, Nabil Kamal. “Stature estimation from hand and
phalangeal lengths in Egyptians”. Journal of Forensic and Legal
Medicine 2010 Apr;17(3):156-160 ANNEXURE-VI
ETHICAL COMMITTEE
AL-AMEEN MEDICAL COLLEGE, BIJAPUR
The following study entitled “CO-RELATION BETWEEN STATURE
AND HAND DIMENSIONS IN INDIAN ADULT POPULATION.” by Dr
Samreen Panjakash P.G. student in anatomy belonging to 2011- 2012 batch has been cleared from ethical committee of this institution for the purpose of dissertation work.
Chairman
Ethical committee
AL-Ameen Medical College, Bijapur PROFORMA Informed Consent
AL-AMEEN MEDICAL COLLEGE BIJAPUR
I willingly offer myself for the anthropometric measurements to be undertaken by Dr. SAMREEN PANJAKASH postgraduate student, department of Anatomy, Al-Ameen Medical College, Bijapur, for her dissertation work.
Name of Participant : ______
Signature of Participant: ______
Date : ______Day/month/year CODE NO.: ______
(to be assigned confidentially)
Witness No.1; Name :______
Signature:______
Date :______Day/month/year
Witness No. 2.;Name :______
Signature:______
Date :______Day/month/year