*The Manner in Which Atoms Are Bound Together Have Profound Effect on the Chemical And

Chapter 12 12.1-12.2 *The manner in which atoms are bound together have profound effect on the chemical and physical properties of a substance -graphite and diamond only differ in the way the carbon atoms are bound to each other -chemical reactions in our body, the way drugs work and many other reactions around us depends on molecular structure

Types of bonds Bond-force that holds groups of two or more atoms together and makes them function as a unit ?Give an example of a bond? Bond energy-energy required to break a bond and tells us about the strength of a bond p70-allotropes of diamond/graphite Ionic bonding-attractions among closely packed oppositely charged ions forming an ionic compound from metals and nonmetals bonding AND the atoms are very different ?Give an example of an ionic bond? NaCl

True Covalent bond-electrons are shared by very identical atoms(identical or similar electronegativity values)-two same nonmetals ?Give an example of a covalent bond? H2

Polar covalent bond-unequal sharing of electrons formed from a bond polarity- two different nonmetals ?Give an example of a polar covalent bond? H2O

Bond polarity-partial charges on atoms results from a stronger attraction to electrons by one of the atoms in the molecule

Electronegativity(p362)-ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself -chemist determine electronegativity values for elements by measuring the polarities of the bonds between various atoms ?What are two examples of periodic trends from this chart? -increases from left to right on the periodic table -decreases going down on the periodic table -higher electronegativity the closer a shared electron will be to an atom -polarity of a bond depends on the differences in electronegativities between an atom ?What is the difference between sodium and chloride? 2.1 What is the difference between H and H? 0 -zero electronegativity difference indicates true covalent and diatomic -similar electronegativites(two nonmetals that are NOT identical indicate sharing among atoms electronegativity differences bond type covalent ionic

0 covalent intermediate polar covalent large ionic