Organic Chemistry Review Sheet (IB Chemistry)

1. Carbon shows a very strong tendency to form______bonds. 2. How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom usually form?______3. When a carbon atom forms four covalent bonds, the bonds are directed toward the corners of ______4. ______atoms readily join with atoms of both other elements and carbon. 5. What do all organic compounds contain? 6. Organic compounds are defined as all covalently bonded compounds containing carbon except______and ______7. The diversity of organic compounds is so great because carboncompounds have many ______. Which formula shows the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule but not the bonds? (molecular formula, empirical formula ,structural formula, ionic) 8. In which of the following are the atoms bonded in a different order? a. structural isomers c. three-dimensional models b. geometric isomers d. organic compounds 9. In which of the following are atoms bonded in the same order but arranged differently in space? a. structural isomers c. three-dimensional models b. geometric isomers d. organic compounds 10. What type of bond is rigid and does not allow atoms to rotate freely? a. ionic bond c. single bond b. double bond d. hydrogen bond 11. When two identical atoms are on the same side, the molecule is______a. Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different ______. 12. Which formula is most useful in distinguishing isomers? 13. (molecular formula, empirical formula ,structural formula, ionic) 14. How many structural isomers does C4H10 have? 15. How many structural isomers does C5H12 have? 16. Which hydrocarbons have six-membered carbon rings and delocalized electrons? 17. Adjacent members differ by a constant unit in a(n)______18. The carbon-hydrogen bonds of alkanes are ______19. Each carbon atom in a molecule forms four single covalent bonds with other atoms in a(n)______hydrocarbon. 20. Hydrocarbons are grouped into series according to the______between carbon atoms. 21. Hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are connected by only single bonds in straight chains or branched chains are called ______22. The two resonance structures of ______have alternating single and double bonds. 23. Which of the following is an alkane? a. propyne c.propene b.propane d.propyl bromide 24. Hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms form only single bonds and are arranged in a ring are called______25. In alkanes with ______or fewer carbon atoms, only one molecular structure is possible. 26. Which statement about London dispersion forces is correct? Their strength increases as the ______of the molecule increases. 27. What are forms of the same element in the same state that have different properties? 28. What are two allotropic forms of carbon? 29. Which statement about the hardness of diamond and graphite is correct? a. Diamond is very soft, and graphite is very hard. b. Diamond is very hard, and graphite is very soft. c. Both diamond and graphite are very hard. d. Both diamond and graphite are very soft. 30. Which allotrope of carbon was the most recently discovered? 31. Paraffin is a solid at room temperature because it is composed of alkanes with ______molecular masses and strong ______forces. 32. Which alkene is used to synthesize plastics? Organic Chemistry Review Sheet (IB Chemistry)

a. ethene c. pentene b. -farnesene d. paraffin 33. Which alkyne combusts with pure oxygen to release intense energy as heat in welding torches? 34. Which of the following is an atom or a group of atoms responsible for the specific properties of an organic compound? ( isomer, hydrocarbon, substituted hydrocarbon, functional groups) 35. What is the functional group in carboxylic acids?______36. What is the name of the functional group –OH?______37. The systematic names of ketones end in ______38. What are alkanes called when atoms of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine are substituted for hydrogen atoms?

39. How is the functional group in alkyl halides often written? 40. What is the general formula for ethers? 41. A carbonyl group consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom. 42. Which class of compounds contains a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom? 43. Which class of compounds contains a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon groups? 44. What is the formula of the carboxyl group? 45. Which group of organic compounds can be considered derivatives of ammonia, NH3? 46. What is the general formula of esters? 47. Which of the following compounds is used in cold creams, body lotions, and lipsticks? (ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, methanol) 48. Which of the following compounds attacks ozone in the upper atmosphere? (dichlorodifluoromethane, tetrachloromethane, polyvinylchloride, tetrafluoroethene polymer) 49. in many organic reactions, an ether is used as a solvent instead of ______50. Ethers are mainly used as ______51. Carboxylic acids are ______52. The chemical properties of amines depend on the electronic structure of the ______53. In which organic reaction does one or more atoms replace another atom or group of atoms in a molecule?. (substitution, elimination, condensation, addition) 54. In which organic reaction does an atom or molecule join to an unsaturated molecule and increase its saturation? 55. In which organic reaction do two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine? 56. Which organic reaction can form a protein molecule if repeated many times? 57. In which organic reaction does a chlorine atom replace a hydrogen atom in a methane molecule? 58. To which group of organic reactions does hydrogenation belong? 59. Which functional group is formed by an alkane and a halogen in a substitution reaction? 60. Which functional groups can combine to form a water molecule in a condensation reaction? 61. Which of the following are large molecules made of many small units joined by organic reactions? 62. Which of the following are the small units joined to each other by organic reactions in a polymer? 63. What are the two main types of polymers? addition polymers and condensation polymers 64. What polymer is formed by a chain addition reaction between monomers that have a double bond? 65. In an addition reaction, monomers are joined by reactions involving ______bonds. 66. What polymers usually consist of two alternating monomers? a. addition polymers c. branched polymers b. condensation polymers d. cross-linked polymers 67. Monomers in condensation polymers must have ______different functional groups. 68. Linear molecules packed closely together form high-density ______. 69. Permanent-press fabrics can be made from which of the following polymers? 70. Name the following organic compounds Organic Chemistry Review Sheet (IB Chemistry)