3. Art and Its Influence on Men 3

CONTENT 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………...2

2. Purpose of Work…………………………………………………………………………3 3. Art and its influence on men ……………………………………………………………3

 Purpose of art……………………………………………………………………4  Ritualistic and symbolic spheres of interaction………………………………..5  Art is a form of communication………………………………………………...6  Art as entertainment……………………………………………………………..6  The Avante-Garde. ……………………………………………………………...6  Art for political change……………………………………………………….....7  Art for psychological and healing purposes …………………………………..7  Art for social inquiry and anarchy………………………………………….….7  Art for social causes………………………………………………………….….7  Art for propaganda, or commercialism………………………………………...7  Art as a fitness indicator………………………………………………………...7 4. Poetry as a form of literature………………………………………………………...….8

 Robert Burns ………………………………………………………………..…...9  Robert Louis Stevenson………………………………………………….….….11

5. My research study….…………………………………………………………………….….12

6. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………16

7. Application 1 ……………………………………………………………………………….17

8.Application 2 ………………………………………………………………………….…….24

9.Thesise……...... 25 10. References………………………………………………………………………………….26

The poetic genius creates no new power,

brings no new force into the world,

but utilizes and directs what is already here.

Art is not a handicraft, it is the transmission

of feelings the artist has experienced.

LEO TOLSTOY, War and Peace[1]

Art is a microscope which the artist fixes on

the secrets of his soul, and shows to people

these secrets which are common to all.

LEO TOLSTOY, What is Art? [2] 1. Introduction

I would like to talk to you about art and its influence on men . First, I have chosen this item to discuss because in our contemporary mad life we completely forgot about the beauty of art and its educational features. Second, I am an optimist and I shall talk to you about positive moments of our life. Third, I can slightly touch only 2 categories of art- what is seen-visual art and what is heard- poetry, the highest of all literary forms.

2. Purpose of Work.

To show the importance of art and its influence on men on the basis of the theory and personal practical research.

Aims of work on the project are: o To develop skills of independent research activity in the field of investigating of philosophical problems of Art and its influence on men and their application to the solution of an actual practical task , o To carry out the analysis of the theoretical approaches existing in domestic and foreign

o To carry out an independent research to study its influence on young generations; o To demonstrate abilities to systematize and analyze the data obtained during research. 3. Art and its influence on men

2 According to the Random House Webster's College Dictionary[3], Art is the quality, production, expression, or realm of what is beautiful or of more than ordinary significance.

Categories of art are the following:

 class of objects subject to aesthetic criteria, as paintings, sculptures, or drawings.

 dancing music, philosophy, or prosaic literature.

 trickery; cunning

 any field using the skills or techniques of art

 industrial art

 principles or methods governing any craft or branch of learning

 art of baking

 skill in conducting any human activity

 art of conversation

 studied action; artificiality in behavior.

 arts of politics.

Said above means that Art is a diverse range of human activities and the products of those activities.

I am going to focus your attention primarily on the visual arts, which includes the creation of images or objects in fields including painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media. And on the poetry as a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language—such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre.

Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences. In modern usage after the 17th century, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, the fine arts are separated and distinguished from acquired skills in general, such as the decorative or applied arts.

3 Art may be characterized in terms of mimesis , expression, communication of emotion, or other qualities. During the Romantic period, art came to be seen as "a special faculty of the human mind to be classified with religion and science". [4]

Purpose of art

Art has had a great number of different functions throughout its history, making its purpose difficult to abstract or quantify to any single concept. This does not imply that the purpose of Art is "vague", but that it has had many unique, different reasons for being created.

Art, as creativity, is something humans must do by their very nature .

Art is an internal appreciation of balance and harmony (beauty), and therefore it is beyond utility .

"Imitation, then, is one instinct of our nature. Next, there is the instinct for 'harmony' and rhythm, meters being manifestly sections of rhythm. Persons, therefore, starting with this natural gift developed by degrees their special aptitudes, till their rude improvisations gave birth to

Poetry," wrote Aristotle in his “The Nature of subjects”.[5]

"The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science." -Albert Einstein[6]

Art provide a means to express the imagination in non-grammatic ways that are not tied to the formality of spoken or written language. Unlike words, which come in sequences and each of which have a definite meaning, art provides a range of forms, symbols and ideas with meanings that are malleable.[6]

Immanuel Kant described the sculpture of Ganimede (Picture 1)[7] in the following way:

"Jupiter's eagle is not, like logical (aesthetic) attributes of an object, the concept of the sublimity and majesty of creation, but rather something else – something that gives the imagination an incentive to spread its flight over a whole host of kindred representations that provoke more thought than admits of expression in a concept determined by words.

4 Ritualistic and symbolic functions. In many cultures, art is used in rituals, performances and dances as a decoration or symbol. While these often have no specific utilitarian (motivated) purpose, anthropologists know that they often serve a purpose at the level of meaning within a particular culture. This meaning is not furnished by any one individual, but is often the result of many generations of change, and of a cosmological relationship within the culture.

The swastika (also known as the gammadion cross or cross cramponnée) is a symbol that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross, with its four legs bent at 90 degrees . It is considered to be a very sacred and auspicious symbol in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

In accordance with one hypothesis the swastika share a common origin in simply symbolizing the sun. Another hypothesis is that the 4 arms of the cross represent 4 aspects of nature - the sun, wind, water, soil. Some have said the 4 arms of cross are four seasons, where the division for 90- degree sections correspond to the solstices and equinoxes. The Hindus represent it as the

Universe in our own spiral galaxy in the fore finger of Lord Vishnu.In Buddhism it was a graphical representation of eternity.( Picture 2)

Art is a form of communication. As most forms of communication have an intent or goal directed toward another individual, this is a motivated purpose. Illustrative arts, such as scientific illustration, are a form of art as communication. Maps are another example. However, the content need not be scientific. Emotions, moods and feelings are also communicated through art.

(picture 3,picture 4)

Art as entertainment. Art may seek to bring about a particular emotion or mood, for the purpose of relaxing or entertaining the viewer. This is often the function of the art industries of

Motion Pictures and Video Games.(picture 5,picture 6)

The Avante-Garde. Art for political change. One of the functions of early twentieth-century art has been to use visual images to bring about political change. Art movements that had this goal—Dadaism, Surrealism, Russian constructivism, and Abstract Expressionism, among others

5 —are collectively referred to as the avante-garde arts which wanted to erase cultural differences in order to produce new universal values

(picture 7,picture 8,picture 9)

Art for social inquiry and anarchy. While similar to art for political change, subversive or deconstructivist art may seek to question aspects of society without any specific political goal. In this case, the function of art may be simply to criticize some aspect of society.

Graffiti art and other types of street art are graphics and images that are spray-painted on publicly viewable walls, buildings, buses, trains, and bridges, usually without permission.

Certain art forms, such as graffiti, may also be illegal when they break laws (in this case vandalism).

Art for social causes. Art can be used to raise awareness for a large variety of causes. A number of art activities were aimed at raising awareness of autism, cancer, human trafficking, and a variety of other topics, such as ocean conservation, human rights and pollution.

(picture 10,picture 11,picture 12)

Art for psychological and healing purposes. Art is also used by art therapists, psychotherapists and clinical psychologists as art therapy. The Diagnostic Drawing Series, for example, is used to determine the personality and emotional functioning of a patient. The end product is not the principal goal in this case, but rather a process of healing, through creative acts, is sought. The resultant piece of artwork may also offer insight into the troubles experienced by the subject and may suggest suitable approaches to be used in more conventional forms of psychiatric therapy.

Art for propaganda, or commercialism. Art is often utilized as a form of propaganda, and thus can be used to subtly influence popular conceptions or mood. In a similar way, art that tries to sell a product also influences mood and emotion. In both cases, the purpose of art here is to subtly manipulate the viewer into a particular emotional or psychological response toward a particular idea or object.[50] (picture 13,picture 14,picture 15)

6 Art as a fitness indicator. It has been argued that the ability of the human brain by far exceeds what was needed for survival in the ancestral environment. One evolutionary psychology explanation for this is that the human brain and associated traits (such as artistic ability and creativity) are the human equivalent of the peacock's tail. The purpose of the male peacock's extravagant tail has been argued to be to attract females (see also Fisherian runaway and handicap principle). According to this theory superior execution of art was evolutionary important because it attracted mates.(picture 16) [8]

4. Poetry is “the art of doing by means of words what the painter does by means of colours.”

Literature being an integral part of art is a picture, more or less true, more or less inspiring, of actual life.

Every country has its own literature which mirrors its life. But every literature is also an expression of emotions, of ideas and ideals, which have a permanent value and which are of interest for men in every age and country. Truly speaking, literature is not of one age but of all ages, not of one country but of all countries. When man is emotionally moved he used verse; when he wants to express his point of view, discusses affairs, or quarrells, or asks other people to supply needs he uses prose.

Poetry is one of the three major branches of literature. All through the ages efforts have been made to define poetry, and determine its nature and function: For example, Dr. Johnson, the great scholar and literary critic of the 18th century, defined poetry as, “metrical composition”, and added that it is “the art of uniting pleasure with truth by calling imagination to the help of reason.”.

According to Matthew Arnold, it is simply the most delightful and perfect form of utterance that human words can reach

7 Poetry deals with facts, experience and problems of life, but first, it relates them to our emotions, and secondly, it transfigures and transforms them by the exercise of imagination.

The true content of poetry must be imaginative and emotional. And this imaginative and emotional interpretation of life must be clothed in a systematically rhythmical language, which is called metre. The use of metre is not something external, something ‘super-added’, but essential.

The primary purpose of all art is to provide aesthetic pleasure and the aesthetic pleasure of poetry is not possible without the use of metre

Metre is an essential part of the perfection poetry, and the use of metre modifies the language of poetry. ‘Metre’ as Coleridge puts it [9],

“ medicates the whole atmosphere”, and makes the diction of poetry different from the language of prose

Not only that, the diction of poetry must also be figurative.

Figures of speech are not merely decorative, they are essential to the emotional and imaginative appeal of poetry. In moments of intense emotional excitement, man has always tended to express himself in a figurative language. He has always coloured the external world with his own emotion, or has compared himself and his life with the objects and phenomena of nature.

 Simile,

 metaphor,

 personification,

 pathetic fallacy,

 hyperbole, etc., are the more common of the figures which have been used by men since the earliest times. These figures are used by prose-writers as well, but a poet’s use of them is more frequent and more emotional and more imaginative.

Now I shall present you some brilliant examples of English poetry.

Robert Burns (picture 17)

8 Born in Alloway, Scotland, on January 25, 1759, Robert Burns was the first of seven children.

His father, a farmer, educated his children at home. Burns also attended one year of mathematics schooling and, between 1765 and 1768, he attended an “adventure” school established by his father and John Murdock. His father died in bankruptcy in 1784, and Burns and his brother

Gilbert took over farm. This hard labor later contributed to the heart trouble that Burns’ suffered as an adult.

Most of Burns’ poems were written in Scots. They document and celebrate traditional Scottish culture, expressions of farm life, and class and religious distinctions. Burns wrote in a variety of forms: epistles to friends, ballads, and songs. His best-known poem is the mock-heroic Tam o’

Shanter. He is also well known for the over three hundred songs he wrote which celebrate love, friendship, work, and drink with often hilarious and tender sympathy. Burns died on July 21,

1796, at the age of 37. Even today, he is often referred to as the National Bard of Scotland.

MY HEART IS IN THE HIGHLAND My heart's in the Highlands, my heart is not here, My heart's in the Highlands a-chasing the deer - A-chasing the wild deer, and following the roe; My heart's in the Highlands, wherever I go. Farewell to the Highlands, farewell to the North The birth place of Valour, the country of Worth; Wherever I wander, wherever I rove, The hills of the Highlands for ever I love. Farewell to the mountains high cover'd with snow; Farewell to the straths and green valleys below; Farewell to the forrests and wild-hanging woods; Farwell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods. My heart's in the Highlands, my heart is not here, My heart's in the Highlands a-chasing the deer Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe; My heart's in the Highlands, whereever I go. [10] (picture 18,picture 19)

Robert Louis Stevenson (picture 20)

9 Born on November 13, 1850, in Edinburgh, Scotland, Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson came from a long line of engineers. During his boyhood, he spent holidays with his maternal grandfather, a minister and professor of moral philosophy who shared his love of sermons and storytelling with him. Prone to illness, Stevenson spent many of his early winters in bed, entertained only by his imagination and a great love of reading, especially William Shakespeare,

Sir Walter Scott, John Bunyan and The Arabian Nights.

His first successful novel, “Treasure Island” was published in 1884, followed by “A Child’s

Garden of Verses” in 1885, and “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” in 1886.

By 1894, Stevenson had become increasingly depressed, convinced the best of his work was behind him. He wrote that he wished his illnesses would kill him. On the evening of December

3, 1894, he collapsed and died. [11]

The Land of Counterpane When I was sick and lay a-bed, I had two pillows at my head, And all my toys beside me lay, To keep me happy all the day. And sometimes for an hour or so I watched my leaden soldiers go, With different uniforms and drills, Among the bed-clothes, through the hills; And sometimes sent my ships in fleets All up and down among the sheets; Or brought my trees and houses out, And planted cities all about I was the giant great and still That sits upon the pillow-hill, And sees before him, dale and plain, The pleasant land of counterpane. (picture 21)[12] When reading a poem, we are enthralled by the magic words of the bard, filling the soul with burning desires and aspirations. The cold heart is warmed; the base man feels he can be noble; the despairing one grows hopeful; the sleeping soul awakes to action; aroused within the human breast is every passion ever known to man.

The merry, jingling metre of the lyric fascinates and pleases. The poet gives a new interpretation to life, he brings truth to light, he leads us out into field and forest to the starry sky, to listen to the song of birds, or watch the sunset!

5. My research study.

Taking in account the title of my presentation I decided to discover the influence and significance of Art on minds and souls of my classmates. For that I prepared several questions and asked my friends to answer them. What results we finally received ? Let us see and estimate. My first question was :

10 I meant that everybody had to know the right answer but it was my first surprise- there was a little percentage of those who made mistakes.

The answers on my second question puzzled me very much because Malevich was considered to be the auther of Scotland whiskey Black Horse or the writer of Stivenson s Black Arrow.But to tell the truth over 70 % of the respondees made their choice responsibly.

The most simple question was about Mona Lisa and its Painter.Hurray!!!!Everybody knows the details.That s great !!!

It was wonderfull that majority of my friends are rather well informed about such ambigious symbol as swastika and don t coincide it only with fascism.

And the most principle question was about Art and its influence. It is very pity that approximately one third part of schoolmates are quiet indifferent to Art.

So there is a wide field of activities to make people believe the importance of Art in contemporary world.

The Beauty will save the World.

11 6. Conclusion

Thus we see the uplifting power and purifying influence of poetry, but how can we really know and feel it unless we avail ourselves of the grand opportunity to become acquainted with the thoughts of the bard by reading them and reflecting upon them?

But among our people there is a lack of sentiment, idealism.

Now more than ever we need the poet's power to make us see more of the higher and less of the practical side of life.

I hope and trust the day is coming when the spirit of poetry shall enter into every human relation.

But the choice lies with us individually-shall we encourage or reject it?

7. Application 1

Picture 1. Ganymede with Jupiter's Eagle.

Website:http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/art/thorwaldsen.html

Picture 2. Website: http://www.nbu.bg/cogs/analogy09/proceedings/lindainvest.ro&page=7

Picture 3. Website: http://salon-design.ru/katalog-freski-renaissance-fresco-k? view=95392803

Picture 4 . Website: http://ww.salon-trio.ru/item.php?id=27841

Picture 5. Website: http://www.davtyan.ru/notes/movie/14/

Picture 6 .Website: http://картинки.cc/550320135/

Picture 7 .Website: http://www.art11.ru/abstrakcija/abstrakcija_665.html

Picture 8. Website: http://www.art11.ru/abstrakcija/abstrakcija_6.html

15 Picture 9. Website: http://www.art11.ru/abstrakcija/abstrakcija_632.html

Picture 10. Website: http://caricatura.ru/art/matthies/url/parad/matthies/9418/&gfc=519349

Picture 11. Website : http://www.climate.kz/rus/?m=news&id=67&act=all

Picture 12. Website: http://www.climate.kz/rus/?m=news&id=67&act=all

Picture 13. Website: http://900igr.net/kartinki/ekologija/Okhrana-sredy/Okhrana- sredy.html

16 Picture 14. Website: http://est-idea.ru/ideas/images/?page=2364

Picture 15. Website: http://insistolog.livejournal.com/140998.html

Picture 16. Website: http://sloggun.ru/istoriya-brenda-coca-cola.html

Picture 17. Website: http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/341224

Picture 18. Website: http://www.newsru.com/world/16nov2008/charles.html

Picture 19. Website: http://www.anglomania.org/2012/01/blog-post_25.html

Picture 20. Website: http://www.vokrug.tv/photo/person/Robert_Lyuis_Stivenson_/

8. Application 2

Questionary

Your age ______. Your gender: Masc. Fem. 1. Who wrote “Prince of Denmark Hamlet”? Shakespear Stivenson Servantes 2. What art production was made by Malevitch? Black arrow Black square Black horse 3. Who is the author of “Mona Lisa”? Giordano Bruno Leonardo da Vinci Galileo Galilei 4. Is the swastika ancient or modern symbol? Ancient Modern Don’t know 5. What is the basic meaning of swastika? (May exist more than 1 answer) Four seasons of the year: winter, spring, summer, autumn Four aspects of nature: sun, wind, water, soil Universe Fascism Don’t know 6. Do classical Art influence on men? Yes No

19 Insufficiently Don’t know 9.THESISES Art and its influence on men Realization: Savelyev Maxim, the pupil of the 5 «С» form, school No. 2033. Guidance: Mrs. Oskina D. O., the teacher of English language. Art is a microscope which the artist fixes on the secrets of his soul, and shows to people these secrets which are common to all.

 Meanings and categories of art

 Visual arts includes the creation of images or objects in fields including

painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media.

 Poetry as a form of literature

 The primary purpose of all art is to provide aesthetic pleasure through Imitation,

imagination,etc.

 Interaction of men and art

 Ritualistic and symbolic spheres of interaction  Art is a form of communication  Art as entertainment  The Avante-Garde.  Art for political change.  Art for psychological and healing purposes  Art for social inquiry and anarchy  Art for social causes  Art for propaganda, or commercialism  Art as a fitness indicator

 Poetry is “the art of doing by means of words what the painter does by means of

colours.”

 Robert Burns  Robert Louis Stevenson

10. References.

20 1. "Introduction to War and Peace" by Richard Pevear in Pevear, Richard and Larissa

Volokhonsky, War and Peace, 2008, Vintage Classics.

2. Tolstoy, Leo (1995 [1897]). What is Art? (Translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa

Volokhonsky). London: Penguin. pp. 3–4.

3. The Random House Webster's College Dictionary[3],1950,P.18

4. Different Forms of Art- Applied Art. Buzzle.com. Retrieved 11 Dec 2010 5. Aristotle. The Poetics, Republic. Note: Although speaking mostly of poetry here, the

Ancient Greeks often speak of the arts collectively. http://www.authorama.com/the-

poetics-2.html

6. Einstein, Albert. The World as I See It. http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/essay.htm 7. Richard Wollheim, Art and its objects, p.1, 2nd edn, 1980, Cambridge University Press,

ISBN 0-521-29706-0

8. Immanuel Kant, Critique of Aesthetic Judgement

9. Graham, Gordon (2005). Philosophy of the arts: an introduction to aesthetics. Taylor &

Francis.

10. An Experiment For A Metre Author: Samuel Taylor Coleridge

711321-8 [reviewed by Matthew Sturgis in The Times Literary Supplement, 11 March

2005, page 8]

13. A Child's Garden of Verses (1885), 14. http://www.artnewsblog.com/news/