2001 National Floriculture

2001 NATIONAL FLORICULTURE CAREER DEVELOPMENT EVENT General Knowledge Examination

1. The major auxin produced in plants is: a. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) b. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) c. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) d. Ethylene

2. The genus and species name for carnations is: a. Hyacinths orientalis b. Dianthus caryophyllus c. Anemone coronaria d. Euphorbia pulcherriria

3. A hue with white added is termed a: a. Tint b. Tone c. Chroma d. Accent

4. Light energy, carbon dioxide and water enter into the process of photosynthesis through which: a. Respiration results b. Carbohydrates are formed c. Chlorophyll is formed d. Amino acids are formed

5. The most important pest of greenhouse roses is: a. The aphid b. Thrips c. The two-spotted spider mite d. The greenhouse whitefly

6. What is the name of the growth regulator often used on poinsettia crops to control height? a. Diazinon b. Osmocote c. Cytokinin d. Cycocel

7. Optimum temperature for poinsettia growth is: a. 70 to 90F b. 60 to 80F c. 50 to 60F d. 45 to 55F

8. The main propagation method of tuberous begonias is: a. Tubers

2001 National Floriculture Exam, Page 1

b. Cuttings c. Bulbs d. Seed propagation

9. Fungus gnat damage to potted plants is caused by the: a. Adult stage b. Larval stage c. Pupal stage d. All of the above

10. The most important environmental factor regulating flower initiation in bulbous species is: a. Light b. Temperature c. Moisture d. Ventilation

11. The cool colors on a typical wheel consist of: a. Red, red-orange, orange, yellow-orange b. Yellow-green, yellow, yellow-orange c. Green, blue-green, blue, blue-violet, violet d. Red-violet, red, violet, red-orange

12. Pasteurization of root media at 180F for 30 minutes would: a. Kill most plant viruses b. Kill most weed seed c. Kill most pathogenic fungi d. All of the above

13. Floral preservatives function to: a. Provide sugar b. Supply a bactericide c. Acidify the solution d. All of the above

14. A major problem in standard carnation production resulting in asymmetrical flowers is: a. Improper fertilization b. High-density spacing c. Calyx splitting d. Lack of pinching

15. The most common summer cooling system in greenhouses is: a. Package evaporative coolers b. Fan-tube cooling system c. Fog evaporative cooling d. Fan-and-pad evaporative harmony

16. The use of tints, tones, and shades of the same hue is termed: a. Split complementary b. Monochromatic harmony 2001 National Floriculture Exam, Page 2

c. Analogous harmony d. Direct complementary

17. When grown at a minimum temperature of 60F for a year-round flower production, hybrid chrysanthemums are: a. Long-day plants b. Day-neutral plants c. Inhibited from flowering d. Short-day plants

18. The florists’ gloxinia and African violet are members of which plant family? a. Legume b. Gesneriaceae c. Composite d. Caryophyllaceae

19. An informal garden design: a. Contains bordered plantings b. Is symmetrical c. Imitates nature d. Contains many straight lines

20. The soil pH level primarily controls: a. Soil temperature b. Activity of soil-borne diseases c. Moisture absorption by roots d. Availability of essential plant nutrients

21. An ethylene test is routinely used to separate shattering from non-shattering cultivars of: a. Poinsettias b. Roses c. Azaleas d. Snapdragons

22. For roses, as temperature is increased, petal number and flower bud size: a. Decreases b. Increases rapidly c. Is unchanged d. Increases slowly

23. As a general rule, greenhouse crops should be watered: a. Using a well drained media b. Thoroughly each time c. Just prior to moisture stress d. All of the above

24. To preserve desired characteristics of rose cultivars, their numbers must be increased to vegetative methods, primarily: 2001 National Floriculture Exam, Page 3

a. Layering b. Budding c. In vitro culture d. Cutting

25. A perennial vine producing fragrant yellow flowers all summer is: a. Coral vine b. Carolina Jessamine c. Morning glory d. Wisteria

26. The most serious disease of pests of orchids are the ______, being difficult to detect and having no reliable control measures. a. Bacteria b. Nematodes c. Fungi d. Viruses

27. The removal of lateral flower buds from stems, such as carnations and chrysanthemums, is called: a. Soft pinch b. Deadheading c. Hard pinch d. Disbudding

28. An ornamental receptacle for holding plants or flowers is termed a: a. Dish garden b. Nosegay c. Jardinière d. Manzanita

29. An orchid having a horizontal stem from which numerous shoots arise is called: a. Monopodial b. Epiphytic c. Terrestrial d. Sympodial

30. The actual and apparent size relationship of the components of an arrangement is called: a. Harmony b. Rhythm c. Scale d. Balance

31. A component of greenhouse root media consisting of siliceous volcanic rock, crushed and heated to 1800F is: a. Vermiculite b. Rockwool c. Calcined clay d. Perlite

32. Irregularly shaped holes with smooth edges appear in Hosta leaves. Some leaves are missing. The plants should be treated for: a. Aphids b. Leaf cutter bees c. Slugs and snails d. Leafhoppers

33. Cut branches of evergreen 20 to 30 inches long are called: a. Tips b. Bales c. Boughs d. Bunches

34. These insects are identified by the cottony material found on stems and along leaf veins: a. Aphids b. Mealybugs c. Spider mites d. Whiteflies

35. Technique used to make a small cluster of filler flowers for use in corsages and wedding bouquets: a. Hook method b. Clutch method c. Splinting method d. Pierce method

36. Your Dieffenbachia’s new growth is weak and spindly with larges gaps between the leave. The problem is: a. Salt damage b. Nitrogen defiency c. Botrytis d. Lack of light

37. This widespread fungal disease, often referred to as gray mold, attacks weak flowers and foliage, and is found on most dead plant tissue: a. Botrytis cinerea b. Bacteria wilt c. Powdery mildew d. Damping off

38. Excessively short stems in tulips planted outdoors are due to: a. Lack of sunlight b. Warm spring temperatures and lack of winter cooling c. Excessive moisture d. Magnesium and calcium deficiencies

39. A hue plus gray which is duller than the pure hue, and produces a soft, soothing effect is a: a. Split complementary b. Tone c. Shade d. Tint 2001 National Floriculture Exam, Page 5

40. Specialty cut flowers are defined as: a. Cut flowers other than roses b. Cut flowers other than roses, carnations, and chrysanthemums c. Cut flowers other than carnations, chrysanthemums, and gladiolas d. Cut flowers other than those grown in the field

41. The majority of florist business are conducted in one location and annual gross sales are generally under: a. $2,500,000.00 b. $250,000.00 c. $25,000.00 d. $2,500.00

42. Choosing the right heating system for a particular greenhouse depends on all but one of the following variables. Identify the one that is not acceptable: a. Climate b. Type of containers c. Size of greenhouse d. Cost and availability

43. A physiological disorder of geraniums caused by high moisture levels in the root media is: a. Bacterial blight b. Botrytis blight c. Oedema d. Pythium

44. Upper leaves which show interveinal chlorosis probably suffer from: a. Lack of water b. A sulfur deficiency c. An iron deficiency d. A nitrogen deficiency

45. There is an abbreviation for the mathematical difference between the day temperature and the night temperature. Identify that abbreviation: a. DTNT b. DT/NT c. AM-PM d. DIF

46. Rooted cuttings of carnations are planted very shallow and are irrigated by ooze tubes or a similar system. The primary reason for this type of watering is to: a. Control costs b. Not wet foliage c. Allow the injection of iron d. Save time and equipment

47. The greatest control over the cooling phase of Easter lily production is provided by: a. Controlled temperature forcing b. Commercial care cooling c. Natural cooling 2001 National Floriculture Exam, Page 6

d. Fan and pad cooling

48. In order to create successful arrangements, one must understand the range of acceptable color combinations called color schemes. One of the following is not among this frequently used color schemes: a. Monochromatic b. Analogous c. Triad d. Quadraplex

49. Color is important in helping attain most of the principles of design. One of the following is not among the guidelines commonly followed in floral arranging: a. Repeat colors in a design b. Use darker colored flowers in deeper and lower in arrangement c. Never allow one color to dominate d. Don’t use too many different colors

50. The most important single aspect of perennial gardening is: a. Control of plant height b. Deciding between an informal or formal design c. Determining the gardens’ locations d. Timing the bloom

2001 National Floriculture Exam Answer Key

Problem Number Answer Problem Number Answer #1 C #26 D #2 B #27 D #3 A #28 C #4 B #29 D #5 C #30 C #6 D #31 D #7 B #32 C #8 D #33 C #9 B #34 B #10 B #35 B #11 C #36 D #12 D #37 A #13 D #38 B #14 C #39 B #15 D #40 B #16 B #41 B #17 D #42 B #18 B #43 C #19 C #44 C #20 D #45 D #21 D #46 B #22 A #47 A #23 D #48 D #24 B #49 C #25 B #50 D