Gace Study Guide

Grushan Robinson EMAT 681 Spring 2011 GACE STUDY GUIDE Historical Understandings SS2H1 The student will read about and describe the lives of historical figures in Georgia history. a. Identify the contributions made by these historic figures: James Oglethorpe, Tomochichi, and Mary Musgrove (founding of Georgia); Sequoyah (development of a Cherokee alphabet); Jackie Robinson (sports); Martin Luther King, Jr. (civil rights); Jimmy Carter (leadership and human rights). b. Describe how everyday life of these historical figures is similar to and different from everyday life in the present (food, clothing, homes, transportation, communication, recreation, rights, and freedoms).

Historical Figures:

Jimmy Carter- The 39th President of the United States.  Born October 1, 1924 in Plains, Georgia  Served as Georgia State Senator and Governor of Georgia

A. Contributions: o As Governor, he opened jobs to many blacks in the Georgia state government o He was the first to display a portrait of an African American in the capitol o As President, he negotiated a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel-called Camp David o As President, he negotiated treaties of the Panama Canal-to return ownership to the Panama. o As President, he negotiated with the Soviet Union to limit production of nuclear weapons. o As President, he created the Department of Energy and Department of Education. o As President, he established a national energy policy and U.S. diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China. o As President he supported and fought for human right causes throughout the world. o After his presidency, Carter founded the Carter Center at Emory University o After his presidency, Carter established The Atlanta Project-1991 o After his presidency, Carter volunteered for Habitat for Humanity.

B. Similarities/Differences of the life of Jimmy Carter and life today: o Carter grew up in a clapboard farmhouse without electricity or indoor plumbing. o Carter ate most of the same foods we eat today, but his food was prepared on a wood-burning stove. o Carter and his family didn’t have electricity growing up like we do today, therefore he read by kerosene light. o Carter wore clothing very similar to what we wear today-pants, button-up shirts, ties. o Carter used communication-phone-and used transportation-car, bike, plane-very similar to what we use today. o Carter enjoyed all the rights, freedoms and recreation activities that we have today.

Carrigan, M. (1995). Jimmy Carter: Beyond the presidency. Chicago, IL: Children’s Press http://www.cartercenter.org/news/experts/jimmy_carter.html

Martin Luther King, Jr. - Civil Rights leader  Born January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia  Preacher of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Alabama and he later preached at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia

A. Contributions: o King founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). o King led many non-violent civil rights movements including the Montgomery Bus Boycott. o King gave a famous-“I have a dream”- speech at the largest movement for civil rights- March on Washington.

B. Similarities/Differences of the life of Martin Luther King, Jr and life today: o King grew up consuming most of the same foods we eat today and clothing worn during his life is the same clothes worn still today-cotton pants, button-up shirts and ties. o King communicated through house telephones as we still are able to use today, however, King didn’t live to use modern day mobile phones. o King utilized the same transportation means we use today-cars, public transportation: buses, however, King and all other African Americans weren’t allowed to sit at the front of the bus or any from of public transportation until after the civil rights movement. o King and other African American men didn’t have voting rights we have today until former president Lyndon B. Johnson signed the act on August 6, 1965. o King and other African American men and women did not have the freedom-as we do today-to enjoy public places without restrictions as many white Americans such as: restaurants, buses, parks, and schools. o Recreation activities were very similar as they are today, but restrictions were in place for African Americans until after the civil rights movement.

Mckissack, F., P. (2001). Martin Luther King, Jr: Man of peace. Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers Inc http://www.thekingcenter.org/drmlkingjr

Jackie Robinson-Major League baseball player  Born January 31, 1919 in Cairo, Georgia  Became a Hall of Fame baseball player  Advocate for Civil Rights

A. Contributions: o Robinson helped paved the way for African Americans to play in Major League baseball teams-he broke racial barriers in sports. o Robinson helped lead the Brooklyn Dodger baseball team to 6 National League titles and one World Series.

B. Similarities/Differences of the life of Jackie Robinson and life today: o During Robinson’s life, the food and clothing was similar to the present day. o Robinson communicated with home telephones, but he did not use the modern day mobile phones or emails. o Transportation used during Robinson’s life was automobiles and public transit, but Robinson and other African Americans had restricted use on public transit. Unlike, today African Americans can freely use public transportation. o During some part of Robinson’s life, African Americans were not entitled to all rights and freedoms of the United States. After the civil rights movement, African Americans had the right to vote. o Recreation activities were mostly segregated during the vast majority of Robinson’s life.

Mara, W. (2002). Jackie Robinson. Chicago, IL: Children’s Press

James Oglethorpe-English settler, colonized Georgia  Born December 22, 1696 in Surrey  British general

A. Contributions: o He negotiated with Chief Tomochichi for land in Georgia to colonize. o He first colonized land between Altamaha and Savannah, Georgia. o He welcomed other religious practices in Georgia other than Catholics. o He organized Savannah in wards and established an organized government.

B. Similarities/Differences of the life of James Oglethorpe and life today: o During the life of Oglethorpe, people farmed and hunted most of their food in comparison to supermarkets we mostly use today. They grew vegetables-corn, peas,- wheat, indigo and rice-the most valuable crop in Georgia. The people during Oglethorpe’s life raised cattle and pigs. Today we still have farmers that we use or buy from, but during Oglethorpe’s life that was the only form of food supply. o During the life of Oglethorpe, people of the family made their own clothes. Upper- classmen of Oglethorpe’s life wore fashionable clothing-pants called breeches and jackets called doublets. Women wore dresses-silk or linen. Girls and boys wore dresses, also, until the age nine. Today people very seldom make their own clothes; we normally buy from chain clothing stores. Today males typically don’t wear dresses or skirts. o During the life of Oglethorpe, homes were built from tabby and bricks; most homes only had one room. Today homes are also constructed with brick, but in addition homes are built with various materials and coverings. o Transportation was very different during Oglethorpe’s life. Today we use automobiles, trains, planes, and buses. However, in the 1600-1700’s a person mostly utilized horses and often used ships for transportation. o During the life of Oglethorpe, communication was achieved by messenger, compared to today. Today, we utilized phones, internet, and mail services. Recreation during Oglethorpe’s life consisted of children playing games-hopscotch or cats cradle and with homemade toys-made from wood, corn cobs or corn husk. o The settler during Oglethorpe’s life shared the same rights and freedoms under the English’s parliament; however, slaves didn’t have any rights or freedoms. Unlike today, everyone in Georgia and the U.S. are entitled to the same rights and freedoms.

Britton, T. (2001). The Georgia colony. Edina, MN:ABDO Publishing Company http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/oglethorpe.htm

Mary Musgrove- Infamous interpreter and trader  Born in the 1700s  She was the daughter of a Yamacraw Creek Indian, birth name was Coosaponakeesa A. Contributions: o She helped interpret between the Indians and the colonists in Georgia. o She merged the cultures of the Indians and the settlers. o She was a trader for the Georgia colony.

B. Similarities/Differences of the life of Mary Musgrove and life today: o During the life of Mary Musgrove, people farmed and hunted most of their food in comparison to supermarkets we mostly use today. They grew vegetables-corn, peas,- wheat, indigo and rice-the most valuable crop in Georgia. The people during Musgrove’s life raised cattle and pig. Today we still have farmers that we use or buy from, but during Musgrove’s life that was the only form of food supply. o During the life of Musgrove, people of the family made their own clothes. Upper- classmen of Musgrove’s life, wore fashionable clothing-pants called breeches and jackets called doublets. Women wore dresses-silk or linen. Girls and boys wore dresses, also, until the age nine. Today people very seldom make their own clothes; we normally buy from chain clothing stores. Today males typically don’t wear dresses or skirts. o During the life of Musgrove, homes were built from tabby and bricks; most homes only had one room. Today homes are also constructed with brick, but in addition homes are built with various materials and coverings. o Transportation was very different during Musgrove life. Today we use automobiles, trains, planes, and buses. However, in the 1600-1700’s a person mostly utilized horses and often used ships for transportation. o During the life of Musgrove, communication was achieved by messenger, compared to today. Today, we utilized phones, internet, and mail services. Recreation during Musgrove’s life consisted of children playing games-hopscotch or cats cradle and with homemade toys-made from wood, corn cobs or corn husk. o The settlers during Musgrove’s life shared the same rights and freedoms under the English’s parliament; however, slaves didn’t have any rights or freedoms. Unlike today, everyone in Georgia and the U.S. are entitled to the same rights and freedoms. http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/mary_musgrove http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-688

Tomochichi-Creek Chief  Born in 1644  Principal mediator between the settlers and his native people

A. Contributions: o He helped the English settlers colonize Georgia, because he offered the land of Savannah. o He established peace between the native Indians and settlers, which in turn facilitated the success of Georgia.

B. Similarities/Differences of the life of Tomochichi and life today: o During the life of Tomochichi, people farmed and hunted most of their food in comparison to supermarkets we mostly use today. They grew vegetables-corn, beans squash- tobacco, and rice-the most valuable crop in Georgia. Today we still have farmers that we use or buy from, but during Tomochichi’s life, that was the only form of food supply. o During the life of Tomochichi, people of the family made their own clothes. Today people very seldom make their own clothes; we normally buy from chain clothing stores. o During the life of Tomochichi, homes were built in the Georgia Mountains; today some homes are built in the mountains. However, most homes are built in city or rural areas. o Transportation was very different during Tomochichi’s life. Today we use automobiles, trains, planes, and buses. However, in the 1600-1700’s a person mostly utilized horses and often used ships for transportation. o During the life of Tomochichi, communication was achieved by messenger, compared to today. Today, we utilized phones, internet, and mail services. Recreation during Tomochichi’s life consisted of children playing games and with homemade toys-made from wood, corn cobs or corn husk. o The settlers and other Creek Indians during Tomochichi’s life shared the same rights and freedoms of the native land; however, settlers would often force them from their land. Unlike today, everyone in Georgia and the U.S. are entitled to the same rights and freedoms.

Britton, T. (2001). The Georgia colony. Edina, MN: ABDO Publishing Company http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-689

Sequoyah-Cherokee Indian credited with developing a native language  Born between 1760 and 1776 in a village near Tuskegee, Tennessee.  He was a Blacksmith A. Contributions: o He developed the Cherokee alphabet-known as Syllabary o He later fought in the War of 1812 with the United States.

B. Similarities/Differences of the life of Sequoyah and life today: o During the life of Sequoyah, people farmed and hunted most of their food in comparison to supermarkets we mostly use today. Today we still have farmers that we use or buy from, but during Sequoyah’s life that was the only form of food supply. o During the life of Sequoyah, people of the family made their own clothes. Today people very seldom make their own clothes; we normally buy from chain clothing stores. o During the life of Sequoyah, homes were built by the family, mostly one bedroom log cabin. However, homes today are built with many rooms and with various materials- brick, stone, wood. o Transportation was very different during Sequoyah’s life. Today we use automobiles, trains, planes, and buses. However, in the 1600-1700’s a person mostly utilized horses or often traveled by foot. o During the life of Sequoyah, communication was achieved by messenger, compared to today. Today, we utilized phones, internet, and mail services. Recreation during Sequoyah’s life consisted of children playing homemade games. o During Sequoyah’s life, rights and freedoms of their native culture was the same for their tribe; and the Indian tribes often had treaties with the colonists; however, settlers would often force them from their land. Unlike today, everyone in Georgia and the U.S. are entitled to the same rights and freedoms.

http://www.manataka.org/page81.html http://library.thinkquest.org/J002188F/sequoyah/life.htm