Enlightenment/Revolution Exam Questions

Unit 6 Study Guide Ch. 22 1. Who developed the theory that the solar system rotated around the sun? 2. What scientist developed the theory of motion and law of universal gravitation? 3. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? 4. What was the 1st and 2nd national government of the 13 individual states in North America? 5. Why did the British government decided to raise taxes on the American colonists? 6. What philosopher believed that all people are born free and equal, with the rights to life, liberty, and property? 7. What was Montesquieu’s influence on the U.S. Constitution? 8. Who was the enlightened Russian ruler expanded the Russian border, but failed to reform due to peasant revolts? 9. What was is the name of the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution? 10. Who was the brilliant French satirist who frequently targeted the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government was 11. What was a new way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation & a willingness to question accepted beliefs? 12. What was the intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought to solve problems? 13. What was the belief that the universe revolved around the earth? 14. What were some major scientific developments during the Scientific Revolution? Name at least 2 scientists and their discoveries. 15. Name at least 2 Enlightenment philosophers, their beliefs and their influence on American independence/government. Ch. 23 16. What were the social classes of France called? 17. What percentage of France’s population belonged to the Third Estate? 18. Which document stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”? 19. What was the meeting of European nations after Napoleon was defeated? 20. What was the name of the small group of fighters that would ambush Napoleon’s forces and then retreat? 21. What was the slogan of the French Revolution? 22. What happened on July 14, Bastille Day? 23. Who was King Louis XVI’s wife and famous French Revolution character? 24. Why did the National Assembly lose the support of many French peasants? 25. Which group imposed the Reign of Terror? 26. Which group finally forced Robespierre from power? 27. What device was created as a means of execution during the French Revolution? 28. What was Napoleon able to accomplish during peacetime? Multiple answers. 29. What was an important consequence of the Battle of Trafalgar?23 30. What was the purpose of the blockade set up by Napoleon? 31. How did Great Britain react to the Continental System? 32. What was the Russian practice of burning fields and slaughtering livestock to prevent invading French troops from having access to them? 33. What were The Hundred Days? 34. Who was Klemens von Metternich? 35. What were the important goals of the Congress of Vienna? 36. What were some causes of the French Revolution? Name at least 2. 37. What were two main reasons of Napoleon downfall in power? Ch. 24 38. Who were the conservative Prussian nobles that supported Kaiser Wilhelm? 39. What is the belief that a person’s loyalty should be strongest towards their country? 40. Why were the creoles and penisnulars important to Latin Independence? 41. Who was the leader of the revolution on Haiti against the French government 42. Who led the revolutions of Venezuela, Argentina, and Peru? 43. Who led the revolution in Mexico? 44. Who was the Prussian prime minister that expanded its border and eventually unified all of Germany? 45. How did nationalism help unify Germany and Italy? Choose one and explain.