AAMA/WDMA/CSA NAFS 2019 North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for Windows

NAFS 19 –DRAFT #1, May 5, 2017 AAMA/WDMA/CSA NAFS 2019 — North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 PREFACE This is the fifth edition of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, NAFS — North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights. It supersedes the previous edition published in 2017 under the same title. It is jointly published and maintained by the American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA), the Window & Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA), and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) This Standard/Specification was developed as an advisory document and is published as a public service. AAMA, WDMA, CSA, the individual members of the CSA Technical Committee on Performance Standard for Windows, and the U.S.A./Canada Joint Document Management Group (JDMG) disclaim all liability for the use, application, or adaptation of the material published in this Standard/Specification. Intended users of this Standard/Specification include building officials, manufacturers, architects, engineers, consumers, builders, contractors, trade associations, test laboratories, specifiers, product evaluation and certification agencies, and government agencies. Two fundamental applications for this Standard/Specification are product comparison and code compliance. AAMA, WDMA and CSA intend for this Standard/Specification to be referenced in U.S. International Code Council (ICC) and in the National Building Code (NBC) of Canada. This Standard/Specification presents provisions addressing fenestration product requirements, under the control of the unit manufacturer, contained in those codes. CSA A440S1, Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, NAFS — North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights, provides additional requirements to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 for compliance in Canada. The Canadian Supplement is considered suitable for use for conformity assessment within the stated scope of the Standard. The Canadian Supplement was prepared by the CSA Technical Committee on the Performance Standard for Windows, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Building Products and Systems, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. This Standard/Specification was jointly prepared by the CSA Technical Committee on Performance Standard for Windows, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Building Products and Systems, and by the U.S.A./Canada Joint Document Management Group (JDMG). This body includes representatives from AAMA, WDMA, CSA and other interested parties. This Standard/Specification has been formally approved by the members of the American Architectural Manufacturers Association, the members of the Window & Door Manufacturers Association and by the CSA Technical Committee. A list of the members of the CSA Technical Committee is available upon request.

Notes: (1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows. (2) Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose. (3) This publication was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code of good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity”. It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this publication. (4) AAMA, WDMA, and CSA Standards are subject to periodic review, and suggestions for their improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. (5) All enquiries regarding this Standard, including requests for interpretation, should be addressed to the American Architectural Manufacturers Association, 1900 E Golf Road, Suite 1250, Schaumburg, Illinois 60173-4268 USA, to the Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6, or to the Window & Door Manufacturers Association, 2025 M Street NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are published in CSA’s periodical Info Update, which is available on the CSA Web site at standardsactivities.csa.ca, and by the American Architectural Manufacturers Association and the Window & Door Manufacturers Association.

2 Requests for interpretation should: (a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch; (b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and (c) be phrased where possible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer.

0 INTRODUCTION Commentary: Clause 0 is not a mandatory part of NAFS.

0.1 GENERAL

0.1.1 APPLICABILITY This Standard/Specification is applicable for use in testing and rating windows, doors, secondary storm products (SSPs), tubular daylighting devices (TDDs), roof windows, and unit skylights, and represents the continuing development of an internationally accepted performance Standard/Specification for all product types in this document. The testing provisions of this Standard/Specification apply to laboratory testing only. Commentary: NAFS may also be used as a principal document for third-party certification of windows, doors, secondary storm products (SSPs), tubular daylighting devices (TDDs), roof windows, and unit skylights. Field testing in the U.S. can be performed by following AAMA 502 and should be used for applications covered by that document. NAFS is structured to promote clarity and ease of use. This format is indicative of the NAFS authors’ continued commitment to improvement in the testing and rating of windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights.

0.1.2 SUSTAINABILITY This Standard/Specification does not endorse any specific sustainability program. Commentary: While NAFS does not endorse any specific program, the attributes and performance requirements of NAFS are key to sustainable design of buildings and their sub-systems. As building codes and rating systems evolve, the durability, air and water leakage resistance, and material provisions in NAFS will provide a solid, proven basis of fenestration product evaluation.

0.1.3 CONTENT This Standard/Specification establishes levels of performance for windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights. It consists of 9 Clauses. Clause 1 outlines the Scope of this Standard/Specification. Clause 2 provides a listing of all other Standards referenced in this Standard/Specification. Clause 3 contains a list of definitions used in this Standard/Specification. Clause 4 provides an explanation of the rating system used in this Standard/Specification and guidelines on this Standard/Specification’s use. Important concepts such as Performance Grade (PG), Performance Class, Allowable Stress Design (ASD) design pressure (DP), maximum test size, optional Performance Grade (PG), dual windows and doors, and specialty products are outlined in this Clause. Clauses 5 to 7 provide requirements and test protocols specific to certain overall product families (windows, mullions, side-hinged and folding doors, unit skylights, etc.) and Performance Classes. These are called “Product Sections” since, for convenience of use and updating, they are based on product characteristics. Products should meet both the general requirements of this Standard/Specification and these specific requirements. Clause 8 contains the specific levels of performance and test methods for each window, door, SSP, TDD, roof window, and unit skylight type covered by this Standard/Specification. These levels of performance provide a gateway performance requirement or passport into one of the four Performance Classes. There are five primary performance requirements: (a) structural strength, (b) water penetration resistance; (c) air leakage; (d) operating force (when specified); and (e) forced-entry resistance (when specified). Clause 9 explains the compliance methodology used for materials and components.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Tables 8.10 and 8.11 contain a summary of all performance requirements included in this Standard/Specification. These requirements are presented in tabular format for ease of use by the specifier and include references to the applicable Clauses of this Standard/Specification, organized by product type.

0.2 PERFORMANCE CLASSES AND GRADES

0.2.1 GENERAL This Standard/Specification defines requirements for four Performance Classes. The Performance Classes are designated R, LC, CW, and AW for windows, doors, and secondary storm products (SSPs). This classification system provides for several levels of performance. Skylights, roof windows, and TDDs are not identified with a Performance Class, but are expected to meet levels of performance which are similar to CW products. It is important to note that although general suggestions for use are specified in Items (a) to (d) below, product selection is always based on the performance requirements of the particular project and not solely on these suggestions. The Performance Class ratings should be regarded as an indication of the level of performance, with the least stringent requirements established for the R Performance Class and the most stringent for the AW Performance Class. The following descriptions can be used as a general guide in helping to determine which class is likely best suited for a particular application: (a) R: commonly used in one- and two-family dwellings. (b) LC: commonly used in low-rise and mid-rise multi-family dwellings and other buildings where larger sizes and higher loading requirements are expected. (c) CW: commonly used in low-rise and mid-rise buildings where larger sizes, higher loading requirements, limits on deflection, and heavy use are expected. (d) AW: commonly used in high-rise and mid-rise buildings to meet increased loading requirements and limits on deflection, and in buildings where frequent and extreme use of the fenestration products is expected. Minimum Performance Grades (PG), ASD design pressures (DP), structural test pressures (STP), and water penetration resistance test pressures for all Performance Classes are summarized in Table 8.10.

0.2.2 GUIDANCE FOR THE SPECIFIER/PURCHASER The purchaser or specifier selects the appropriate level of performance, depending on climatic conditions, height of installation, type of building, type of window, door, secondary storm product, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight, durability, etc. Commentary: In some cases, the appropriate level of performance classification does not correspond with the general use of the building or the use group occupancy assigned to the building in accordance with the local building code. For example, certain residential building applications require CW and/or AW Performance Class fenestration products; whereas some commercial building applications have been known to successfully use R and/or LC Performance Class fenestration products.

0.2.3 PERFORMANCE GRADE (PG) DESIGNATIONS To qualify for a given Performance Grade (PG), one or more representative specimens of the product need to pass all required performance tests for the following, in addition to all required auxiliary tests for the applicable product type and desired Performance Class: (a) operating force (when specified); (b) air leakage resistance; (c) water penetration resistance; (d) uniform load deflection test; (e) uniform load structural test; and (f) forced-entry resistance (when specified). Performance Grades (PG) are designated by a number following the type and class designation. Commentary: For example, a Class R window designated Class R-PG15 indicates a Performance Grade (PG) of 15. This incorporates the ASD design pressure (DP) of 720 Pa or approximately 15 psf.

0.2.4 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASD DESIGN PRESSURE (DP)

0.2.4.1 Uniform structural load test pressure

4 The uniform load structural test pressure (STP) is (a) 150% of the ASD design pressure (DP) for windows and doors, and for uplift on unit skylights, roof windows, and TDDs; and (b) 200% of the ASD design pressure (DP) for download on unit skylights, roof windows, and TDDs. For Canada, ASD design pressure (DP) for vertical fenestration is to be interpreted as referring to specified wind load. Commentary: Current model building codes require windows, doors, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights to be designed and installed to sustain prescribed loads on components and cladding. These loads are affected by a number of factors, including (a) geographic wind speed; (b) building exposure; (c) building height; (d) location of the window, door, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight on the building; and (e) static snow load. Geographic wind speed will affect the overall value of the wind pressure that the window, door, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight will be anticipated to sustain. Positive and negative wind pressures will be increased or decreased with geographic wind speed. Risk Category will also affect the applicable geographic wind speed, when the project is subject to the provisions of ASCE/SEI 7. Building exposure will also affect the overall value of the wind pressure, and in addition can affect local conditions across the building’s surface by an increased or decreased presence of wind turbulence. Turbulence is caused when the wind is forced to change direction by an object in its path. The building exposure can affect the amount of turbulence based on the number of buildings, objects, or topography immediately surrounding the building. Wind speed increases greatly as height above mean ground level increases, increasing the anticipated wind pressure that the building will be expected to sustain. Exposure also influences the factored static snow load that the building surfaces need to resist. The location of the window, door, SSP, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight on the building has the potential of significantly affecting the anticipated wind pressure on a single window, door, SSP, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight. Wind flow patterns are affected by building shape. Wind encountering a building is redirected to flow around and over the building. Wind traveling around the corners of the building separates from the building surface, causing turbulence and local negative structural pressures. Location can also influence the factored drifting or static snow loads that the building surfaces need to resist. Wind loads on components and cladding are not the same as main wind force-resisting-system (building structure) wind loads, in that components and cladding experience localized higher pressure (peak load) in a relatively small area. Wind gusts can cause short-duration peak pressures on a small area of the building’s surface. The wind pressure calculation for components and cladding loads accounts for these short-duration peak loads. The highest localized loads are believed to occur near the corners of the building, roof edges, and roof peaks. Windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, or unit skylights are often located in these zones on the building. Positive wind pressure most commonly occurs on a component or cladding product when it is located on the windward side of a building. Negative wind pressure most commonly occurs on a component or cladding product when it is located on the leeward side of a building, and/or within a specified distance from a building corner, roof edge, or roof peak on a side or leeward building surface. ASCE/SEI 7 states that “Each component and cladding element should be designed for the maximum positive and negative pressures (including applicable internal pressures) acting on it. The pressure coefficient values should be determined for each component and cladding element on the basis of its location on the building and the effective area for the element.” It should be noted that ASCE/SEI 7 will not necessarily apply in all jurisdictions. Loads on structures and their components are determined in accordance with the requirements of the applicable building code. In Canada the calculations to determine the appropriate load requirements for fenestration are based on the hourly wind pressure (HWP) tabulated in the National Building Code of Canada. The CSA A440S1 defines the calculations to be used to determine the appropriate load requirements for fenestration based on the HWP data. ASCE/SEI 7 calculations now provide design wind pressure values based on “strength design” or “load and resistance factor design” in place of previously used allowable stress design.

0.2.4.2 Deflection limit A maximum deflection limit of L/175 (where L is the length of the unsupported span) under the uniform load deflection test has also been established for all AW and CW class products and for all glass-glazed SKG and RWG product types. Commentary: Generally, improved water penetration resistance and air leakage requirements have been specified for AW products compared to those specified for CW products.

0.2.5 WATER PENETRATION RESISTANCE TESTING AND PERFORMANCE

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 0.2.5.1 General Clauses 6 and 8 specify that, the minimum water penetration resistance test pressure to achieve a given Performance Grade (PG) is as follows: (a) For Performance Classes R, LC, and CW: 15% of the positive ASD design pressure (DP) associated with the Performance Grade (PG). (b) For Performance Class AW: 20% of the positive ASD design pressure (DP) associated with the Performance Grade (PG). For all product types, the water penetration resistance test pressure is never less than 140 Pa (~2.92 psf). The water penetration resistance test pressure for all products is capped at 720 Pa (~15.04 psf). However, for certain door systems, clause 6.2.4 permits water penetration resistance test pressures to be less than those described above. Note: See Tables 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 and Clause 6.2.4 for additional details.

0.3 SHORT-FORM SPECIFICATION Commentary: To simplify the writing of performance specifications for windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights, the authors have prepared a “short-form specification” (See Commentary Figure C0.3) which is recommended for use whenever possible. It may be used for most common types and classes of windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights by merely inserting the applicable NAFS designation(s). All (windows) (doors) (secondary storm products) (tubular daylighting devices) (roof windows) (unit skylights) shall conform to the ______(See Note below) requirements of the voluntary specification(s) in AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-19, be labeled with the AAMA, or WDMA label, or labeled as permitted by the Canadian National Code, have the sash arrangement(s), leaf arrangement(s), or sliding door panel arrangement(s) and be of the size(s) shown on the drawings, and be as manufactured by ______or approved equal. Note: The specification writer shall insert the product type Performance Class and Performance Grade (PG) for the window, door, SSP, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight desired by specification designation such as R-PG15-HS for horizontal sliding windows or AW-PG40-AP for projected windows.

Commentary Figure C0.3.1 Short-form specification US (See Clause 0.3)

Commentary Figure C0.3.2 Short-form specification Canada (See Clause 0.3)

1 SCOPE

1.1 GENERAL This fenestration Standard/Specification applies to both operating and fixed, new construction and replacement windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights installed into exterior building envelopes. This fenestration Standard/Specification establishes material-neutral, minimum, and optional performance requirements for windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights. This Standard/Specification concerns itself with the determination of Performance Grade (PG), Allowable Stress Design (ASD) design pressure (DP), and related performance ratings for windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights. Performance requirements are used in this Standard/Specification when possible. Prescriptive requirements are used when necessary. When products are tested to the gateway performance requirement, or to the gateway and optional performance requirements, a rating is determined and a test report may be issued. Certification procedures are not part of this Standard/Specification. This Standard/Specification applies to testing and rating products. The tested rating applies to products of identical construction, with width and/or height less than or equal to the tested size.

6 Various systems have been developed or are proposed for determining a product energy rating based on such factors as U-factor, solar heat gain coefficient, condensation resistance, and visible transmittance (visible light transmission). These rating systems are beyond the scope of this Standard/Specification. Fenestration products excluded from the scope of this Standard/Specification include (a) interior windows, interior accessory windows (IAWs), and interior doors; (b) vehicular-access doors (garage doors) (see ANSI/DASMA 105, ANSI/DASMA 108, ANSI/DASMA 109, ANSI/DASMA 115, or other applicable DASMA Specifications); (c) roof-mounted smoke and heat-relief vents (see FM 4430); (d) sloped glazing (other than unit skylights or roof windows) (see AAMA TIR A7); (e) curtain walls and storefronts (see AAMA MCWM-1); (f) commercial entrance systems (see AAMA SFM-1); (g) sunrooms (see AAMA/NPEA/NSA 2100); (h) revolving doors; and (i) commercial steel doors rated per ANSI/SDI A250.8. Commentary: The reference Standards and technical publications specified in Clause 1.1 for products not within the scope of NAFS are for the convenience of the reader and are not intended to be considered complete or all-inclusive. These products are excluded for a variety of reasons, such as: no demonstrated need, lack of standardization or representation, redundancy with other standards, etc.

1.2 TERMINOLOGY In this Standard/Specification, “shall” is used to express a requirement, (i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard/Specification); “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; “shall be permitted to be” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard/Specification; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements. The purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure are considered requirements. Legends to equations and figures are considered requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application. Commentary, in collapsible text commentary accompanying clauses, may repeat but does not include requirements or alternate requirements. The purpose of the commentary is to add background information, explanatory language, examples, or further clarification to topics addressed by the referenced clause. The Preface, Clause 0, commentary and any Notes not attached to figures and tables are non- mandatory.

1.3 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. The values given in parentheses are in IP (inch-pound) units and are often inexact rounded values. Users of this Standard/Specification shall test only to the SI values or to exact conversions of the SI values. The IP equivalents identified are for approximate reference only and do not in any way imply accuracy of the measurement or the equipment. Precision and bias statements are provided in the applicable test methods referenced in this Standard/Specification. Commentary: See CAN/CSA-Z234.1 or IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion factors and rounding procedures that should be used in connection with testing. It is the policy of AAMA, WDMA and CSA that all Standards developed by the associations use SI primary units, with IP units furnished for reference as necessary. This is consistent with Canadian and U.S. regulations for standardization of measurements. “In 1998 the Metric Conversion Act was amended to designate ‘the metric system of measurement as the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce’. With the increasing importance of the global marketplace, it has become imperative for U.S. industry to extend its use of SI and for U.S. citizens to gain a working knowledge of this modern metric system” (IEEE/ASTM SI 10). SI has been the official measurement system for Canada for a long time. It therefore makes sense that the primary units of measurement in NAFS are SI. The proper use of SI values and the conversion of SI values to IP values are outlined in CAN/CSA-Z234.1 and IEEE/ASTM SI 10. These guidelines address both the base conversion of units but also the precision of the conversion. This process is not complicated for values that do not have limits such as maximums, minimums, and tolerances. However, in NAFS some requirements do require such limits. The values shown in NAFS have been converted according to the rules of the two referenced Standards. The conversions have sometimes been modified to meet the needs of expressing maximums, minimums, and 7

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 tolerances. Consequently, NAFS users are advised that if they use the IP units provided for reference purposes, the onus is on them to determine the accuracy and appropriateness of the IP values for compliance with NAFS. The single exception to using SI values in NAFS is in the Performance Grade (PG) portion of the product designation. Here the nominal Performance Grades (PG) have been maintained as they were originally developed when the primary units of the predecessors to NAFS were in the IP system. This has been done as a convenience reflecting the acceptance of these nominal rating values in the architectural marketplace. The requirements for developing and specifying Performance Grades (PG) are provided as required in the body of NAFS. In all other instances the units of measurement and compliance are SI.

1.4 CLAUSE CATEGORIES

For the convenience of the user, the clauses of NAFS have been identified with categories that generally describe the content of the clause, allowing users to quickly select those clauses that relate to a particular category. Following are descriptions of each category. Clauses that are not specifically identified relate to all categories.

AWS (Air, Water and Structural)

AWS Clauses outline the primary performance requirements for safety, weather-ability and structural integrity applicable to assembled and glazed products. In general, these are also the requirements mandated by Model Building Codes, adopted by authorities having jurisdiction, and enforced for specific projects. AWS Clauses in NAFS provide fenestration product manufacturers with protocols for verifying compliance through standard whole-product testing. At the same time, AWS Clauses provide certification bodies with a basis for developing detailed rules and procedures governing product variations, changes, and quality control of assembled and glazed products.

DL (Durability and Longevity)

DL Clauses outline requirements for durability, longevity, and resistance to environmental exposure deemed critical by the industry consensus organizations authoring NAFS. These requirements are in general, only mandated by codes through reference to NAFS compliance. Like AWS Clauses, DL Clauses in NAFS provide fenestration product manufacturers with protocols for verifying compliance through standard whole-product testing, and provide certification bodies with a basis for developing detailed rules and procedures governing product variations, changes, and quality control of assembled and glazed products.

CPM (Component Parts and Materials)

CPM Clauses outline performance and prescriptive requirements for component parts and materials, including but not limited to, hardware, weather-seals, fasteners, reinforcing and material criteria. CPM Clauses in NAFS provide component and material suppliers with protocols for verifying suitability for use through standard component and material testing. At the same time, CPM Clauses provide fenestration manufacturers with a basis for component and material selection and qualification. CPM Clauses cite industry standard test methods, which in turn may cite other test methods, but it is not the intention of these Clauses to supersede or take precedence over manufacturers’ or suppliers’ quality processes or the testing protocols they contain.

COM (Commentary Information) COM Clauses contain other information germane to the various provisions of NAFS, including but not limited to, design guidance, product selection criteria, examples, and reference documents.

HS (Health and Safety) HS Clauses outline provisions for transparency in material ingredients reporting, environmental impact, handling, or disposal that may be applicable to fenestration products or component parts as related to sustainable building design, construction, operation and maintenance.

2 REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS

8 This Standard/Specification refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the edition listed below. Commentary: Clause 2 is a listing of all publications referenced in NAFS. Users of NAFS should be aware that newer versions of referenced documents may have been published since NAFS-19 was formally approved. Determination of equivalence between different versions is the responsibility of the user.

AAI (The Aluminum Association, Inc.) Aluminum Standards and Data — 2013

AAMA (American Architectural Manufacturers Association) AAMA 303-12, Voluntary Specification for Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Exterior Profiles AAMA 305-15, Voluntary Specification for Fiber Reinforced Thermoset Profiles AAMA 308-15, Voluntary Specification for Cellular Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Exterior Profiles AAMA 310-12, Voluntary Specification for Reinforced Thermoplastic Fenestration Exterior Profile Extrusions AAMA 311-13, Voluntary Specification for Rigid Thermoplastic Cellulosic Composite Fenestration Exterior Profiles AAMA 450-10, Voluntary Performance Rating Method for Mulled Fenestration Assemblies AAMA 502-12, Voluntary Specification for Field Testing of Newly Installed Fenestration Products AAMA 505-09, Dry Shrinkage and Composite Performance Thermal Cycling Test Procedure AAMA 513-14, Standard Laboratory Test Method for Determination of Forces and Motions Required to Activate Operable Parts of Operable Windows and Doors in Accessible Spaces AAMA 611-14, Voluntary Specification for Anodized Architectural Aluminum AAMA 612-15, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements, and Test Procedures for Combined Coatings of Anodic Oxide and Transparent Organic Coatings on Architectural Aluminum AAMA 613-13, Voluntary Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Organic Coatings on Plastic Profiles AAMA 614-05, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for High Performance Organic Coatings on Plastic Profiles AAMA 615-13, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Superior Performance Organic Coatings on Plastic Profiles AAMA 621-02, Voluntary Specifications for High Performance Organic Coatings on Coil Coated Architectural Hot Dipped Galvanized (HDG) and Zinc-Aluminum Coated Steel Substrates AAMA 623-10, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Organic Coatings on Fiber Reinforced Thermoset Profiles AAMA 624-10, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for High Performance Organic Coatings on Fiber Reinforced Thermoset Profiles AAMA 625-10, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Superior Performance Organic Coatings on Fiber Reinforced Thermoset Profiles AAMA 633-11, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Exterior Stain Finishes on Wood, Cellulosic Composites and Fiber Reinforced Thermoset Window and Door Components AAMA 907-15, Voluntary Specification for Corrosion Resistant Coatings on Carbon Steel Components Used in Windows, Doors and Skylights AAMA 910-10, Voluntary “Life Cycle” Specifications and Test Methods for AW Class Architectural Windows and Doors AAMA 920-11, Specification for Operating Cycle Performance of Side-Hinged Exterior Door Systems AAMA 1002-11, Voluntary Specification for Secondary Storm Products for Windows and Sliding Glass Doors AAMA 1002.10-93, Voluntary Specification for Insulating Storm Products for Windows and Sliding Glass Doors Commentary: Only the Test Buck Details A and B in AAMA 1002.10-93 are referenced. The reference appears in clause 4.8.6.2. AAMA 1102-11, Voluntary Specification for Side-Hinged Secondary Storm Doors AAMA 1304-02, Voluntary Specification for Forced Entry Resistance of Side-Hinged Door Systems 9

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 AAMA 2501-06, Voluntary Guideline for Engineering Analysis of Fenestration Anchorage Systems AAMA 2502-07, Comparative Analysis Procedure for Window and Door Products AAMA 2603-15, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Pigmented Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels (with Coil Coating Appendix) AAMA 2604-13, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for High Performance Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels (with Coil Coating Appendix) AAMA 2605-13, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Superior Performing Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels (with Coil Coating Appendix) AAMA AG-13, AAMA Glossary AAMA MCWM-1-89, Metal Curtain Wall Manual AAMA QAG-1-09, Quality Assurance Processing & Monitoring Guide for Poured and Debridged Polyurethane Thermal Barriers AAMA SFM-1-14, Aluminum Storefront and Entrance Manual AAMA TIR A7-11, Sloped Glazing Guidelines AAMA TIR A8-16, Structural Performance of Composite Thermal Barrier Framing Systems AAMA TIR A13-13, Recommended Static Water Penetration Resistance Test Pressures in Non- Hurricane-Prone Regions of the United States

AAMA/NPEA/NSA (American Architectural Manufacturers Association/National Patio Enclosure Association/National Sunroom Association) AAMA/NPEA/NSA 2100-02, Voluntary Specifications for Sunrooms

ANSI/SDI (American National Standards Institute/Steel Door Institute) ANSI/SDI A250.8-2014, Recommended Specifications for Standard Steel Doors and Frames ANSI/SDI A250.10-2011, Steel Surfaces for Steel Doors and Frames, Test Procedure and Acceptance Criteria for Prime Painted

ANSI/DASMA (American National Standards Institute/Door & Access Systems Manufacturers’ Association, International) ANSI/DASMA 105-2012, Test Method for Thermal Transmittance and Air Infiltration of Garage Doors ANSI/DASMA 108-2012, Standard Method for Testing Sectional Garage Doors and Rolling Doors: Determination of Structural Performance Under Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference ANSI/DASMA 109-2007, Standard Method for Testing Sectional Garage Doors: Determination of Life Cycling Performance ANSI/DASMA 115-2012, Standard Method for Testing Garage Doors: Determination of Structural Performance Under Missile Impact and Cyclic Wind Pressure

ASCE/SEI (American Society of Civil Engineers/Structural Engineering Institute) ASCE/SEI 7-16, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures

ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials) ASTM A480/A480M-16a, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip ASTM A568/A568M-15, Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for ASTM A653/A653M-15e1, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process ASTM A792/A792M-10(2015), Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, 55 % Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process ASTM A794/A794M-12, Standard Specification for Commercial Steel (CS), Sheet, Carbon (0.16 % Maximum to 0.25 % Maximum), Cold-Rolled ASTM A879/A879M-12, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc Coated by the Electrolytic Process for Applications Requiring Designation of the Coating Mass on Each Surface

10 ASTM A924/A924M-16ae1, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Sheet, Metallic- Coated by the Hot-Dip Process ASTM B633-15, Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel ASTM D256-10e1, Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics ASTM D618-13, Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing ASTM D635-14, Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position ASTM D638-14, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics ASTM D790-15e2, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials ASTM D1308-02(2013), Standard Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes ASTM D1929-16, Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics ASTM D2843-16, Standard Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Plastics ASTM D4101-14e1, Standard Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials ASTM D4549-15, Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polystyrene and Rubber- Modified Polystyrene Molding and Extrusion Materials (PS) ASTM D4673-16, Standard Classification System for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastics and Alloys Molding and Extrusion Materials ASTM D4726-15, Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Exterior-Profile Extrusions Used for Assembled Windows and Doors ASTM D5572-95(2012), Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Finger Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products ASTM D5751-99(2012), Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Laminate Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products ASTM D6098-16, Standard Specification for Extruded and Compression Molded Shapes Made from Polycarbonate (PC) ASTM D6865-11, Standard Classification System and Basis for Specifications for Acrylonitrile-Styrene- Acrylate (ASA) and Acrylonitrile-EPDM-Styrene (AES) Plastics and Alloys Molding and Extrusion Materials ASTM E29-13, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications ASTM E84-16, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials ASTM E283-04(2012), Standard Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen ASTM E330/330M-14, Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference ASTM E331-00(2016), Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference ASTM E547-00(2016), Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference ASTM E987-88(2009), Standard Test Methods for Deglazing Force of Fenestration Products ASTM E1300-16, Standard Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings ASTM E1613-12, Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) Techniques ASTM E1753-13, Standard Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films ASTM E2068-00(2008), Standard Test Method for Determination of Operating Force of Sliding Windows and Doors

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 ASTM F588-14, Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Window Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact ASTM F842-14, Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Sliding Door Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact

CGSB (Canadian General Standards Board) CAN/CGSB 12.20-M89, Structural Design of Glass for Buildings

CSA (Canadian Standards Association) A440S1-09, Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, NAFS — North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights CAN/CSA-Z234.1-00 (R2011), Metric practice guide

FM (FM Global, Factory Mutual) FM 4430 2012, Approval Standards for Heat and Smoke Vents

IEEE/ASTM International (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers/American Society for Testing and Materials) IEEE/ASTM SI 10-10, IEEE/ASTM American National Standard for Metric Practice

ISO/IEC (International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission) ISO/IEC 17025:2005, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, Fourth Edition: DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-113, with Third Supplement: DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2003-154

WDMA (Window & Door Manufacturers Association) WDMA I.S.4-15a, Industry Specification for Preservative Treatment for Millwork WDMA I.S.10-13, Industry Standard for Testing Cellulosic Composite Materials for Use in Fenestration Products WMDA I.S.11-13, Voluntary Analytical Method for Design Pressure Rating of Fenestration Products WDMA T.M.11-14, Test Method for Factory Applied Pigmented Primer Coatings for Wood and Wood Cellulosic Composites Used for Millwork WDMA T.M.12-14, Test Method for Factory Applied Pigmented Finish Coatings for Wood and Wood Cellulosic Composites Used for Millwork WDMA T.M.14-13, Test Method for Factory Applied Clear and Pigmented Coatings for Interior Prefinished Wood and Wood Cellulosic Composites Used for Millwork

3 DEFINITIONS The meaning of terms used in this standard shall be as defined in the AAMA Glossary AG-13. Any terms not explicitly defined shall have ordinarily accepted meanings as the context implies.

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 GENERAL Commentary: Clause 4.1 explains the general requirements applicable to all products rated for compliance to NAFS.

4.1.1 INTERPRETATIONS

12 Because of the specialized and highly detailed nature of the requirements in this Standard/Specification, the Joint Document Management Group (JDMG), as the coordinator for the three associations, shall have the sole authority to issue formal technical interpretations of this Standard/Specification. Commentary: Clause 4.1.1 explains that partial compliance to NAFS cannot be claimed, and also states that only the sponsors, through their coordinating committee, can issue formal technical interpretations to NAFS.

4.1.2 COMPLIANCE This voluntary Standard/Specification covers requirements for primary and dual windows, primary and dual side-hinged door systems, sliding doors, secondary storm products (SSPs), tubular daylighting devices (TDDs), roof windows, and unit skylights for new construction and replacement applications. All products rated in accordance with this Standard/Specification shall conform to all the applicable requirements of this Standard/Specification. No entity shall claim partial compliance with the requirements of this Standard/Specification. All products covered by this Standard/Specification shall be installed in full accordance with the manufacturer’s documented instructions. Commentary: Process control requirements, component interchangeability, and requirements for retesting to NAFS are addressed by independent certification programs.

4.1.3 ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR CANADA The CSA A440S1 Canadian Supplement provides additional requirements to this Standard/Specification specific to Canada.

4.2 GATEWAY PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Each product type has a defined “gateway” set of primary requirements for the applicable product type (see Table 8.10). Gateway performance requirements are the minimum allowable performance levels that a test specimen shall achieve. Once achieved, a product will be rated with the applicable Performance Class (R, LC, CW, or AW), except for roof windows, unit skylights, and TDDs. For R and LC products, the gateway test specimen size shall be the largest size in both height and width for which qualification is desired. For CW and AW products, the gateway test specimen size shall be equal to or larger than the specified minimum test size, in both height and width, as specified in Table 8.3. Thus, the size of the test specimen qualifies the tested size, and all sizes smaller in either height and/or width. Conversely, any products with either a height or width greater than the tested specimen shall not be qualified by the tested specimen, except as described in Clause 8.2.4. Typically, the minimum allowable performance levels change as the Performance Class changes. All test specimens shall achieve certain minimum Performance Grades (PG) with corresponding performance levels for air leakage resistance, water penetration resistance, uniform load resistance, and, where required, forced- entry resistance and operating force. Also, all test specimens shall achieve certain additional minimum performance levels for auxiliary (durability) and material tests specific to the product operator type. See Clause 8 for additional details. For additional details related to roof windows, unit skylights, and TDDs, see Clause 7. Commentary: Minimum allowable performance levels required to conform are given in Clause 4.2, as well as the minimum product test sizes. Meeting both conditions will allow further testing of other sizes and/or testing to higher performance levels.

4.3. PERFORMANCE CLASS Window and door products included in this Standard/Specification shall be classified according to one or more of the four Performance Classes (R, LC, CW, and AW) described in Clause 0.2.1 and Tables 8.1 and 8.2. A single product may qualify for multiple Performance Classes provided that all requirements are met for each Performance Class.

4.4 PERFORMANCE GRADES (PG) Commentary: Clause 4.4 explains the concept of Performance Grades. See Section 2405.5 of the 2006 IBC (or later) for an example of the use of this term in building codes. Throughout this Standard/Specification, products shall be designated by “Performance Grade”, “grade”, or “PG”.

Note: See Clause 0.2.3 for additional details. Commentary: Clause 4.4. explains that “Performance Grade”, “grade” and “PG” all mean the same thing, 13

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 4.4.1 ASSIGNMENT OF PERFORMANCE GRADE (PG) Performance Grade (PG) shall be achieved only upon successful completion of all applicable tests specified in Clause 8. After complying with all minimum requirements specified, the product shall be assigned a Performance Grade in multiple increments of 240 Pa (5 psf), as specified in Tables 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3. Optional Performance Grades (PG) shall not exceed the applicable Performance Grades (PG) limit specified in Tables 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3. Clause 8.1 defines the testing sequence. Note: See Clause 0.2.3 for additional details. Commentary: Clause 4.4.1 specifies that Performance Grades (PG) cannot be assigned or claimed unless all applicable test requirements of Clause 8 have been successfully completed. 4.4.1.1 Optional Performance Grades (PG) Commentary: Clause 4.4.1.1 contains additional requirements and tests for products that are to be tested for higher performance levels beyond minimum. It incorporates uniform load deflection test, uniform load structural test, and water penetration resistance test pressures higher than the minimums specified in NAFS Tables 8.1 and 8.2. The following requirements shall apply to testing for optional Performance Grades (PG): (a) the original specimen shall be permitted to be tested; or (b) another specimen of any smaller size shall be permitted to be tested. If the additional specimen is either wider or taller than the gateway test specimen, all tests in Clause 8 applicable to the product type shall be conducted. All products tested under Clause 4.4.1.1 shall be required to conform to all the requirements of Clauses 8 and 9 and s 8.10 and 8.11 applicable to the product designation under consideration. Prior to being considered for an optional Performance Grade (PG), a product shall comply with (a) the general requirements of Clauses 8 and 9; (b) all appropriate material and component requirements specified in Clause 9; (c) all specific product performance requirements specified in Clause 4, 5, 6 or 7 for the product type; and (d) the performance requirements for the minimum Performance Grade (PG) listed in Clause 4.4 and Tables 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3. After complying with all minimum requirements specified in Items (a) to (d), the product shall be permitted to be tested in any test size for conformance to an optional Performance Grade (PG), within the same Performance Class.

4.5 MAXIMUM SIZE TESTED (MST) The maximum size tested (MST) shall be required on designations reporting or recording individual product performance. The MST shall be designated by width times (X) height in millimeters, e.g., 705 × 1503. The MST shall be permitted to be additionally shown in inches, e.g., 705 × 1503 (~27.8 × 59.2). After passing all of the performance requirements for the product type, Performance Class (where applicable), and Performance Grade (PG), the product shall be designated with the appropriate Primary Designator. This designation shall only be applied to production sizes of identical construction equal to or smaller than the size tested in both width and height. See Clause 9.1.1 for glazing exceptions. For downsized door products where structural material within the leaf has been removed, e.g., to accommodate a lite insert equal to that of a larger leaf, an additional positive and negative uniform load structural test shall be conducted on the downsized specimen to verify structural performance. For CW and AW products, persons wishing to prove compliance with both the gateway and the optional performance requirements on the same test specimen shall test a specimen equal to or greater than the minimum gateway test size for that product type. After meeting the minimum requirements, the manufacturer is permitted to test a second time at a reduced specimen size. Any geometric shape that fits within the tested size and shape (or larger test size) for a particular product type shall be permitted to be qualified by the shape, provided that the frame, sash, leaves, panels, hardware, hardware location, components, and construction remain the same. Further guidelines for qualification are provided in Clause 98. Commentary: The user is cautioned not to confuse the terms “minimum test size” and “maximum size tested”. In order to claim that a product is entitled to be included in a given Performance Class, it needs to meet or exceed all of the minimum requirements for the product type and/or Performance Class. This set of minimum requirements is called the gateway performance requirements. After meeting the minimum requirements, the manufacturer is permitted to test a second time at a reduced specimen size. The first test at the “gateway test size” provides apples to apples comparisons of products rated in the same product type and/or

14 Performance Class. Thus it becomes necessary to report to the user the actual specimen size during test. Indicating the “maximum size tested” fulfills this reporting function. For this reason, the MST is a mandatory part of the product rating but should never be included in a project specification. (See insertions) Any geometric shape that fits within the tested size and shape for a particular product type is allowed to be qualified by the shape, provided that the frame, sash, leaves, panels, hardware, hardware location, components, and construction remain the same. The guiding principles behind the creation of NAFS Figure 12.3 are to clarify and further develop rules for grouping of composite unit test specimens within NAFS in order to qualify the maximum number of unit variations with the minimum amount of testing. (Continued)

4.6 PRODUCT DESIGNATIONS Commentary: Clause 4.6 explains the NAFS product designation system for product labels, literature and other identification.

4.6.1 GENERAL A Primary Designator shall be used to designate products included in this Standard/Specification. An optional Secondary Designator shall be permitted if desired. The use of a Secondary Designator, or any portion thereof, shall only be permitted in conjunction with the Primary Designator and shall be preceded by the Primary Designator. All written presentations of any Secondary Designator, or any portion thereof, in any manner, shall have a text size not larger than that of the Primary Designator. For the purpose of compliance with this Standard/Specification, all written presentations shall include, but not be limited to, the following: (a) product labels; (b) technical literature; (c) web-based or other electronic publications; and (d) advertising.

4.6.2 PRIMARY DESIGNATOR Commentary: Clause 4.6.2 contains requirements for the three or four-part Primary Designator. 4.6.2.1 General The Primary Designator in this Standard/Specification is a three- or four-part code, which includes Performance Class, Performance Grade (PG), maximum size tested to achieve this rating, and (optionally) product type. When used, the product type shall be presented in full. Primary Designators shall only be permitted in the format indicated as follows:

Class R — PG25: Size tested 760 × 1520 mm (~30 × 60 in), Class R — PG25: Size tested 29.9 × 59.8 in, or Class R — PG25: Size tested 760 × 1520 mm For all designators, there is an option to add the product type at the end of the designator at the manufacturer’s discretion. Examples: Class R — PG25: Size tested 760 × 1520 mm (~30 × 60 in) — (Product Type)

Legend:

Class R — Performance Class (see Clauses 0.2.1 and 4.3) PG25 — Performance Grade (PG) (see Clauses 0.2.3 and 443) Size tested 760 × 1520 mm— maximum size tested (see Clause 4.5) Size tested 29.9 × 59.8 in— maximum size tested (see Clause 4.5) product type (see Clause 4.6) Figure 4.1 Primary Designator (Example 1) (See Clause 4.6.2)

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 For CW and AW products, an asterisk shall be added to the Primary Designator when a specimen smaller than specified in Table 8.3 was tested to achieve an optional Performance Grade (PG). An example of asterisk use is shown in Figure 4.2.

Class CW — PG50 — Size tested 800 × 1800 mm* (~32 × 71 in *), Class CW — PG50 — Size tested 31.5 × 70.9 in*, or Class CW — PG50 — Size tested 800 × 1800 mm* For all designators, there is an option to add the product type at the end of the designator at the manufacturer’s discretion. Examples: Class CW — PG50: Size tested 800 × 1800 mm* (~32 × 71 in*) — Hung

Legend:

Class CW — Performance Class (see Clauses 0.2.1 and 4.3) PG50 — Performance Grade (PG) (see Clauses 0.2.3 and 4.4) Size tested 800 × 1800 mm— maximum size tested (see Clause 4.5) Size tested 31.5 × 70.9 in— maximum size tested (see Clause 4.5) * — Test specimen size is smaller than gateway test size product type (see Clause 4.6)

16 Figure 4.2 Primary Designator (Example 2) (See Clause 4.6.2)

Unit Skylight – plastic glazed: SKP — PG40: Size tested 1188 × 1212 mm (~48 × 48 in), SKP — PG40: Size tested 47.5 × 48.5 in, or SKP — PG40: Size tested 1188 × 1212 mm For all designators, there is an option to add the product type at the end of the designator at the manufacturer’s discretion as follows.

SKP — PG40: Size tested 1188 × 1212 mm (~48 × 48 in) – Unit skylight – plastic glazed

Legend:

SKP — Unit Skylight (see Clauses 0.2.1 and 4.3) PG40 — Performance Grade (PG) (see Clauses 0.2.3 and 4.4) Size tested 1188 × 1212 mm (~48 × 48 in)— maximum size tested (see Clause 4.5) Size tested 47.5 × 48.5 in — maximum size tested (see Clause 4.5) Size tested 1188 × 1212 mm — maximum size tested (see Clause 4.5) product type (see Clause 4.6) Figure 4.3 Primary Designator (Example 3) (See Clause 4.6.2)

4.6.3 SECONDARY DESIGNATOR Commentary: Clause 4.6.3 contains requirements for the optional Secondary Designator elements. 4.6.3.1 General The Secondary Designator is an optional supplement to the Primary Designator. The use of a Secondary Designator, or any portion thereof, shall only be permitted in conjunction with the Primary Designator and shall be preceded by the Primary Designator. All written presentations of any Secondary Designator, or any portion thereof, in any manner, shall have a text size not larger than that of the Primary Designator. The Secondary Designator consists of up to four items of text that indicate (a) positive ASD design pressure (DP); (b) negative ASD design pressure (DP); (c) water penetration resistance test pressure; and (d) air infiltration/exfiltration level. Any of Items (a) to (d) shall be permitted to be included or excluded at the manufacturer’s discretion. Any of Items (a) to (d) that are used shall be presented in the order shown above. Items (a) and (b) shall be permitted to be combined into a single line item that indicates ASD design pressure (DP) +/–. 4.6.3.2 Positive ASD design pressure (DP) In the Secondary Designator, the positive ASD design pressure (DP) indicates the product’s ASD design pressure (DP) rating in the positive direction (e.g., higher pressure on exterior relative to interior). For unit skylights, roof windows, and TDDs, the positive ASD design pressure (DP) represents download. Positive DP refers to “allowable stress design” (as opposed to “strength design”), as referenced in ASCE/SEI 7. Commentary: For example, a product with a positive ASD design pressure (DP) of 2400 Pa (~50.13 psf) is permitted to have the following line of text in the Secondary Designator: Positive ASD design pressure (DP) = 2400 Pa (~50.13 psf). Positive ASD design pressure (DP) is only permitted in multiple increments of 240 Pa (~5.01 psf), as indicated in NAFS Tables 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3. Users of this Standard/Specification are advised that the positive ASD design pressure (DP) is not an indication of water penetration resistance performance. To determine water penetration resistance performance, the user is referred to the Performance Grade (PG) portion of the Primary Designator and/or the water penetration resistance test pressure portion of the Secondary Designator.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 4.6.3.3 Negative ASD design pressure (DP) In the Secondary Designator, the negative ASD design pressure (DP) indicates the product’s ASD design pressure (DP) rating in the negative direction (e.g., higher pressure on interior relative to exterior). For unit skylights, roof windows, and TDDs, the negative ASD design pressure (DP) represents uplift. Negative DP refers to “allowable stress design” (as opposed to “strength design”), as referenced in ASCE/SEI 7. Commentary: For example, a product with a negative ASD design pressure (DP) of 3120 Pa (~65.16 psf) is permitted to have the following line of text in the Secondary Designator: Negative ASD design pressure (DP) = 3120 Pa (~65.16 psf). Negative ASD design pressure (DP) is only permitted in increments of 240 Pa (~5.01 psf), as indicated in NAFS Tables 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3. It is recognized that ASCE/SEI 7 has gained wide acceptance in the United States as a suitable approach for assessing minimum design load requirements for structures and their components. It is also recognized that the calculations specified in ASCE/SEI 7 result in separate positive and negative design wind loads, with the negative design wind loads very frequently being of greater magnitude than the positive design wind loads, particularly for vertical products. Positive or negative DP refers to “allowable stress design” (as opposed to “strength design”), as referenced in ASCE/SEI 7. Unit skylights, TDDs, and roof windows often require different download and/or uplift design loads for applicable project requirements. For example, in a unit skylight product intended for coastal application, the specified negative design wind load (uplift) is often significant and the positive design load (download) is minimal, while in a product intended for an area that receives large quantities of snow and ice, the reverse would apply. ASCE/SEI 7 may not be the only means for complying in all jurisdictions. Loads on structures and their components are determined in accordance with the requirements of the applicable building code. In Canada the calculations to determine the appropriate load requirements for fenestration are based on the hourly wind pressure (HWP) tabulated in the National Building Code of Canada. The CSA A440S1 defines the calculations to be used to determine the appropriate load requirements for fenestration base on the HWP data.

4.6.3.4 Water penetration resistance test pressure The Performance Grade (PG) rating for a product is sometimes limited by structural performance rather than by water penetration resistance performance. In these cases, the tested specimen might have successfully passed a water penetration resistance test at a pressure greater than the minimum specified for the Performance Class and Performance Grade (PG). For example, a product that was successfully tested to a water penetration resistance test pressure of 580 Pa (~12.11 psf) shall be permitted to have the following line of text in the Secondary Designator: Water Penetration Resistance Test Pressure = 580 Pa (~12.11 psf). The water penetration resistance test pressure shall be reported only in the increments specified in Tables 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3, except that reporting a water penetration resistance test pressure below the performance grade requirement, down to 0 Pa (0.00 psf) shall be permitted for Limited Water (LW) side-hinged doors, dual-action side-hinged doors, sliding doors and folding doors. Testing and rating at these incremental water penetration resistance test pressures is permitted if greater than the specified minimum test pressures. Commentary: Door systems with Limited Water (LW) ratings are intended to be used in locations where adequate protection from water exposure of those systems is provided. Adequate protection may be defined by applicable building code requirements where overhangs or other means is allowed. The project design professional determines the door installation needs, which may include the use of overhangs, vestibules or other means which may not have otherwise been provided if the door carried a full Performance Grade (PG) where water penetration resistance testing under pressure would have been performed.

18 4.7 FENESTRATION TYPE AND TEST SIZE REQUIREMENTS Commentary: Product type designations are not required on compliance labels. For convenience, Commentary Table C4.7 and Figure C4.7 illustrate product type. These are illustrative examples only, and are not intended to be all inclusive, nor a definition of test sample configuration. Table C4.7 Product types

AP = Awning, hopper, projected window RWP = Roof window — plastic glazed ATD = Architectural terrace door SD = Sliding door BW = Basement window SHD = Side-hinged door C = Casement window SHW = Side-hinged (inswinging) window DASHD = Dual-action side-hinged door SKG = Unit skylight — glass glazed DAW = Dual-action window SKP = Unit skylight — plastic glazed FD = Fixed door SLT = Side lite FLD = Folding door SP = Specialty product FW = Fixed window SSP = Secondary storm product GH = Greenhouse window TA = Tropical awning window H = Hung window TASSP = Tropical awning window Secondary storm product HE = Hinged rescue window TDDCC = Tubular daylighting device — closed ceiling HP = Horizontally pivoted window TDDOC = Tubular daylighting device — open ceiling HS = Horizontal sliding window TH = Top-hinged window J = Jalousie window TTR = Top Turn Reversible JA = Jal-awning window TR = Transom MA = Mullion Assembly VP = Vertically pivoted window POW = Parallel opening window VS = Vertical sliding window RWG = Roof window — glass glazed

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Commentary Figure C4.7 Product type illustrations (See Clause 4.7)

20 Commentary Figure C4.7 (Continued)

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Commentary Figure C4.7 (Continued)

22 Commentary Figure C4.7 (Concluded)

4.7.1 GENERAL All windows, doors, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights and their components shall meet all of the applicable requirements of Clauses 8 and 9. Each specimen submitted for testing shall be a completely 23

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 assembled and glazed (unglazed only where required) window, door, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight of standard construction in the largest size for which acceptance is sought under this Standard/Specification, and for CW and AW products, in no case less than the minimum size shown for the appropriate product designation See Table 8.3. Where dual windows or dual doors are tested for compliance with this Standard/Specification, the test size shall be the same as that provided in each Performance Class for the type of product being tested. The product designation shall incorporate the letters DW or DD, as outlined in Clause 4. All windows, doors, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights and their components shall meet all of the applicable requirements of this Standard/Specification.

4.7.2 PRODUCT DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES Commentary: Clause.4.7.2 describes dimension nomenclature, measurement convention and tolerances for fenestration products. 4.7.2.1 Dimensions The overall product dimension is the dimension for that portion of the frame that inserts into the rough opening or over the rough opening for curb-mounted or self-flashed unit skylights.

Commentary: Where two dimensions are used together to express size, e.g., 1200 × 1800 mm (~47.24 × 70.87 in), the first dimension represents width and the second dimension represents height.

24 Commentary Figure C4.7.4.1 Product dimension measurement (See Clause 8.3.2.4 and Table 8.3)

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 4.7.2.2 Tolerances Commentary: Clause.4.7.2.2 describes dimension tolerances for fenestration products. 4.7.2.2.1 Production size versus test size For compliance with this Standard/Specification, the production size shall not exceed the test size by more than the following (all measurements shall be taken at room temperature): (a) +1.5 mm (~1/16 in) for all dimensions 1830 mm (~72 in) and under; (b) +3.0 mm (~1/8 in) for all dimensions between 1830 mm (~72 in) and 3660 mm (~144 in); and (c) +4.5 mm (~3/16 in) for all dimensions greater than 3660 mm (~144 in).

4.7.2.2.2 Gateway size for CW and AW products For compliance with this Standard/Specification, the gateway test specimen size for CW and AW products shall be not less than the gateway minimum test size, by more than the following: (a) –1.5 mm (~1/16 in) for all dimensions 1830 mm (~72 in) and under; (b) –3.0 mm (~1/8 in) for all dimensions between 1830 mm (~72 in) and 3660 mm (~144 in); and (c) – 4.5 mm (~3/16 in) for all dimensions greater than 3660 mm (~144 in).

4.7.2.2.3 Overall size For singular rectangular specimens, the overall size shall not deviate from the dimensions indicated on the supplied drawings by more than the following: (a) ±1.5 mm (~1/16 in) for all dimensions 1830 mm (~72 in) and under; (b) ±3.0 mm (~1/8 in) for all dimensions between 1830 mm (~72 in) and 3660 mm (~144 in); and (c) ±4.5 mm (~3/16 in) for all dimensions greater than 3660 mm (~144 in).

4.7.2.2.4 Diagonal The requirements specified in Clause 4.7.2.2 shall not apply to diagonal measurements. 4.7.2.2.5 Deviation For singular non-rectangular specimens, the overall size shall not deviate from the dimensions indicated on the supplied drawings by more than ±6.0 mm (~1/4 in).

4.8 BASEMENT WINDOWS, HINGED WINDOWS, SIDE LITES, TRANSOMS, DUAL-ACTION WINDOWS OR DUAL-ACTION DOORS, AND SECONDARY STORM PRODUCTS Commentary: Clause.4.8 addresses basement windows, hinged windows, side lites, transoms, dual windows, specialty products and secondary storm products

4.8.1 BASEMENT WINDOWS The basement window designation has been provided so that a rating may be obtained that is consistent with code requirements for basements or cellars, including ventilation and emergency rescue provisions. It is inappropriate to test a window as a basement window if it is intended to be installed above grade or in locations other than a basement or cellar. Windows that are designed for use above grade shall be tested according to the appropriate operator type, even if they are occasionally used in basements or cellars for ventilation purposes. The escape or emergency rescue provisions of basement windows are usually accomplished by removal of the sash from the frame through normal operation. The test specimen submitted shall include all parts of the basement window, including the secondary perimeter frame used to facilitate escape or emergency rescue, if applicable. Local code requirements may prohibit the use of removable sash basement windows as escape or rescue windows.

4.8.2 HINGED WINDOWS The hinged window designation is for windows comprising a sash that swings inward or outward primarily for cleaning or rescue and not for ventilation. For cleaning, the window is supplied with custodial locking hardware limiting free access and opening to the occupant. Friction adjusters are normally used to resist tension-free swinging of the sash.

26 For emergency escape and rescue, the window shall provide for egress of the building occupant. The window shall use hardware that allows it to be opened from the inside without special tools. Commentary: The hinged rescue window designation describes a specific type of window operation used primarily in emergency escape applications. This designation permits these operator types to be tested for air leakage, water penetration resistance, structural load, and other performance requirements. Units tested to this designation have not been examined for their dimensional or operational parameters other than as specifically described in this NAFS. They are used as emergency escape devices, provided that they meet local code requirements regarding such devices.

4.8.3 SIDE LITES, FIXED DOORS, AND DOOR TRANSOMS When tested as part of a side-hinged door system, side lites, fixed doors, and door transoms are permitted to be tested at the same water resistance test pressure as the side-hinged door in that system. If intended to be offered as independent units in separate rough openings, or when tested separately, they shall meet the minimum water resistance test pressure for the Performance Grade sought. Side lites shall not exceed 700 mm (~27.56 in) in width and transoms shall not exceed 800 mm (~31.50 in) in height.

4.8.4 DUAL WINDOWS OR DUAL DOORS Commentary: Clause 4.8.4 contains the requirements for dual window and dual doors. 4.8.4.1 General When the manufacturer chooses to test and market a product as a dual window or dual door incorporating an SSP, this Clause and Clause 4.8.4.2 shall apply. Operation of the primary and secondary sash and/or leaf or leaves shall be performed independently of each other. Dual windows and doors are marketed and tested as integral units. Dual window or door configurations include (a) interior primary/exterior secondary; (b) exterior primary/interior secondary; and (c) interior primary/exterior primary.

4.8.4.2 Requirements Commentary: Clause 4.8.4.2 contains the detailed requirements for dual windows and dual doors. 4.8.4.2.1 Removability Exterior secondary window sash shall not be operable or removable from the outside when closed.

4.8.4.2.2 Hold open devices Normally operated secondary window sash shall have hardware devices designed to hold sash secure and level in ventilating positions. 4.8.4.2.3 Secondary storm products in dual windows In addition to meeting the applicable Clauses of this Standard/Specification, SSPs, when provided as a component of a dual window, shall comply with AAMA 1002, and exterior storm doors, when provided as a component of a side-hinged dual door, shall comply with AAMA 1102. When SSPs are rated independently, they shall comply with all applicable Clauses of this Standard/Specification as well as AAMA 1002 and AAMA 1102.

4.8.4.2.4 Hold open devices in SSPs On non-hung, vertically sliding products and on SSPs, normally operated secondary window sash shall have hardware devices designed to prevent unintended closure of the sash. There shall be a latch position to provide an open space at least 25 mm (~1 in) but not more than 100 mm (~4 in) high between sash and sill. The upper sash shall be held in place by means other than the screen insert.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 4.8.4.2.5 Additional testing When a secondary window or door is included with the test specimen, performance shall be determined for the primary window or door alone for all tests specified in Clause 8. In addition, the dual window or door system shall be tested in both the single mode (where applicable) and dual mode for: (a) water penetration resistance in accordance with Clause 8.3.3; (b) uniform load resistance in accordance with Clause 8.3.4; and (c) operating force in accordance with Clause 8.3.1. (Force shall be in accordance with 8.4 for the operator type and Performance Class.) Testing of two separate specimens, one in the dual mode and one in the single mode, shall be permitted. The performance of each configuration shall be measured and recorded in the test report. In addition to the mandatory testing specified in this Clause and at the manufacturer’s discretion, the dual window or door system shall be permitted to also be tested in the single mode (where applicable), the dual mode, or both modes, in accordance with any or all of the other tests specified in Clause 8. At the manufacturer’s discretion, the results of this optional testing shall be permitted to be included in the test report.

4.8.5 SPECIALTY PRODUCTS Specialty products are defined as windows, doors, or unit skylights of a type not otherwise specified in Clause 4. Each specimen submitted for tests shall be a completely assembled and glazed (if applicable) product in the largest size for which conformance is sought under this Standard/Specification. Specialty products shall comply with all applicable material, component, and hardware requirements of this Standard/Specification. However, specialty products shall not be required to comply with any minimum width and/or height requirements of this Standard/Specification. Specialty products shall be designated as described in Clause 4.6.2, except that specialty products shall not be assigned a Performance Class designation. For example, the Primary Designator for a specialty product with a tested size of 1016 × 762 mm (~40.00 × 30.00 in) that qualifies for Performance Grade (PG) 40 shall be “SP – PG40 1016 × 762” or any allowable variation thereof as described in Clause 4.6.2. Commentary: The Specialty Product type exists to allow manufacturers to obtain Performance Grade rating of products within the scope of this Standard/Specification but which are not defined product types within the standard. These include product types that may be newly-developed, not widely used, or used in geographically limited markets. Examples include but are not limited to: folding windows, pivot doors, outward-opening dual-action windows, large tilt-only windows and doors used residential and commercial buildings.

28 Figure 4.4 Special shapes and sizes — Specialty products (See Clauses 4.10.2 and 4.10.3)

4.8.6 SECONDARY STORM PRODUCTS Commentary: Clause.4.8.6 addresses secondary storm products. 4.8.6.1 General If the required ASD design pressure for the installation is determined to fall between the performance levels specified in Tables 8.1 or 8.2, the next higher ASD design pressure shall be used to specify the required performance level.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 4.8.6.2 Water drainage testing AWS For externally applied units, a water drainage test shall be required. The test shall be conducted without an applied pressure difference for units below performance level 20. For performance level 20 and higher units, the testing shall be conducted using an applied positive pressure difference of 10% of the ASD design pressure. Water drainage provisions shall ensure that water height in the drainage cavity shall not exceed 8mm (0.3 in). The laboratory test fixture shall have a sill with a slope of approximately 6 degrees. “Water drainage provisions shall ensure that no water overflows the interior edge of the sloped test fixture sill when constructed in accordance with AAMA 1002.10-93 Test Buck Details A and B”. (approx. ¾” depth) 4.8.6.3 Air infiltration for SSP windows AWS Refer to Table 8.10 for the maximum allowable air infiltration rate for SSP windows. 4.8.6.4 Air infiltration for SSP doors AWS Refer to Table 8.10 for the maximum allowable air infiltration rate for SSP doors. 4.8.6.5 Structural testing AWS The structural test pressures shall be applied in both positive and negative directions. At the conclusion of the tests, there shall be no evidence of breakage and operable test units shall operate freely.

30 Table 4.1 AWS Gateway performance requirements for secondary storm products (See Clause 4.8.6) ASD design Uniform load structural Water drainage Air leakage test pressure test pressure test pressure pressure Performance level Pa (~psf) Pa (~psf) Pa (~psf) Pa (~psf)

15 720 (15.04) 1080 (22.56) 0 (0.0) 75 (1.57) 20 960 (20.05) 1440 (30.08) 96 (2.0) 75 (1.57) 25 1200 (25.06) 1800 (37.59) 120 (2.5) 75 (1.57) 30 1440 (30.08) 2160 (45.11) 144 (3.0) 75 (1.57) 35 1680 (35.09) 2520 (52.63) 168 (3.5) 75 (1.57) 40 1920 (40.10) 2880 (60.15) 192 (4.0) 75 (1.57) 45 2160 (45.11) 3240 (67.67) 215 (4.5) 75 (1.57) 50 2400 (50.13) 3600 (75.19) 239 (5.0) 75 (1.57) 60 2880 (60.15) 4320 (90.23) 287 (6.0) 75 (1.57) 70 3360 (70.18) 5040 (105.26) 335 (7.0) 75 (1.57) 80 3840 (80.20) 5760 (120.30) 383 (8.0) 75 (1.57) 90 4320 (90.23) 6480 (135.34) 431 (9.0) 75 (1.57) 100 4800 (100.25) 7200 (150.38) 479 (10.0) 75 (1.57)

Note: For more information on units of measurement, see Clause 1.3

4.9 SPECIAL SHAPES AND SIZES

4.9.1 SPECIAL SHAPES AND SIZES — SINGLE-HUNG WINDOWS When the single-hung window is limited to a two-lite-high single-hung window, and if the manufacturer provides a comparative analysis in accordance with AAMA 2502, the structural testing of an even split unit shall also qualify an uneven split unit, provided that the lower portion is less than H/2 and the overall frame size of the uneven split unit is equal to or less than that of the even split unit. Commentary: The terms “even” and “uneven” refer to the relative sizes of the sash or panel pairs, e.g., “even” where HU = HL, “uneven” where HU ≠ HL.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Figure 4.4 Special shapes and sizes — Single-hung windows (See Clauses 4.10.2 and 4.10.3)

32 Figure 4.4 (Concluded)

4.9.2 SPECIAL SHAPES AND SIZES — DOUBLE-HUNG WINDOWS When the double-hung window is limited to a two-lite-high double-hung window, structural testing of the maximum upper and lower sash shall qualify all sash sizes equal to or smaller than those tested in both height and width.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Figure 4.5 Special shapes and sizes — Double-hung windows (See Clauses 4.10.2 and 4.10.3.)

(Continued)

4.9.3 SPECIAL SHAPES AND SIZES — SINGLE SLIDING WINDOWS AND DOORS When the single sliding windows and doors are limited to a two-lite-wide OX or XO horizontal sliding window or door, and if the manufacturer provides a comparative analysis in accordance with AAMA 2502, the structural testing of an even split unit shall also qualify an uneven split unit, provided that one portion is less than W/2 and the overall frame size of the uneven split unit is equal to or less than that of the even split unit.

Commentary: The terms “even” and “uneven” refer to the relative sizes of the sash or panel pairs, e.g., “even” where WL = WR, “uneven” where WL ≠ WR.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Figure 4.6 Special shapes and sizes — Single sliding windows and doors (See Clauses 4.10.2 and 4,10,3) (Continued)

4.9.4 SPECIAL SHAPES AND SIZES — DOUBLE SLIDING WINDOWS AND DOORS When the double-sliding window or door is limited to a two-lite-wide XX configuration, structural testing of the maximum left and right sash shall qualify all sash sizes equal to or smaller than those tested in both height and width.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Figure 4.7 Special shapes and sizes — Double sliding windows and doors (See Clauses 4.10.2 and 4.10.3) (Continued)

4.10 QUALIFICATION OF DESIGNS, CONFIGURATIONS, AND ASSEMBLIES Commentary: Clause.4.10 addresses variations in product design, configuration and assembly that can be covered by a single test, and circumstances where additional testing is necessary.

4.10.1 GENERAL One test does not necessarily provide a rating on all variations of a specific product design. Many factors, some of which are detailed in Clause 4.10.3, have a significant impact on the performance of the product. Clauses 4.10.1 to 4.10.4 are not all-inclusive, but users should be aware of the design tested in comparison to that being manufactured.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 4.10.2 GEOMETRY AND COMPONENTS Any geometric shape that fits within the rectangular test size for a particular product type, provided that the framing, sash, leaves, operating door panels, glass and glazing, hardware, hardware location, fasteners, reinforcing, material type, components, and construction all provide equivalent performance, shall be permitted to be qualified by the rectangular shape. The tested sash, leaf, or operating door panel size shall not be exceeded. See Figures 4.4 to 4.8. The test unit shall contain sash, leaves, operating door panels, and frames of the largest dimension (width and height) for which compliance is desired. Sash, leaves, operating door panels, or frames larger (width and/or height) than those tested shall not comply. Windows, doors, and unit skylights tested with reinforced framing and/or sash, leaf, or operating door panel members shall not qualify an unreinforced configuration. A free-formed plastic glazed domed unit skylight that is identical to but smaller than a larger tested unit shall have a dome height proportional to that of the larger unit in order to be qualified by the larger unit’s rating. The smaller unit shall not exceed the dimensions of the larger unit in either width or height, and the dome material source(s), specification(s) and thickness(es) for both units shall be the same. The dome height is measured from the highest point of the outside dome perpendicular to its base. The smaller unit’s dome height is determined from the ratio of the dome height of the larger unit to the shortest side of that unit, with a tolerance of ±25 mm (~1 in). Commentary: Dome height requirement example: Larger tested size dome rise ratio: 1220 × 2440 mm (~4 × 8 in) unit skylight with 250 mm (~10 in) dome height 250/1220 = 0.205 Allowable dome height for smaller identical units: 610 × 2440 mm (~2 × 8 in) 610 mm (~2 in) × 0.205 = 125 mm (~5 in) 100 mm (~4 in) < Dome height < 150 mm (~6 in)

4.10.3 OPERATION AND ORIENTATION Operation and orientation guidelines are further clarified in Figures 4.4 to 4.8 and 12.1. Some examples are as follows: (a) An inswing product shall not be qualified by testing an outswing product or vice versa. However, testing of a right or left hinge configuration shall qualify the opposite. (b) A horizontal sliding product tested with the operable sash/panel(s) to the exterior shall not qualify a similar product with the operable sash/panel(s) to the interior. However, testing of a right or left operable sash configuration shall qualify the opposite. (c) A fixed product tested with sash, leaf, panel, or glazing set from the exterior shall not qualify a product with sash, leaf, panel, or glazing set from the interior or vice versa. (d) A fixed product shall not qualify an operable product or vice versa.

4.10.4 DIVIDERS (MUNTINS) Commentary: Clause.4.10.4 addresses true divided lites, simulated divided lites, removable grids and grills. 4.10.4.1 True divided lites (TDLs) True divided lites (TDLs) are composed of muntins that carry a structural load. Tests of TDL units shall qualify similar units of equal or smaller sizes. Tests of units with TDL dividers shall not qualify single lite units without TDL dividers, nor shall tests of single lite units without TDL dividers qualify units with TDL dividers. TDLs shall not qualify simulated divided lites (SDLs). 4.10.4.2 Simulated divided lites (SDLs), removable grids, and grills Decorative simulated divided lite (SDL) units (which are usually attached to the glazing by adhesive), removable grids, and grills-between-the-glass units are non-structural components that do not divide the glazing into individual smaller glazing lites. Tests of single lite units without dividers shall be permitted to be used to qualify units with SDLs and grills-between-the-glass units. SDLs shall not qualify TDLs.

5 MULLIONS Commentary: Clause 5 contains the requirements for mullions.

40 5.1 MULLION RATING AWS Testing composite units or mulled combination assemblies (including window wall assemblies) in accordance with this Standard/Specification qualifies mullions in similar units or assemblies with equal or smaller spans, and equal or smaller tributary widths, and horizontal mullions with equal or smaller supported mass. For testing combination assemblies, see Clause 5. Mullion ratings shall be determined according to the requirements and procedures of AAMA 450 (i.e., air, water, and structural) and the ratings shall become a part of the test record for the composite units or mulled combination assembly. Provisions in referenced Standards requiring design by engineers licensed in the United States do not apply to windows or doors installed in Canada. In Canada, provincial or territorial legislation governing engineering practices shall apply where design by engineers is required. Integral mullions, combination mullions, or reinforcing mullions shall be capable of withstanding the design loads outlined in Clause 8. Mullions shall be designed to transfer the design loads applied by the adjacent fenestration units to the rough opening substrate. Commentary: Commentary Figure C5.1 provides guidance on various types of mullions and their application

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Commentary Figure C5.1 Mullion types and applications (See Clause 5.1) (Continued)

42 Commentary Figure C5.1 (Continued) (Continued)

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Commentary Figure C6.1 (Continued) (Continued)

44 Commentary Figure C5.1 (Concluded)

5.2 COMPOSITE UNITS AWS Composite units utilize integral mullions within a single frame. Composite units shall be tested as a complete unit according to the provisions of the appropriate clauses of this Standard/Specification. Testing shall be in accordance with Clause 5.2 or the composite unit shall be reviewed by a qualified engineer. 45

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Commentary: In the U.S., a qualified engineer for this purpose is defined as a professional engineer in accordance with AAMA 450, Option 3. In Canada, a qualified engineer is determined by the appropriate provincial or territorial professional engineering association.

5.3 COMBINATION ASSEMBLIES Commentary: Clause 5.3 explains the requirements for combination assembles.

5.3.1 GENERAL AWS Combination assemblies utilize combination mullions and/or reinforcing mullions between separate window or door units. Combination assemblies shall be qualified: (a) by testing as combination assemblies; or (b) by testing as individual units, with mullion performance tested separately or calculated in accordance with AAMA 450.

5.3.2 TESTING AS A COMBINATION ASSEMBLY AWS If tested as a combination assembly, the individual units making up the combination assembly shall also qualify as individual units with unit width and height less than or equal to individual test unit size, provided that the individual units also comply with Clause 4.5. Also, the mullion shall qualify for spans and tributary widths less than or equal to those of the tested combination assembly.

5.4 FIELD MULLING WITHOUT MANUFACTURER’S INVOLVEMENT Windows and doors combined into assemblies consisting of two or more individual units in the field without the manufacturer’s involvement, testing, or evidence of compliance are not covered in this Standard/Specification. Manufacturer’s involvement includes published installation procedures and manufactured parts, such as mullion stiffeners, brackets, and fasteners.

5.5 UNIFORM LOAD DEFLECTION Commentary: Clause 5.5 contains the uniform load deflection testing criteria for mullions.

5.5.1 GENERAL AWS Mullions shall be designed to withstand the full design load specified, regardless of the fenestration product Performance Class.

5.5.2 TESTS AWS The uniform load deflection test at ASD design pressure (DP) shall be conducted in accordance with Clause 8.3.4.2. Deflection of all mullions tested at ASD design pressure (DP) shall be recorded. Evidence of compliance for all Performance Classes shall be permitted to be by mathematical calculation using accepted engineering methods. The uniform load structural test at 150% of ASD design pressure (DP) shall be conducted in accordance with Clause 8.3.4.3. Mullions shall be capable of resisting a load 150% of the ASD design pressure (DP) loads applied by the product assemblies to be supported without exceeding the appropriate material stress levels. The 150% of ASD design pressure (DP) load shall be sustained for 10 seconds, and the permanent deformation shall not exceed 0.4% of the mullion span for R and LC products, 0.3% of the mullion span for CW products, and 0.2% of the mullion span for AW products after the 150% ASD design pressure (DP) load is removed.

5.5.3 INTEGRAL MULLIONS USED WITH CLASS CW AND AW PRODUCTS AWS Integral mullions used with CW and AW class products (only) shall not exceed a deflection of 1/175th of the span of the mullion when the unit is loaded at ASD design pressure (DP).

5.5.4 COMBINATION MULLIONS AND REINFORCING MULLIONS USED WITH PRODUCTS OF ANY PERFORMANCE CLASS AWS

46 Combination mullions and reinforcing mullions used with products of any Performance Class shall be capable of resisting the ASD design pressure (DP) loads applied by the adjacent product assemblies to be supported. Combination mullions and reinforcing mullions of combination assemblies rated per option 2 of AAMA 450 shall not exceed a deflection of 1/175th of the span of the mullion when the combination assembly is loaded at ASD design pressure (DP). Deflection limits for combination mullions and reinforcing mullions shall apply to the mullion only. The mullion bending moment shall not exceed the option 2 bench test derived values. Combination mullions and reinforcing mullions of combination assemblies rated per option 3 of AAMA 450 shall not exceed a deflection of 1/175th of the span of the mullion when the combination assembly is loaded at ASD design pressure (DP). Deflection limits for combination mullions and reinforcing mullions shall apply to the mullion only. Neither the mullion bending stress nor the bending moment shall exceed the published allowable values or test derived design parameters.

5.6 VERTICAL (DEAD LOAD) DEFLECTION AWS The vertical Deflection shall not exceed 1/360 of the mullion length, up to a maximum of 3mm. Also, there shall be no permanent deformation of any part of the test specimen that would inhibit operation of any adjacent products. Operation of windows or doors shall not be impaired by the vertical deflection of horizontal mullions. The vertical deflection of horizontal mullions shall be determined for the most severe type of loading (magnitude and location) applied to the member. This shall require that units/assemblies be evaluated with the heaviest glazing configuration available from the manufacturer. If the horizontal mullion supports a fixed lite or transom, the method shall assume that both ends are simply supported and that the loads are applied at quarter points. The deflection shall be determined by test or calculation, knowing the stiffness value of the member and the magnitude of the total load, which shall be determined from the mass of the sash or panels supported by the member.

5.7 MULLION ASSEMBLY PERFORMANCE In addition to testing for AWS performance, the Performance Class attributes of Mullion Assemblies shall be recorded, reported and where necessary, labelled. When mullions are qualified by engineering (in accordance with Clause 5), they shall be designed for a deflection limit of L/175 under ASD design pressure for all Performance Classes. However, when qualified by testing, R and LC mullions are not required to be evaluated for deflection. CW and AW mullions are required to be limited to L/175 deflection under ASD design pressure. When qualified by testing, all mullions are required to be tested to Class- specific permanent set values.

5.7.1 WATER TESTING AWS The mullion’s water penetration resistance rating is the test assembly’s overall water penetration resistance rating in Pa (psf).

5.7.2 AIR LEAKAGE TESTING AWS Since mullions often have zero width and no area, the mullion’s air leakage rate is the test assembly’s 2 2 overall air leakage rate in L/S/M (cfm/ft ).

5.8 MULLION ASSEMBLY PRIMARY DESIGNATOR Figure 4.9 provides the Primary Designator for mullions in combination assemblies. This mullion designator can be used for permanent labelling and on temporary labels. This designator would work for options 1, 2, and 3 and assemblies qualified through grouping per AAMA 450. Commentary: The Mullion Assembly Primary Designator example in Figure 4.9 is for a vertical mullion between two units as shown in the illustration below. The left unit is an operating casement, frame = 914 mm (36.00 in.) W x 2286 mm (90.00 in.) H. The right unit is a fixed window, frame = 2438 mm (96.00 in.) W x 2286 mm (90.00 in.) H. There is a 51mm (2 in.) wide mullion spread between the units. The 51mm (2 in.) spread may or may not contain a mullion stiffener, so this may refer to a combination mullion or a reinforcing mull. The left unit's trapezoidal tributary width is 457 mm (18.00 in.). The right unit's triangular tributary width is 1143 mm (45.00 in.). This mull's total wind load tributary width = 457 mm (18 in.) + 51 mm (2 in.) + 1143 mm (45 in.) = 1651 mm (65.00 in.). 47

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 See AAMA 450 for explanation of how to determine the various triangular and trapezoidal wind load mullion tributary areas, which lead to the tributary widths. By using AAMA 450 with a professional engineer's analysis, a MA rating can be applied to any of a group of different adjacent products, and/or the analysis might also include calculations for improved structural performance when the mullion span and/or tributary width is reduced.

48 Mullion Assembly Primary Designator:

Class R - PG40 - Size Tested 2286 mm (~90 in) Span / 1651 mm (~65in) TribWd MA, Class R - PG40 - Size Tested 90.0 in Span / 65.0 in TribWd MA, or Class R - PG40 - Size Tested 2286 mm Span / 1651 mm TribWd MA

At the right end of the designator the Mullion Assembly acronym (MA) must be listed. Legend: Class R — Performance Class (see Clauses 0.2.1 and 4.3) PG40 — Performance Grade (PG) (see Clauses 0.2.3 and 4.4) MA — Mullion assembly product type (see Clauses 5.5.3 and 5.5.4) Size Tested 2286 mm span— maximum mullion span tested (see Clause 4.5) Size Tested 90.0 in span— maximum mullion span tested (see Clause 4.5) Size Tested 1651 mm TribWd (see Clause 5.8) Size Tested 65.0 in TribWd (see Clause 5.8) Figure 5.1 Mullion Assembly primary designator (See Clause 5.8)

5.9 MULLION ASSEMBLY SECONDARY DESIGNATOR Figure 4.10 provides the Secondary Designator for mullions in combination assemblies. These mullion designators can be used for permanent labelling and on temporary labels. This designator would work for options 1, 2, and 3 and assemblies qualified through grouping per AAMA 450. Commentary: See the Clause 5.8 for Mullion Assembly Primary Designator.

Mullion Assembly Primary Designator: Class R - PG40 - Size Tested 2286 mm (~90 in) Span / 1651 mm (~65in) TribWd MA, Class R - PG40 - Size Tested 90.0 in Span / 65.0 in TribWd MA, or Class R - PG40 - Size Tested 2286 mm Span / 1651 mm TribWd MA

Mullion Assembly Secondary Designator: Positive ASD design pressure (DP) = 1920 Pa (40 psf) Negative ASD design pressure (DP) = 1920 Pa (40 psf) Water Penetration Resistance Test Pressure = 290 Pa (6.06 psf)

At the right end of the primary designator the Mullion Assembly acronym (MA) must be listed.

Figure 5.2 Mullion Assembly secondary designator (See Clause 5.9)

6 SIDE-HINGED AND FOLDING DOORS (ALL CLASSES) Commentary: Clause 0.2.1 defines requirements for four Performance Classes. Clause 6 provides performance requirements for all classes of side-hinged and folding doors. It separates those requirements that are specific to either the U.S. or Canada, and those requirements that are applicable to both countries. It also identifies gateway performance requirements and optional performance requirements.

6.1 GENERAL

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Commentary: Side-hinged door systems have requirements that are different from window, sliding door, and unit skylight products, both in design and application. As the primary means of entry to a building, exterior side-hinged doors are required to protect against the elements and allow for ease of access and emergency escape and rescue. In some cases, the side-hinged door system is required to act as a barrier to fire. A side-hinged door system can be expected to be operated a significantly greater number of times and to a greater severity during its design life than a typical operable window, sliding door, or unit skylight assembly. For this reason, cycling performance is evaluated. Lastly, it is not always feasible for side-hinged door systems to meet the substantial water penetration resistance requirements of weather-exposed areas. Folding door systems have requirements that are a combination of sliding door and side-hinged door. For these reasons, when a folding door is configured with an active hinged panel it will have similar requirements to the side-hinge door noted above.

6.2 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Commentary: Clause 6.2 highlights the performance requirements for side-hinged, dual-action and folding door systems.

6.2.1 GENERAL For side-hinged door, dual-action side-hinged door, sliding door and folding door systems, an allowable exception is to test and rate the products for water penetration resistance at an air pressure differential that ranges from 0 Pa (0.0 psf) to any pressure less than the minimum water penetration resistance test pressure required for the indicated Performance Class and Performance Grade (PG). Side-hinged door, dual- action side-hinged door, sliding door and folding door systems tested and rated to this exception have a designation identifying the product for “Limited Water” (LW) performance. This exception is permitted for side-hinged door, dual-action side-hinged door, sliding door and folding door systems only and is not permitted for any other product type. A second option for side hinged door, dual-action side- hinged door sliding door and folding door system types is to test water resistance without the locking/latching hardware exposed to water. The use of this option will require the designator “X” to be added as a suffix to the existing SHD DASHD or FLD categories. Testing and rating at test pressures greater than the specified minimum test pressures is permitted.

6.2.2 GATEWAY PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Table 6.1 provides available Performance Grade (PG) requirements.

50 Table 6.1 Available Performance Grades (PG) requirements for side-hinged and folding doors (See Clauses 0.2.5.1, 4.4.1.1, 4.6.3.2, 4.6.3.3, 4.6.5.4, 6.2, 6.2.2, 8.3.4.2, and 8.3.4.3) Perfo rman ce Clas ses and avail Water penetration resistance test pressure able Struc Perfo ASD tural rman desig test ce n pres Grad pres sure es sure (STP (PG) (DP) )

R, LC, CW AW

(~psf (~psf (~psf (~psf R LC CW AW Pa ) Pa ) Pa ) Pa ) 15 — — — 720 1080 140 — (15.0 (22.5 (2.92 4) 6) ) 20 — — — 960 1440 150 — (20.0 (30.0 (3.13 5) 8) ) 25 25 — — 1200 1800 180 — (25.0 (37.5 (3.76 6) 9) ) 30 30 30 — 1440 2160 220 — (30.0 (45.1 (4.59 8) 1) ) 35 35 35 — 1680 2520 260 — (35.0 (52.6 (5.43 9) 3) ) 40 40 40 40 1920 2880 290 390 (40.1 (60.1 (6.06 (8.02) 0) 5) ) 45 45 45 45 2160 3240 330 440 (45.1 (67.6 (6.89 (9.19 1) 7) ) ) 50 50 50 50 2400 3600 360 480 (10.0 (50.1 (75.1 (7.52 3) 3) 9) ) 55 55 55 55 2640 3960 400 530 (11.0 51

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 (55.1 (82.7 (8.35 7) 4) 1) ) 60 60 60 60 2880 4320 440 580 (60.1 (90.2 (9.19 (12.1 5) 3) ) 1) 65 65 65 65 3120 4680 470 620 (13.0 (65.1 (97.7 (9.82 3) 6) 4) ) 70 70 70 70 3360 5040 510 670 (14.0 (70.1 (105. (10.6 4) 8) 26) 5) 75 75 75 75 3600 5400 540 720 (15.0 (75.1 (112. (11.2 4) 9) 78) 8) 80 80 80 80 3840 5760 580 720(2) (15.0 (80.2 (120. (12.1 4)(2) 0) 30) 1) 85 85 85 85 4080 6120 610 (12.7 720(2) (15.0 (85.2 (127. 8) 4)(2) 1) 82) 90 90 90 90 4320 6480 650 (13.5 720(2) (15.0 (90.2 (135. 3) 4)(2) 3) 34) 95 95 95 95 4560 6840 680 (14.2 720(2) (15.0 (95.2 (142. 8) 4)(2) 4) 86) 100 100 100 100 4800 7200 720(2) (15.0 720(2) (15.0 (100. (150. 4)(2) 4)(2) 25) 38) — — — No No 1.5 x — — 720(2) (15.0 limit* limit* ASD 4)(2) desig n press ure (DP) *There is no upper limit for allowable Performance Grades (PG) in the AW Performance Class. Notes: (1) For more information on units of measurement, see Clause 1.3. (2) The water penetration resistance test pressure is capped at 720 Pa (15.04 psf) and does not increase for Performance Grades above PG100. In Canada, the selection of the water penetration resistance test pressure is defined in accordance with the A440S1 (Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, NAFS). Additional guidance on the selection of water test pressures may be found in AAMA TIR A13 The characters shown in the product type in Figure 6.1 indicate Limited Water penetration resistance. Limited Water ratings shall only be permitted for side-hinged door, dual-action side-hinged door, sliding door and folding door systems, and shall not be permitted for any other product types. Side-hinged doors, dual-action side-hinged doors, sliding doors and folding doors claiming a Limited Water rating shall spell

52 out “Limited Water” in the designator as shown in Figure 6.1. Also, Limited Water ratings shall only be permitted where the representative test specimen has successfully passed a water penetration resistance test at a pressure differential of 0 Pa (0.0 psf) or higher, but less than the minimum test pressure required for the indicated Performance Class and Performance Grade (PG). If the test specimen is not successfully tested to a water penetration resistance test pressure equal to or greater than 0 Pa (0.0 psf), that side-hinged door, dual-action side-hinged door, sliding door or folding door system shall not be considered to be in compliance with this Standard/Specification. Also it shall be permitted to seal off locking and latching hardware when performing water resistance testing. This test method, when used, will require an “X” be added as a suffix to the designators.

Limited Water Side-Hinged Door:

Class R — Limited Water PG40 — Size tested 900 × 2000 mm (~36 × 79 in), Class R — Limited Water PG40 — Size tested 35.4 × 78.7 in, or Class R — Limited Water PG40 — Size tested 900 × 2000 mm For all designators, there is an option to add “SHD” at the end of the designator at the manufacturer’s discretion. Examples: Class R — Limited Water PG40 — Size tested 900 × 2000 mm (~36 × 79 in) — Side-Hinged Door or Class R — Limited Water PG40 — Size tested 900 × 2000 mm (~36 × 79 in) — Type SHD Legend:

Class R — Performance Class (see Clauses 0.2.1 and 4.3) PG40 — Performance Grade (PG) (see Clauses 0.2.3 and 4.4) Size tested 900 × 2000 mm— maximum size tested (see Clause 4.5) Size tested 35.4 × 78.7 in— maximum size tested (see Clause 4.5) LW SHD — Limited Water side-hinged door — Product type (see Clause 6.2.2)

Figure 6.1 Primary Designator (See Clauses 4.6.2 and Table 8.10)

Products that have been tested as dual doors shall have the code DD added to their product designation after the product type. An example of a product designation for a dual door would be “LC — PG25 1000 × 2100-SHD-DD”. 6.2.2.1 Exclusion for water penetration through side-hinged door, dual-action side- hinged door, sliding door and folding door system locking/latching hardware AWS When evaluating side-hinged door, dual-action side-hinged door, sliding door and folding door systems, water penetration through the locking/latching hardware is permitted to be excluded, provided that the exclusion is clearly identified in the test report. This shall include a complete description of the exclusion method employed, as per Clause 8.3.3. A statement shall also be included in the summary of test results, as per Figure 8.8, to clearly identify that the locking/latching hardware was excluded from the water penetration evaluation. Notwithstanding the aforementioned exclusion, a product manufacturer wishing to evaluate product including the locking/latching hardware shall perform the water penetration tests with the exterior side of locking/latching hardware fully exposed to the water spray with no exclusion methods employed. In this case no exclusion statement is required.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Limited Water Side-Hinged Door, hardware not water tested:

Class R — Limited Water, hardware not water tested PG40 - Size tested 900 × 2000 mm (~36 × 79 in), Class R — Limited Water, hardware not water tested PG40 - Size tested 35.4 × 78.7 in, or Class R — Limited Water, hardware not water tested PG40 - Size tested 900 × 2000 mm For all designators, there is an option to add “SHD” at the end of the designator at the manufacturer’s discretion. Examples: Class R — Limited Water, hardware not water tested PG40 — Size tested 900 × 2000 mm (~36 × 79 in) — Side-Hinged Door or Class R — Limited Water, hardware not water tested PG40 — Size tested 900 × 2000 mm (~36 × 79 in) — Type SHD Legend:

Class R — Performance Class (see Clauses 0.2.1 and 4.3) PG40 — Performance Grade (PG) (see Clauses 0.2.3 and 4.4) Size tested 900 × 2000 mm— maximum size tested (see Clause 4.5) Size tested 35.4 × 78.7 in— maximum size tested (see Clause 4.5) LW SHD X— Limited Water side-hinged door, hardware not water tested — Product type (see Clause 6.2.2)

Figure 6.2 Primary Designator (See Clauses 4.6.2 and Table 8.10)

6.2.3 TEST SPECIMEN INSTALLATION AWS Test specimens shall be installed as specified in Clause 8.2.5. Commentary: For details on test specimen installation see Clause 8.2.5. Evaluation of actual field installation details (anchorage, perimeter seals, etc.) and attachment into various rough opening materials is not part of this Standard/Specification. AAMA 2501 provides a guide for engineering analysis of alternative anchorage conditions.

6.2.4 LIMITED WATER TESTING AWS When testing for a Limited Water rating at a test pressure of 0 Pa (0.0 psf), the specimens shall be tested for water penetration resistance in accordance with ASTM E331. The test duration shall be 15 minutes. When testing for a Limited Water rating greater than 0 Pa (0.0 psf), the specimens shall be tested for water penetration resistance in accordance with ASTM E547 for the desired Performance Class as specified in Clause 8.3.3.1. Limited Water ratings and designations shall only be permitted for side-hinged door, dual-action side-hinged door, sliding door and folding door systems. Except when testing for a Limited Water rating, the minimum water penetration resistance test pressure shall be as specified in Tables 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3.

6.2.5 UNIFORM LOAD DEFLECTION TEST AWS Deflection of R and LC specimen members (except for TDDs) shall be measured and recorded in the test report, but shall not be limited by this Standard/Specification. Commentary: NAFS Table 8,11 provides requirements for auxiliary/durability tests for R, LC and CW side-hinged doors. For details on specific auxiliary/durability test see applicable clauses in Clause 8.

6.2.6 COMPOSITE UNITS AND UNIQUE FRAMING MEMBERS Each unique intermediate framing member (i.e., in a composite unit) shall be tested in the longest dimension for which compliance is desired. Intermediate framing members which are longer or which are

54 not tested shall not comply. Framing members shall be of identical cross-section to those tested to claim compliance. Figure 6.3 illustrates typical configurations but shall not be regarded as all-inclusive. They are intended primarily for composite units with integral mullions. Other configurations shall be permitted to be evaluated.

Note: (1) The following qualification requirements shall apply: (a) frame size shall not be bigger than tested height or width; (b) individual leaf size shall not be bigger than tested height or width; and (c) individual side lites may be bigger in width or height than the tested fixed lite if in compliance with Clause 4.10

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 (3) The symbolism used in this Standard/Specification for a hinged leaf is a line in the shape of a V. The open end of the V indicates the locking edge of the leaf and the point of the V indicates the edge of the leaf where the hinges or pivots are attached. (4) Inswing shall only qualify inswing; outswing shall only qualify outswing.

Figure 6.3 Side-hinged door assembly qualification (See Clause 6.2.6 and Figure 6.3)

6.2.7 FOLDING DOOR ASSEMBLY QUALIFICATION Use Figure 6.4 to determine what test configurations are needed to qualify the appropriate frame and panel designs. Folding door types are as follows:  Type A – folding panel(s) only closing into a jamb frame  Type B – with one single active panel hinged to jamb frame

 Type C – with one single active panel hinged to another panel

 Type D – with two or more folding panels closing into two or more opposing folding panels

 Type E – with one single active panel hinged to jamb frame and one single active panel hinged to another panel.

 See Figure 6.4 for additional clarification (Figure 6.4 illustrates typical configurations and shall not be regarded as all-inclusive).

LH configurations shown. Testing of LH configurations shall qualify RH configurations and vice versa.

For panel quantities greater than five, refer to clause 6.2.7.1e). Figure 6.4 Folding door assembly qualification (See Clause 6.2.7)

6.2.7.1 Folding door assembly qualification limits Testing of a given configuration type (A, B, C, D, or E) shall be permitted to qualify all other configurations identified in the same column of Figure 6.4 to the same performance rating without additional testing, provided all of the following criteria are met: a) The framing, panels, glazing, hardware, hardware location, fasteners, reinforcing, material type, components, and construction of any qualified configuration shall all be equivalent to the tested configuration. b) Individual panel height and width shall not exceed the height and width of the tested panels. c) Folding door assemblies shall only be qualified in the direction of operation tested (e.g. exterior folding shall only qualify exterior folding; interior folding shall only qualify interior folding, etc.) d) Panels can be hinged or center pivot; panel operator hardware can be top or bottom but each require separate testing to qualify. Not all configurations are illustrated. e) The number of panels in any qualified configuration shall be permitted to exceed the number of panels in the tested configuration. f) Configuration types not represented in Figure 6.4 shall only be qualified by testing the maximum size (both height and width) for which conformance is desired, and with the specific configuration desired to be qualified. Testing of such other configurations shall not qualify Configuration Types, A, B, C, D, or E.

56 7 UNIT SKYLIGHTS, INCLUDING ROOF WINDOWS AND TUBULAR DAYLIGHTING DEVICES (TDDS)

7.1 GENERAL TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights have a defined set of primary requirements for the applicable product type before a Performance Grade (PG) can be achieved (see Table 7.1). Performance Class designation is not used for these products. These performance requirements are the minimum allowable performance levels that a test specimen shall achieve in order for a product to be rated. The test specimen size shall be equal to or larger than the maximum size to be qualified. All test specimens shall achieve certain minimum Performance Grade (PG) performance levels for air leakage resistance, water penetration resistance, uniform load resistance, and, where required, operating force. Also, all test specimens shall achieve certain additional minimum performance levels for auxiliary (durability) and material tests specific to the product operator type. See Clause 8 for additional details. It shall not be necessary to apply a structural test pressure 4800 Pa (~100.04 psf) higher than the rated ASD design pressure. For SKG products only, the glazing selected for compliance testing shall be the weakest and thinnest glazing offered by the manufacturer in accordance with ASTM E1300 or CAN/CGSB 12.20 for the test specimen size and the maximum ASD design pressure (DP) to be tested, or any glazing weaker than the glazing required by those Standards, and meet other applicable safety glazing requirement. Commentary: The definitions in NAFS clearly distinguish the differences between tubular daylighting devices, roof windows, and unit skylights, and should be referenced before reading further in this commentary. These product types are subjected to similar wind load levels as other products considered to be “Components and Cladding” as defined in ASCE/SEI 7. However, since they are not vertical (most often mounted on a roof 45 degrees or less above horizontal) they must also resist uniformly applied longer term gravity loads induced by snow, ice or ponded water. Clause 8 provides specifications for measuring resistance to such potentially high loads, but NAFS does not address any non-uniform loads or loads applied at an angle to the supporting surface. See Clause 8for additional details on structural testing methods, and other tests needed to qualify for a Performance Grade.

7.2 TDD, ROOF WINDOW, AND UNIT SKYLIGHT REQUIREMENTS Commentary: Clause 7.2 contains the requirements applicable to TDDs, roof windows and unit skylights.

7.2.1 GENERAL Table 7.1 provides available Performance Grade (PG) requirements.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Table 7.1 AWS Available Performance Grades (PG) for TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights (See Clauses 0.2.5.1, 4.4.1.1, 4.6.3.2, 4.6.3.3, 4.6.5.4, 6.2, 6.2.2, 8.3.4.2, and 8.3.4.3) Positiv Negati Water penetration resistance test pressure e ve structu structu ral test ral test pressu pressu re re (STP) (STP) at at 200% 150% of of ASD ASD design design pressu pressu re re (DP) (DP) (overlo (overlo ad ad does does not not Availa excee excee ble ASD d 4800 d 4800 Perfor design Pa Pa mance pressu [~100. [~100. Grade re 04 04 s (PG) (DP) psf]) psf])

Pa (~psf) Pa (~psf) Pa (~psf) Pa (~psf)

Minim um Perfor 1440 (30.08 2880 (60.15 2160 (45.11 220 (4.59) mance ) ) ) Grade 30 35 1680 3360 2880 260 (5.43) (35.09 (70.18 (60.15 ) ) ) 40 1920 3840 2880 290 (6.06) (40.10 (80.20 (60.15 ) ) ) 45 2160 4320 3240 330 (6.89) (45.11 (90.23 (67.67 ) ) ) 50 2400 4800 3600 360 (7.52) (50.13 (100.2 (75.19 ) 5) ) 55 2640 5280 3960 400 (8.35) (55.14 (110.2 (82.71

58 Commentary: The following is an example.

 Optional elements are shown in square brackets [ ]  Added the other Secondary Designator item not previously included, placed in its correct place in the order, as if the product was operable and had undergone Canadian air leakage testing Primary Designator:* SKG — PG35 — Size tested 1200 × 1200 mm [— Unit skylight (glazed with glass)] or SKG — PG35 — Size tested 47.2 × 47.2 in [— SKG]

Secondary Designator: [Positive ASD design pressure (DP) (Download) = 4800 Pa (~100.3 psf)] [Negative ASD design pressure (DP) (Uplift) = –1680 Pa (~–35.1 psf)] [Water Penetration Resistance Test Pressure = 290 Pa (~6.1 psf)] [Canadian Air Infiltration/Exfiltration Level = A3] *For all designators, there is an option to add the product type at the end of the designator at the manufacturer’s discretion. (See Clause 4.7) Commentary Figure C7.2.1 Primary and Secondary Designator Example

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 7.2.2 TEST SPECIMEN INSTALLATION AWS Commentary: Clause 7.2.2 explains how TDDs, roof windows and unit skylights are to be installed for testing. 7.2.2.1 Installation requirements Test specimens shall be installed as specified in Clause 8.2.5. See Commentary Figure C7.2.2.1 for test specimen mounting. Commentary: Some graphical examples of mounting unit skylight specimens are shown here for curb mounted and deck mounted units and TDDs A venting unit is installed similarly and tested in the closed position. Commentary Figure C8.4.2.1 illustrates the test configurations and planes of measurement for these tests.

Commentary Figure C7.2.2.1a Air Leakage Test Configurations

60 Com mentary Figure 7.2.2.1b TDD test specimen mounting (See Clause 7.2.2.1 and Table 7.1)

7.2.2.2 TDD testing AWS Test specimens (in their entirety) shall be assembled and installed in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s written installation instructions. For air leakage and water penetration testing, the entire assembly shall be tested as a unit at the minimum intended slope (or horizontal) for the roof elements. 7.2.2.3 Installation sealant used during testing AWS

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 The sealant between the test fixture and the test specimen shall not impede or improve the performance of the specimen during testing, e.g., by covering joints or weeps. Commentary: The sealant between the test fixture and the test specimen is intended to isolate the field joints so the test results do not include extraneous leakage points the manufacturer cannot control.

7.2.3 AIR LEAKAGE TESTING AWS TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights shall be permitted to be tested for air leakage resistance in a sloped orientation. The specimen shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s documented instructions and at the lowest slope recommended by those instructions. If accessories such as light fixtures or dampers are offered for installation with TDDs, roof windows, or unit skylights, the product shall be tested with these accessories installed in the test specimen. Dampers or adjustable louvers shall be tested both in the open and the closed position. Commentary: Clause 7.2.3 acknowledges that accessory components and their mounting method in the tube of a TDD may affect air leakage performance. Any such optional accessories are to be provided and installed in strict accordance with manufacturer instructions, using only sealing materials included in the packaging for the unit which do not impede normal operation of the accessory, See Commentary Figure C7.2.2.1 which illustrates the plane of measured air leakage.

7.2.4 WATER PENETRATION TESTING —AWS Roof windows, TDDs, and unit skylights shall be tested either at the lowest slope recommended in the manufacturer’s instructions, or in the horizontal position, at the manufacturer’s discretion. See Clause 8.3.3. For water penetration testing of TDD products, any components entirely below the roof line shall be permitted to be removed to allow for easier detection of any water penetration, at the discretion of the testing agency. Commentary: The minimum water penetration resistance test pressure for all TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights is 15% of the positive ASD design pressure (DP) associated with the Performance Grade (PG). (Reference 9.3.3.1) Where a manufacturer offers or specifies an interior insect screen, the water penetration resistance and uniform load tests are to be performed with the insect screen removed. Although rarely, if ever, encountered, if a product is designed to incorporate exterior screens, refer to Clause 8.3.3.3 for requirements.

7.2.5 UNIFORM LOAD TESTING (SEE CLAUSE 8.3.4) AWS Commentary: Clause 7.2.5 explains the uniform load testing requirements for TDDs, roof windows and unit skylights. 7.2.5.1 Orientation AWS Unit skylight products shall be tested for uniform load resistance in a sloped orientation at the lowest slope for which recognition is sought. Commentary: The positive load duration is 60 seconds (long duration) and the negative load duration 10 seconds (short duration) for TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights. 7.2.5.2 Deflection AWS For all glass-glazed roof windows and unit skylights, no member shall deflect more than L/175, where L is the length of the unsupported span. The deflection of other unit skylights shall be measured and recorded in the test report, but shall not be limited by this Standard/Specification. Deflection measurements shall not be required for TDDs. Commentary: Deflection measurements are not taken on TDD’s because they do not have a defined unsupported span. For plastic glazed unit skylights with multiple glazing layers, the test is set up to ensure that the applied load is imposed on the outermost layer. Some building codes and project specifications may require deflection limits for glass-supporting members or assembly framing more stringent than those of NAFS. For this reason, deflection measurements need to be taken so that compliance can be determined when required. Edge support of glazing materials is a factor in selecting the proper glazing material to meet load requirements (e.g., wind, snow, dead loads, and any other anticipated loads). When testing for Structural Test Pressure (STP), permanent deformation measurements are not required for TDDs. For plastic glazed products, the test specimen is considered to have failed if the glazing continues to deflect without an increase in the load or becomes dislodged from its frame. Refer to Clause 8.3.4.3 for more information on what constitutes a failure.

62 7.2.6 AUXILIARY TESTS FOR ROOF WINDOWS, UNIT SKYLIGHTS, AND TDDS DL The unit skylight and roof window hardware load test shall be used only for operable unit skylights and operable roof windows. Each different design of operable sash of the test specimen shall be tested. The glazed test specimen shall be securely fastened so that the sash, when opened to its full extent, will be horizontal. A load (spread over an area sufficient not to break the glazing) shall be applied, acting through the geometric center of the sash, vertically downward, first in one direction (opening or closing) and then in the opposite direction (see Figure 7.1) The applied load (see Table 7.2) shall be of sufficient magnitude such that the sum of the applied load plus the weight of the glazed sash emulates a load uniformly distributed over the entire sash as indicated in Figure 7.1. If the sash weight is greater than the calculated load, the sash weight will be the load used for the test without any additional applied load. If necessary, an adhesive tape or similar means shall be utilized to keep the applied load located at the center of the sash as the sash deflects under the applied load. The sash and hardware shall be strong enough to support the applied load for a 10-second duration. At the conclusion of the test, the sash shall properly operate through its entire range and fully close. There shall be no failure of screws, window components or hardware, or permanent deformation of any component in a manner that interferes with proper operation. Table 7.2 specifies the load for the distributed load test. Commentary: Other auxiliary tests from Clause 8 may be applicable to some products falling under Clause 7, even if those tests are not specifically mentioned in Clause 7. Consult the specifying authority for further guidance. In addition, some Clause 7 products, such as TDDs, may be subject to requirements in U.S. or Canadian codes not yet covered in NAFS (i.e. interior finishes, plenum ratings, etc.). Manufacturers are urged to comply with such requirements as appropriate to avoid complications at project inspections.

Note: Load is applied in both directions through geometric center of sash Figure 7.1 Set-up for Unit Skylight and Roof Window Hardware Load Test (See Clause 7.2.6)

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Table 7.2 DL Load for distributed load test (See Clauses 7.2.6) Load* Product Product type designation Pa (~psf)

Operable roof window or unit skylight SK, RW 300 (6.27)

*The load specified includes the weight of the glazed sash. Note: For more information on units of measurement, see Clause 1.3

8 GENERAL TESTING REQUIREMENTS

8.1 TESTING REQUIREMENTS AND SEQUENCE Commentary: Clause 8.1 describes the general testing requirements applicable to all products.

8.1.1 APPLICABILITY The testing provisions of this Standard/Specification shall apply to laboratory testing only. Commentary: The testing methods and requirements provided in NAFS are only applicable to testing carried out in a laboratory on a complete fenestration assembly as furnished and described by the manufacturer. The manufacturer also needs to specify applicability of U.S. and/or Canadian requirements to their product specimen(s).

8.1.2 TESTING REQUIREMENTS Table 8.1 provides available Performance Class R and LC Performance Grade (PG) requirements for windows and sliding doors. Tables 8.2 and 8.3 provide available Performance Class CW and AW Performance Grade (PG) requirements and minimum gateway test size for windows and sliding doors. Products that have been tested as dual windows as specified in Clause 4.8.4 shall have the code “DW” added to their product designation after the product type. An example of a product designation for a dual window would be “CW — PG45 1800 × 1500 HS-DW”.

64 Table 8.1 Available Performance Grade (PG) requirements for Class R and LC windows and sliding doors (See Clauses 0.2.5.1, 4.4.1.1, 4.6.3.2, 4.6.3.3, 4.6.5.4, 6.2, 6.2.2, 8.3.4.2, and 8.3.4.3

Performance Classes and Water penetration available Performance Grades ASD Design pressure Structural test resistance test (PG) (DP) pressure (STP) pressure

R LC Pa (~psf) Pa (~psf) Pa (~psf) Minimum Performance 720 (15.04) 1080 (22.56) 140 (2.92) Grade 15 20 960 (20.05) 1440 (30.08) 150 (3.13) Minimum 25 Performance 1200 (25.06) 1800 (37.59) 180 (3.76) Grade 25 30 30 1440 (30.08) 2160 (45.11) 220 (4.59) 35 35 1680 (35.09) 2520 (52.63) 260 (5.43) 40 40 1920 (40.10) 2880 (60.15) 290 (6.06) 45 45 2160 (45.11) 3240 (67.67) 330 (6.89) 50 50 2400 (50.13) 3600 (75.19) 360 (7.52) 55 55 2640 (55.14) 3960 (82.71) 400 (8.35) 60 60 2880 (60.15) 4320 (90.23) 440 (9.19) 65 65 3120 (65.16) 4680 (97.74) 470 (9.82) 70 70 3360 (70.18) 5040 (105.26) 510 (10.65) 75 75 3600 (75.19) 5400 (112.78) 540 (11.28) 80 80 3840 (80.20) 5760 (120.30) 580 (12.11) 85 85 4080 (85.21) 6120 (127.82) 610 (12.78) 90 90 4320 (90.23) 6480 (135.34) 650(2) (13.53) 95 95 4560 (95.24) 6840 (142.86) 680 (14.28) 100 100 4800 (100.25) 7200 (150.38) 720(2) (15.04) (2)

Notes: (1) For more information on units of measurement, see Clause 1.3 (2) The water penetration resistance test pressure is capped at 720 Pa (15.04 psf) and does not increase for Performance Grades above PG100. In Canada, the selection of the water penetration resistance test pressure is defined in accordance with the A440S1 (Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, NAFS) Additional guidance on the selection of water test pressures may be found in AAMA TIR A13

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Table 8.2 Available Performance Grade (PG) requirements for Class CW and AW windows and sliding doors (See Clauses 0.2.5.1, 4.4.1.1, 4.6.3.2, 4.6.3.3, 4.6.5.4, 6.2, 6.2.2, 8.3.4.2, and 8.3.4.3)

Performance Classes and Water penetration Water penetration available Performance ASD design Structural test resistance test resistance test Grades (PG) pressure (DP) pressure (STP) pressure CW pressure AW

CW AW Pa (~psf) Pa (~psf) Pa (~psf) Pa (~psf)

Minimum Performance 1440 (30.08) 2160 (45.11) 220 (4.59) Grade 30 35 1680 (35.09) 2520 (52.63) 260 (5.43) Minimum 40 Performance 1920 (40.10) 2880 (60.15) 290 (6.06) 390 (8.02) Grade 40 45 45 2160 (45.11) 3240 (67.67) 330 (6.89) 440 (9.19) 50 50 2400 (50.13) 3600 (75.19) 360 (7.52) 480 (10.03) 55 55 2640 (55.14) 3960 (82.71) 400 (8.35) 530 (11.07) 60 60 2880 (60.15) 4320 (90.23) 440 (9.19) 580 (12.11) 65 65 3120 (65.16) 4680 (97.74) 470 (9.82) 620 (13.03) 70 70 3360 (70.18) 5040 (105.26) 510 (10.65) 670 (14.04) 75 75 3600 (75.19) 5400 (112.78) 540 (11.28) 720 (15.04) 80 80 3840 (80.20) 5760 (120.30) 580 (12.11) 720(2) (15.04)(2) 85 85 4080 (85.21) 6120 (127.82) 610 (12.78) 720(2) (15.04)(2) 90 90 4320 (90.23) 6480 (135.34) 650 (13.53) 720(2) (15.04)(2) 95 95 4560 (95.24) 6840 (142.86) 680 (14.28) 720(2) (15.04)(2) 100 100 4800 (100.25) 7200 (150.38) 720(2) (15.04) (2) 720(2) (15.04)(2) No limit* No limit* 1.5 × 720(2) (15.04)(2) ASD design pressure (DP)

 There is no limit for optional Performance Grades (PG) in the AW Performance Class Notes: (1) For more information on units of measurement, see Clause 1.3 (2) The penetration resistance test pressure is capped at 720 Pa (15.04 psf) and does not increase for Performance Grades above PG100. In Canada, the selection of the water penetration resistance test pressure is defined in accordance with the A440S1 (Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, NAFS). Additional guidance on the selection of water test pressures may be found in AAMA TIR A13.

66 Table 8.3 AWS Minimum gateway test size for CW and AW products

Minimum test size

Product type Product designation mm (~in)

Architectural terrace door Class AW-PG40-ATD 1200 x 2430 47.24 x 95.67

Class CW-PG30-AP 1200 x 800 47.24 x 31.50 Awning, hopper, projected window Class AW-PG40-AP 1500 x 900 59.06 x 35.43

Class CW-PG30-C 800 x 1500 31.50 x 59.06 Casement window Class AW-PG40-C 900 x 1500 35.43 x 59.06

Dual-action side-hinged door Class CW-PG30-DASHD 1000 x 2100 39.37 x 82.68

Class CW-PG30-DAW 1200 x 1800 47.24 x 70.87 Dual-action window Class AW-PG40-DAW 1500 x 2500 59.06 x 98.43

Class CW-PG30-FD 1000 x 2100 39.37 x 82.68 Fixed door Class AW-PG40-FD 1500 x 2500 59.06 x 98.43

Class CW-PG30-FW 1500 x 1500 59.06 x 59.06 Fixed window Class AW-PG40-FW 1500 x 2500 59.06 x 98.43

Folding door Class CW-PG40-FLD 2400 x 2100 94.49 x 82.68

Class CW-PG30-HP/VP 1200 x 2200 47.24 x 86.61 Horizontally or vertically pivoted window Class AW-PG40-HP/VP 1500 x 2500 59.06 x 98.43

Class CW-PG30-HS 1800 x 1500 70.87 x 59.06 Horizontal sliding window Class AW-PG40-HS 2500 x 2000 98.43 x 78.74

Class CW-PG30-H 1400 x 2300 55.12 x 90.55 Hung window —vertical sliding Class AW-PG40-H 1500 x 2500 59.06 x 98.43

Non-hung window — vertical sliding Class CW-PG30-VS 1400 x 2300 55.12 x 90.55

Class CW-PG30-POW 800 x 1500 31.50 x 59.06 Parallel opening window Class AW-PG40-POW 900 x 1500 35.43 x 59.06

Roof window (glass glazed) RWG-PG30 1100 x 1100 43.31 x 43.31

Roof window (plastic glazed) RWP-PG30 1100 x 1100 43.31 x 43.31

Side-hinged door Class CW-PG30-SHD 1000 x 2100 39.37 x 82.68

Class AW-PG40-SHD 1200 x 2400 47.24 x 94.49

Side-hinged window Class AW-PG40-SHW 1200 x 1800 47.24 x 70.87

Side lite Class CW-PG30-SLT 500 x 2100 19.69 x 82.68 67

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Class CW-PG30-SD 2400 x 2100 94.49 x 82.68 Sliding door Class AW-PG40-SD 3100 x 2400 122.05 x 94.49

Class CW-PG30-TH 1200 x 1500 47.24 x 59.06 Top-hinged window Class AW-PG40-TH 1500 x 2500 59.06 x 98.43

Transom Class CW-PG30-TR 2000 x 500 78.74 x 19.69

Tropical awning window (multiple vent) Class CW-PG30-TA 1400 x 2500 55.12 x 98.43

Tropical awning window (single vent) Class CW-PG30-TA 1400 x 700 55.12 x 27.56

Tubular daylighting device — closed ceiling TDDCC -PG30 250 dia. 9.84 dia.

Tubular daylighting device — open ceiling TDDOC -PG30 250 dia. 9.84 dia.

Unit skylight (glass glazed) SKG-PG30 1100 x 1100 43.31 x 43.31

8.1.3 DETAILS OF TESTING SEQUENCE AWS DL To demonstrate compliance with this Standard/Specification as required by product type, the testing sequence shall be as follows: (a) operating force; (b) latching force (c) air leakage resistance test; (d) water penetration resistance test; (e) uniform load deflection test; and (f) uniform load structural test. The operating force test and the latching force test shall be permitted to be conducted after the air leakage resistance test. However, the operating force test, latching force test, and the air leakage resistance test shall all be conducted before the water penetration resistance test. It shall be permitted to test beyond the minimum performance requirements for each type of performance test before beginning the next test in the sequence. For example, air leakage resistance shall be permitted to be tested at 75 Pa (~1.57 psf) and then 300 Pa (~6.27 psf) before beginning the water penetration resistance test(s). Tests not listed in this Clause may be performed in a sequence designated by the applicable test method referenced in this Standard/Specification or in any other sequence.

8.2 TEST SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS All of the tests specified in Clause 8.1.3 shall be conducted on the same test specimen unless otherwise permitted in this Standard/Specification. Forced entry resistance (FER) tests and auxiliary (durability) tests shall be permitted to be performed on separate specimens of identical size and design. Commentary: The testing sequence may be altered by the testing agency to accommodate other testing protocols such as the Florida Building Code Test Protocols for High Velocity Hurricane Zones or the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) requirements for testing manufactured housing products.

8.2.1 GENERAL Each specimen to be tested shall be a completely assembled, glazed (if applicable), and functional product (including hardware), fitted in the test apparatus in accordance with the manufacturer’s documented instructions, unless otherwise stated in this Standard/Specification. Just prior to load tests for plastic glazed products, the specimen(s) shall be conditioned in accordance with Procedure A of ASTM D618.

68 8.2.2 COMPOSITE UNITS AND COMBINATION ASSEMBLIES If two or more operator types are combined in a common frame, each operator type shall be tested to the requirements for that operator type. Where a manufacturer wishes to demonstrate compliance for combination assemblies consisting of two or more products, two methods are available.  The combination assembly can be tested as a single assembly, incorporating both common (i.e., air leakage, water penetration resistance, uniform load, etc.) and operator type specific testing or,  where each component assembly has been shown to comply individually, it is only necessary to demonstrate compliance of the mating mullions and their impact on other performance issues in accordance with AAMA 450. Commentary: The user should be aware that other performance criteria (air leakage resistance, water penetration resistance, etc.) can be affected at the interface of these products.

8.2.3 ALTERATIONS When alterations are made to a test specimen during testing, those tests already performed that would be affected by such alterations shall be repeated. All alterations made during the sequence of testing shall be recorded in the test report.

8.2.4 SPECIMEN SIZE When testing to achieve conformance to the gateway performance requirements of this Standard/Specification, the test specimen size shall be both the largest width and the largest height for which gateway performance is sought, but for CW and AW products, not less than the minimum width or minimum height indicated in Table 8.3. The make-up of operable and fixed units to be included in the testing of combination assemblies shall depend on the desired configuration of units to be rated. See Clause 4.10. Except as described in AAMA 2502 and/or WDMA I.S.11, Section 3.3, test results shall be valid only for products up to and including the width and height of the specimen tested.

8.2.5 TEST SPECIMEN INSTALLATION AWS DL The air, water, and structural tests required by this Standard/Specification are performed on test specimens installed in a laboratory test fixture that permits installation in accordance with the manufacturer’s documented instructions, which shall be consistent with the perimeter sealing and anchoring practices shown in published field installation details that are specific to the product being tested. For all applicable testing carried out in accordance with this standard/specification, it is not acceptable to install the product in the laboratory test fixture in a manner that prevents observation for potential water leakage around the perimeter of the product framing. In addition, there shall be no direct contact between the test specimen and the test apparatus. Contact is strictly limited to that between the test fixture and the test apparatus itself. In addition, the test specimen installation shall ensure that there is no contact between any parts of the test apparatus components and the test specimen components including, but not limited to; sash, mullions, intermediate rails, or glazing or any other framing member. These requirements shall apply for all laboratory testing procedures carried out in the test apparatus. These test protocols, which form part of this Standard/Specification, shall take precedence over the manufacturer’s installation instructions/details, where those instructions contradict these requirements. These laboratory test protocols are intended to permit the performance evaluation of the fenestration product alone rather than the performance of the installation. Figure 9.1 indicates the testing boundaries for typical test specimen installations and illustrates the plane of perimeter sealants between the fixture and the test specimen and the anchoring of the test assembly to the test fixture. This Standard/Specification excludes the evaluation of the water-tightness attributes of installation flanges, specifically junctions (1) and (2) of Figure 9.2. Designers and specifiers shall indicate appropriate installation instructions and/or practice for their specific application. Field-installed products with air and water penetration through junction (1) or (2) are considered installation deficiencies. Figure 9.2 shows nailing fin corner construction but applies equally to brickmold and other types of exterior flange corner construction.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Commentary: For any given fenestration product, there are hundreds of real-world installation anchorage methods and wall/roof substrates. It is impractical to test every combination of substrate and anchorage for every specific fenestration product tested to NAFS. However, it is impossible to evaluate a fenestration product for compliance to NAFS without anchoring a test specimen to a test chamber. Test specimen anchorage is not required to be evaluated by NAFS, neither for structural adequacy nor any other performance feature. The test specimen anchorage used is not required to precisely duplicate any specific real-world installation anchorage or substrate, and in fact must be modified to permit observation of the rough opening cavity during testing. The only requirement of NAFS is that the test specimen installation methodology reflects manufacturer’s written installation instructions for test specimen mounting (including the manufacturer’s instructions for clearance, shimming, and anchoring), and that test specimen mounting does not influence the performance measurements for air, water and structural load evaluation. If appropriately structured, individual tests conducted to determine compliance to NAFS may be used to evaluate anchorage, but such evaluation is outside the scope of NAFS compliance. AAMA 2501 provides a guide for engineering analysis of alternative anchorage conditions

Figure 8.4 Test specimen mounting (See Clause 8.2.5)

70 Figure 8.5 Water test plane detail (See Clause 8.2.5)

8.3 TESTING METHODS AWS DL Commentary: Clause 8.3 describes the test method applicable to all products.

8.3.1 OPERATING FORCE DL Commentary: Clause 8.3.1 describes the testing criteria for operating force. 8.3.1.1 General DL All operable sash, leaves, SSPs, or door panels shall be fully opened and fully closed a minimum of five times prior to testing to ensure that the sash, leaves, SSPs, or door panels are operating freely. Operable sash or door panels shall be adjusted so that they operate in either direction, with forces not exceeding those specified in Table 8.4, as applicable, to initiate motion from the fully closed position and maintain motion. The adjustments shall be limited to the procedures included in the manufacturer’s installation, service, and/or maintenance instruction manuals. No further adjustments that would affect the operating force shall be made for the balance of all testing. Using the test methods specified in ASTM E2068, the force required to initiate motion of the operable sash or sliding door panels from both the fully closed and fully open positions shall be measured, as well as the force required to maintain motion to the opposite limits of travel. If the specimen tested for operating force is found not to be in compliance with the requirements specified in Table 8.4, no further testing to the requirements of this Standard/Specification shall be permitted until the excessive operating force is removed. This shall be determined by either testing a new specimen or adjusting the tested specimen and retesting. The force requirements indicated in Table 8.4 shall be used to qualify specific operator types. It shall be up to individual manufacturers to determine acceptable operating force limits for their customers’ applications within the maximum allowable operating forces specified in this Standard/Specification. Commentary: Individual manufacturers determine acceptable operating force limits for their customers’ applications within the maximum allowable operating forces specified in NAFS. In previous editions of NAFS, the Canadian and U.S. operating force requirements were different and reflect the historical differences in the approaches employed in both countries. In this edition, the operating force requirements have been fully 71

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 harmonized into a single set for both Canadian and U.S applications. For all Class R and LC windows and sliding doors, both the maximum operating force to initiate motion and maximum force to maintain motion are part of the performance requirements. Testing in compliance with AAMA 513 may be used to demonstrate that the unit’s hardware and weather seal package, as designed, is capable of being operated with forces and motions consistent with ICC/ANSI A117.1, Section 309.4 limitations, if properly installed, adjusted, and maintained, when tested in the laboratory at the minimum test size. The user is cautioned that sizes and/or aspect ratios different than minimum test size (even if smaller), can affect operating force, due to added friction, change in location of the glazed sash center-of-gravity, racking, etc. This test method addresses only minimum test size. Accessible operating window, sliding glass door and terrace door units can be expected to require added care in installation and final adjustment, and more frequent maintenance. Install in a plumb, square, and level condition, without twist, bow or racking, and per manufacturer’s instructions. With properly designed building conditions and correct installation, products complying with requirements of AAMA 513 may meet ICC A117.1 accessibility criteria. Hardware, approach area, reach, force(s), motion, etc. all affect accessibility. Special Applications/Uses Projects in certain geographic areas, or for certain specialized occupancies, may have critical functionality and performance requirements beyond those addressed in NAFS. Some examples are listed below. Psychiatric or Behavioural Care Occupancy Blast Hazard Mitigation Tornado Hazard Mitigation Ballistic Resistance Fire Resistance High Levels of Security While these are not included in the scope of NAFS, any one of these requirements, or a combination of one or more of these requirements plus the basic requirements of NAFS, could drive product selection, project specifications, code compliance, and/or fitness for use. Other standards, guidelines and specifications may exist addressing these topics. The specifier is cautioned against reliance solely on NAFS-compliant testing and analysis in situations where one or more of these special situations exist. For all unit skylight and roof windows, both the maximum operating force to initiate motion and maximum force to maintain motion are part of the performance requirements.

Manually Operated Hardware Hand cranks and pole loops removed. Measurement is taken at the attachment point on operating hardware.

Commentary Figure C8.3.1.1 Operating Force Measurements on Manually Operated Hardware

72 Table 8.4 Operating force requirements AWS DL (See Clauses 4.8.4.2.5 and 8.3.1.1) Maximum Allowable Operating Force Reference Performance Point of force Direction of Product type (includes both force to Clause Class initiate and force in motion) application force N ~lbf R, LC and CW 200 45 Vertical Sliding Midpoint of Upward and Windows - 8.3.1.1 operating downward, parallel to Includes: H, HE AW 280 63 handle(s) or of and VS meeting rails plane of glazing R, LC and CW 155 35 Horizontal Sliding Midpoint of Horizontal to Windows and operating left and right, 8.3.1.1 Doors Includes: handle(s) or of parallel to AW 180 40 HS, FLD and SD meeting rails plane of glazing Projecting Windows and Doors R, LC and CW 60 14 (roto/hinged) Perpendicular Includes: AP, C, End of crank, to crank, knob 8.3.1.2 DASHD, FLD, knob or handle or handle and HP, J, JA, POW, screw SHD, SHW, TA, AW 70 16 TASSP, TH and VP Projecting Windows and R, LC and CW 155 35 Doors (other) – Midpoint of Perpendicular Includes: BW, sash opposite n/a to plane of DAW, HE, HP, , hinges or glazing JA, POW, TH, AW 155 35 operating Projecting TTR handles and TA End of knob, Perpendicular Latching force 8.3.1.3 R, LC and CW 100 22 crank or to sash or handle panel face Perpendicular Skylight/Roof End of crank to crank Window with 8.2 n/a 90 20 handle handle and rotary operator screw Midpoint of Skylight/Roof sash opposite Perpendicular Window with 8.2 n/a 230 52 hinges or to plane of other hardware operating glazing handles

8.3.1.2 Rotary operators DL 73

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 For products with rotary operators, measure the torques (T) necessary to initiate and maintain motion, using a torque gauge or other suitable device calibrated in units not larger than 0.5 N-m (~4.43 in-lbf). Then, convert the torque values to force values (F) using the center-to-center length (L) of the lever in the equation F = T/L. 8.3.1.3 Latching devices DL For R, LC, and CW products only, the force required engage latches required for closing of the sash or panel shall not exceed 100 N (~22.48 lbf) when tested using a force gauge applied to the end of the device in the direction of its normal operation. 8.3.1.4 Multiple glazing panels (MGPs) DL Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior multiple glazing panels (MGPs) in the primary sash, leaves, or door panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance with this Standard/Specification both with and without the MGPs installed, all operating force testing shall be conducted with all MGPs installed.

8.3.2 AIR LEAKAGE RESISTANCE TEST AWS Commentary: In the U.S. for all product types, the maximum allowable air leakage is measured in infiltration mode only. In Canada, the maximum allowable air leakage is based on both the air infiltration and air exfiltration. This reflects the historical differences in the approaches employed in both countries. It is a component of NAFS that is currently under review and future versions of NAFS may be fully harmonized with regard to air leakage. Air leakage performance is an indicator for comparison of product designs. Size and pressure differential changes can influence individual unit performance. As with all measures in NAFS, air leakage is measured in controlled laboratory conditions and does not reflect performance that might be measured in the field for an installed assembly. Air leakage is caused by wind, internal positive or negative pressure, and by stack effect. Excessive air leakage has many side effects, including discomfort and drafts, low relative humidity due to too frequent air changes, noise transmission due to sound leakage, dust and airborne pollutants that are carried with the air. Air leakage during both summer and winter may be a significant contributor to energy loss. Storm windows are required to meet both a minimum and a maximum level of air tightness, assuming that a storm window is exterior-applied. Exterior storm windows, if tighter than the prime window, may trap interior air between the storm and prime sash which could result in condensation under certain combinations of conditions.” For estimating energy loss due to air leakage, the resulting air leakage requires extrapolation from the 75 Pa (25 mph) test pressure to reflect the regional seasonable average wind speed at 10 m reported height and to account for height of building, adjacent structures or terrain, and shape factors.

Table 8.5 AWS Air infiltration/exfiltration levels for all fenestration products (See Clause 8.3.2) Air leakage test pressure Maximum allowable air (+ = infiltration; leakage Performance Class - = exfiltration Pa (~psf) L/s•m² (~cfm/ft²) R and LC, infiltration and exfiltration +/- 75 +/- 1.57 1.5 0.30 CW infiltration and exfiltration +/- 75 +/- 1.57 1.0 0.20 AW infiltration + 300 + 6.27 1.5 0.30 AW exfiltration - 75 - 1.57 1.0 0.20

Skylights, roof windows and TDDs, +/- 75 +/- 1.57 1.5 0.30 infiltration and exfiltration

Note: Air infiltration does not apply to jalousie, jal-awning or tropical awning windows 8.3.2.1 Method of test AWS

74 With the test specimen closed and locked, it shall be subjected to an air leakage test in accordance with ASTM E283. The test pressure and maximum allowable air leakage, before rounding, shall be as specified in Table 8.5, as applicable. Commentary: For the evaluation, the test specimen is closed and locked then subjected to an applied air pressure difference as described in the referenced ASTM E283, Standard Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen. The air flow rate required to maintain the referenced pressure (usually 75 Pa or 300 Pa), is recorded and used to calculate a normalized air leakage rate based on the unit area of the specimen. In Canada, both infiltration and exfiltration are measured for fenestration assemblies. In addition, there are two levels of performance (designated A2 and A3) for operable assemblies. Fixed fenestration assemblies must meet the Fixed Level air leakage requirement. It should also be understood that where supplemental sealants are not employed, fenestration assemblies incorporating fixed sash, these fixed products are rated as operable (i.e., A2 or A3) assemblies. 8.3.2.2 Dual windows and dual doors AWS Dual windows and dual doors shall be tested with the test specimen in the dual mode. 8.3.2.3 Multiple glazing panels (MGPs) AWS Where a manufacturer offers or specifies interior MGPs in the primary sash, leaves, or door panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance with this Standard/Specification both with and without the interior MGPs installed, all air leakage resistance testing shall be conducted both with and without all interior MGPs installed. When testing with the MGPs installed, all between-glazing venting features shall be fully open and functioning properly. When testing with the MGPs removed, all between-glazing venting features shall be plugged as documented in the manufacturer’s installation or product instructions. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies exterior MGPs in the primary sash, leaves, or door panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance with this Standard/Specification both with and without the exterior MGPs installed, all air leakage resistance testing shall be conducted with all exterior MGPs removed.

8.3.2.4 Reporting results AWS For the purposes of this Standard/Specification, air leakage shall be reported on a pass/fail basis. When determining the pass or fail status of a test specimen according to the performance levels specified in Tables 6.1, 7.8, 8.1 and 8.2, the laboratory shall round off the measured air leakage to a single decimal place in accordance with the Absolute Method outlined in ASTM E29. The test report shall contain the statement that “The tested specimen meets (or exceeds) the performance levels specified in AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 for air leakage resistance” or “The tested specimen fails to meet the performance levels specified in AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 for air leakage resistance”, whichever is appropriate. Air leakage of composite units shall not qualify stand-alone individual units. For the purposes of this Standard/Specification, air leakage shall be expressed in units of liters per 2 second per square meter of frame area (cubic feet per minute per square foot of frame area) (L/s•m 2 [cfm/ft ]). Commentary: Commentary Figure C12.2.1illustrates how product dimensions are measured.

8.3.3 WATER PENETRATION RESISTANCE TEST AWS Commentary: Water Pressure Static pressure water testing has been used for over 50 years to quantify fenestration products’ resistance to water penetration. ASTM E 331 is a test method covering the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously, with a uniform static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face. ASTM E 547 is a test method covering the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously, with a cyclic static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face. Any form of liquid water (including percolating water) beyond the innermost plane of windows, doors and unit skylights, independent of amount or means of occurrence, is considered water penetration as defined by ASTM E331 and E547.For exterior secondary storm products, accumulation of up to 8 mm (0.3 in) of water is permissible Although the580 Pa (12 psf) water test pressure cap for the U.S. has served all industry stakeholders well for over 20 years, and is recommended for general use outside of high velocity wind zones for low- and mid-rise construction in the U.S. NAFS -19 has raised this cap to 720 Pa (~15 psf) to harmonize with the Canadian cap. When specified as part of the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 test regimen and certification program, it represents a solid trade-off between cost, performance, aesthetics and functionality for most construction projects. For manufacturers of residential products, 15% of ASD design pressure has been a successful “basis of design” for many years. For manufacturers of architectural products, 20% of ASD design pressure has been a 75

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 successful “basis of design”. For additional information refer to AAMA TIR A13 Recommended Static Water Test Pressures in Non- Hurricane-Prone Regions of the United States. In Canada, the selection of the water penetration resistance test pressure is defined in accordance with the A440S1 (Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, NAFS). For Canada, product selection based only on ASD design pressure might not adequately address driving rain loads. Specified DRWP defines the water penetration resistance test pressure to be used in testing conducted in accordance with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 to achieve compliance with the product selection requirements of Clause 4.4 of A440S1. Where the specified DRWP is higher than that specified for the product selection requirements, the higher water tightness test results are given in the Secondary Designator. 8.3.3.1 Method of test AWS With the specimen closed and locked, all specimens (except Limited Water) shall be subjected to a complete four-cycle water penetration resistance test in accordance with ASTM E547. Each complete cycle shall consist of 5 minutes with the pressure applied and 1 minute with the pressure released, during which the water spray is continuously applied. The total test duration shall be a minimum of 24 minutes. AW specimens shall be tested for water penetration resistance in accordance with both ASTM E547 (four cycles) and ASTM E331 (15 minutes). The minimum water penetration resistance test pressure for all TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights and R, LC, and CW products shall be 15% of the positive ASD design pressure (DP) associated with the Performance Grade (PG). The minimum water penetration resistance test pressure for all AW products shall be 20% of the positive ASD design pressure (DP) associated with the Performance Grade (PG). However, in no case except for Limited Water testing shall the water penetration resistance test pressure be less than 140 Pa (~2.92 psf). The water penetration resistance test pressure shall be capped at 720 Pa (~15.04 psf). For conformance with this Standard/Specification, there shall be no water penetration as defined in the appropriate ASTM test method at the specified test pressure given in Pascal’s (Pa) or pounds per square foot (psf). When evaluating side-hinged door systems, water penetration through the locking/latching hardware is permitted to be excluded, provided that the exclusion is clearly identified in the test report. This shall include a complete description of the exclusion method employed, as per Clause 6.4.2.1. A statement shall also be included in the summary of test results, as per Figure 8.6, to clearly identify that the locking/latching hardware was excluded from the water penetration evaluation. Notwithstanding the aforementioned exclusion, a product manufacturer wishing to evaluate his product including the locking/latching hardware shall perform the water penetration tests with the exterior side of locking/latching hardware fully exposed to the water spray with no exclusion methods employed. In this case no exclusion statement is required.

8.3.3.2 Dual windows and dual doors AWS Dual windows and dual doors shall be tested in both the single and dual modes. 8.3.3.3 Insect screens AWS Where a manufacturer offers or specifies an exterior insect screen, the water penetration resistance test shall be performed both with and without the insect screen in place. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies both a full and a partial exterior insect screen, the water penetration resistance test shall be performed first with one screen in place, and then repeated with the other screen in place. The sequence of these water resistance tests shall be at the discretion of the testing agency. An appropriate amount of time shall be permitted between subsequent water penetration resistance tests to allow for adequate drainage. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies an interior insect screen, the water penetration resistance test shall be performed with the insect screen removed.

8.3.3.4 Multiple glazing panels (MGPs) AWS Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior MGPs in the primary sash, leaves, or door panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance with this Standard/Specification both with and without the MGPs installed, all water penetration resistance testing shall be conducted both with and without all MGPs installed. When testing with the MGPs installed, all between-glazing venting features shall be fully open and functioning properly. When testing with the MGPs removed, all between-glazing venting features shall be plugged if required by the manufacturer.

76 8.3.4 UNIFORM LOAD TESTS AWS Commentary: Clause 8.3.4 describes the conduct of uniform load deflection tests. 8.3.4.1 General AWS Commentary: Clause 8.3.4.1 describes the general requirements for conducting uniform load deflection tests. 8.3.4.1.1 Dual windows and dual doors AWS Dual windows and dual doors shall be tested in both the single and dual modes. For dual windows or dual doors, testing of two separate specimens of identical size and design, one in the dual mode and one in the single mode, shall be permitted. 8.3.4.1.2 Insect screens AWS Insect screens shall be removed from the test specimen for all uniform load testing. 8.3.4.1.3 Multiple glazing panels (MGPs) AWS Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior MGPs in the primary sash, leaves, or door panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance with this Standard/Specification both with and without the MGPs installed, all uniform load testing shall be conducted both with and without all MGPs installed. It shall be permitted to test two separate specimens of identical size and design: one with all MGPs installed and one with all MGPs removed. When testing with the MGPs installed, all between- glazing venting features shall be fully open and functioning properly. When testing with the MGPs removed, all between-glazing venting features shall be plugged if required by the manufacturer. 8.3.4.1.4 Interior accessory windows (IAWs) AWS The IAW shall be removed or open during testing to the requirements of this Standard/Specification. Commentary: In some special situations, large IAW lites may be subject to transient “shared load” due to exterior glass deflection, and need to be designed appropriately. Specially designed, tested, and installed heavy duty IAWs are sometimes used for human impact protection in psychiatric occupancy or for blast hazard mitigation. However, the unique requirements of these applications are not addressed in NAFS. 8.3.4.2 Uniform load deflection test at ASD design pressure (DP) AWS Tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM E330, Procedure A. The positive load duration shall be 60 seconds for TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights (long duration) and 10 seconds for all other products (short duration). The negative load duration for all products shall be 10 seconds. Deflections shall be measured at rated ASD design pressures (DP) and reported. A minimum uniform load as specified in Table 6.1, 7.1, 8.1 or 8.2 as applicable, shall be applied to the test specimen, first to the exterior surface (positive) and then to the interior surface (negative). For plastic glazed unit skylights with multiple glazing layers, the test shall be set up to ensure that the applied load is imposed on the outermost layer. The sequence of applying the loads shall be permitted to be reversed at the option of the testing agency. The test specimen shall be evaluated for deflection during each load, for permanent damage after each load, and for any effects on the normal operation of the specimen. The specimen shall be operated at the discretion of the lab technician after each load to verify its normal operation. The maximum center span and corner deflection shall be recorded for all applied tests. Commentary: Some building codes and project specifications may require deflection limits for glass-supporting members or assembly framing more stringent than those of NAFS. For this reason, deflection measurements must be taken so that compliance can be determined when required. Edge support of glazing materials is a factor in selecting the proper glazing material to meet load requirements (e.g., wind, snow, dead loads, and any other anticipated loads). 8.3.4.2.1 Uniform load deflection test AWS For CW and AW specimens only, no main frame or sash member shall deflect more than L/175, where L is the length of the unsupported span. Deflection of R and LC specimen members shall be measured and recorded in the test report, but shall not be limited by this Standard/Specification 8.3.4.3 Uniform load structural test AWS Tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM E330, Procedure A. The positive load duration shall be 60 seconds for TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights (long duration) and 10 seconds for all other products (short duration). The negative load duration for all products shall be 10 seconds. 77

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 A minimum structural test pressure (STP) as specified in Table 6.1, 7.1, 8.1 or 8.2, as applicable, shall be applied to the test specimen in the same load sequence as that specified in Clause 8.3.4.2. The test specimen shall be evaluated for permanent damage after each load. After each specified loading, there shall be no visually observable permanent damage to fasteners, hardware parts, support arms, or actuating mechanisms and there shall be no disengagement of the sash, frame, or glazing. In addition, there shall be no other damage that causes the test specimen to be inoperable. There shall be no permanent deformation of any mainframe, sash, sash member, leaf, or threshold/sill in excess of 0.4% of its span for Class R and LC products; of 0.3% of its span for class CW products, roof windows, and unit skylights; or of 0.2% of its span for class AW products. Permanent deformation shall be measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (~0.01 in). In dual windows or dual doors, permanent deformation requirements shall apply to the primary window or door members only. Permanent deformation measurements shall not be required for TDDs. If there is any glass breakage during a specified loading, and the manufacturer does not modify the test specimen (i.e., only the glazing or identical sash, panel, or leaf is replaced), a maximum of two retests shall be permitted. After three such failures, the product shall not be permitted to be rated at the pressure that resulted in the glazing only failures. For plastic glazed products, the test specimen shall be considered to have failed if the glazing continues to deflect without an increase in the load or becomes dislodged from its frame. Hardware breakage during testing of shall be considered a failure.

8.3.5 FORCED-ENTRY RESISTANCE TEST AWS Forced-entry resistance (FER) testing does not apply to SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights. Insect screens and SSPs shall be removed from the test specimen prior to FER testing. All windows and fixed doors (FD) shall conform to ASTM F588 (Grade 10, minimum). All sliding doors shall conform to ASTM F842 (Grade 10, minimum). All side-hinged door systems shall conform to AAMA 1304. For dual windows and dual doors, only the designated primary window or primary door shall be tested. In some cases, local codes require compliance with FER specifications other than those specified in this Clause. For purposes of compliance with this Standard/Specification, the requirements of this Clause shall be mandatory, and additional testing in accordance with other FER specifications shall be optional. FER testing of hinged rescue windows shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements for testing casement windows. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior MGPs in the primary sash, leaves, or door panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance with this Standard/Specification both with and without the MGPs installed, all FER testing shall be conducted with all MGPs removed. Commentary: FER testing does not apply to TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights because the scope of existing test methods is directed towards resistance to the “casual burglar” who is not expected to have easy access to the roof (i.e., carry a ladder) or possess other specialized tools normally anticipated for an opportunistic burglary attempt.

8.3.6 AUXILIARY (DURABILITY) TESTS DL Commentary: Clause 8.3.6 describes the conduct of auxiliary (durability) tests. 8.3.6.1 General DL In addition to the tests specified in Clauses 8.3.1 to 8.3.5, products seeking compliance with this Standard/Specification shall be tested for performance as indicated in Clause 8.3.6. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior MGPs in the primary sash, leaves, or sliding door panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance with this Standard/Specification both with and without the MGPs installed, all auxiliary testing, except for the safety drop tests of Clause 8.3.7.7, shall be conducted with all MGPs removed. Commentary: In this case, there are differing tests for each product type largely dependent on the design, function, and construction of the individual products. These tests are designed to subject the product assemblies, sash, leaves, panels, frame, and hardware components to conditions typical of those that might be encountered during the handling, installation, and operation of the product. In that sense, they are designed to address durability issues not covered in the assembly testing specified in Clauses 9.3.1 to 9.3.5. All loads specified in Clause 8.3.6 are minimum loads. A specifier may increase the loads for a particular project, realizing that if a pre-qualified product does not exist, additional testing is permitted as specified. Requirements for higher testing loads often result in higher project costs.

78 8.3.6.2 Deglazing test DL This test shall apply only to operable windows and doors whose mode of operation is either vertical or horizontal sliding and to secondary sash in dual windows or dual doors. When tested in accordance with ASTM E987, operable sash or sliding door panel members or secondary sash members shall not move from their original position by more than 90% of the original glazing bite. Displacement in products utilizing integrated insulating glass construction (i.e., systems where the sash acts as the IG spacer) shall not exceed the adhesive or sealant supplier’s recommended maximum, or 20% of the original glazing bite, whichever is more stringent. For vertical sliding products, the load for horizontal sash members shall be 320 N (~71.94 lbf) and the load for all other sash members shall be 230 N (~51.71 lbf). For horizontal sliding products, the load for vertical sash or sliding door panel members shall be 320 N (~71.94 lbf) and the load for all other sash or sliding door panel members shall be 230 N (~51.71 lbf). For SSPs, the load shall be equal to the weight of the secondary sash and glazing but not less than 70 N (~15.74 lbf). The test shall be conducted on each member of each secondary sash in the test specimen and shall be the more stringent of AAMA 1002 or this Standard/Specification. At the conclusion of the test, the test specimen shall not be damaged in any way that would inhibit normal operation of the window or door (i.e., open, close, lock, unlock). In addition, there shall be no glazing breakage.

8.3.6.3 Sash/leaf torsion test DL This test is performed on an unglazed sash or leaf. The sash or leaf is supported on fulcrums at diagonally opposite corners, with a third corner diagonally opposite the loaded corner secured in the same plane by a fulcrum support block and clamp. A concentrated load acting at the unrestrained corner of the sash or leaf for a period of 10 seconds shall not cause a deflection measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (~0.01 in) at the unrestrained corner greater than indicated in Table 8.6. This test shall be repeated for each design of operable sash or leaf of the test specimen. Commentary: Clause 8.3.6.3 explains how to conduct the sash/leaf torsion test.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Commentary Figure C8.3.6.3 Set-up for sash/leaf torsion test

Table 8.6 DL Deflection limits for sash/leaf torsion test (See Clause 8.3.6.3) Load Deflection limit* Performance Sash or leaf type Class N (~lbf) mm (~in)

Awning, hopper, projected AW 70 (15.74) 33.3 × A (0.12 × B) Dual-action side-hinged door AW 70 (15.74) 57.8 × A (0.21 × B) Vertically/horizontally pivoted CW 70 (15.74) 29.5 × A (0.11 × B) Vertically/horizontally pivoted AW 70 (15.74) 18.1 × A (0.07 × B) Top-hinged CW 70 (15.74) 59.3 × A (0.22 × B) Top-hinged AW 70 (15.74) 57.8 × A (0.21 × B) Dual-action window AW 70 (15.74) 57.8 × A (0.12 × B) Casement AW 90 (20.23) 51.2 × A (0.19 × B)

*A is the area of the tested sash or leaf in square meters; B is the area of the tested sash or leaf in square feet. Note: For more information on units of measurement, see Clause 1.3.

80 8.3.6.4 Casement hardware load test DL The casement hardware load test shall be used only for operable outswing casement windows. Each different design of operable sash shall be tested. Each unique hardware configuration shall be tested on the largest unit for which conformance is desired with that configuration. The glazed test specimen shall be securely fastened in its upright position with the sash opened to its fullest extent or 90 degrees, whichever is less. A concentrated load shall be applied in the horizontal plane first in one direction (opening or closing) and then in the opposite direction. For windows employing friction hinges without an operator, the load shall be applied in the opening direction only. The load may cause some deflection of the sash and shall be applied perpendicular to the sash at its maximum deflection (see Figure 8.6). The applied load vector (see Table 8.7) shall pass within 13 mm (.512 inches) of the geometric center of the sash and shall be of sufficient magnitude to simulate a load uniformly distributed over the entire sash as indicated in Figure 8.6. It is acceptable to fasten a horizontal bar, suction cups or other device to the sash to enable attachment of the applied load, provided the additional weight is less than 5 kg (11 lb). The sash and hardware shall be strong enough to support the applied load for 10 seconds. At the conclusion of the test, the sash shall properly operate through its entire range and fully close. There shall be no failure of screws, window components or hardware, or permanent deformation of any component in a manner that interferes with proper operation.

Horizontal Cross Section through Center of Window Note: Load Is Applied in the Horizontal Plane, Perpendicular to the Deflected Sash Figure 8.6 Set-up for Casement Hardware Load Test (See Clause 8.3.6.4)

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Table 8.7 Loads for Casement Hardware Load Test (See Clause 8.3.6.4)

Load Sash Type Performance Class Pa ~psf

Casement R 240 5.01

Casement LC, CW and AW 300 6.27

For more information on units of measurement, see Clause 1.3

Commentary:

Apply a concentrated load through the geometric center of the sash. Refer to Table 8.7 for loads.

Commentary Figure C8.3.6.4 Optional Alternative Set-up for Casement hardware load test (See Clause 8.3.6.4) 8.3.6.5 Hinge test (hinged rescue windows only) DL After the air, water, and structural tests have been performed, the hinged perimeter frame window assembly shall be subjected to 10 cycles of unlatching, opening to the full 90° position, closing, and latching. At the conclusion of 10 cycles, there shall be no glass breakage or permanent damage to any fasteners, hardware parts, support arms, or actuating mechanisms, and the hinged window assembly shall open, close, and lock in its normal manner. The operation test shall be conducted again, with the heaviest glass configuration (if not already done). 8.3.6.6 Awning, hopper, projected hardware load test DL The glazed operable sash shall be opened to a 45° position or to the limit of its travel, whichever is less, and one side blocked in that position to prevent movement in a closing direction. The blocking shall extend no farther inward than 100 mm (~4 in). A pre-load force of 15 N (~3.37 lbf) shall be applied for a period of 10 seconds to the midpoint of the sash member opposite the hinges, in a closing direction and perpendicular to the plane of the frame. The load shall then be removed and the deflection-measuring devices shall be zeroed. The force shall then be increased to the full test load. The deflection of the outer corner of the operable lite on the opposite side

82 from the blocking, in the direction of the applied force, shall be measured at 60 ± 5 seconds after the full force has been applied and while it is still being applied. The deflection measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (~0.01 in) shall not exceed the values indicated in Table 8.8.

Table 8.8 Deflection limits for sash blocked operation test (See Clauses 8.3.6.6) Load Deflection limit Performance Sash type Class N (~lbf) mm ( ~in)

Awning, hopper, projected R, LC 70 (15.74) Reported and top-turn reversible (0.14 B) Awning, hopper, projected CW 140 (31.47) 38.3A 

Note: For more information on units of measurement, see Clause 1.3

Commentary: For this test, the glazed operable sash is to be opened to a 45° position or to the limit of its travel, whichever is less, and one side [of the sash] blocked in that position to prevent movement in a closing direction. The blocking cannot extend farther inward than 100 mm (~4 in), as shown in Commentary Figure C8.3.6.6. A pre-load force of 15 N (~3.37 lbf) is then applied for a period of 10 seconds at the midpoint of the sash member opposite the hinges, in a closing direction and perpendicular to the plane of the frame. The load is then removed and the deflection-measuring devices are zeroed. The force is then increased to the full test load. The deflection of the outer corner of the operable lite on the opposite side from the blocking, in the direction of the applied force, is measured at 60 ± 5 seconds after the full force has been applied and while it is still being applied. The deflection measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (~0.01 in) must not exceed the values indicated in NAFS Tables 8.8.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Commentary Figure C8.3.6.6 Set-up for awning, hopper, projected hardware load test (See Clause 8.3.6.6)

8.3.6.7 Safety drop test (non-hung vertical operating products only) DL The test specimen shall be mounted in a test fixture. For products with pre-set sash-retention positions, the test specimen shall be examined to identify the two adjacent positions with the maximum spacing. The operable sash shall be raised to the upper of these two positions and then allowed to free fall. This procedure shall be conducted for each operable sash. When dropped, the sash shall automatically stop at the lower of the two pre-set positions. There shall be no breakage or permanent deformation of any part of the test specimen that would impair its operation. There shall be no glazing breakage. For products without pre-set sash-retention positions, the operable sash shall be raised to its fullest extent within the frame and then released. This procedure shall be conducted for each operable sash. When released, the sash shall travel not more than 25 mm (~0.98 in) before coming to a complete stop. There shall be no breakage or permanent deformation of any part of the test specimen that would impair its operation. There shall be no glazing breakage. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior multiple glazing panels (MGPs) in the primary sash, and it is desired to achieve conformance to this Standard/Specification both with and without the MGPs installed, all safety drop tests shall be conducted with all MGPs installed.

8.3.6.8 Life cycle testing (Class AW products only) DL When tested in accordance with AAMA 910, there shall be no damage to fasteners, hardware parts, or sash balances, or any other damage which would cause the specimen to be inoperable. Also, resistance to air leakage and water penetration resistance test results shall not exceed the gateway performance requirements specified in Table 8.10 for the AW Performance Class and Performance Grade (PG) for which compliance is sought.

84 Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior MGPs in the primary sash, leaves, or sliding door panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance with this Standard/Specification both with and without the MGPs installed, all life cycle testing shall be conducted with all MGPs installed.

8.3.6.9 Operation/cycling-slam test performance (architectural terrace doors only) DL The active leaf of an architectural terrace door shall comply with AAMA 920 for the AW Performance Class. The glazing selection criteria for this test shall comply with Clause 9.1.1.2.3.

8.4 LABORATORY TEST REPORT Commentary: Clause 8.4 contains the minimum reporting requirements for tests conducted on windows, doors and unit skylights.

8.4.1 SUMMARY DATA All test reports referencing this Standard/Specification shall include, as a first page, a “Summary of Results” containing, at a minimum, the information shown in Figures 9.5, 9.6 and 9.7, in the order shown.

Product manufacturer: ABC Window Company Product type: Aluminum casement window Product series/model: 1000 Primary product designator: Class R — PG25 — Size tested 760 × 1520 mm (~30 × 60 in) Optional Secondary Designator: Positive ASD design pressure (DP) = 2000 Pa (~41.8 psf) Negative ASD design pressure (DP) = –3000 Pa (~–62.7 psf) Water penetration resistance test pressure = 188 Pa (~3.9 psf) [For TDD only]: Interior tube air pressure differential = 96 Pa (2.00 psf) Test completion date: 11/27/10 (Reference must be made to Report No. 01-1234, dated 11/29/10, for complete test specimen description and detailed test results.) Figure 8.7 Test report summary of results (See Clause 8.4.1)

Product manufacturer: ABC Window Company Product type: Side-hinged door Product series/model: 1500 Primary product designator: Class R — PG50 — Size tested 953 × 2438 mm (37× 98) Optional Secondary Designator: Positive ASD design pressure (DP) = 2500 Pa (~52.2 psf) Negative ASD design pressure (DP) = –3000 Pa (~–62.7 psf) Water penetration resistance test pressure = 380 Pa (~7.9 psf) Test completion date: 12/29/08 Side-hinged Door Water penetration evaluation: Performed with locking/latching hardware covered or otherwise excluded. (Reference must be made to Report No. 02-3456, dated 12/29/08, for complete test specimen description and detailed test results.) Figure 8.8 Test report summary of results for side-hinged entry door with hardware excluded (See Clause 8.4.1)

8.4.2 DETAILED DATA Commentary: Clause 8.4.2 describes the minimum detailed data that must be included on laboratory test reports.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 8.4.2.1 Minimum requirements The test reports shall include test dates, report dates, test record retention dates (minimum 4 years), the location of the test facility, and a comprehensive description of the test specimen. This description shall provide sufficient detail to allow for verification of the fabrication of the test specimen, including, but not limited to, the following details. The details shall be provided in the following order: (a) name and location of the test specimen manufacturer; (b) product type, model, and mode of operation (e.g., inswing, project-in-top, project-out-bottom, outswing); (c) test specimen overall size/configuration; (d) sash, panel, or leaf, sill, and frame component parts list, joinery type, record of materials (including part number, description, and quantity), fastening and sealing details, and sash, panel, or leaf and frame dimensions; (e) weatherstripping type, joinery, retaining method, referenced part number, and size; (f) glazing width, height, thickness, and type (e.g., material, airspace thickness, spacer type and identification) (if not glass, also the material category [e.g., acrylic, copolyester, polycarbonate, or RFP], source, and production process); (g) glazing method (e.g., wet/dry, laid-in, or channel glazing, glazing seals, bite depth, and setting block type and locations); (h) drainage system, indicating location and size of all active and passive weepholes, sloped sills, glazing drainage, etc.; (i) detailed list of operating hardware components, including part numbers, manufacturer, model, type, materials, locations, application details, fastening and sealing details, etc.; (j) sash and frame reinforcement (if none, the report shall state “no reinforcement”); (k) screen(s): component parts list, joinery type, fastening method of retention, etc.; (l) slope of test specimen installation and minimum height of glazing above the roof plane (for TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights); (m) test specimen installation, including rough opening clearances, perimeter fastening, sealing details, and test fixture material; (n) the results of all tests listed in Tables 8.10 and 8.11 for the product being tested, including a statement or tabulation of pertinent testing parameters and data collected; (o) optional test specimen size/configuration (if applicable); (p) other data required to be reported in the applicable reference test methods report sections; (q) a statement that all tests were conducted in accordance with this Standard/Specification and a complete description of any deviations from this Standard/Specification; and (r) a statement of performance ratings obtained. (s) for a side-hinged door, when applicable, a statement that the water penetration performance rating was obtained with the locking/latching hardware covered or otherwise excluded and a description of the exclusion method. 8.4.2.2 AW Class requirements For any Class AW rating above the minimum ASD design pressure of (DP) of 1920 Pa (~40.10 psf), test reports shall clearly state, for the following configuration types, “Single Lite Test Unit Only” in all written presentations where the rating is referenced (see Figure 8.9): (a) horizontally hinged, pivoted, or projected, Configuration A or B; and (b) casement, vertically hinged and pivoted, Configuration A.

86 Product manufacturer: ABC Window Company Product type: Aluminum casement window — Configuration A, Single Lite Test Unit Only Product series/model: 1000 Primary product designator: Class AW — PG100 — Size tested 900 × 1500 mm (~36 × 60 in) Optional Secondary Designator: Positive ASD design pressure (DP) = 2000 Pa (~41.8 psf) Negative ASD design pressure (DP) = –3000 Pa (~–62.7 psf) Water penetration resistance test pressure = 188 Pa (~3.9 psf) Test completion date: 11/27/10 (Reference must be made to Report No. 01-1234, dated 11/29/10, for complete test specimen description and detailed test results.) Figure 8.9 Test report summary of results for any Class AW rating above the minimum ASD design pressure (DP) of 1920 Pa (~40.10 psf) (See Clause 8.4.2.2)

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Maximu Minimum m Minimum Air leakage test pressure Maximum ASD design allowabl structural + = infiltration; allowable air Performance pressure e test pressure Product type - = exfiltration leakage Class (DP) deflectio (STP) n at DP

P Pa (~psf) (~psf) Pa (~psf) Pa (~psf) L/s•m² (~cfm/ft²) a Windows R 720 15.04 Reported 1 22.56 140 2.92 +/- 75 +/- 1.57 1.5 0.30 and Doors 0 LC 1200 25.06 Reported 1 37.59 180 3.76 +/- 75 +/- 1.57 1.5 0.30 8

88 CW 1440 30.08 L/175 2 45.11 220 4.59 +/- 75 +/- 1.57 1.0 0.20 1 2 + 300 + 6.27 1.5 0.30 AW 1920 40.10 L/175 8 60.15 390 8.15 8 - 75 - 1.57 1.0 .20 0 1 7.5 1.50 Secondary 0 (max) (max) Storm 720 15.04 Reported 22.56 0.00 0.00 +/- 75 +/- 1.57 8 and 4.5 and 0.90 Products 0 (min) (min)

Skylight/Roof + +60.15 1440 30.08 L/175 220 4.59 +/- 75 +/- 1.57 1.5 0.30 Window TDD 2 -45.11 8

TABLE 8.10 Gateway Performance Requirements

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Awnin g, Operat Force Case hoppe ion/cy Perf d Sash/l ment r, Life Opera Degla Safety cling- orm entry eaf hardw Hinge projec cycle ting zing drop slam anc resist torsio are test ted testin force test test test e ance n test load (8.3.6. hardw g (8.3.1) (8.3.6. 8.3.6.7 perfor Cla test (8.3.6. test 5) DL are (8.3.6. DL 2) DL DL mance ss (8.3.5) 3) DL (8.3.6. load 8) DL (8.6.7. AWS 4) DL test 9) DL Product/Component Type (8.3.6. 6) DL R X X X X Vertical Sliding Windows - LC X X X X Includes: H, HE and VS CW X X X X AW X X X X R X X X Horizontal Sliding Windows and LC X X X Doors Includes: HS and SD CW X X X AW X X X X Projecting Windows and Doors R X X X (roto/hinged) Includes: ATD, AP, LC X X X C, DASHD, FLD, HP, J, JA, POW, CW X X X SHD, SHW, TA, TASSP, TH and VP AW X X X X X X R X X X X X Projecting Windows and Doors LC X X X X (other) Example: BW, DAW, HE, HP, J, JA, POW, TH, TTR and TA CW X X X X AW X X X X X R X Fixed Window, Door, Side lite or LC X Transom - Includes: FD, FW, SLT and TR CW X AW X X Greenhouse Window X X Secondary Storm Products X X X Skylight/Roof Window TDD X X 1. Operating force test clause 8.3.1 applies to Product Types: ATD, C, HS, H, VS, POW, RWG and RWP, SSP-SGE, SSP- SGI, SSP-FWE, SSP-FWI, SSP-HWE, SSP-HWC, SSP-VWE, SSP-VWI, SD, TTR, SKG, SKP

2. Forced entry resistance test clause 8.3.5 applies to Product Types: ATD, AP, BW, C, DASHD, DAW, FD, FW, GW, HE, HP/VP, HS, H, JA, J, VS, POW, SHD, SHW, SLT (except Class R), SD, TH, TTR, TR and TA

3. Deglazing test clause 8.3.6.2 applies to Product Types FLD, HS, H, VS, SSP and SD

4. Sash and hardware load test clause 8.3.6.3 applies to Product Types: C, POW, RWG, RWP, SKG, SKP

5. Casement hardware load test clause 8.3.6.4 applies to Product Types:

6. Hinge test clause 8.3.6.5 applies to Product Types: HE

7. Awning hopper projected hardware load test clause 8.3.6.6 applies to Product Types: AP (except Class AW), TTR

8. Safety drop test clause 8.3.6.7 applies to Product Types: VS, SSP-CSD, SSP-VWE, SSP-VWI

90 9. Life cycle test clause 8.4.6.8 applies to AW Performance Class Product Types: ATD, AP, C, DAW, FD, FW, HP/VP, HS, H, POW, SHD, SHW, SD, TH

10. Operation/cycling-sash test and performance clause 8.3.6.9 applies to Performance class Product Types: ATD (Class AW)

TABLE 8.11 Auxiliary Test Matrix

9 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS Commentary: Clause 9 addresses the requirements for materials commonly used in the fabrication of fenestration products. While NAFS is intended to be a material-neutral standard/specification, it recognizes that certain minimum material requirements are appropriate.

9.1 REQUIREMENTS WITHOUT ALTERNATIVE Products complying with this standard shall demonstrate compliance with the requirements in Clauses 9.1.1 through 9.1.12.

9.1.1 GLAZING AND GLASS Commentary: Clause 9.1.1 establishes requirements for glass and other glazing materials. Some general guidelines and considerations that users of NAFS should understand follow:  Most building codes require safety glazing to be used in door systems and some windows in certain applications. Consult local codes for details.  Sealed insulating glass units should be glazed in a manner that precludes the accumulation of water in the glazing cavity. If “dry” glazing is employed as the exterior seal, drainage of the glazing cavity to the exterior should be provided.  On commercial projects, the architect, specifier or buyer will often specify the glazing. On residential projects, glazing selection to meet the ASD design pressure (DP) for the project is often the responsibility of the specifier or buyer. In either case, the selector should specify glazing in conformance with the Standards specified in 9.1.1.1 as applicable.  Selection of the appropriate glazing is dependent on whether the selection is being made for testing purposes or to meet required structural loads for a particular application. When glazing selection is being made for the purpose of testing a fenestration assembly, it is the intent of NAFS that the glazing should: o Be of a type intended for use in the end product, and o Not strengthen or brace the fenestration assembly or in any way enhance the structural performance of the assembly during testing. 9.1.1.1 General requirement AWS The uniform load resistance of glazing for products other than test specimens shall meet or exceed the specified ASD design pressure (DP). Where applicable, the load resistance of glass shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E1300 (applicable to one-, two-, three-, or four-sided firm support) or CAN/CGSB 12.20 (applicable to four-sided firm support only), with factors for heat-treated, laminated, and insulating glass load duration, etc., as applicable. 9.1.1.2 Glass selection Note: “Glazing” in this Clause refers only to glass. Commentary: Glazing in Clause 9.1.1.2 refers only to glass, and not to other light transmitting materials. 9.1.1.2.1 General AWS Glazing selection is dependent on whether selection is being made for testing purposes or to meet required structural loads. When glazing selection is being made for the purpose of testing a fenestration assembly, it is the intent of this Standard/Specification that the glazing should be of a type intended for use in the end product and shall not strengthen or brace the sash, panel, leaf, or frame of the fenestration assembly or in any way enhance the structural performance of the assembly during testing. Therefore, the glazing selected for compliance testing shall be the weakest glazing in accordance with ASTM E1300 or CAN/CGSB 12.20 for the test specimen size and the maximum ASD design pressure (DP) to be 91

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 tested, or any glazing that is weaker than that required by those Standards and meeting applicable safety glazing requirements. Glazing selection for testing purposes only shall be based on firm, four-sided glass edge support (except for jalousie windows and other products utilizing two-edge frameless sash), as stipulated in ASTM E1300 or CAN/CGSB 12.20. Building codes require safety glazing or fire-rated glazing in hazardous locations. For testing purposes, the manufacturer shall be permitted to use the weakest glazing defined in the codes and also commercially available that is consistent with the intent of this Clause. See Clause 9 for additional details on glazing selection for TDD, roof window, and unit skylight specimens. This Clause shall supersede all glazing requirements for SSPs covered by AAMA 1002 and AAMA 1102. ASTM E1300 was revised in 2002 to provide greater flexibility in selecting glass types and thickness to meet loading requirements. CAN/CGSB 12.20 has not similarly been revised. Consequently, the selection of glazing for testing purposes shall be the weakest glass according to either glass strength Standard. The glazing for projects shall be the glazing required by the building code having jurisdiction, using the reference Standard specified in the building code. The examples in the commentary to Clause 9.1.1.2.2 will help to illustrate how to select the appropriate glass for test specimens.

9.1.1.2.2 Use of fully tempered or heat-strengthened glass in test specimens AWS Test specimens glazed with fully tempered glass shall not qualify production units glazed with heat- strengthened or annealed glass, nor shall test specimens glazed with heat-strengthened glass qualify production units glazed with annealed glass, unless the test specimen has less than or equal to L/175 (where L is the length of the unsupported span) deflection at the glass-supporting edges at the rated ASD design pressure (DP) when tested in accordance with Clause 8.3.4.2. Commentary: The following examples illustrate will help to illustrate how to select the appropriate glass for test specimens. These are examples only, and apply only to glass selection for test specimens of the indicated size and aspect ratio. Clauses 9.1.1.2.1 and 9.1.1.2.2 provide information on glazing selection for production units: Example 1: Assume that a manufacturer has a casement window for which it desires to achieve a Performance Grade (PG) of 40. The test specimen has an actual glass size of 790 mm wide × 1700 mm tall (~31.10 × 66.93 in). The actual ASD design pressure (DP) to consider for glass selection is 1920 Pa (~40.10 psf). The test specimen is to be glazed with sealed insulating glass. Considering the glass size and the ASD design pressure (DP), ASTM E1300 for firm four-sided support dictates the allowable loads in Commentary Table C9.1.1.2.2.

Commentary Table C9.1.1.2.2

Allowable IGU glass loads for Examples 1 and 2

Nominal glass sheet thickness Allowable IGU load mm (~in) Glass type Pa (~psf) 2.5 (3/32) Annealed 1730 (36.13) Heat-strengthened 3450 (72.05) Fully tempered — 3.0 (1/8) Annealed 2320 (48.45) Heat-strengthened 4650 (97.12) Fully tempered 9300 (194.23) 4.0 (5/32) Annealed 2950 (61.61) Heat-strengthened 5900 (123.22) Fully tempered >10000 (>208.85) 5.0 (3/16) Annealed 3570 (74.56) Heat-strengthened 7149 (149.31) Fully tempered >10000 (>208.85)

Using the information in Commentary Table C9.1.1.2.2, the manufacturer selects the weakest glass that has an allowable load equal to or greater than 1920 Pa (~40.10 psf). In this case, that would be 3.0 mm (~1/8 in) annealed, which has an allowable load of 2320 Pa (~48.45 psf). Therefore, the manufacturer will select, for this specimen, nominal 3.0 mm (~1/8 in) thick annealed glass. Any glass that has a greater allowable load is not permitted. However, any glass that has an equal or lower allowable load is permitted. Therefore, the manufacturer may alternatively choose nominal 2.5 mm (~3/32 in) annealed glass for the test specimen. Example 2: Using the same casement given in Example 1, assume that the manufacturer desires to achieve a Performance Grade (PG) of 70. The actual ASD design pressure (DP) to consider for glass selection is 3360 Pa (~70.18 psf). Using the information in Commentary Table C9.1.1.2.2, the manufacturer selects the weakest glass that has an allowable load equal to or

92 greater than 3360 Pa (~70.18 psf). In this case, it would be 2.5 mm (~3/32 in) heat strengthened, which has an allowable load of 3450 Pa (~72.05 psf). Therefore, the manufacturer will select, for this specimen, nominal 2.5 mm (~3/32 in) thick heat-strengthened glass. Any glass that has a greater allowable load is not permitted. However, any glass that has an equal or lower allowable load is permitted. Therefore, the manufacturer may alternatively choose any one of the following three glass options for the test specimen: (a) nominal 2.5 mm (~3/32 in) annealed glass (not permitted in production units of this size and aspect ratio where the Performance Grade (PG) is greater than 35); (b) nominal 3.0 mm (~1/8 in) annealed glass (not permitted in production units of this size and aspect ratio where the Performance Grade (PG) is greater than 45); or (c) nominal 4.0 mm (~5/32 in) annealed glass (not permitted in production units of this size and aspect ratio where the Performance Grade (PG) is greater than 60). In this case, the manufacturer should carefully consider the fact that testing the specimen with heat-strengthened glass might not qualify production units glazed with annealed glass, as specified in Clause 9.1.1.2.2. Therefore, glazing the test specimen with one of the three annealed options might be more desirable.

9.1.1.2.3 Glazing exceptions AWS Commentary: Clause 10.2.3.3 provides for certain exceptions to the glazing selection requirements of Clauses 9.1.1.2.3.1 through 9.1.1.2.3.6.: 9.1.1.2.3.1 General In recognition that the product produced and sold is permitted to be of equal or smaller size than the size tested, the selection of glazing not intended for testing shall be in accordance with the Standards referenced in Clause 9.1.1.2.1 for the load, edge support, and product size to be used on a particular project. This glazing selection would not necessarily match the thickness or type used for testing, but if it meets the project requirements according to the referenced Standards, the product shall be considered to be in compliance with this Standard/Specification. When glazed in accordance with Clause 9.1.1.2, the test results achieved by the tested specimen shall apply to like products of a size equal to or smaller than the tested specimen, provided that the products contain glazing that complies with ASTM E1300 or CAN/CGSB 12.20 for the specific product size and rated Performance Grades (PG). For products smaller than the tested specimen, this shall permit the use of glazing that is thinner and/or weaker than that used in the tested specimen. Clauses 9.1.1.3.2 to 9.1.1.3.6 define five allowable exceptions to Clauses 9.1.1.2.1 and 9.1.1.2.2.

9.1.1.2.3.2 Glazing Exception 1 Under this exception, the manufacturer shall obtain a written statement from the glass supplier stating that the glass type and thickness specified by ASTM E1300 or CAN/CGSB 12.20 cannot be safely provided. This written statement shall be included in the test report. The weakest glass type that can be safely provided by the glass supplier and that complies with ASTM E1300 (firm four-sided support only) or CAN/CGSB 12.20 shall be used in the test specimen. The test results achieved by the tested specimen shall apply to like products of a size equal to or smaller than the tested specimen, provided that the products contain glazing that complies with ASTM E1300 (using all available edge conditions) or CAN/CGSB 12.20. For products smaller than the tested specimen, this shall permit the use of glazing that is thinner and/or weaker than that used in the tested specimen. Commentary: ASTM E1300 and CAN/CGSB 12.20 both define the allowable glass for an application based solely on loads induced by wind. In some cases, due to handling issues, raw or primary glass suppliers cannot safely provide glass of the type and thickness specified by those Standards. Rather, to address these handling safety issues, thicker and/or stronger glass is provided. Therefore, NAFS defines an allowable exception to Clauses 9.1.1.2.1 and 9.1.1.2.2 in that test specimens are permitted to be glazed with thicker and/or stronger glass than that specified by ASTM E1300 (firm four-sided support only) or CAN/CGSB 12.20 if the glass supplier cannot safely provide glass of the type and thickness specified by ASTM E1300 or CAN/CGSB 12.20. However, the rated ASD design pressure of any production unit is not permitted to exceed the allowable load of the glass used in that unit as defined by ASTM E1300 or CAN/CGSB 12.20. 9.1.1.2.3.3 Glazing Exception 2 In some areas, availability of 2.5 mm (~3/32 in) thick glass is limited. For this and other reasons, many manufacturers have decided not to offer products with 2.5 mm (~3/32 in) thick glass. Therefore, this Standard/Specification defines an allowable exception to Clauses 9.1.1.2.1 and 9.1.1.2.2 in that test specimens shall not be required to be glazed with glass thinner than 3.0 mm (~1/8 in), even though ASTM E1300 or CAN/CGSB 12.20 indicates that 2.5 mm (~3/32 in) thick glass is allowable.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 Under this exception, test results achieved by a tested specimen glazed with 3.0 mm (~1/8 in) thick glass shall apply to like products of a size equal to or smaller than the tested specimen, provided that the products contain 3.0 mm (~1/8 in) or thicker glass, and that the product contains glass of the same or stronger type than that used in the tested specimen. Commentary: Glass that is 2.5 mm (~3/32 in) thick is generally available commercially in the United States but not in Canada. For this and other reasons, many manufacturers have decided not to offer products with 2.5 mm (~3/32 in) thick glass. Therefore, NAFS defines an allowable exception to Clauses 9.1.1.2.1 and 9.1.1.2.2 in that test specimens are not required to be glazed with glass thinner than 3.0 mm (~1/8 in), even though ASTM E1300 or CAN/CGSB 12.20 indicates that 2.5 mm (~3/32 in) thick glass is allowable.

94 9.1.1.2.3.4 Glazing Exception 3 Many building codes require certain products to be glazed with safety glazing or fire-resistant glazing. Such glazing types are often thicker and/or stronger than the glazing specified by ASTM E1300 or CAN/CGSB 12.20. This Standard/Specification defines an allowable exception to Clauses 9.1.1.2.1 and 9.1.1.2.2 in that test specimens representing products that are required by national, state, provincial, or territorial building codes to contain only safety or fire-resistant glazing shall be permitted to be glazed with such safety or fire-resistant glazing. 9.1.1.2.3.5 Glazing Exception 4 This Clause shall apply when the glazing material to be qualified is not within the scope of ASTM E1300 or CAN/CGSB 12.20. Examples include, but are not limited to: (a) plastic glazing materials, if from the same source; (b) composite material panels; and (c) wired safety glass. Under this exception, a manufacturer shall be permitted to glaze a test specimen with any desired thickness and type of glazing material that is not within the scope of ASTM E1300 or CAN/CGSB 12.20. When the test specimen is glazed in accordance with this Clause, the test results achieved shall apply to like products of a size equal to or smaller than the test specimen, provided that the products contain glazing of exactly the same material type and of a thickness equal to or greater than that used in the test specimen. The test results achieved shall not apply to like products containing a different glazing material, or containing thinner glazing, than that used in the test specimen. Commentary: Unit skylights intended for high download applications may need to use glass that falls outside the load limits of ASTM E1300. Those products are exempt from the ASTM E1300 requirement, but can still qualify for PG ratings based on testing. 9.1.1.2.3.6 Glazing Exception 5 This Clause shall apply to glazing selection for side-hinged exterior door specimens that are to be cycle tested in accordance with Clause 8.3.6.9. Such specimens shall use the heaviest glazing assembly that is to be qualified or shall have sufficient additional weight attached to the glazing to make it equivalent to the heaviest glazing assembly to be qualified. Successful testing of such specimens shall qualify the product when it is of equal or lesser weight. 9.1.1.2.4 Additional glazing qualification requirements Commentary: Clause 9.1.1.2.4 contains additional glazing qualification requirements for products qualifying insulating glass and for unglazed doors. 9.1.1.2.4.1Single glazing qualification when tested with insulating glass Since sealed insulating glass units typically provide significantly more strength and stiffness to sash and frame members than single glazing, products tested with sealed insulating glass units shall not qualify single-glazed products. 9.1.1.2.4.2 Insulating glass qualification when tested with single glazing Products tested with single glazing shall qualify that product when glazed with insulating glass units, provided that the only change to the product is the glass-retaining members or stops, and provided that the product is not subject to the safety drop test in Clause 8.3.7.7. 9.1.1.2.4.3 Qualification of glazing in doors Testing of unglazed door units shall not qualify glazed door units, and testing of glazed door units shall not qualify unglazed door units. Leaves with glazing shall be tested with the largest glazing area to be provided in the door system for which compliance is desired. 9.1.1.3 Multiple glazing panels (MGPs) MGPs shall contain glazing that fully conforms to the applicable requirements of primary glazing specified in Clauses 9.1.1.1 and 9.1.1.2. If the MGP is an interior panel and vented to the interior, these requirements shall not apply to the interior panel. MGPs may be installed on either the interior side or the exterior side of the primary glazing.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 9.1.2 FRAMING/CLADDING MATERIALS Commentary: Materials used as framing members for fenestration products are also subject to load, strength and durability requirements. NAFS addresses this by referencing numerous accepted material standards and test methods from ASTM, AAMA, and ANSI. Recognized standards for Wood and coatings, Vinyl and coatings, Cellular PVC, Aluminum, Aluminum Coatings, Fiberglass (thermoset plastics) and coatings, Steel and coatings, Cellulosic composite materials, and reinforced thermoplastic are all included in NAFS to ensure that components meet performance requirements. End use testing as specified in NAFS is of course still required to ensure that a product design meets the requirements contained in NAFS for wind and snow loads, water and air infiltration and impact testing. 9.1.2.1 General

Clause 9.1.2 describes the minimum framing and cladding material requirements for reliable use in a fenestration application. The tests included are intended to evaluate framing and cladding materials before they are included in a product assembly. The process control requirements in the reference Standards in Clause 9.1.2 are beyond the scope of this Standard/Specification and shall be addressed by certification, evaluation, job specification, and internal quality programs. 9.1.2.1.1 Lead HS At the point of manufacture, finished framing, sash, panel, leaf, and cladding materials shall be tested for the presence of lead in accordance with ASTM E1753 (Rhodizonate surface swab test). If lead is indicated, lead content shall be confirmed by any one of the analytical techniques listed in ASTM E1613 or Method 7303 in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods and shall not exceed 0.02% by weight. Commentary: The tests included in Clause 92.1.1.1 are intended to evaluate framing and cladding materials before they are included in a product assembly. The process control requirements in the reference Standards in Clause 9.1.2.1.1 are beyond the scope of NAFS and should be addressed by certification, evaluation, job specification, and internal quality programs. For lead presence testing, only Rhodizonate test kits with a sensitivity appropriate for the requirements of Clause 9.1.2.1.1 should be used.

9.1.2.1.2 Lead testing HS At the point of manufacture of the fenestration product, the outermost surface of test samples of hardware intended for repetitive human touch by the consumer in its installed condition shall be tested for the presence of lead in accordance with ASTM E1753 (Rhodizonate surface swab test). If the hardware part is coated, the coatings (e.g., paint, plating, oil, or clear coat) shall be considered the outermost surface of the part. If lead is indicated, the lead content shall be confirmed by either Test Method A (see Clause 9.1.21.1.2.1) or Test Method B (see Clause 9.1.2.1.2.2). Laboratories should be listed with the EPA National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program (NLLAP) or accredited to ISO/IEC 17025 for the applicable test method by an organization listed by the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC). If lead content exceeding specified limits is proved using the applicable method, the hardware shall not be used in the product assembly. Commentary: Hardware surfaces intended for repetitive human touch by the consumer in its installed condition must be tested for the presence of lead. The testing is conducted at the point of manufacture of the fenestration product. The primary method of testing is with a swab test (ASTM E1753). If lead is indicated, other testing may be required. Note that higher lead content (greater than the 0.02% limit) is allowed in a few common hardware materials because it is a necessary element required to produce the alloy (e.g. brass and bronze). For brass and bronze, material certifications can be used to demonstrate the lead level in the hardware.

Only EPA-recommended Rhodizonate test kits with a sensitivity appropriate for the requirements of this Clause should be used.

9.1.2.1.2.1 Test Method A HS A complete hardware part that indicated the presence of lead in accordance with Clause 9.1.2.1.2 shall be supplied to the laboratory. The applicable surface shall be tested in accordance with any of the following test methods and the lead content of the surface material shall not exceed 0.02% by weight: (a) any one of the analytical techniques listed in ASTM E1613; (b) EPA Method 6010B; (c) EPA Method 6010C; (d) EPA Method 6020A; (e) EPA Method 7420; or (f) NIOSH 7303 in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods.

96 9.1.2.1.2.2 Test Method B (brass or bronze hardware only) HS Commentary: Clause.9.1.2.1.2.2 describes Method B requirements for hardware with brass or bronze touchable surfaces. 9.1.2.1.2.2.1 Test methods Test Method B may be used only when the touchable surface tested is listed in Table 9.1. A complete hardware part that indicated the presence of lead in accordance with Clause 9.1.2.1.2 shall be supplied to the laboratory. The supplied sample shall be prepared for analysis in accordance with EPA Method 3050B and then analysed in accordance with any of the following methods: (a) any one of the analytical techniques listed in ASTM E1613; (b) EPA Method 6010B; (c) EPA Method 6010C; (d) EPA Method 6020A; (e) EPA Method 7420; or (f) NIOSH 7303 in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods.

9.1.2.1.2.2.2 Material certificate HS In lieu of testing, the hardware manufacturer may supply a material certificate, as furnished by the raw material supplier, to demonstrate lead content. The material certificate shall include the following information: (a) the lead content as a percentage by weight; (b) the standard analytical technique used to determine the lead content; and (c) the name of the testing authority and accrediting body. The lead content shall not exceed the values listed in Table 9.1 for the applicable material.

Table 9.1 Test Method B materials (See Clause 9.1.2.1.2.2.2 Material Lead content, % by weight Lead content, ppm

Brass 3.8 38000 Bronze 5.0 50000

9.1.2.2 Wood preservatives CMP DL Wood or wood composite profile components within the scope of WDMA I.S.4 shall comply with WDMA I.S.4. 9.1.2.3 Vinyl profile structural components CMP DL Rigid PVC profile components, where used as sash, leaf, sliding door panel, frame, or other structural profiles related to glazing retention and/or structural division of glazing lites within a common sash, leaf, sliding door panel, or frame, shall comply with AAMA 303. 9.1.2.4 Vinyl cladding and other non-structural components CMP DL PVC and CPVC components used as cladding or as other non-structural members shall comply with the requirements of ASTM D4726 and AAMA 303 for color hold and weatherability only. 9.1.2.5 Vinyl compounds CMP PVC compounds shall be tested for weatherability in accordance with ASTM D4726 and AAMA 303. Upon completion of the weathering tests, the color of the test specimens shall remain within the color hold guidelines of ASTM D4726 and AAMA 303. 9.1.2.6 Cellular PVC profile structural components CMP DL Cellular PVC profile components, where used as sash, leaf, door panel, frame, or other structural profiles related to glazing retention and/or structural division of glazing lites within a common sash, leaf, door panel, or frame, shall comply with AAMA 308. 97

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 9.1.2.7 Cellular PVC components for cladding and other non-structural applications CMP DL Cellular PVC components used as cladding or as other non-structural members shall comply with the requirements of ASTM D4726 and AAMA 308 for color hold and weatherability only. 9.1.2.8 Cellular PVC compounds CMP Cellular PVC compounds shall be tested for weatherability and comply with the requirements of AAMA 308. 9.1.2.9 Aluminum extrusions CMP Non-radiused, aluminum extrusions, except those used as cladding, shall have a specified ultimate tensile strength of at least 150 MPa (~21755.66 psi) and a specified yield strength of at least 110 MPa (~15954.15 psi). Extrusions shall comply with the mechanical property limits of the AAI’s Aluminum Standards and Data for the alloy and temper used. Aluminum extrusions shall comply with the alloy requirements listed in the AAI’s Aluminum Standards and Data. Commentary: Refer to the Aluminum Association Aluminum Standards and Data for alloy and temper information. As an example, commercial alloy 6063-T5 is one of several alloys that will meet the requirements of NAFS. 9.1.2.10 Fiberglass profiles CMP DL Fiberglass lineal profiles shall comply with AAMA 305. 9.1.2.11 Cellulosic composite materials CMP DL Cellulosic composite materials shall comply with WDMA I.S.10 or AAMA 311. 9.1.2.12 Reinforced thermoplastic materials CMP DL Reinforced thermoplastic compounds and profiles shall comply with AAMA 310.

9.2 REQUIREMENTS WITH ALTERNATIVE Products complying with this standard shall demonstrate compliance either with the requirements in Clause 9.2.1 through 9.2.12 or shall demonstrate equivalent compliance to alternative criteria.

9.2.1PLASTIC GLAZING

9.2.1.1 Smoke density CMP DL Plastic glazing materials shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or ASTM D2843. When tested in accordance with ASTM E84, the maximum smoke developed index shall be not greater than 450. When tested in accordance with ASTM D2843, the maximum smoke density rating shall be not greater than 75. 9.2.1.2 Self-ignition temperature CMP DL Plastic glazing materials, when tested in accordance with ASTM D1929, shall have a minimum self- ignition temperature of 343 °C (650°F). 9.2.1.3 Combustibility classification CMP DL Plastic glazing materials, when tested in accordance with ASTM D635, shall meet one of the combustibility classes listed in Table 9.2.

Table 9.2 Plastic glazing combustibility classes (See Clause 9.2.1.3) Combustibility class Requirements

CC1 Maximum extent of burning shall be 25 mm (~1 in) or less CC2 Average burning rate shall be 62 mm/minute (~2-1/2 in/minute) or less

98 Note: For more information on units of measurement, see Clause 1.3

9.2.2 WOOD ADHESIVES CMP DL Adhesives used in the manufacture of finger-jointed wood or wood-containing parts shall comply with the wet-use adhesive requirements of ASTM D5572. Adhesives used in the manufacture of edge-bonded parts shall comply with the wet-use adhesive requirements of ASTM D5751.

9.2.3 LAMINATES FOR PVC AND CELLULAR PVC PROFILES CMP Laminates for PVC profiles shall comply with AAMA 307, except for those provisions directly related to AAMA profile certification.

9.2.4 ALUMINUM EXTERIOR CLADDING CMP Aluminum, where used as exterior cladding, shall comply with the applicable requirements of Clause 9.1.2.9. Coil stock cladding shall comply with the mechanical property limits of AAI’s Aluminum Standards and Data for the alloy and temper used.

9.2.5 ALUMINUM SHEET AND PLATE CMP Aluminum sheet and plate shall be of proper alloy for window, door, or unit skylight construction, free from defects impairing strength and/or durability. Commentary: Refer to ASTM B209 for general requirements.

9.2.6 ALUMINUM THERMAL BARRIER CONSTRUCTION If a manufacturer offers both thermal barrier and non-thermal-barrier construction using the same extrusions, testing of the thermal barrier construction shall qualify the non-thermal-barrier construction, but testing of the non-thermal-barrier construction shall not qualify the thermal barrier construction.

9.2.7 ALUMINUM THERMAL BARRIER PERFORMANCE CMP DL Thermal barrier extrusions shall be tested for structural performance using test methods outlined in AAMA TIR A8. Dry shrinkage and shear retention testing for thermal barrier extrusions shall be tested in accordance with AAMA 505. Poured and debridged thermal barriers shall be produced in accordance with AAMA TIR A8 and AAMA QAG-1.

9.2.8 FIBERGLASS AND CARBON FIBER DOOR SKINS CMP DL Fiberglass and carbon fiber materials used in door skins shall have appropriate tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and weathering and chemical resistance so as not to impair the performance and proper functioning of the door. These properties shall be tested and reported in accordance with the following methods: (a) tensile strength: ASTM D638 (Type I coupons); (b) flexural strength: ASTM D790 (Procedure A); (c) impact strength: ASTM D256 (Method A); (d) weathering resistance: ASTM D4726 (Section A.1.1); and (e) chemical resistance: ASTM D1308. Test samples may be coated in accordance with the manufacturer’s finishing instructions prior to testing.

9.2.9 STEEL SHEET CMP DL Exterior exposed sheet steel shall be: (a) stainless steel conforming to ASTM A480/A480M; or (b) hot- or cold-rolled steel conforming to ASTM A568/A568M.

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 9.2.10 DOOR LITE INSERT FRAME MATERIALS CMP DL Door lite insert frame materials shall comply with the general requirements of ASTM D4101 for polypropylene, ASTM D6098 for polycarbonate, ASTM D4549 for polystyrene, ASTM D4726 for PVC, ASTM D4673 for ABS, and ASTM D6865 for ASA and ASA/PC blends.

9.2.11 COATINGS AND FINISHES CMP DL The finishes for framing listed in Table 9.3 shall conform to all requirements of the applicable Standards listed in Table 9.3. These requirements shall apply only to factory-applied coatings and finishes. Products provided without factory-applied finishes at some or all exterior and/or interior surfaces shall not be required to comply with these requirements on those uncoated or unfinished systems. At the point of manufacture, dry paint finishes listed in Table 9.3, when applied to framing and cladding materials, shall be tested for the presence of lead in accordance with clause 9.1.2.1.1 Commentary: The standards listed in Table 9.3 ensure performance levels of corrosion, color shift, adhesion, etc. In addition, framing and cladding materials with dry paint finishes are tested for lead using a swab test (ASTM E1753). If lead is indicated, other testing techniques must be used to determine the percent by weight.

100 Table 9.3 Requirements for finishes (See Clauses 9.2.1.1) Finish Standard

Pigmented organic coating on PVC AAMA 613, AAMA 614*, or AAMA 615* Pigmented organic coating on fiber-reinforced thermoset AAMA 623, AAMA 624*, or AAMA profiles 625*

Pigmented organic coating on aluminum extrusions or sheet AAMA 2603, AAMA 2604*, or AAMA 2605* Pigmented organic coating on steel coil AAMA 621 Pigmented organic coating spray applied to steel AAMA 2604* or AAMA 2605* Anodic coating AAMA 611* Combined anodic/organic coating AAMA 612 Pigmented exterior organic coatings on wood and cellulosic WDMA T.M. 12 composites Exterior stain finishes on wood, cellulosic composites and AAMA 633 fiber-reinforced thermoset profiles Pigmented interior organic coatings on wood and cellulosic WDMA T.M. 14 composites Primer coatings for wood and cellulosic composites WDMA T.M. 11 Primer coatings for steel surfaces ANSI/SDI A250.10

* Pigmented organic coatings on the exterior of AW products shall comply with AAMA 614, AAMA 615, AAMA 624, AAMA 625, AAMA 2604 or AAMA 2605. anodic finishes on the exterior of AW products shall be Architectural Class I. Note: For further information on mechanical, chemical, electrochemical, and organic finishes for aluminum, see CSA A440S1. Hot-rolled steel shall be oil-pickled and cold-rolled steel shall also conform to ASTM A794/A794M.

9.2.11.1 Protective coating on steel sheet CMP DL The permitted steel types under Clause 9.2.9(b) shall be protected with at least one of the following: (a) a hot-dipped zinc or zinc-aluminum coating (i) designated as Z275 in ASTM A653/A653M or AZM 150 in ASTM A792/792M; and (ii) complying with ASTM A924/A924M; (b) a coating complying with AAMA 621; (c) an electro-deposited zinc coating complying with ASTM B633; or (d) an electrolytic zinc coating complying with ASTM A879/A879M.

9.2.11.2 Coatings on other steel components, except reinforcing CMP DL Exterior exposed steel shall comply with the following: (a) steel hardware components shall be permitted to be coated in accordance with AAMA 907; and (b) steel sash, leaves, sliding door panels, and frames shall be permitted to be coated as follows: (i) with a primer that complies with ANSI A250.10; or 101

NAFS 19 Draft#1, May 5, 2017 (ii) by the end-user of the product assembly. In this case, the manufacturer shall provide the end-

9.2.11.3 Profile surfaces — Coated by end-user CMP DL Regardless of material, profile surfaces that are not factory coated but are intended to be coated by the end-user of the product assembly shall be permitted. In this case, the manufacturer shall provide the end- user with written recommendations for coating these profiles. 9.2.11.4 Profile surfaces — Uncoated CMP DL Profile surfaces that are not intended to be coated shall be permitted. Such profiles shall be shown to possess weathering resistance by exposing the test specimens to the weathering protocol of ASTM D4726, Section A.1.1. Profile surfaces that are not intended to be coated shall be permitted, provided that exposed surfaces pass the same minimum weatherability and chemical resistance requirements required for coated surfaces.

9.2.12 OTHER MATERIALS CMP Materials other than those specified in Clauses 9.2.1 through 9.2.11 shall be permitted to be used where it can be demonstrated that the physical characteristics, weatherability, and durability of such materials in the application are equal to or better than those specified in Clauses 9.2.1 to 9.2.11. When copper, zinc, bronze, brass, or stainless steel are used in cladding applications, steps shall be taken to minimize electrolytic (galvanic) reactions.

9.3 DESIGN GUIDANCE Commentary: If desired, additional design guidance is available in NAFS-17 for the following materials and components: Material tolerances (NAFS-17, clause 10.1) Reference glazing standards (NAFS-17, clause 10.2.1) Plastic glazing weatherability, light transmittance, and physical property retention (NAFS-17, clause 10.2.5 Window and door hardware (NAFS-17, clause 11.2) Fasteners (NAFS-17, clause 11.3) Reinforcing members (NAFS-17, clause 11.4) Weatherstrip and weatherseals (NAFS-17, Clause 11.5 Insect screens (NAFS-17, clause 11.6 Sealants (NAFS-17, clause 11.7) Integral ventilating systems (NAFS-17, clause 11.9) Blinds in dual-glazed products (NAFS-17, clause 11.10) Setting Blocks (NAFS-17, clause 11.11)