A&P: Marking Period 1 Quarterly Assessment Review 2017-18

Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th Name ______A&P: Marking Period 1 Quarterly Assessment Review 2017-18

1. Define ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY.

2. Know the levels of organization, from simplest to most complex. List them here.

3. Describe the organ systems, their functions, and organs found in each – complete the chart below to do this. Organ System Function Organs skin, hair, epidermis, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nails, sensory receptors, subcutaneous layer Protect organs, store minerals, produce blood cells, allow for movement, provide structure & support Muscular

Regulation and response

pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, kidneys, pancreas, testes, ovaries, hormones Transport of materials

lymphatic vessels lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

Respiratory system

mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine, anus excretion of wastes

Male: testes, vas deferens, penis, scrotum Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina 4. Fill in the blanks. Use the word bank to help you – each word will be used once.

control center effector function gross homeostasis homeostatic imbalance negative organ system positive receptor similar cells structure tissue

. Anatomy is the study of the ______of the body, while physiology is the study of its ______.

. The study of large body structures is called ______anatomy.

. Tissues consist of ______.

. An organ is made of several types of ______.

. Organs working together on a common task form an ______.

. When a constant, dynamic equilibrium is maintained despite changes in the environment (for example, our ability to maintain a constant body temperature), this is called ______.

. To maintain homeostasis, a(n) ______must monitor the internal or external environment to detect changes.

. To maintain homeostasis, a(n) ______must respond to signals indicating that a change has occurred by triggering events which will influence the change.

. To maintain homeostasis, a(n) ______must be capable of altering the condition that is being maintained.

. In a(n) ______feedback system, a change in a condition is sensed and amplified.

. In a(n) ______feedback system, a change in a condition is sensed and returned toward its previous level.

. When equilibrium of a bodily system fails, this is described as ______.

5. Describe the ANATOMICAL POSITION.

6. Understand the body sections (slices) used to observe internal structures, be able to label them on a diagram (sagittal, midsagittal, transverse, coronal/frontal) Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th

7. Label the body cavities on the following diagram.

8. Describe the body cavities and list what organs are found in each. Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th

9. Fill in the blanks. Use the word bank to help you – some words will be used more than once.

abdominal abdominopelvic coronal cranial diaphragm dorsal frontal median midsagittal pelvic spinal/vertebral thoracic transverse ventral

. The ______or ______plane separates the anterior and posterior portions of an object.

. The ______or ______plane separates the superior and inferior portions of an object.

. The ______or ______plane separates the left lateral and the right lateral portions of an object at the midline.

. The cranial cavity is within the ______cavity.

. The spinal or vertebral cavity is within the ______cavity.

. The thoracic cavity is within the ______cavity.

. The abdominopelvic cavity is within the ______cavity.

. The brain is found in the ______cavity. (Use the most specific, i.e. smallest, cavity that is appropriate.)

. The spinal cord is found in the ______cavity. (Use the most specific, i.e. smallest, cavity that is appropriate.)

. The lungs and heart are found in the ______cavity. (Use the most specific, i.e. smallest, cavity that is appropriate.)

. The bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum are found in the ______cavity.

. The digestive organs are found in the ______cavity.

. The pelvic cavity is within the ______cavity, which is within the ______cavity.

. The ______separates the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities.

10. Review the directional terms (ventral/dorsal, proximal/distal, anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, superior/inferior, superficial/deep). Write what they mean below. Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th

11. Fill in the blanks. Use the word bank to help you – some words will be used more than once.

anterior deep distal dorsal inferior lateral medial posterior proximal superficial superior ventral

. The knees are ______to the ankles. . The spine is ______to the breastbone. . The pinky fingers are ______to the thumbs. . The eyes are ______to the bridge of the nose. . The nose is ______to the mouth. . The brain is ______to the skull. . The mouth is ______to the forehead. . The lower back is ______to the navel. . The thumbs are ______to the pinky fingers. . The hands are ______to the elbows. . The navel is ______to the lower back. . The neck is ______to the chest. . The pelvis is ______to the ribs. . The elbows are ______to the wrists. . The skin is ______to the muscles.

12. Fill in the blanks. These refer to regions of the body.

. Nasal refers to the ______. . Oral refers to the ______. . Cervical refers to the ______. . Acromial refers to the ______. . Brachial refers to the ______. . Antecubital refers to the ______. . Antebrachial refers to the ______. . Carpal refers to the ______. Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th . Digital refers to the ______. . Patellar refers to the ______. . Buccal refers to the ______. . Umbilical refers to the ______. . Plantar refers to the ______. 13. Label the Regions of the Body:

Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th

14. Body Quadrants: Label each quadrant or region and state which organs are found in them. Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th

Circulatory System:

The Blood anemia blood types clot clotting erythrocytes erythropoietin heat hematocrit hemoglobin kidneys leukocytes nutrients oxygen polycythemia Rh factor thrombocytes too thick waste water

. A major function of blood is the delivery of ______and ______, which are needed for other tissues to live and grow. . A major function of blood is the removal of ______produced by other tissues. . By carrying ______from the body's core to its surface, blood has a major role in the control of body temperature. . A cut (usually) does not lead to a fatal loss of blood because blood is able to ______. . Blood plasma is 90% ______. . ______, ______, and ______are the “formed elements.” . Platelets are critical to the ______process, forming the temporary seal when a blood vessel breaks. . ______, or red blood cells, are small cells that are biconcave in shape. They lack nuclei and most organelles. Their major function is to carry the oxygen-binding protein ______. . The formation of erythrocytes is controlled by the hormone ______, most of which is produced by the ______in response to a low supply of oxygen. . An insufficient number of functional erythrocytes in the blood is ______. . If there are too many erythrocytes in one's blood, then the blood will be ______. . An excess number of erythrocytes in the blood is called ______. Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th . Humans have different ______based on specific antigens on erythrocyte membranes. For several antigens, a severe immunoreaction occurs if a donor and a patient do not share the same one. . In addition to the ABO antigens, some people also carry another antigen known as a(n) ______. Others do not carry it. . The percentage of erythrocytes (by volume) is called the ______.

Be sure to also review blood types and the blood typing lab and hematocrit lab.

The Blood Vessels arteries arterioles capillaries diffusion lumen tunics valves veins venules

. ______carry blood away from the heart. . ______carry blood toward the heart. . ______are the smallest blood vessels, through the walls of which gases and nutrients are exchanged with tissues. . ______are the walls of blood vessels, while the ______is the central space through which blood flows. . Veins are classified into two types: ______and ______. . ______are small arteries. . ______connect arterioles to venules. . In general, nutrient and waste exchange and gas exchange occurs by ______. . Veins, especially those of the limbs, include ______to prevent blood from flowing backwards.

Also review types of circulation, blood pressure, what happens when there is a clot in a blood vessel, and the weakening of blood vessel walls. Make sure you can list the flow of blood through the heart.