Prepositional and Verbal Phrases

Prepositional and Verbal Phrases phrase: a group of words, without a subject or verb, used as a part of speech

Prepositional phrase: a preposition followed by a ______or ______, called the ______common prepositions about around below in front of near onto toward above at down in on out of upon across between during into of over under after beside by except inside off since underneath against before for instead of on top of to until among behind from like outside through up without with within

Place the prepositional phrase(s) in parentheses and circle the object of the preposition. 1. A school in the town across the river was destroyed by the tornado. (3) 2. We heard the sounds of sirens near the old barn. (2) 3. The roar or thunder and the sound of pouring rain woke me early in the morning. (3) 4. The parade of floats moved through the streets of downtown toward the old city hall. (3) 5. Just before bed, the mother read the book of fairy tales to her daughter. (3)

Verbals: a word that looks like a ______but is used as another part of speech

Participles & Participle Phrases HINTS: Participle: a verbal that functions(is used as) an ______

Laughing hyena the blazing fire an inspiring thought tortured soul case closed

Circle the participle(s) in the following sentences. 1. The crying baby had a wet diaper. 6. The trained lion went through the loop. 2. Shaken, he walked away from the wrecked car. 7. Bob had a splint on his broken finger. 3. The burning log fell off the fire. 8. The sitter finally quieted the crying baby. 4. Smiling, she hugged the panting dog. 9. The crowd applauded the governor’s stirring speech. 5. The falling barometer indicated a change. 10. We put the injured bird in a shoe box.

Participle phrase: a group of words that functions as an ______

The car sliding out of control toward building is going to hit the window. Fearing her dreams, Calpurnia begged Caesar not to go to the Senate. Mark returned the damaged package to the manufacturer. The astronaut chosen to ride the space shuttle to Mars is afraid of heights.

In the following sentences, underline the participle phrase(s), circle the participle(s), and draw a line to the word the participle modifies (describes). 1. The creature suffering in the dungeon was once beautiful. 2. Enthusiastically supporting the team, the Student Council organized a pep rally. 3. Thomas Edison, experimenting with various materials in his laboratory, improved the light bulb. 4. Working around the clock, the firefighters finally put out the last of the California brush fires. 5. The pond, frozen over since early December, is finally starting to thaw.

Gerunds & Gerund Phrases HINTS: Gerund: a verbal ending in -______that functions a ______Subject: Surfing is fun. Predicate Nominative: His favourite sport is surfing. Direct Object: She enjoys surfing. Object of a Preposition: They were exhausted from surfing.

Gerund phrase: a group of words that functions as a noun; can do anything a noun can do Subject: Cutting ten acres of corn took all day. Direct Object: Mom and Meg enjoy picking strawberries. Subject Complement: His only job was cutting material for blue jeans. Object of the preposition: She made money during the summer by mowing lawns.

In the following sentences, underline the gerund phrase(s), circle the gerund(s). Identify how the gerund is being used in the sentence (subject, direct object, subject nominative, object of preposition) 1. My nieces and nephew love being photographed. 2. Her crowning achievement as a senior was graduating with honors. 3. Wishing won’t make it happen. 4. Have you ever tried frying an egg on a very hot rock? 5. After only two weeks, Sam is remarkably good at tumbling. 6. Mrs. Black is preparing for Race for the Cure by jogging three miles every day. 7. Forgetting the address is no reason for coming to the party.

Infinitives & Infinitive Phrases HINTS: Infinitive: the word ______followed by a ______; can function as a ______, ______, or ______Subject: To fish is relaxing. Predicate Nominative: Grandpa’s only desire is to fish. Direct Object: The young girls like to fish. Object of a Preposition: I need advice on how to fish. Adverb: He finds it difficult to fish. Adjective: The busy man has few chances to fish.

Infinitive phrase: ______plus a group of words that functions as a ______, ______, or ______Subject: To leave suddenly is most rude! Direct Object: The student needs to finish his homework tonight. Object of the preposition: Could someone tell me how to get to the gym? Adjective: The material to study for the test is in Chapter 34. Adverb: My parents went to the movies to get away from the kids.

Don’t confuse ______with ______! Infinitive: We planned to drive all the way. Prepositional Phrase: The family drove to New York.

In the following sentences, underline the infinitive phrase(s), circle the infinitive(s). Identify how the gerund is being used in the sentence (subject, direct object, subject nominative, adjective) 1. Her main ambition in life is to write a novel. 2. We have too much work to do and no time to spare. 3. To pretend is one of my little brother’s favourite activities. 4. Would you like to dance? 5. Sarah plans to travel to Europe when she graduates. 6. There are three apartments to rent in this complex. 7. Do you still want to ask the pop star for his autograph? Prepositional and Verbal Phrases phrase: a group of words, without a subject or verb, used as a part of speech

Prepositional phrase: a preposition followed by a noun or pronoun, called the object of the preposition common prepositions about around below in front of near onto toward above at down in on out of upon across between during into of over under after beside by except inside off since underneath against before for instead of on top of to until among behind from like outside through up without with within

Place the prepositional phrase(s) in parentheses and circle the object of the preposition. 1. A school in the town across the river was destroyed by the tornado. (3) 2. We heard the sounds of sirens near the old barn. (2) 3. The roar or thunder and the sound of pouring rain woke me early in the morning. (3) 4. The parade of floats moved through the streets of downtown toward the old city hall. (3) 5. Just before bed, the mother read the book of fairy tales to her daughter. (3)

Verbals: a word that looks like a verb but is used as another part of speech

Participles & Participle Phrases HINTS: Participle: a verbal that functions(is used as) an adjective

Laughing hyena the blazing fire an inspiring thought tortured soul case closed

Circle the participle(s) in the following sentences. 1. The crying baby had a wet diaper. 6. The trained lion went through the loop. 2. Shaken, he walked away from the wrecked car. 7. Bob had a splint on his broken finger. 3. The burning log fell off the fire. 8. The sitter finally quieted the crying baby. 4. Smiling, she hugged the panting dog. 9. The crowd applauded the governor’s stirring speech. 5. The falling barometer indicated a change. 10. We put the injured bird in a shoe box.

Participle phrase: a group of words that functions as an adjective

The car sliding out of control toward building is going to hit the window. Fearing her dreams, Calpurnia begged Caesar not to go to the Senate. Mark returned the damaged package to the manufacturer. The astronaut chosen to ride the space shuttle to Mars is afraid of heights.

In the following sentences, underline the participle phrase(s), circle the participle(s), and draw a line to the word the participle modifies (describes). 1. The creature suffering in the dungeon was once beautiful. 2. Enthusiastically supporting the team, the Student Council organized a pep rally. 3. Thomas Edison, experimenting with various materials in his laboratory, improved the light bulb. 4. Working around the clock, the firefighters finally put out the last of the California brush fires. 5. The pond, frozen over since early December, is finally starting to thaw.

Gerunds & Gerund Phrases HINTS: Gerund: a verbal ending in -ing that functions a noun Subject: Surfing is fun. Predicate Nominative: His favourite sport is surfing. Direct Object: She enjoys surfing. Object of a Preposition: They were exhausted from surfing.

Gerund phrase: a group of words that functions as a noun; can do anything a noun can do Subject: Cutting ten acres of corn took all day. Direct Object: Mom and Meg enjoy picking strawberries. Subject Complement: His only job was cutting material for blue jeans. Object of the preposition: She made money during the summer by mowing lawns.

In the following sentences, underline the gerund phrase(s), circle the gerund(s). Identify how the gerund is being used in the sentence (subject, direct object, subject nominative, object of preposition) 1. My nieces and nephew love being photographed. 2. Her crowning achievement as a senior was graduating with honors. 3. Wishing won’t make it happen. 4. Have you ever tried frying an egg on a very hot rock? 5. After only two weeks, Sam is remarkably good at tumbling. 6. Mrs. Black is preparing for Race for the Cure by jogging three miles every day. 7. Forgetting the address is no reason for coming to the party.

Infinitives & Infinitive Phrases HINTS: Infinitive: the word “to” followed by a verb; can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb Subject: To fish is relaxing. Predicate Nominative: Grandpa’s only desire is to fish. Direct Object: The young girls like to fish. Object of a Preposition: I need advice on how to fish. Adverb: He finds it difficult to fish. Adjective: The busy man has few chances to fish.

Infinitive phrase: “to” plus a group of words that functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb Subject: To leave suddenly is most rude! Direct Object: The student needs to finish his homework tonight. Object of the preposition: Could someone tell me how to get to the gym? Adjective: The material to study for the test is in Chapter 34. Adverb: My parents went to the movies to get away from the kids.

Don’t confuse Infinitives with Prepositional Phrases! Infinitive: We planned to drive all the way. Prepositional Phrase: The family drove to New York.

In the following sentences, underline the infinitive phrase(s), circle the infinitive(s). Identify how the gerund is being used in the sentence (subject, direct object, subject nominative, adjective) 1. Her main ambition in life is to write a novel. 2. We have too much work to do and no time to spare. 3. To pretend is one of my little brother’s favourite activities. 4. Would you like to dance? 5. Sarah plans to travel to Europe when she graduates. 6. There are three apartments to rent in this complex. 7. Do you still want to ask the pop star for his autograph? Grammar as different parts of speech

Label the parts of speech of this sentence: Time flies like an arrow.

What is the subject? What is the verb?

Sometimes words can be used as more than one part of speech.

Cooking is one of my favourite ways to help my mother. Cooking = noun, the subject of the sentence. The chefs are cooking a special meal for the movie star. Cooking = verb, what the chefs are doing

Create sentences using the following words as different parts of speech:

Oil as a noun and as an adjective

Cleaning as a verb and as a noun

Swimming as a verb, adjective, and noun